Problem:-

1) Determine the reading obtained with DC voltmeter. When switch S is set to position-1
and then to position-2 and determine the reading obtained with a half wave and a full wave
rectifier voltmeter. All the meters use a 100uA full scale deflection meter movement and are
set on their 10V DC or AC rms range.

2) A resistance of 50 ohm is connected in series with a rectifying device, a PMMC type

ammeter . The circuit is connected to across a sinusoidal AC supply of 100 V . The resistance
of the rectifying device is 50 ohm in one direction and 250 ohm in the opposite direction
Calculate the a) readings on two ammeters.

3) A rectifier voltmeter uses a full wave rectifier . The meter has an internal resistance of 50
ohm and requires a current of 1mA for full scale deflection . The rectifier has zero forward
resistance and infinite reverse resistance . Calculate a) the multiplier resistance required for
full scale meter with 10V AC b) sensitivity of DC voltmeter , c) the sensitivity of AC
voltmeter.

4) A moving iron instrument has full scale current of 100mA. It is converted into 250V
voltmeter by using a series resistance made of material having negligible resistance
temperature coefficient . The meter has a resistance of 320 ohm at 20 degree Celsius . After
carrying a steady current of 100mA for a long time, the resistance of the coil increases to 369
ohm due to self heating. Calculate the error due to self heating when a voltage of a a) 25V , b)
125V is applied continuously.

5) An dynamometer type ammeter and a PMMC type ammeter are connected in series with
series resistance of 100 ohm and a rectifier with forward resistance of 50 ohm and backward
resistance of 500 ohm . A voltage having triangular waveform and a frequency of 50 Hz and
rms value of 100 V is applied to the circuit . Calculate the reading of each ammeter and b)
effective power factor of the circuit.

6) Two ammeters are joined in series in a circuit carrying 10A . One ammeter has internal
resistance of 1000 ohm shunted by 0.05 ohm while the other ammeter has a resistance of
1500 ohm 0.02 ohm . If the shunts are interchanged , what would be the readings in
ammeters?

7) A burden o (0.2+j0.3) ohm is connected to the secondary of a 1000/5A CT . If the CT

with secondary impedance of (0.2+j0.2) ohm has bar primary and 198 turns in its secondary
with 16AT and 8AT as its loss component and magnetizing component of ampere turns ,
respectively , determine the ratio error of the CT.

8) A wattmeter with resistance of the two coils as 0.01 ohm and 1000 ohm, respectively is
used to measure the power supplied to a resistive load. The load current and voltage may be
taken as 20A and 30V respectively . Calculate the % error in the readings for two different
connections between voltage and current coils of wattmeter.

1
9) A 230V single phase energy meter has a constant load o 4A passing through it for 6
hours at unity power factor. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions during this period ,
what is the meter constant in revolution per KWhr ? Calculate the power factor of the load if
the number of revolutions made by the disc are 1472 when operating at 230V and 5A for 4
hours.

10) The discharge of a capacitor through ballistic galvanometer produces a damped

frequency of 0.125 Hz and successive swings of 120 , 96 and 76.8 mm , calculate the
damping ratio . Also determine the logarithmic decrement and period of undamped and
damped oscillations.

11) A ballistic galvanometer has a resistance of 150 ohm and an undamped period of 7.5 S .
A steady emf of 3.5 mV produces a deflection of 210 mm . Determine the quantity of
electricity discharged from a capacitor if the deflection produced is 750 mm . The relative
damping is 0.8

12) A ballistic galvanometer has an undamped free period of 8.8 S and a relative damping of
0.8. Determine the time required for the galvanometer to pass through zero after the
application of charge?

13) The pressure coil of an dynamometer type wattmeter has a resistance of 6600 ohm. When
the voltage applied to the pressure coil is 120V and a current 20A flows in the series coil, the
deflection is 160 degree. What additional resistance must be connected in the pressure coil
circuit to make the constant of the meter equal to 20 W per degree.

14) The inductive reactance of the pressure coil circuit of dynamometer wattmeter is 0.4 % of
its resistance at normal frequency and the capacitance is negligible. Calculate the % error and
correction factor due to reactance for loads at i) 0.707 p.f. lagging (ii) 0.5 p.f. lagging.

15) A voltage V is applied to pressure coil circuit of a wattmeter and through the current coil
is passed a current of . What will be the reading on the wattmeter? .What % of this power is
due to fundamental ?

16) A single phase induction type meter, tested at its full load rating of 240 V, 10A , is 1%
slow at unity power factor and correct at a power factor 0.5 lagging .Assuming that the

2
friction error is compensated at all power factors , estimate the error at rated VA when the
power factor of the system is i) 0.8 lagging and ii) 0.8 leading .

17) A CT with 5 primary turns has secondary burden consisting with 5 primary turns has
secondary burden consisting of a reactance of 0.16 ohm and an inductive resistance of 0.12
ohm . When the primary current is 200A , the magnetizing current is 1.5A and the iron loss
current is 0.4A . Determine the number of secondary turns needed to make the current ratio
100.1 and also phase angle under these conditions.

18) A 230V, single phase , watt hour meter has a constant load of 4A passing through it for 6
hours at unity p.f. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions during this period , what is the
meter constant in revolutions per kWh . Calculate the p.f. of the load if the number of
revolutions made by the meter are 1472 when operating at 230V and 5A for 4 hours.

Ans. Energy supplied = VICos( )  t  10 3  5.52kWh

revolutions
Meter constant =  400rev / kWh
kWh

Energy consumed when the meter makes 1472 revolutions=1472/400=3.68 kWh

Energyconsumed
So power factor= Cos( )  VI
 0.8

19) A correctly adjusted, single phase , 240V induction watthour meter has a meter constant
of 600 revolutions per kWh . Determine the speed of the disc, for a current of 10A at p.f. of
0.8 lagging.

Ans: Energy consumed in one minute= 0.032 kWh .

Revolutions made in one minute=0.032x600=19.2

Speed of the disc=19.2 rpm.

When the lag adjustment is altered by 8 degree , steady speed N= KVISin(   )

Under this condition, steady speed N= KVISin(90   )  KVICos( )

Error induced because of incorrect lag adjustment =

KVI[ Sin (   )  Cos( ) Sin (   )  Cos( )
 100   100
KVICos( ) Cos( )

a) At upf,   0 , Error=-0.24%

b) At 0.5 pf. Lagging , Error=-12.3%

3
19) A single phase induction type energy meter is adjusted to read correctly at upf . It is
obserbved that at ¼ full load current at 0.5 lagging pf. The effective voltage magnet flux lags
behind the current magnet flux by 27 degree. Will it introduce any error in the measurement ?
If, calculate the % error introduced.

Ans. Power factor = Cos( )  0.5


Phase angle = 60

Under idela condition, the voltage magnet flux should lag behind the applied voltage by 90
and the