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Buckling of Columns

This document discusses buckling of columns. It covers column buckling theory, including the effects of imperfections and boundary conditions. It also examines buckling in real structures through examples of collapsed and reinforced concrete columns. The summary discusses how critical load can be improved in theory but imperfections are common, and examines approaches to determining buckling load and the importance of boundary conditions.

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Atul Kulkarni
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202 views31 pages

Buckling of Columns

This document discusses buckling of columns. It covers column buckling theory, including the effects of imperfections and boundary conditions. It also examines buckling in real structures through examples of collapsed and reinforced concrete columns. The summary discusses how critical load can be improved in theory but imperfections are common, and examines approaches to determining buckling load and the importance of boundary conditions.

Uploaded by

Atul Kulkarni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIVE.

5120 Structural Stability (3-0-3)


01/24/17

Buckling of Columns – I

Prof. Tzuyang Yu
Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Lowell, Massachusetts
Outline
•  Imperfection in structures

•  Post-buckling behavior

•  Stability in MDOF (multi degree of freedom) systems

•  Buckling of columns

•  Summary

2
Imperfection in Structures
•  Case 1: Spring-bar system without imperfection

•  Case 2: Spring-bar system with imperfection


–  2-1 Disturbing moment, M0

3
Imperfection in Structures
•  Case 2: Spring-bar system with imperfection
–  2-2 Disturbing moment and initial rotation, θ0

4
Post-buckling Behavior
•  Analysis of cases 1 & 2:

5
Stability in MDOF Systems
•  2 DOF spring-bar system – Rotational spring:

6
Stability in MDOF Systems
•  2 DOF spring-bar system – Translational spring:

7
Buckling of Columns
•  General assumptions in the
classical column theory:
–  Perfectly straight column
–  No eccentricity
–  Plane remains plane
–  No shear deformation
–  Linear materials
–  Small deflection

•  Pinned-ended columns
–  Vertically loaded without
eccentricity
–  Vertically loaded with
eccentricity

8
Buckling of a hollow metallic tube
Buckling of Columns

Cardington Laboratory, Building Research Establishment,


UK (1996)

Pino Suarez Complex Bldg, Mexico City earthquake,


Mexico (1985)

9
Buckling of Columns

Cardington Laboratory,
Building Research
Establishment,
UK (1996)
10
Buckling of Columns

11
University of Washington, Seattle WA (03/28/09)
Buckling of Columns

Holiday Inn, Van Nuys, Northridge


earthquake, California (1994) 12
Buckling of Columns

13
Northridge earthquake, California (1994)
Buckling of Columns
•  Strong-axis vs. weak-axis

(Source: Stablab)
14
Buckling of Columns
•  Local vs. global

(Anathi et al. (2015), Lat. Am. J.


Solids Struct., 12(1))
15
Buckling of Columns
•  Eccentrically-loaded column

16
Buckling of Columns
•  Amplification factor, AF

•  Imperfection factor

17
Buckling of Columns
•  Fixed-ended column

18
Buckling of Columns
•  One end hinged and one end fixed column

19
Buckling of Columns
•  One end fixed and one end guided column

20
Buckling of Columns
•  Elastically-restrained-end column

21
Buckling of Columns
•  Effective length factor, K

22
Buckling of Columns
•  Buckling/critical load and effective length

23
Buckling of Columns
•  Boundary conditions:
–  Pinned

–  Fixed

–  Guided

–  Free

–  Rotational spring

Foundation of the Golden Gate Bridge, CA

Q: What is the actual boundary condition in real structures? 24


Buckling of Columns

Connection of a typical reinforced


concrete frame Northeast support of Eiffel tower, Paris, France

25
Buckling of Columns

(Source: Ivo Casagrande Júnior 11/13/15)


26
Buckling of Columns

(Studio Daniel Libeskind


06/07/07) 27
(Source: ArchitectureAU.com)
Buckling of Columns
•  Effect of reinforcement in concrete structures (Source: California Seismic Safety Commission)

Olive View Hospital, CA


Before San Fernando Earthquake (1971)

Collapsed columns
and walls resulted in
the disappearing of
the first floor

Olive View Hospital, CA


After San Fernando Earthquake (1971)

28
Buckling of Columns
•  Effect of reinforcement in concrete structures (Source: California Seismic Safety Commission)

Lack of Reinforcing steel - If the confining reinforcing steel


in a column is too widely spaced (left), it will not be able to
keep the vertical reinforcing bars and the concrete in place
when it is shaken by an earthquake (right).

The addition of more confining steel (left)


keeps the vertical reinforcing bars from
buckling and the concrete from shifting so that
the building continues to be fully supported 29
(right) even it if is damaged in an earthquake.
Buckling of Columns
•  Two-axial-force column

30
Summary
•  In theory, critical load of columns can be improved by:
–  Increasing Young’s modulus of the material, or
–  Increasing the mass moment of inertia of column cross section,
or
–  Reducing column length/height.
•  Material imperfection in actual structures is usually inevitable.
•  The buckling/critical load of structures can be determined by either
the bifurcation or the energy approach, but the post-buckling
behavior can only be determined by the energy approach.
•  Eigenvalue analysis is carried out in determining the buckling load of
MDOF systems.
•  Boundary conditions (B.C.) are essential in determining the critical
load of columns.
•  For steel columns, temperature increase can reduce the Young’s
modulus of steel, hence reducing the critical load of steel columns.
31

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