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    System Requirements Review System Requirements Review

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    Zed Do
    This document provides an overview of the Pegasus Aerospace system requirements review. It outlines the aircraft capabilities including non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San Diego, CA with 30-40 passengers. It details the concept of operations including flight times, maximum takeoff weight, and fuel capacity. It describes the daily routine including pre-flight checks, passenger loading, and post-flight maintenance. It shows the requirement flow down and priority levels. It provides a competitive assessment and compares Pegasus Aerospace to other aircraft manufacturers. Finally, it presents the business case including target market, customers, and price-performance relations.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    System Requirements Review System Requirements Review

    Uploaded by

    Zed Do
    73 views38 pages
    This document provides an overview of the Pegasus Aerospace system requirements review. It outlines the aircraft capabilities including non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San Diego, CA with 30-40 passengers. It details the concept of operations including flight times, maximum takeoff weight, and fuel capacity. It describes the daily routine including pre-flight checks, passenger loading, and post-flight maintenance. It shows the requirement flow down and priority levels. It provides a competitive assessment and compares Pegasus Aerospace to other aircraft manufacturers. Finally, it presents the business case including target market, customers, and price-performance relations.

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    This document provides an overview of the Pegasus Aerospace system requirements review. It outlines the aircraft capabilities including non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San Diego, CA with 30-40 passengers. It details the concept of operations including flight times, maximum takeoff weight, and fuel capacity. It describes the daily routine including pre-flight checks, passenger loading, and post-flight maintenance. It shows the requirement flow down and priority levels. It provides a competitive assessment and compares Pegasus Aerospace to other aircraft manufacturers. Finally, it presents the business case including target market, customers, and price-performance relations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views38 pages

    System Requirements Review System Requirements Review

    Uploaded by

    Zed Do
    This document provides an overview of the Pegasus Aerospace system requirements review. It outlines the aircraft capabilities including non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San Diego, CA with 30-40 passengers. It details the concept of operations including flight times, maximum takeoff weight, and fuel capacity. It describes the daily routine including pre-flight checks, passenger loading, and post-flight maintenance. It shows the requirement flow down and priority levels. It provides a competitive assessment and compares Pegasus Aerospace to other aircraft manufacturers. Finally, it presents the business case including target market, customers, and price-performance relations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 38

    Pegasus

    Aerospace
    System Requirements Review
    Zach Lovering
    Tony Cao
    Roman Sherbak
    James Frechman
    Manuel Sequerra
    Aircraft Capabilities
     Non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San
    Diego, CA
     30 passengers for comfort and luxury
     40 passenger economy
     Cruise speed of Mach 0.8 (559 kt)
     Cruise alt 35000 ft.
     Range of 3000 miles
    ConOps
     Travel to Bangor ME. ~ 5 hours 4 min.
     Travel to San Diego CA. ~ 5 hours 30 min.
     6 hours of fuel available.
     MTOW ~ 52921lbs
     Uninstalled capable thrust ~ 17200 lbs.
    using 2 Rolls-Royce AE3007 engines
     39786 lbs of fuel
    Daily Routine
     2-3 flights in 24 hr. period

     Pre-flight monitoring aircraft condition

     Loading of passengers via stairway

     Loading of luggage in the undercarriage


    Daily Routine
     In flight services
     2 pilots, 2 flight attendants
     Meal services
     Entertainment
     Lavatories

     Post flight maintenance and checks


     Refueling for next flight
    Requirement Flow Down
     Top level requirements

     Derived requirements

     Priority
    Priority

     Priority is determined by the effects the


    requirements have on the plane.

     All Top Level Requirements have more priority


    to the overall design than anything else.
    30 PAX
    Highest priority

    Derived Requirements
     Defines payload weight
     Defines crew members needed
     Affects fuselage size

    Airplane components affected:


    Fuselage size and layout
     Payload weight
    Non-Stop Flight KSAN to KBGR
    Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
     Defines range  Fuel tanks
     Fuel weight  Engines
     Wings

    Balanced Field Length < 7000 ft


    Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
     Lift (Also based on Weight  Wing Size
    from previous two reqs)  Airfoil Selection
     CLmin
     Takeoff Parameter
    Cruise at M = 0.7
    Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
     Thrust Required  Engines
     Engine Type  Fuel Consumption

    Cruise > 30 Kft


    Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
     Weather Conditions  Cabin Temperature
     Atmospheric Forces  Cabin Pressure
    FAR Part 25
    Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
     Safety Factors  All Strength Components
     Passenger Amenities  Passenger Compartment

    Additional Requirements
    Crosswind Landing
     Affects Tail sizing
     Icing management
     Passenger luxuries
     Pilot luxuries
    Top Level Requirements Derived Requirements Priority

    Fuselage Size Cabin Layout / High


    Engine Selection
    30 Passengers Minimum crew

    Payload weight
    Total Weight
    Fuel weight
    Non-stop flight from
    Bangor to San Diego
    Defines Range

    Take off parameter


    BFL < 7000 ft.
    Required Lift
    Wing Size / Airfoil
    Selection
    CL for takeoff

    Thrust required
    Cruise at minimum M
    = 0.7 Engine type Fuel Consumption

    Atmospheric Forces
    Plane temp / pressure
    Cruise no lower than
    30kft Weather Conditions

    Safety Requirements Safety Factors


    FAR Part 25
    Passenger Comforts Low

    Additional Requirements

    Crosswind Landing Tail Size


    Competitive Assessment
     Our Competitors
     Bombardier
     Gulfstream
     Dessault Falcon
     Sabreliner
     Embraer
     Boeing
    Competitive Assessment
     Embraer ERJ 135 and EMB 140
     Capacity of37 – 45 passengers
     Range around 2,000 miles
     Dessault Falcon 50 and 900
     Capacity of
    5 – 10 passengers
     Range of more than 5,000 miles
     Boeing 737
     Range of 4,000 to 6,000 miles
     Capacity between 45 – 200 passengers
    Competitive Assessment
     What our Competitors Offer
     Can fly across country
     Can hold at least 30 passengers
     Integrate into most airports

     What our Competitors Cannot Offer


     Cannot meet all 3 at the same time
    Competitive Assessment
     What Pegasus Aerospace Can Do
     Can go cross country with less passengers
     Integrate into all airports, big or small
     Business class seating
     Reach consumers that other companies do not
    branch out to
    Business Case
     Market Size
     Location of Consumer
     Primary North America
     Extend out to Europe and other global countries

     Plan to build 20 – 30 planes a year


    Business Case
     Target Customers
     Long-Range Airliners
     Delta, American Airlines, Continental, and Northwest
     Have planes that hold 100 passengers

     Have dependable consumers


    Business Case
     Market Size
     Regional Airliners
     Ones capable of flying low capacity airplanes
     Lack range in airplanes

     Fly into smaller airport environments


    Business Case
     Price-Performance Relations
     125 planes
     2 FTA
     Empty Weight of 13135 pounds
     Development cost (DAPCA IV and Raymer)
     $36 million
     No furnishings
    Business Case
     Target Selling Price
     $37 - $42 million
     Depends on airline furnishings and technology
     Price range of planes in the market with ideal range
    and/or passenger capacity is between $25 and $80
    million dollars
     More expensive than Embraer ERJ 140 but cheaper than
    Boeing 737
    Team “Experts”
    CONTROLS
    (Tony Cao)
    AERODYNAMICS
    BUSINESS
    (James Frechman)
    (Manny Sequerra)

    WEIGHTS
    STRUCTURES (Team)
    (Zach Lovering) PROPULSION
    (Roman Sherbak)
    Iterative Approach •SFC match
    •Number of engines
    •Passenger weight •Engine placement
    •Crew weight •BFL
    •KSAN to KBGR
    Wing Geometry
    •Altitude
    • Historical Data
    • Jet Cruise W/S Estimation
    • Lift Capability
    • High Lift Devices
    Engine Selection
    Weight Calculation
    •Vortex lattice lift estimate • Available Fuel
    • Breguet Range Equation
    •Enough lift for weight • T/W Estimation
    • Piecewise Range Equation
    •Drag estimates • Configuration
    • General Buildup
    •BFL • Thrust Capability
    • Component Buildup
    • Efficiency (SFC)

    •Crosswind capability
    •FAR 25 safety requirements
    •Passenger capacity •Engine-out safety

    Tail Geometry
    Fuselage Sizing
    • Historical Data
    • Passenger Amenities
    • Engine-out Safety
    • Layout
    • Crosswind Capability
    • Length
    • Stability Analysis
    Weights
    Guidelines:
    • Low end of passenger weight defined by requirements
    • Minimum crew size defined by FAR 25
    • Fuel weight is affected by range and engine selection
    • Avionics weight is affected by requirements
    Assumptions:
    • SFC
    • Range
    • Crew, payload, avionics weight
    • L/D
    Wing Geometry
    120.0
     Wing Loading: Historical vs. Maximum Jet Range
    100.0
    W πAeC D0
    Wing Loading (lb/ft^3)

    =q
    80.0 S 3
    60.0 W 1 π 8(0.8)(.0150)
    (
    = (.000678) 774.48 2
    S 2
    ) 3
    40.0
    y = 0.0004x + 52.49
    W lb
    20.0 = 64.5 2
    S ft
    0.0
    0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
    W0 (lb)

    12.00

     Flight conditions: M>0.7, FL>300


    10.00
    AR=8 λ=0.25
    8.00

    Croot=15.55’ Ctip=3.89’
    AR

    6.00

    4.00

    ΛLE=30º Λc/4=27º
    2.00

    0.00
    0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
    W0 (lb)
    Wing Geometry
    Engine Selection
    T/W: Historical data suggest 0.32

    0.600

    0.500

    0.400

    T/W0
    0.300

    0.200

    0.100

    0.000
    0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
    W0 (lb)

    Figure 5: GE CF34-3 Figure 6: Rolls-Royce AE3007


    Thrust: 9220 lb Thrust: 8920 lb

    SFC: 0.69 SFC: 0.63

    Weight: 1650 lb Weight: 1586 lb

    BPR: 6.2 BPR: 4.8


    Engine Placement

     Landing Gear Weight


     Structural Weight
     Engine-out Safety
     Maintenance
     Noise
     Interference
     Aesthetics
    Tail Geometry
    Vertical Tail Sizing
     Engine-out moment
     Crosswind Control*

    Horizontal Tail Sizing


     T-tail Configuration
     CtipVT≈CrootHT
    Fuselage Sizing
     30 Passengers
     Seating
     Headroom
     4 Crew
     Amenities
     Safety
     Luggage Volume (22”x14”x9”)
    Reality Check
    Was BFL
    Wing
    •L/D
    met?
    •W/S
    •CD

    Fuselage Engine
    •Capacity •T/W
    Weights
    •Crew •Total Thrust
    •Luggage •SFC

    Tail
    •Stability
    •Controls Engine-out
    safety?
    Planning
     Things that needs to be done
     1) Define risk reduction experiment (due
    next Tuesday)
     2) Status report #2 (due next Thursday)
     3) Trade studies
     4) Finalize external dimension
    Task & RE List

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