0% found this document useful (0 votes)
62 views5 pages

Solutions: Gate Ec by RK Kanodia

This document discusses the continuous-time Fourier series and solutions to related problems. It provides examples of periodic functions and calculates their Fourier series coefficients. The key points are: 1) The continuous-time Fourier series represents a periodic function as the sum of sinusoids with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. 2) The Fourier series coefficients are calculated by taking the integral of the function over one period, multiplied by the complex exponential of the angular frequency. 3) Examples show calculating the Fourier series for simple periodic functions, such as square waves and triangular waves, to express them as a sum of sinusoids.

Uploaded by

cycas green
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
62 views5 pages

Solutions: Gate Ec by RK Kanodia

This document discusses the continuous-time Fourier series and solutions to related problems. It provides examples of periodic functions and calculates their Fourier series coefficients. The key points are: 1) The continuous-time Fourier series represents a periodic function as the sum of sinusoids with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. 2) The Fourier series coefficients are calculated by taking the integral of the function over one period, multiplied by the complex exponential of the angular frequency. 3) Examples show calculating the Fourier series for simple periodic functions, such as square waves and triangular waves, to express them as a sum of sinusoids.

Uploaded by

cycas green
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

The Continuous-Time Fourier Series GATE EC BY RK Kanodia Chap 5.


9. (D) x( t) � � X [ k]e j�kt

SOLUTIONS �
k � ��

� j� �
� j j � j
� 2e 4
e j ( �4 ) �t � e 4 e j ( �3) �t � e 4
e j ( 3) �t � 2 e 4 e j (4 )�t

1
T 2
A � 2( e � j ( 4 �t � � 4 ) � e j ( 4 �t � � 4 ) ) � ( e � j ( 3�t � � 4 ) � e j ( 3�t � � 4 ) )
� A�( t) e � dt �
� jk� t
1. (D) X [ k] � ,
T �T 2 T � 4 cos ( 4 �t � � 4) � 2 cos( 3�t � � 4)

A � 10 , T � 5, X [ k] � 2
10. (A) X [ k] � e � j 2 �k , �4 � k � 4
4 4
sin 9 �t
1
T 2
1
T 4
x( t) � �e � j 2 �k
e j�kt � �e � j 2 �k ( t �1 )

� x( t) e � dt � � Ae � dt
� jk� t � jk� t
2. (C) X [ k] � k � �4 k � �4 sin �t
T �T 2 T �T 4

T
11. (D) X [ k] �|k|, � 3 � k � 3
A � e � jk� � t � 4 A � �k �
� � � � sin� � �
T � � jk�� � � T �k
4
� 2 � x( t) � � X [ k]e
k � ��
j�kt

� 3e j ( �3) �t � 2 e j ( �2 ) �t � e j ( �1 ) �t � e j (1 ) �t � 2 e j ( 2 ) �t � 3e j ( 3) �t
� 4�
� A, 0�t� � 6 cos 3�t � 4 cos 2 �t � 2 cos �t
2� 3
3. (B) T � 2� , �� � � 1, x( t) � �
2� �0, 4�
< t < 2� 12. (A) x( t � t� ) is also periodic with T. The Fourier
� 3
� 4 �k � series coefficients X1 [ k] of x( t � t� ) are
jA � � �
2� 4� 3 j �� ��
1 1
� x( t) e dt � �
� jkt
X [ k] � Ae � jkt dt � �e � 3 �
� 1� 1 e� j k� � t�

� x( t � t� ) e � � x( �) e
jk� �t � jk� ��
2� 0 2� 0 2 �k � � X1 [ k] � dt � d�
T T T T

� e � jk� �t� X [ k]
2� � � A, � 1 � t � 0
4. (C) T � 2, �� � � �, x( t) � � Similarly, the FS coefficients of x( t � t� ) are
2 � A, 0< t<1
X 2 [ k] � e jk� �t� X [ k]
1� �
1 0 1
1
X [ k] � � x( t) e � jkt dt � �� � � Ae � jk�t dt � �0 Ae dt ��
� jk�t
The FS coefficients of x( t � t� ) � x( t � t� ) are
2 �1 2 � �1 �
Y [ k] � X1 [ k] � X 2 [ k] � e � jk� �t� X [ k] � e jk� �t� X [ k]
jk� � jk�
A �1 � e e �1 � A
� � � �� (1 � ( �1) k ) � 2 cos ( �� kt� ) X [ k]
2 �� jk� � jk� �� jk�
x( t) � x( � t)
2 13. (A) Ev{ x( t)} � ,
� jt
�e �e jt
� �1 2 jt 2
5. (A) sin 2 t � �� �� � ( e � 2 � e �2 jt )
� 2j � 4 The FS coefficients of x( t) are
2� 1 1
The fundamental period of sin 2 ( t) is � and �� � �2 , X1 [ k] � � x( �t) e � jk� �t dt � � x( �) e jk� �� d� � X [ �k]
� TT T T
�1 1 1 Therefore, the FS coefficients of Ev{ x( t)} are
X [ k] � �[ k � 1] � �[ k] � �[ k � 1]
4 2 4 X [ k] � X [ �k]
Y [ k] �

2
7. (C) x( t) � � X [ k]e j 2 �kt
� je j 2 � t � je� j 2 �t
� e j6 �t � e � j6 �t

k � ��
x ( t) � x *( t)
14. (C) Re{ x( t)} � ,
� � 2 sin 2 �t � 2 cos 6 �t 2
�k k
The FS coefficient of x *( t) is
� �1
� �1 � jkt �
�1
8. (D) x( t) � � X [ k]e
k � ��
jkt
� ��
k � �� � 3 �
� e � � �� �� e jkt
k�0 � 3 �
1
X1 [ k] � � x *( t) e � jk� �t dt � X1*[ �k]
TT
�1 � jt
e 1
� x( t) e
jk� �t
� 3 �
1

4 X1*[ k] � dt � X [ �k]
1 � jt 1 j t 5 � 3cos t T T
1� e 1� e
3 3 X1 [ k] � X *[ �k]
X [ k] � X *[ � k]
Y [ k] �
2
www.gatehelp.com
Page
313
UNIT 5 GATE EC BY RK Kanodia Signal & System

� 10 � � � 4� � 18. y[ n] � x[ n] � x[ n � N 2 ] , (assume that N is even)


13. X [ k] � cos � k � � 2 j sin � k�
� 19 � � 19 � (A) (1 � ( �1) k � 1 ) X [2 k] (B) (1 � ( �1) k ) X [ k]
19 (C) (1 � ( �1) k � 1 ) X [ k] (D) (1 � ( �1) k\ ) X [2 k]
(A) ( �[ n � 5 ] � �[ n � 5 ]) � 19��[ n � 2 ] � �[ n � 2 ]),|n|� 9
2
1 19. y[ n] � x *[ �n]
(B) ( �[ n � 5 ] � �[ n � 5 ]) � ��[ n � 2 ] � �[ n � 2 ]),|n|� 9
2
(A) � X *[ k ] (B) � X *[ �k ]
9
(C) ( �[ n � 5 ] � �[ n � 5 ]) � 9��[ n � 2 ] � �[ n � 2 ]),|n|� 9 (C) X *[ k ] (D) X *[ �k ]
2
1
(D) ( �[ n � 5 ] � �[ n � 5 ]) � ��[ n � 2 ] � �[ n � 2 ]),|n|� 9 20. y[ n] � ( �1) n x[ n], (assume that N is even)
2
� N � � N �
� �k � (A) X �k � (B) X �k �
14. X [ k] � cos � � � 2 �� � 2 ��
� 21 �
21 � N � � N �
(A) ��[ n � 4 ] � �[ n � 4 ]),|n|� 10 (C) X �k � � 1� (D) X �k � � 1�
2 � 2 � � 2 �
1
(B) ��[ n � 4 ] � �[ n � 4 ]),|n|� 10
2 Statement for Q.21-23:
21
(C) ��[ n � 4 ] � �[ n � 4 ]),|n|� 10 Consider a discrete-time periodic signal
2
� 1, 0 � n � 7
1 x[ n] � �
(D) ��[ n � 4 ] � �[ n � 4 ]),|n|� 10 � 0, 8 � n � 9
2
with period N � 10. Also y[ n] � x[ n] � x[ n � 1 ]
Statement for Q.15-20:

Consider a periodic signal x[ n] with period N and 21. The fundamental period of y[ n] is
FS coefficients X [ k]. Determine the FS coefficients Y [ k] (A) 9 (B) 10
of the signal y[ n] given in question. (C) 11 (D) None of the above

15. y[ n] � x[ n � n� ]
22. The FS coefficients of y[ n] are
� 2 �� � 2 ��
j �� �� n �k � j �� �� n �k
� N� � N� � 8 �� � 8 ��
(A) e X [ k] (B) e X [ k] 1 � j� � k �
1 � � j� � k �
(A) � 1 � e �� 5 �� � (B) � 1 � e �� 5 �� �
(C) kX [ k] (D) �kX [ k] 10 � � 10 � �
� � � �
� 4 �� � 4 ��
16. y[ n] � x[ n] � x[ n � 2 ] 1 � j� �k �
1 � � j� �k �
(C) � 1 � e �� 5 �� � (D) � 1 � e �� 5 �� �
� 4� � � 4� � 10 � � 10 � �
(A) sin � k � X [ k] (B) cos � k � X [ k] � � � �
� N � � N �
� 4 �� � 4 ��
� � j �� �� k � � j �� �� k �
(C) � 1 � e � N � � X [ k] (D) � 1 � e � N � � X [ k] 23. The FS coefficients of x[ n] are
� � � � � �k �
� � � � j � j ��� 10 ��� � �k �
(A) � e cosec � � Y [ k], k � 0
2 � 10 �
17. y[ n] � x[ n] � x[ n � N 2 ] , (assume that N is even)
� �k �
�N � j � j ��� 10 ��� � �k �
(A) 2 X [2 k � 1], for 0 � k � � � 1� (B) e cosec � � Y [ k], k � 0
� 2 � 2 � 10 �
� �k �
N 1 � j ��� 10 ��� � �k �
(B) 2 X [2 k � 1], for 0 � k � (C) � e sec � � Y [ k]
2 2 � 10 �
�N � � �k �
(C) 2 X [2 k], for 0 � k � � � 1� 1 � j ��� 10 ��� � �k �
� 2 � (D) e sec � � Y [ k]
2 � 10 �
N
(D) 2 X [2 k], for 0 � k �
2
www.gatehelp.com
Page
318
The Discrete-Time Fourier Series GATE EC BY RK Kanodia Chap 5.8

Statement for Q.24-27: 29. A real and odd periodic signal x[ n] has fundamental

Consider a discrete-time signal with Fourier period N � 7 and FS coefficients X [ k]. Given that

representation. X [15 ] � j, X [16 ] � 2 j, X [17 ] � 3 j. The values of



X [0 ], X [ �1], X [ �2 ], and X [ �3] will be
DTFS ;
x[ n] � � ���10
X [ k] (A) 0, j, 2 j, 3 j (B) 1, 1, 2, 3

In question the FS coefficient Y [ k] is given. (C) 1, �1, �2, �3 (D) 0, � j , �2 j, �3 j


Determine the corresponding signal y[ n] and choose
30. Consider a signal x[ n] with following facts
correct option.
1. x[ n] is a real and even signal
24. Y [ k ] � X [ k � 5 ] � X [ k � 5 ] 2. The period of x[ n] is N � 10
�� � �� � 3. X[11] � 5
(A) 2 sin � n � x[ n] (B) 2 cos � n � x[ n]
�5 � �5 � 1 9

� X [ k]
2
4. � 50
�� � �� � 10 n �0
(C) 2 sin � n � x[ n] (D) 2 cos � n � x[ n]
�2 � �2 � The signal x[ n] is
� � � � � �
� �k � (A) 5 cos � n� (B) 5 sin � n�
25. Y [ k] � cos � � X [ k] � 10 � � 10 �
� 5 �
1 1 �� � �� �
(A) ( x[ n � 5 ] � x[ n � 5 ]) (B) ( x[ n � 2 ] � x[ n � 2 ]) (C) 10 cos � n � (D) 10 sin � n �
2 2 �5 � �5 �
1
(C) ( x[ n � 10 ] � x[ n � 10 ]) (D) None of the above 31. Each of two sequence x[ n] and y[ n] has a period
2
N � 4. The FS coefficient are
26. Y [ k] � X [ k] * X [ k] 1 1
2
X [0 ] � X [ 3] � X [1] � X [2 ] � 1 and
( x[ n]) 2 2
(A) (B) j2 �( x[ n]) 2
2�
Y [0 ], Y [1], Y [2 ], Y [ 3] � 1
(C) ( x[ n]) 2 (D) 2 �( x[ n]) 2
The FS coefficient Z [ k] for the signal
27. Y [ k] � Re{ X [ k]} z[ n] � x[ n] y[ n] will be
x [ n] � x[ �n] x [ n] � x[ �n] (A) 6 (B) 6|k|
(A) (B)
2 2 �
j k
(C) 6|k| (D) e 2
x [ n] � x[ �n] x [ n] � x[ �n]
(C) (D)
2� 2�
32. Consider a discrete-time periodic signal

28. Consider a sequence x[ n] with following facts : � 11� �


sin � n�
1. x[ n] is periodic with N � 6 x[ n] � � 20 �
� � �
5
sin � n�
2. � x[ n] � 2
n �0
� 20 �
7 with a fundamental period N � 20. The Fourier
3. � ( �1)
n �2
n
x[ n] � 1
series coefficients of this function are
1
4. x[ n] has the minimum power per period among the (A) ( u[ k � 5 ] � u[ k � 6 ]), |k|� 10
set of signals satisfying the preceding three condition. 20
1
The sequence would be.. (B) ( u[ k � 5 ] � u[ k � 5 ]), |k|� 10
20
� 1 1 1 1 1 � � 1 1 1 �
(A) � ... , , , , , ...� (B) � ...0, 1, , , , ...� (C) ( u[ k � 5 ] � u[ k � 6 ]), |k|� 10
� 2 6 2 6 2 � � 2 3 4 �
� � (D) ( u[ k � 5 ] � u[ k � 6 ]), |k|� 10
� 1 1 1 1 1 �
(C) � ... , , , , , ...� (D) �...0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...�
� 3 6 3 6 3 �
� � ************
www.gatehelp.com
Page
319
The Discrete-Time Fourier Series GATE EC BY RK Kanodia Chap 5.8

�� 17. (C) Note that y[ n] � x[ n] � x [ n � N 2 ] has a period


11. (D) N � 7, � � � ,
7
� 2 �� � 2 �� � 2 ��
of N 2 and N has been assumed to be even,
3 j �� �� kn j ( �1 ) �� �� n j (1 ) �� �� n � 4 ��
x[ n] � � X [ k]e
n � �3
� 7 �
� 2e � 7 �
� 1 � 2e � 7 �
Y [ k] �
2 N 2 �1

� ( x[ n] � x[ n � N 2 ]) e
� j ��
� N�
�� kn

N n �0
� 2� �
� 4 cos � n� � 1 � 2 X [2 k] for 0 � k � ( N 2 � 1)
� 7 �

� ��
18. (B) y[ n] � x[ n] � x [ n � N 2 ]
� � j �� �� k
12. (C) N � 12, � � � , X [ k] � e � 6 � � � 2 �� N
� j �� �� k �
6 Y [ k] � � 1 � e � N � 2 � X [ k] � (1 � e � j�k ) X [ k]
� �� � �� � �� � �
6 � j �� �� k j �� �� kn 6 j �� �� k ( n �1 ) � �
x[ n] � �e
k � �6
�6 �
e �6 �
� �e
k � �6
�6 �

� 0, k even
��

� 9�
� � 2 X [ k], k odd
� sin �� 3� ( n � 1) ��
j ( �4 ) ( n �1 ) j ( n �1 )
e 6 � 1�e 6
� �
� � � � � 4 �
� �
j ( n �1 ) � � � � 19. (C) y[ n] � x *[ �n]
� 1�e 6 � sin � ( n � 1) �
� � � 12 � 1 N �1
� 2 ��
� j �� �� kn
� � Y [ k] �
N
� x [ �n]e
n �0
* � N�
� X *[ k]

��
13. (A) N � 19, � � �
19 20. (A) With N even
� 2 �� N
� 10 � � � 10 � � j �� ��
X [ k] � cos � k � � 2 j sin � k� y[ n] � ( �1) n x[ n] � e j�n x[ n] � e � N� 2
x[ n]
� 19 � � 19 �
� 2 �� N � 2 ��
N �1 j �� �� � j �� �� kn
2�
1 � � j ( �5) 19 k
2�
k�
2�
� � j ( �2 ) 19 2�
k� 1
� �e
� � e
� j ( 5)
19 �
� � �e

k
� e
� j(2 )
19 �

Y [ k] �
N
�e
n �0
� N� 2
x[ n]e � N�

2� � � � � 2 �� � N�
N �1 � j �� �� n �� k � ��
1
By inspection �
N
� x[ n]e
n �0
� N� � 2 �
� X [k � N 2]
19
x[ n] � ( �[ n � 5 ] � �[ n � 5 ]) � 19 ( �[ n � 2 ] � � [ n � 2 ]),
2
21. (B) y[ n] is shown is fig. S5.8.21. It has fundamental
Where |n|� 9
y[n]
��
14. (A) N � 21, � � � 1
21 9 n
2� 2�
� 8 � � 1 �� � j ( �4 ) 21 k � j(4 ) k �
21 �
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11
X [ k] � cos � k� � � e �e �
-1
� 21 � 2 � � Fig. S5.8.21
1
Since X [ k] � � x[ n]e , By inspection
N n�N
� jk� �n

period of 10.
� 21
� , n � �4 � 2 ��
x[ n] � � 2 1 9 � j �� �� kn

�� 0, otherwise n � { �10, � 9, ......9. 10} 22. (B) Y [ k] �


10
� y[ n]e
n �0
� 10 �

� 2 �� � 8 ��
1 � � j �� �� k8 � 1 � � j �� �� k �
� 2 �� � �1 � e � 10 � �� �1 � e � 5� �
1 N �1 � j �� �� kn
10 � � 10 � �
15. (B) Y [ k] �
N
� x[ n � n ]e
n �0

� N�
� � � �

� 2 �� � 2 �� � 2 ��
N �1
1 � j ��� N ��� kn � � j �� �� kn � j �� �� kn �

N
e � x[ n]e
n �0
� N�
�e � N�
X [ k] 23. (A) y [ n] � x [ n] � x [ n � 1]
� 2 ��
� j �� �� k
� 10 � Y [ k]
Y [ k] � X [ k] � e X [ k] � X [ k] � � ��
� 2 �� � 4 �� � j �� �� k
� j �� �� 2 k � � j �� �� k � � 5�
16. (C) Y [ k] � X [ k] � e � N�
X [ k] � � 1 � e � N� � X [ k] 1�e
� �
� �

www.gatehelp.com
Page
321
UNIT 5 GATE EC BY RK Kanodia Signal & System

� �� � ��
j �� �� k
� 10 �
j �� �� k
� 10 �
29. (D) Since the FS coefficient repeat every N. Thus
e Y [ k] e Y [ k]
� X [ k] � � �� � ��
� X [1] � X [15 ], X [2 ] � X [16 ], X [ 3] � X [17 ]
j �� �� k � j �� �� k � �k �
e � 10 �
�e � 10 � 2 j sin � � The signal real and odd, the FS coefficient X [ k] will be
� 10 �
� � � purely imaginary and odd. Therefore X[0 ] � 0
�j � j �� k ��
� 10 � � � �
� e cosec � k � Y [ k] X [ �1] � � X [1], X [ �2 ] � � X [2 ], X [ �3] � � X [ 3]
2 � 10 �
Therefore (D) is correct option.

24. (D) � � � , Y [ k] � X [ k � 5 ] � X [ k � 5 ] 30. (C) Since N � 10, X [11] � X [1] � 5
10
� j ( 5) � n �
j ( �5) n � �� � Since x[ n] is real and even X [ k] is also real and even.
� y[ n] � �� e 10 � e 10 �� x[ n] � 2 cos � n � x[ n]
� � �2 � Therefore X [1] � X [ �1] � 5.
8

� X [ k] � X [ k]
2 2
Using Parseval’s relation � 50 �
� �
� j k �j k � N k � �1
�� � �e 5
�e 5 � 8
25. (B) Y [ k] � cos � k � X [ k] � � � X [ k] � X [ k]
2 2 2 2
X [ �1] � X [1] � X [0 ] � � 50
� 5 � � 2 � k�2
� �
8

� X [ k]
� � 2 2
1 � j(2 ) k j ( �2 ) k� X [0 ] � �0
� �� e 10 � e 10 �
� X [ k] k�2
2� �
Therefore X [ k] � 0 for k � 0, 2, 3, ..... 8.
1 � 2 �� � 2 ��
� y[ n] � ( x[ n � 2 ] � x[ n � 2 ]) j �� �� kn 8 j �� �� kn
2 x[ n] � � X [ k]e � N�
� � X [ k]e � 10 �

N k � �1

26. (C) Y [ k] � X [ k] * X [ k] � y[ n] � x[ n] x[ n] � ( x[ n]) 2


� � j ��� �� ��� n � 2 ��
j �� �� n �
�� �
� 5� e � 10 � � e � 10 � � � 10 cos � n �
� � �5 �
� �
x[ n] � x[ �n]
27. (A) Y [ k] �Re{ X [ k]} � y[ n] �Ev{ x[ n]} �
2
31. (A) z[ n] � x[ n] y[ n] � ��
DTFS
� � X [ l ]Y [ k � l ]
k �� N�
��
28. (A) N � 6, � � � , 3

6 � Z [ k] � � X [ l ]Y [ k � l ]
l� 0
5
From fact 2, � x[ n] � 2
n �0
� Z[ k ] � X [ 0 ] Y [ k ] � X [ 1 ] Y [ k � 1 ] � X [ 2 ] Y [ k � 2 ] � X [ 3 ] Y [ k � 3 ]

� 2 ��
� Y [ k] � 2 Y [ k � 1] � 2 Y [ k � 2 ] � Y [ k � 3]
5 j �� �� ( 0 ) k
1 1 1

6
�e
n �0
� 6 �
x[ n] �
3
� X [0 ] � ,
3
Since Y [ k] is 1 for all values of k.
Thus Z [ k] � 6, for all k.
7
From fact 3, � ( �1) n
x[ n] � 1
n �2 32. (A) N � 20 We know that
� 2 ��
5 j �� �� ( 3) k
1 1 1 � 11� �

6
�e � 6 �
x[ n] � , X [ 3] �
6 6 � 1, |n|� 5 � sin � k�
n �0
� � ���
DTFS ;
10 � 20 �

By Parseval’s relation, the average power in x[ n] is � 0, 5 �|n|� 10 � � �
sin � k�
5 � 20 �
P � � X [ k] ,
2

k�0 Using duality


The value of P is minimized by choosing � 11� �
sin � n� �
X [1] � X [2 ] � X [ 4 ] � X [5 ] � 0 � 20 � � �DTFS ; 1 � 1, |k|� 5
�� 10
� �
Therefore � � � 20 � 0, 5 �|k|� 10
sin � n�
� 2� �
�� �� 3n
� 20 �
1 1 1 1
x[ n] � X [0 ] � X [ 3]e � 6 �
� � ( �1) n � � ( �1) n
3 6 3 6
� 1 1 1 1 1 �
x[ n] � � ... , , , , , ...� *********
� 2 6 2 6 2 �

www.gatehelp.com
Page
322

You might also like