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Types of DC Motors

There are 4 main types of DC motors: 1. Permanent magnet motors which have excellent starting torque but limited load capacity. 2. Series motors which develop large starting torque but have widely varying speed under load. 3. Shunt motors which have good speed regulation even under varying loads. 4. Compound motors which have both series and shunt fields to provide better starting torque and speed regulation, but the series field can cause control issues for variable speed drives.

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Erwin Lobiano Baldueza
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172 views6 pages

Types of DC Motors

There are 4 main types of DC motors: 1. Permanent magnet motors which have excellent starting torque but limited load capacity. 2. Series motors which develop large starting torque but have widely varying speed under load. 3. Shunt motors which have good speed regulation even under varying loads. 4. Compound motors which have both series and shunt fields to provide better starting torque and speed regulation, but the series field can cause control issues for variable speed drives.

Uploaded by

Erwin Lobiano Baldueza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Motor / Energy and Power

4 Types of DC Motors and Their


Characteristics

DC Motor Characteristics
As you already know, there are two electrical elements of a DC motor,
the field windings and the armature.The armature windings are made up
of current carrying conductors that terminate at a commutator.
4 Types of DC Motors and Their Characteristics (on photo: Collector of 575kw DC motor; credit:
Pedro Raposo)

DC voltage is applied to the armature windings through carbon brushes


which ride on the commutator. In small DC motors, permanent magnets
can be used for the stator. However, in large motors used in industrial
applications the stator is an electromagnet.

When voltage is applied to stator windings an electromagnet


with north and south poles is established. The resultant
magnetic field is static (non-rotational).

For simplicity of explanation, the stator is represented by permanent


magnets in the following illustration.

DC Motor Construction

The field of DC motors can be:

1. Permanent magnet (Permanent magnet stator),


2. Electromagnets connected in series (Wound stator),
3. Shunt (Wound stator), or
4. Compound (Wound stator).
Let’s see the basics of each type as well as their advantages and
disadvantages.

1. Permanent Magnet Motors

Permanent Magnet Motor

The permanent magnet motor uses a magnet to supply field flux.


Permanent magnet DC motors have excellent starting torque capability
with good speed regulation. A disadvantage of permanent magnet DC
motors is they are limited to the amount of load they can drive.These
motors can be found on low horsepower applications.

Another disadvantage is that torque is usually limited to 150% of rated


torque to prevent demagnetization of the permanent magnets.

Go back to Index  ↑

2. Series Motors
Series DC motor

In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the


armature.The field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it
must carry the full armature current.

A characteristic of series motors is the motor develops a large amount


of starting torque. However, speed varies widely between no load and full
load. Series motors cannot be used where a constant speed is required
under varying loads.

Additionally, the speed of a series motor with no load increases


to the point where the motor can become damaged. Some load
must always be connected to a series-connected motor.

Series-connected motors generally are not suitable for use on most


variable speed drive applications.

Go back to Index  ↑

3. Shunt Motors
DC Shunt Motor

In a shunt motor the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the


armature windings. The shunt-connected motor offers good speed
regulation. The field winding can be separately excited or connected to
the same source as the armature.

An advantage to a separately excited shunt field is the ability of


a variable speed drive to provide independent control of the
armature and field.

The shunt-connected motor offers simplified control for reversing. This


is especially beneficial in regenerative drives.

Go back to Index  ↑

4. Compound Motors
Compound DC motor

Compound motors have a field connected in series with the armature


and a separately excited shunt field. The series field provides better
starting torque and the shunt field provides better speed regulation.

However, the series field can cause control problems in variable


speed drive applications and is generally not used in four
quadrant drives.

Go back to Index  ↑

DC Motor – Explained (VIDEO)

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