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Class IX - NCERT –Maths Exercise (1.1)

Question 1:
p
Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form , where p and q are integers and q  0?
q

Solution 1:

Consider the definition of a rational number.

p
A rational number is the one that can be written in the form of , where p and q are integers and
q
q  0.

0 0 0 0 0
• Zero can be written as , , , , .
1 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0
• Zero can be written as well , , , ….
−1 −2 −3 −4

p
So, we arrive at the conclusion that 0 can be written in the form of , where p and q are
q
integers ( q can be positive or negative integers).

Therefore, zero is a rational number.

Question 2:

Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Solution 2:

We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two numbers. As we

have to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4

So multiply and divide by 7 (or any number greater than 6)

7 21
We get, 3 = 3× 7= 7

7 28
4=4× =
7 7

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 1

 22 23 24 25 26 27
Thus the 6 rational numbers are , , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7

Question 3:

3 4
Find five rational numbers between and .
5 5

Solution 3:

We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two numbers.

3 4
As we have to find 5 rational numbers between 5 and 5

So, multiply and divide by 6 (Or any number greater than 5)

3 3 6 18
= × =
5 5 6 30

4 4 6 24
= × =
5 5 6 30

19 20 21 22 23
Thus the 5 rational numbers are , , , ,
30 30 30 30 30

Question 4:

State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answers.

(i) Every natural number is a whole number.

(ii) Every integer is a whole number.

(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.

Solution 4:

(i) Consider the whole numbers and natural numbers separately.

We know that whole number series is 0,1, 2, 3, 4,5..... .

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We know that natural number series is 1, 2, 3, 4,5..... .

So, we can conclude that every natural number lie in the whole number series.

Diagrammatically, we can represent as follows:

Therefore, we conclude that, yes every natural number is a whole number.

(ii) Consider the integers and whole numbers separately.

p
We know that integers are those numbers that can be written in the form of , where q = 1.
q

Now, considering the series of integers, we have – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2,3, 4..... .

We know that whole number are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..... .

We can conclude that whole number series lie in the series of integers. But every integer does not
appear in the whole number series.

Therefore, we conclude that every integer is not a whole number.

But, clearly every whole number is an integer.

(iii) Consider the rational numbers and whole numbers separately.

p
We know that rational numbers are the numbers that can be written in the form ,where q  0
q
We know that whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..... .

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 3

 p
We know that every whole number can be written in the form of as follows
q
0 1 2 3 4 5
, , , , , .
1 1 1 1 1 1

We conclude that every whole number is a rational number.

But, every rational number (1/2, 1/3, 1/4,1/5,1/6…. ) is not a whole number. Therefore, we
conclude that every rational number is not a whole number.

But, clearly every whole number is a rational number.

Exercise (1.2)

Question 1:

State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.

(i) Every irrational number is a real number.

(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form m , where m is a natural
number.

(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.

Solution 1:

(i) Consider the irrational numbers and the real numbers separately.
p
➢ The irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in the form
q
, where p and q are integers and q  0. (Eg: √2, 3𝜋, .011011011…)

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 4

➢ The real number is the collection of rational numbers and irrational numbers.

Therefore, we conclude that, every irrational number is a real number.

(ii) Consider a number line. on a number line, we can represent negative as

well as positive numbers.
➢ Positive numbers are represented in the form of √1, √1.1, √1.2 … …

➢ But we cannot get a negative number after taking square root of any number.

(Eg: √−5 = 5i is a complex number (which you will study in higher classes))

Therefore, we conclude that every number point on the number line is not of the
form m , where m is a natural number.

(iii) Consider the irrational numbers and the real numbers separately.
p
➢ Irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in the form ,
q
where p and q are integers and q  0.
1 1 1 1
➢ A real number is the collection of rational numbers (Eg: , , , ……) and
2 3 4 5
irrational numbers (Eg: √2, 3𝜋, .011011011…).

So, we can conclude that every irrational number is a real number. But every real
number is not an irrational number.

Therefore, every real number is not an irrational number.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 5

Question 2:

Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of
the square root of a number that is a rational number.

Solution 2:

➢ Square root of every positive integer will not yield an integer. (Eg:
√2, √3 , √6 … . ) which are called irrational numbers

But 4 is 2, which is an integer.

Therefore, we conclude that square root of every positive integer is not an

irrational number.

Question 3:

Show how 5 can be represented on the number line.

Solution 3:

We need to draw a line segment AB of 2 unit on the number line. Then draw a
perpendicular line segment BC at B of 1 units. Then join the points C and A, to
form a line segment AC. According to Pythagoras Theorem
AC² = AB² +BC²

AC² = 2² + 1²

AC² = 4 + 1 = 5

AC = √5

Then draw the arc ACD, to get the number 5 on the number line.

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 Exercise (1.3)

Question 1:
Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each
has:
36
(i)
100
1
(ii)
11
1
(iii) 4
8
3
(iv)
13
2
(v)
11
329
(vi)
400

Solution 1:
36
(i)
100

On dividing 36 by 100, we get

36
Therefore, = 0.36, which is a terminating decimal.
100

1
(ii)
11
On dividing 1 by 11, we get

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 7

We observe that while dividing 1 by 11, the quotient = 0.09 is repeated.
1 1
Therefore, = 0.0909..... or = 0.09 , which is a non-terminating and recurring
11 11
decimal.

1 1 32+1 33
(iii) 4 = 4 + = =
8 8 8 8
On dividing 33 by 8, we get

while dividing 33 by 8, the remainder is 0.

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 1 33
Therefore, 4 = = 4.125, which is a terminating decimal.
8 8

3
(iv)
13

On dividing 3 by 13, we get

while dividing 3 by 13 the remainder is 3, which will continue to be 3 after

carrying out 6 continuous divisions.
3 3
Therefore,  0.230769 ..... or  0.230769 , which is a non-terminating and
13 13
recurring decimal.

2
(v)
11

On dividing 2 by 11, we get

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 9

We can observe that while dividing 2 by 11, first the remainder is 2 then 9, which
will continue to be 2 and 9 alternately.
2 2
Therefore,  0.1818 ..... or  0.18 , which is a non-terminating and recurring
11 11
decimal.

329
(vi)
400

On dividing 329 by 400, we get

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 10

While dividing 329 by 400, the remainder is 0.

329
Therefore,  0.8225 , which is a terminating decimal.
400

Question 2:
1
You know that = 0.142857..... . Can you predict what the decimal expansions of
7
2 3 4 5 6
, , , , are, without actually doing the long division? If so, how?
7 7 7 7 7
1
[Hint: Study the remainders while finding the value of carefully.]
7

Solution 2:
1 1
= 0.142857 or = 0.142857.....
7 7
2 3 4 5 6
find the values of , , , and , without performing long division.
7 7 7 7 7
2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , and can be rewritten as 2  , 3  , 4  , 5  , and 6  .
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
1
On substituting value of = 0.142857..... , we get
7

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 11

 1
• 2   2  0.142857....  0.285714....
7
1
• 3   3  0.142857....  0.428571....
7
1
• 4   4  0.142857....  0.571428....
7
1
• 5   5  0.142857....  0.714285....
7
1
• 6   6  0.142857....  0.857142....
7

2 3 4 5 6
Therefore, we conclude that, the values of , , , and , without performing
7 7 7 7 7
long division, we get
2
•  0.285714
7
3
•  0.428571
7
4
•  0.571428
7
5
•  0.714285
7
6
•  0.857142 .
7

Question 3:
p
Express the following in the form , where p and q are integers and q  0.
q
(i) 0.6
(ii) 0.47
(iii) 0.001

Solution 3:
i. Let x = 0.6 ⇒ x = 0.6666..... …(1)
ii.
Multiply both sides by 10,
10x = 0.6666 × 10

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10x = 6.6666…… …..(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get

9x = 6
6 2
x= =
9 3
2 p
Therefore, on converting 0.6 = which is in the form,
3 q

(i) Let x = 0.47 ⇒ x = 0.47777.... ....(a)

Multiply both sides by 10, we get

10x = 4.7777..... ....(b)
Subtract the equation (a) from (b),we get

4.3 ×10 43
x=
9 ×10 90
43
x= .
90
43 p
Therefore, on converting 0.47 = in the form.
90 q

(iii) Let x = 0.001 ⇒ ... (a)

multiply both sides by 1000 (because the number of recurring decimal number is 3)
1000 × x = 1000 × 0.001001....

So, 1000x =1.001001..... ...(b)

Subtract the equation (a) from (b),

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 13

 1
→x= .
999
1
Therefore, on converting 0.001 = which is in the p form.
999 q

Question 4:
p
Express 0.99999.... in the form . Are you surprised by your answer? Discuss why
q
the answer makes sense with your teacher and classmates.

Solution 4:
Let x = 0.99999.... .....(a)

We need to multiply by 10 on both sides, we get

10x = 9.9999.... .....(b)

Subtract the equation (a) from (b), to get

9
9x = 9 as x  or x = 1.
9
1 p
Therefore, on converting 0.99999...= which is in the form,
1 q
Yes, at a glance we are surprised at our answer.
But the answer makes sense when we observe that 0.9999……… goes on forever.
So, there is no gap between 1 and 0.9999……. and hence they are equal.

Question 5:

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 14

What can the maximum number of digits be in the recurring block of digits in the
1
decimal expansion of ? Perform the division to check your answer.
17

Solution 5:
1
We need to find the number of digits in the recurring block of .
17
1
Let us perform the long division to get the recurring block of .
17
We need to divide 1 by 17, to get

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 15

We can observe that while dividing 1 by 17 we get 16 number of digits in the
repeating block of decimal expansion which will continue to be 1 after carrying out
16 continuous divisions.
1 1
Therefore, we conclude that = 0.0588235294117647..... or =
17 17
0.0588235294117647 ,which is a non-terminating and recurring decimal.

Question 6:
Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form p (q  0), where p and q
q
are integers with no common factors other than 1 and having terminating decimal
representations (expansions). Can you guess what property q must satisfy?

Solution 6:
5 5 2 2 5 p
Let us we take the examples , , , , of the form that are terminating
2 4 5 10 16 q
decimals.
5
 2.5
2
5
 1.25
4
2
 0.4
5
2
 0.2
10
5
 0.3125
16
We can observe that the denominators of the above rational numbers have powers
of 2, 5 or both. Therefore, q must satisfy in the form either 2𝑚 or 5𝑛 or both
p
2𝑚 × 5𝑛 (where m= 0,1,2,3….. and n = 0,1,2,3….) in form .
q

Question 7:
Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating non-recurring.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 16

Solution 7:

All irrational numbers are non-terminating and non-recurring.

Eg: √2 = 1.41421 …, √3 = 1.73205 … …
√7= 2.645751……

Question 8:
5 9
Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers and .
7 11
Solution 8:
Let us convert 5 and 9 into decimal form, we get
7 11
5 9
= 0.714285.... and = 0.818181....
7 11
Three irrational numbers that lie between0.714285.... and 0.818181....
are:
0.73073007300073….
0.74074007400074….
0.76076007600076….
Irrational numbers cannot be written in the form of p/q.

Question 9:
Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:
(i) 23
(ii) 225
(iii) 0.3796
(iv) 7.478478...
(v) 1.101001000100001...

Solution 9:
We know

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 17

(i) 23

23 = 4.795831…..
It is an irrational number

(ii) 225 =15

Therefore 225 is a rational number.

(iii) 0.3796

It is terminating decimal. Therefore, it is rational number

(iv) 7.478478….

The given number 7.478478…. is a non-terminating recurring decimal, which can

p
be converted into form.
q
p
While, converting 7.478478…. into form, we get
q
x = 7.478478.... … (a)
1000x = 7478.478478.... … (b)

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 18

While, subtracting (a) from (b), we get

999x = 7471
7471
x
999
Therefore, 7.478478…. is a rational number.

(v) 1.101001000100001....

We can observe that the number 1.101001000100001.... is a non-terminating non-

recurring decimal. Thus, non-terminating and non-recurring decimals cannot be
p
converted into form.
q
Therefore, we conclude that 1.101001000100001.... is an irrational number.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 19

 Exercise (1.4)

Question 1.
Visualize 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification.

Solution 1:

▪ Clearly, the value lies between 3 and 4

▪ The numbers 3.7 and 3.8 lie between 3 and 4.
▪ The numbers 3.76 and 3.77 lie between 3.7 and 3.8.
▪ The numbers 3.764 and 3.766 lie between 3.76 and 3.77
▪ The number 3.765 lies between 3.764 and 3.766.

Therefore, we need to use the successive magnification, after locating numbers 3

and 4 on the number line.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 20

Question 2:
Visualize 4.26 on the number line, up to 4 decimal places.

Solution 2:

The number 4.26 can also be written as 4.262.... .

The number 4.2 lie between 4 and 5

The numbers 4.26 lie between 4.2 and 4.3

The numbers 4.262 lie between 4.261 and 4.263

The number 4.2626 lie between 4.262 and 4.263

Therefore, we need to use the successive magnification, after locating numbers 4

and 5 on the number line to visualize up to 4 decimal places.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 21

 Exercise (1.5)

Question 1:
Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:
i. 2 5
ii. 
2 7
iii.
7 7
1
iv.
2
v. 2

Solution 1:
(i) 2  5

5 = 2.236...., is a non-terminating and non-repeating irrational number.

2  5 = 2 – 2.236.... ( By substituting the value of 5 )
= –0.236...., which is also an irrational number.
Therefore, 2  5 is an irrational number.

(ii) (3  23)  23
3
(3  23)  23  3  23  23  3 =
1

𝑝
which is in the form of and it is a rational number.
𝑞
Therefore, we conclude that (3  23)  23 is a rational number.

2 7 2
(iii) =
7 7 7
𝑝
Which is in the form of and it is a rational number.
𝑞
2 7
Therefore, we conclude that is a rational number.
7 7

1
(iv)
2
2 =1.414...., is a non-terminating and non-repeating irrational number.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 22

 1
Therefore, we conclude that is an irrational number.
2

(v) 2
 = 3.1415...., which is an irrational number.

Observe, Rational x Irrational = Irrational

Therefore 2 will also be an irrational number.

Question 2:
Simplify each of the following expressions:
(i) (3  3)(2  2)
(ii) (3  3)(3  3)
(iii) ( 5  2)2
(iv) ( 5  2)( 5  2)

Solution 2 :
(i) (3  3)(2  2)
(3  3)(2  2)  3(2  2)  3(2  2) (multiplication on binomial by binomial)
 63 2 2 3  6

(ii) (3  3)(3  3)
Using the identity (a  b)(a  b)  a  b
2 2

Therefore
(3  3)(3  3)  32  ( 3)2
9 3 6

(iii) ( 5  2)2
Using Identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

( 5  2)2  ( 5)2  2 5 2  ( 2)2

 5  2 10  2
 7  2 10

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 23

(iv) ( 5  2)( 5  2)
Using Identity (a – b)(a + b) = a2– b2
( 5  2)( 5  2)  ( 5)2  ( 2)2
5 23

Question 3:
Recall,  is defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle to its diameter (say d).
c
That is,   . This seems to contradict the fact that 𝜋 is irrational. How will you resolve this
d
contradiction?

Solution 3:
Here, pi = 22/7 is a rational no. but this is an approximate value.
If we divide 22 by 7, the quotient (3.14....) is a non-terminating non-recurring number. i.e. it is irrational.

Approximate fractions include (in order of increasing accuracy)

22/7, 333/106, 355/113, 52163/16604, 103993/33102, and 245850922/78256779

If we divide anyone of these we get, the quotient (3.14....) is a non-terminating non-recurring number.
i.e. it is irrational

Therefore, either circumference (c) or diameter (d) or both can be irrational numbers.

Therefore, we can conclude that as such there is no contradiction regarding the value of  and
we realize that the value of  is irrational.

Question 4. Represent 9.3 on the number line.

Solution 4:
• Mark the distance 9.3 units from a fixed-point A on a given line to obtain a point B

such that AB = 9.3 units.

• From B mark a distance of 1 unit and mark the point as C.

• Find the mid-point of AC and mark the point as O.

• Draw a semi-circle with centre O and radius OC = 5.15 units

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 24

 𝐴𝐶 10.3
(AC = AB + BC = 9.3 + 1=10.3. Therefore OC = 2
= 2
= 5.15 ).

• Draw a line perpendicular at B and draw an arc with centre B and let meet at semicircle
AC at D

• BE = BD = 9.3 (Radius of an arc DE).

Question 5. Rationalize the denominators of the following:

1
i. .
7
1
ii.
7 6
1
iii.
5 2
1
iv.
7 2

Solution 5:
1
(i)
7
Multiply and divide by 7,
1 7 7
 
7 7 7

1
(ii)
7 6

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 25

Multiply and divide by 7 6
We get,
1 7 6 7 6
 
7 6 7  6 ( 7  6)( 7  6)
Using (a – b)(a + b) = a2– b2 in the denominator
1 7 6

7  6 ( 7)2  ( 6)2
7 6

76
7 6

1

1
(iii)
5 2
Multiply and divide by 5  2 We get,
1 5 2 5 2
 
5 2 5  2 ( 5  2)( 5  2)

Using identity (a – b)(a + b) = a2– b2 in the denominator

1 5 2

5  2 ( 5)2  ( 2)2
5 2

52
5 2

3

1
(iv)
7 2

Multiply and divide by 7  2 . we get,

1 7 2 7 2
 
7 2 7  2 ( 7  2)( 7  2)

Using identity (a – b)(a + b) = a2– b2 in the denominator

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 26

 1 7 2

7  2 ( 7)2  (2)2
7 2

74
7 2

3

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 27

 Exercise (1.6)

Question 1:
Find:
1
(i) 64 2
1
(ii) 32 5

1
(iii) 1253

Solution 1 :
1
(i) 64 2

m
a n  n a m , where a > 0.

1
64 = 2 2
64  2 8  8  8
1
Therefore, the value of 64 2 is 8.

1
(ii) 32 5

m
a n  n a m , where a > 0

1
32 5 = 5
32  5 2  2  2  2  2  2

Alternatively :
Using (am )n  amn

1 1
32  (2  2  2  2  2)
5 5

1
 (2 ) 5 5

1
5
2 5

2
1
Therefore, the value of 32 5 is 2.

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 28

 1
(iii) 1253

m
a  n a m , where a > 0.
n

1
1253 = 3 125  3 5  5  5  5

1
Therefore, the value of 1253 is 5.

Question 2:
Find:
3
(i) 9 2
2
(ii) 32 5

3
(iii) 16 4
1
(iv) 125 3

Solution 2:
3
(i) 9 2
m
We know that a  n a m , where a > 0.
n

3
We conclude that 9 2 can also be written as

2
(9)3  2 9  9  9
 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
 3 3 3  27

Alternatively :
Using (am )n  amn

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 29

 3 3
9 2  (3  3) 2
3
 (32 ) 2
3
2
3 2

 33  27
3
Therefore, the value of 9 will be 27. 2

2
(ii) 32 5
m
We know that a n  n a m , where a > 0.
2
We conclude that 32 can also be written as
5

5
(32)2  5 (2  2  2  2  2)  2  2  2  2  2)
 2 2
4
2
Therefore, the value of 32 will be 4. 5

3
(iii) 16 4
m
We know that a n  n a m , where a > 0.
3
We conclude that 16 can also be written as
4

4
(16)3  5 (2  2  2  2)  (2  2  2  2)  (2  2  2  2)
 2 2 2
8
3
Therefore, the value of 16 will be 8. 4

Alternatively :
Using (am )n  amn

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 30

 3 3
16 4  (4  4) 4
3
 (42 ) 4
3
2
 (4) 4

3
2
 (22 ) 4

3
22
2 4
 23  8

1
(iv) 125 3

1
We know that a  n 
an
1
1
1  1 3
We conclude that 125 can also be written as
3 or  
 125 
1
3
125
1
We know that a  n a , where a > 0. n

1
 1 3
We conclude that   can also be written as
 125 
 1  3 1 1 1 1
3
     
 125  5 5 5 5
1
1
Therefore, the value of 125 3 will be .
5

Question 3:
Simplify:
2 1
(i) 2 3  25
7
 1
(ii)  33 
 
1
112
(iii) 1
114
1 1
(iv) 7  82 2

Solution 3:

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 31

 2 1
(i) 2  2 3 5

We know that am  an  amn

2 1 2 1

We can conclude that 2 3  25  (2) 3 5

2 1 103 13
2 3  25  (2) 15
 215
2 1 13
Therefore, the value of 2 3  25 will be 215 .

7
 13 
3 
(ii)  

We know that (am )n  amn

7
 13   73 
We conclude that  3  can also be written as  3  .
   

1
112
(iii) 1
4
11
am
We know that n
 amn
a
We conclude that
1
1 1 2 1 1
112 
1
 112 4
 11 4  114
4
11

1
2 1
11
Therefore, the value of 1
will be 11 . 4

4
11

1 1
(iv) 7 2  82
We know that am ×bm = (a ×b)m.
1 1 1
We can conclude that 7 2  82  (7  8) 2
1 1 1
7 2  82  (56) 2
1 1 1
Therefore, the value of 7 2  82 will be (56) 2 .

1. Number Systems www.vedantu.com 32

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 for downloading the PDF Solution

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