EXERCISE-01
MULTIPLE‐CHOICE, CHOOSE SINGLE ANSWER
1. In a new study that compares Fortune 100 executives in 1980 with their counterparts in 2001, Peter
Capelli and Monika Hamori have documented what business people have no doubt already witnessed:
The road to the executive suite and the characteristics of the executives who get there have changed
significantly over the last two decades. To summarize: Today’s executives are younger, more likely to be
female, and less likely to have Ivy League educations. They make their way to the executive suite faster
than ever before (about four years faster than their counterparts in 1980) and they hold fewer jobs
along the way. They spend about five years less in their current organization before being promoted and
are more likely to be hired from the outside. What’s more, the Organization Man, the lifelong corporate
employee who worked his way faithfully and slowly up the executive ladder, appears to be headed out
the door – increasingly nudged, apparently, by women. “From the 1950s through the 1970s, American
executives looked a lot alike,” write Capelli and Hamori. “They tended to be model organization men,
who stuck faithfully with the companies that first hired them and they climbed methodically up the
corporate ladder until, at last, they retired. The dominant notion during that time was that a business
career ran its course inside a corporation.”
Which of the following cannot be attributed as a characteristic of the Organization Men as brought
out in the passage?
A. They joined and retired from the same company
B. They were of the firm opinion that their entire career was confined to one company
C. They were mostly women
D. Their promotions were slower as compared to contemporary executives
E. As compared to the present executives in the same stage, they were much older
2. What differentiates a winning company from an also‐ran? For many analysts and investors, the answer
involves technology, which increasingly permeates every step of a business’s operations. But a
company’s ability to understand its customers’ philosophical outlook may be as vital to its success as
R&D and other efforts. Technology is no longer an exclusive focus of companies like IBM or Microsoft,
instead, technology is also on its way to becoming the core‐asset of consumer goods companies like
Wal‐Mart and, in fact, of any company. But this brings us to a metaphysical question: What is the
meaning of technology? For example, a personal computer can be regarded as a communication tool by
a business executive, as an educational tool by a teacher and as a toy by a child. Different meanings to
a given technology can co‐exist, or replace one another sequentially. As more companies operate in a
global environment, they will need to do more than simply ask whether the technological state‐of‐the
art enables the development of a given product. They will instead have to consider what technology
means to each segment of the market and accordingly, how to position the technology‐based product.
Although it’s a given fact that technological assets can determine the progress of an individual, a
company or even a nation, the decision to embrace or to reject technology is itself deeply affected by
abstract ideas that are embedded in an individual’s (or a nation’s) general life philosophy.
The crux of the issue being discussed by the passage is best described by which of the following?
A. The meaning of technology
B. Technology and philosophy
C. Role of technology in the success of a company
D. The philosophy of the use of technology
E. Technology used in developing a product
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3. There is merit then, in the suggestion that Europeans saw air flight as a threat to the established social
order. If people could fly, what would become of state sovereignty? The socially structured Europe
couldn’t bear this thought. It took a couple of American boys, living in an unstructured frontier society,
to shed an unyielding philosophy that blocked a technological leap and they introduced powered flight
to the world. That kind of missed opportunity could still occur today in an increasingly global economy.
The decision to introduce an invention involves a lot of work on many dimensions, including an
examination of the market’s belief system. In the US, for example, the acceptance of genetically
modified foods is much greater than it is in the European Union. Innovators as well as users of
technology often ignore or even deny the technology‐metaphysics link. While the art of marketing does
make some room for customers’ abstract conceptions, the art of engineering does not. It is generally
assumed that the application of science to real‐life needs is driven by tangible forces or, at best, by social
structures and processes. But the history of technology, early and modern, tells a different story, which
holds important lessons for the future.
The information provided in the passage makes it apparent that
A. Americans lived in a society that was better organized than the European society
B. the philosophy of consumers is not related to the success of any inventions
C. technology and philosophy are not concomitant
D. the social structure in America was not as organized as that in Europe
E. technological inventions cannot be determined by social structures
4. Telecom infrastructure is the key to the growth of IT software and services marketplace and a segment
that has attracted the attention of Nasscom and the software sector for the past few years. Nasscom
has in fact been lobbying with the Government to create a world‐class, international level telecom
network to facilitate the process of software exports from the country. With the software development
delivery model increasingly moving towards outsourcing and offshore services, a robust and reliable
telecom infrastructure has become a priority. Issues such as telephone density are important for
enhancing Internet saturation in the country, which in turn will spur the growth of domestic software
and services market as well as industry segments such as e‐commerce. The Government has already
taken substantial steps to deregulate the telecom environment since 1993. Initiatives such as liberalizing
the Internet environment through the introduction of the ISP policy have been some moves in this
direction. Yet, our telecom infrastructure lags behind other Asia Pacific nations such as China, Singapore,
among others that boast higher telephone, Internet saturation and world class telecom infrastructure
in terms of bandwidth availability, etc., which are so important for domestic IT market proliferation and
software exports.
Which of the following has not been highlighted as a necessity for propagation and enhancement of
IT services in the country?
A. Telecom Infrastructure
B. Internet saturation
C. Bandwidth availability
D. Software exports
E. Telephone density
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5. It seems there have been many Alexander the Greats ‐ as many as there have been serious students of
him as man, hero or God. There are two main reasons for this, multiplicity and plasticity. First, and more
poetically, the great leader's achievements ‐ both in his lifetime and posthumously (the Alexander myth
or legend) ‐ are simply staggering. Second, the original narrative sources that survive for Alexander are
mostly either very non‐contemporary or very skewed by partisanship ‐ pro or con, or both. In the past
there have been those who saw him as essentially reasonable and gentlemanly, or dynamic and titanic,
or Homerically heroic. But the recent trend has been decidedly negative, emphasizing variously his
conquering bloodlust, his megalomania, or alleged alcoholism. Here I hope not to err on the side of
gratuitous mudslinging, in my search for clues to the mainsprings of Alexander's character. But I do lay
stress on his grand passion for hunting game ‐ human as well as animal and the bigger and more
dangerous the better. Such macho feats offered him the chance to enhance his standing in the eyes of
his subjects, as well as to ensure an impressive reputation into posterity.
Which of the following contradicts the image of Alexander as painted by the author?
A. He was courteous and energetic
B. He had an obsession for doing extravagant things
C. He was driven by the zeal for conquest at the price of bloodshed
D. He was an avid hunter
E. He found hunting to be a repugnant game
6. By contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical
perspective. Any scientific theory might be disproved tomorrow, thereby demoting the theorist’s
contribution to the status of historical footnote. Or the theory might withstand centuries of rigorous
scientific scrutiny. In any event, a theory may or may not serve as a springboard for later advances in
theoretical science. A current example involves the ultimate significance of two opposing theories of
physics: wave theory and quantum theory. Some theorists now claim that a new so‐called “string”
theory reconciles the two opposing theories, at least mathematically. Yet “strings” have yet to be
confirmed empirically. Only time will tell whether string theory indeed provides the uniting laws that all
matter in the universe obeys. In short, the significance of contributions made by theoretical scientists
cannot be judged by their contemporaries, but only by scientists who follow them. In the realm of
business, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not. In
sum, there have been many great individuals, particularly in the arts and in business, whose
achievements were broadly recognized as great even during their own time.
Based on the contents of the passage, it would be justified to conclude that the string theory
A. is still in a hypothetical stage
B. can be recognised as a great work of art only with the passage of time
C. can be validated only by those scientists who have postulated the theory
D. is of no consequence in Physics as of now
E. has been verified practically
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7. Martin Luther King's active career extended from 1957 to 1968. During this brief career he led numerous
protest demonstrations in the South as well as in the North of the USA. He challenged the moral
complacency of America and fought for the rights of the Negroes. He hated the eye‐for‐an‐eye method
like Gandhiji and fought with the weapon of non‐violence ‐ "a weapon", said King, "that cuts without
wounding and ennobles the man who wields it. It is a sword that heals." And he raised a vast army. It
was an army that would move but not maul. It was an army to storm bastions of hatred, to lay siege to
the fortress of segregation, to surround symbols of discrimination. It was an army whose allegiance was
to God and whose strategy and intelligence were the eloquently simple dictates of conscience. His creed
of nonviolence was criticized and challenged by 'Black Power' militants who would not renounce the use
of violence to achieve their goals. Nevertheless, his faith in non‐violence never wavered.
The agenda of Martin Luther King's army was to
A. Maul while moving.
B. To remove hatred, segregation and discrimination from the society through non‐violent moves.
C. Use swords to achieve their goals.
D. Use violent methods to fight their causes.
E. Make an army that fought using swords.
8. One of the earliest clues to this aspect of Alexander's character is an image ‐ thought to be probably of
Alexander‐painted in fresco which depicts hunting scenes and it is natural to identify the central figure
as a young Alexander engaged, with his father, in what we know to have been one of Alexander's favorite
pastimes. Except that to call it a "pastime" may give a misleading impression, since hunting in Macedonia
was actually an important culturally coded marker of social and political status. In Macedonia, you did
not become fully a man until you had passed the key manhood test of hunting and killing, without a net,
one of the ferocious wild boar that roamed the heights of upper Macedonia. Only then could you recline,
as opposed to sit, when participating in the daily ritual of the symposium. This was the regular evening
drinking party, at which and through which the Macedonian elite celebrated together and mutually
confirmed their elevated social and political status. Another kind of hunting, the killing of an enemy in
battle, entitled a Macedonian to wear a special kind of belt, as a visual reminder of his attainment.
Alexander had passed both those tests triumphantly by the age of 16, when his father thought him
already sufficiently mature to act as regent of Macedonia. In 336 Alexander became king not only of
Macedonia, but also of most of mainland Greece. He inherited the mantle of his late father, as leader of
a Hellenic expedition of holy revenge and liberation against the once mighty Persian Empire. During the
11 years of his almost non‐stop campaigning in Asia, periods of rest and recreation were infrequent as
he strove to achieve his ambitious aims, to the undoubted chagrin of his officers and troops; but one of
his favorite means of relaxation was hunting.
According to the author, Alexander was the king of Macedonia
A. and his men had faith in him and they followed him with dedication
B. but he invoked the displeasure of his troops when he hunted instead of resting
C. but his army followed him with dissatisfaction and frustration
D. and he had the undoubted loyalty of his officers and troops
E. after he had proved his worth in the campaigning in Asia
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9. The jobs do not get changed around from time to time. Started off on one of the nicer ones, I sat at a
conveyor belt slipping a piece of cardboard under each cake as it came down the line. The thirst was
difficult to keep up. An uneconomic movement, a fumble and four cakes have gone without cards. I got
up to chase the four cakes, eight more appeared and for five minutes or so I had to work at twice the
speed to work my way back to where I was sitting before. But it takes half a day or so to learn how it's
done and soon it becomes quite automatic. The frenzy had quite worn off by the end of the first day and
then there was only the monotony and the aching arms. Later I moved to another job on the line, as the
girl who usually did it had left. I wasn't surprised. It was the nastiest job in that department. As the cake
came out of a machine that had sliced it in three layers, two streams of artificial cream were poured
over the layers. I had to stack the layers up again, a messy and very tiring job. The cakes are heavy and
the cream is slippery. Anyone who has worked at all in a factory knows how deathly conveyor belt work
is. At first it is difficult to keep up and when you're tired it is quite merciless. After a while, when you
have become fairly used to it, the fact that you can't work faster is also infuriating.
The first day's frenzy was ascended by
A. Drowsiness, body ache and fatigue.
B. The feeling of being overjoyed and excited.
C. The feeling of satisfaction.
D. A sense of monotony and ache in the arms.
E. Happiness at being employed.
10. Throughout his life Alexander was exceptionally preoccupied with his image, both literally and
metaphorically. One of his non‐Greek protéegées appreciated this very well and had himself buried in a
stone coffin, now in the Archaeological Museum, Istanbul, adorned with images showing Alexander
hunting either a human or animal prey. The strikingly well‐preserved artifact is known as the
"Alexander's Sarcophagus", for the good reason that on one long side a figure unambiguously meant to
be Alexander is depicted on horseback, in vigorous and deadly combat against a Persian. Alexander
himself died at Babylon in June 323 BC, at the age of only 32. The circumstances of his death are almost
as unclear as those of his father, though it probably smacks too much of the historical novel on the
subject to suggest that Alexander was assassinated, possibly by poison. Rather, he is most likely to have
caught a deadly fever, probably malarial, after years of pushing himself beyond reasonable limits. His
passing was greeted very differently in different parts of his vastly enlarged empire. The traditional
enemies of Macedon in Greece were thrilled to bits, whereas those Greeks and non‐Greeks who had
gladly worshipped him as a living God felt genuinely bereft. Whatever is thought of his lifetime
achievements, there is no questioning the impact of his posthumous fame.
Which of the following best describes the person who is buried in the coffin known as the "Alexander
Sarcophagus"?
A. He was not Greek but he still was in Alexander's army
B. He was exceptionally intelligent
C. His coffin has images of Alexander engraved on it
D. He understood Alexander's penchant for hunting
E. He was under the patronage of Alexander
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