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Chapter 8 Study Guide

The document provides information on networking topics including Ethernet, designing a network, documentation for network design, wiring closet specifications, cabling, electrical systems, and power protection. It discusses Ethernet topology and common types, steps in network design, standards for pathways and spaces, determining wiring closet needs, media for backbones, connecting wiring closets, electrical concepts like AC/DC and grounds, and solutions for power disturbances like surge suppressors and UPS systems.

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revilo30
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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74 views

Chapter 8 Study Guide

The document provides information on networking topics including Ethernet, designing a network, documentation for network design, wiring closet specifications, cabling, electrical systems, and power protection. It discusses Ethernet topology and common types, steps in network design, standards for pathways and spaces, determining wiring closet needs, media for backbones, connecting wiring closets, electrical concepts like AC/DC and grounds, and solutions for power disturbances like surge suppressors and UPS systems.

Uploaded by

revilo30
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8 Study Guide

Ethernet:
• Has a logical bus topology
• Leads to collision domains
• Uses segmentation
• Most common medium is cat 5
• Most common physical topology is extended star

2 common types of Ethernet are:


• 10Bast-T
• 100Base-TX (fast Ethernet)

Steps in designing a network:


1. Gather information about the organization
a. Organization history and current status
b. Projected growth
c. Operating policies and management procedures
d. Office system and procedures
e. Viewpoints of people who will use the LAN
2. Make detailed analysis and assessment of current and projected requirements
3. Identify the resources and constraints of the organization
a. Computer and hardware resources
b. Human resources

Design Process Includes:


1. Designer – person doing the design
2. Client – person requesting the design
3. User(s) – person(s) using the product
4. Brainstorming – generating creative ideas for the designs
5. Specifications development – how well design will work
6. Building and testing – make sure design meets objectives and standards

Documentation that should be created when designing a network:


1. Engineering Journal – states users needs and preliminary sketches
2. Logical topology – how does data flow? What is location of key networking devices?
3. Physical topology – how network is actually wired
4. Cut Sheet – wiring closet location, where hubs and repeaters might go
5. Problem solving matrices – create a matrix every time there is a choice with several
options to be made
6. Labeled outlets
7. Labeled cable runs
8. Summary of outlets and cable runs in either a database or spreadsheet
9. Summary of devices with MAC and IP addresses
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A standard for telecommunications pathways and spaces:
1. Horizontal pathways
2. Backbone pathways
3. Work areas
4. Telecommunication closet (MDF)
5. Equipment room
6. Main Terminal Space
7. Entrance Facility

1st step in locating a wiring closet is reviewing floor plans and looking at all devices that will be
used

Wiring closet specifications – TIA/EIA 568-A:


• Horizontal cabling runs must be attached to a central point (wiring closet) in a star
topology
• Patch panel and hub must be in wiring closet
• Each floor must have one wiring closet
• Floors should be tiled or finished in some way
• Additional wiring closets needed for each 1000m2 floor area (called catchments area) or
when horizontal cabling distance exceeds 90m
• Must be secure from unauthorized access
• Must meet building and safety codes
• Any wall or ceiling openings provided for conduits or sleeved cores must be sealed with
smoke and fire retardant material
• Must satisfy environmental requirements:
o Power supply
o Heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC) issues:
 Maintaining 210 C
 30-50% humidity
• Try not to use florescent lighting because they cause outside interference
• Closet should lock from outside but always exit able from inside
• Interior walls on which equipment is to be mounted should be covered with 1.9 cm
plywood that is raised away from the underlying wall a minimum of 4.4 cm

A minimum of two telecommunications outlets is required for each individual work area

To determine how many wiring closets are needed; draw circles with 50m radiuses on your floor
plan

If 100m catchments area of a simple star topology-wiring closet cannot provide enough coverage
for all devices, use repeaters to extend the topology

In a high-rise building, the MDF is located in one of the middle floors


Should use backbone cabling (vertical cabling) to connect MDF to IDF’s and POP’s

4 types of media used for backbone cabling (TIA/EIA 568-A standard)


1. 100 ohm UTP (four-pair)
2. 150 ohm STP-A (two pair)
3. 62.5/125 ohm multimode optical fiber – most common
4. Single-mode optical fiber – max distance 3000m if used to connect HCC to MCC

Use extended star topology when more than one wiring closet is required

2 ways an IDF can be connected to the MDF:


1. IDF can be connected directly to the MDF (IDF is referred to as the horizontal cross-
connect (HCC) and the MDF is called the main cross-connect (MCC))
2. “First” IDF connects to “second” IDF, which is then connected to MDF. IDF, which
connects work areas, is called the HCC. IDF which connects HCC to MDF is called
intermediate cross-connect (ICC)

DC flows at a constant value when circuits are turned on

AC:
• Rises and falls in current values as it is manufactured by power companies
• Adds unwanted voltage to the desired signal

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD):


• Is most damaging and uncontrollable form of electricity
• Can destroy semiconductors and data
• Solution that can help solve ESD problems is good grounding

AC and DC electrical systems; flow of electrons is always from negative charged source to a
positive charged source.

Purpose of connecting the safety ground to exposed metal parts of the computing equipment is to
prevent metal parts from becoming energized with hazardous voltage resulting from a wiring
fault inside the device.

Large building require more than one earth ground

Earth grounds between building and same buildings can have different voltages causing
hazardous shocks

If you have too objects with different voltages and touch them at the same time you will
complete the circuit and get a shock

One Hand Rule – you should not use more than one hand at a time to touch any electrical device
and the second hand should remain in your pocket so current won’t flow through the heart.
There should be no voltage difference between the networking media and the chassis of a
networking device if IEEE standards were met.

Use fiber-optic cable as the backbone when cabling multiple buildings because it eliminates the
problems of different grounds

Using copper as a backbone cable provides a pathway for lightening strikes to enter a building

Problems that occur in cable are labeled according to the particular wire(s) that are affected:
1. If the problem is between the hot and neutral wire – this is called normal made problem.
This doesn’t usually affect the computer
2. If the problem is between either the hot or neutral, with safety ground – this is called
common made problem. This problem goes directly to the computer chassis and affects
the computer. This can damage data signals.

Unwanted voltage is called power disturbances:


1. Surge – a volt increases 100% of the normal bolt carried by power lines. This type of
disturbance is responsible for most computer damage
2. Sag/Brownout – volts on power lines fall below 80% of normal volts. Sag is a brownout
that lasts less than a second. Caused by overloaded circuits. Can be caused intentionally
by power companies
3. Spike – an impulse that produces a bolt overload on the power line. Lasts between .5 and
100 microseconds. Occurs when power line has been momentarily struck with a
powerful hit of at least 240 volts

Oscillations – referred to as harmonics or noise. When excessively long electrical wiring runs
creates an antenna effect. To prevent this problem is to rewire

Most common cause of surges and spikes is lightening strikes. Other causes are utility switching
operations and when heavy equipment within the building cycle on and off (i.e. elevators,
photocopiers, air conditioners)

Consequences of surges and spikes:


• Lockups
• Loss of memory
• Problems in retrieving data
• Altered data
• Garbling

Surge suppressors are a solution to surges and spikes they divert them to the ground

Use surge suppressors on all networking devices

Consider the phone line a part of the network


Sags and Brownouts can cause the directory, all subdirectories, and files along its path, to be lost

Use a UPS to protect against sags and brownouts

UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) components:


1. Inverter – converts DC to AC
2. Battery Charger – maintains batteries condition
3. Batteries – bigger the better

Types of UPS
1. Continuous UPS – device is always running off the battery
2. Switched UPS – when voltage drops, UPS switches to battery power

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