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Basic Instrumentation: Delivered by

The document discusses different types of transmission signals used in instrumentation, including pneumatic, electrical, hydraulic, and digital signals. It describes the typical ranges for each signal type and how one signal type can be converted to another through devices like E/Ps, I/Ps, and positioners. The document also covers several types of pneumatic relays used in instrumentation, such as quick exhaust, volume booster, reverse, and lock up relays.

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abid aziz
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45 views7 pages

Basic Instrumentation: Delivered by

The document discusses different types of transmission signals used in instrumentation, including pneumatic, electrical, hydraulic, and digital signals. It describes the typical ranges for each signal type and how one signal type can be converted to another through devices like E/Ps, I/Ps, and positioners. The document also covers several types of pneumatic relays used in instrumentation, such as quick exhaust, volume booster, reverse, and lock up relays.

Uploaded by

abid aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/2/2011

Basic Instrumentation

Delivered by: Rahat Sarwar

Basic Instrumentation

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12/2/2011

Transmission Signals

Transmission Signals
The term which is used to convey/transfer data from one
place to another is known as Signal.

Signals are used to provide communication between


instruments of a control system.

There are four principal types of signals

1. Pneumatic Signal
2. Electrical Signal
3. Hydraulic Signal
4. Digital Signal

Transmission Signals

Pneumatic Signal
is actually base on air pressure which normally ranges between 3 PSI to 15
PSI.

Electrical / Electronic
signal normally ranges between 4mA to 20mA, 0v to10v (voltage), RTD Ω
range (resistance) and mv for Thermocouples.

Hydraulic Signal
is usually transferred from one location to the other by the differential
pressure of oil. Its range is normally 1.5 to 4.5 Kg/cm2.

Digital Signal
is transferred in the form of zero and one (binary). This type of signal is
commonly used in computers and Modern control systems like (DCS, PLC).Its
range is normally K. bytes/sec, M. bytes/sec.

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12/2/2011

Transmission Signals

Signal Conversion
• One type of signal can be converted into another type of
signal. For example pneumatic signal can be converted into
electrical signal and vice versa.

• E/P’s or I/P’s
• Positioner

Signal Conversion

E/P’s or I/P’s
• To convert the electrical signal (4 to 20ma) into a
corresponding pneumatic signal (3~15 psi) for valve
operation.

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12/2/2011

Signal Conversion

Signal Conversion
Positioner
• It is a device to operate by pneumatic
instrument signal, but with separate air
supply. Is used to provide the necessary
air pressure to the control valve actuator
for accurate positioning in accordance
with the demands of the loop controller.
They are mechanically connected to the
valve steam so that actual position can
be compared to desired position.

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12/2/2011

Pneumatic Relays

Pneumatic Relays

Quick Exhaust Relay

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12/2/2011

Pneumatic Relays

Volume Booster Relay

Pneumatic Relays

Reverse Relay

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12/2/2011

Pneumatic Relays

Lock up Relay

Q & A Session ????

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