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Dyeing Wool With Acid Dyes PDF

The document discusses dyeing wool with acid dyes. It describes how acid dyes are used to dye protein fibers like wool and silk in acidic solutions. It also classifies different types of acid dyes based on their affinity, leveling ability, and molecular weight. The document explains the wool dyeing mechanism with acid dyes and lists suitable dyes for dyeing wool. It discusses factors that affect dyeing like temperature, electrolytes, and pH. An example dyeing process on a jet dyeing machine is also provided.

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Sudipt Kumar Mandal
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600 views6 pages

Dyeing Wool With Acid Dyes PDF

The document discusses dyeing wool with acid dyes. It describes how acid dyes are used to dye protein fibers like wool and silk in acidic solutions. It also classifies different types of acid dyes based on their affinity, leveling ability, and molecular weight. The document explains the wool dyeing mechanism with acid dyes and lists suitable dyes for dyeing wool. It discusses factors that affect dyeing like temperature, electrolytes, and pH. An example dyeing process on a jet dyeing machine is also provided.

Uploaded by

Sudipt Kumar Mandal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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27/06/2012

Dyeing wool with acid dyes

Dr. Tanveer Hussain


Dean Faculty of Engineering & Technology
National Textile University Faisalabad.
6/27/2012 Dr. Tanveer Hussain 1

Acid Dyes

• Dye protein fibres (e.g. wool and silk) in acidic


solutions
• Can also be used for dyeing nylon
• Also called ‘anionic’ dyes because of anionic
groups associated with chromophores

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Classification of different acid dyes


Levelling dyes Milling dyes Super-milling dyes
Group I II III
Affinity Low Medium High
Leveling Good Moderate Low
Molecular weight Low High High
Solubility High Low Low
Solution type Molecular Colloidal Colloidal
Dyeing pH 2-4 4-6 6-8
pH assistant Sulphuric or formic acid Acetic acid Ammonium acetate
Wet fastness Low Good Very good
Example BEMACID E dyes BEMACID N dyes BEMACID F dyes

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Wool dyeing mechanism with acid dyes

NH3+ NH3+ NH3 .X NH3 . Col

+ X- + Col.-
+ H+ R R R
R

COO - COOH COOH COOH

Wool in Wool
Wool in Dyed wool
acid bath forming an
aqueous
inorganic
bath
salt

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Substrate form and dyeing apparatus

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Suitable dyes for dyeing wool

• Acid dyes
• 1:1 Metal complex dyes
• 1:2 Metal complex dyes
• Reactive dyes

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Dye selection for wool

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Dye selection for wool…

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Effect of temperature and time

• Dyeing below boiling temperature gives


highest protection to wool fiber
• At higher temperatures the dyestuff diffuses
quicker into the fibre and penetration is
better.
– This has a positive effect on the shade build-up
and fastness level,
– But the danger of fibre damage particularly with
long dyeing times increases.

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Effect of electrolyte

• Glauber salt has a retarding/leveling effect on


some dyestuffs.
• Too much Glauber salt can also have
disadvantages (precipitations, poorer rubbing
fastness etc.).

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Effect of pH

• The optimum dyeing pH depends on the type


of dye used
• The pH value has a direct influence on the
absorption speed, the exhaustion level and
fixation of the dyestuffs.
• The pH value mostly determines the levelness
and quality of a dyeing
• pH values which are too high or too low lead
to irreversible fibre damages

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Example dyeing process:


Piece dyeing on jet dyeing machine

1 0.3 – 0.5 g/l Deaerating/defoaming agent


0.5 – 2.0 g/l Anti-crease agent
0.5 – 2.0 % Glauber’s salt/leveling agent
1.0 – 2.0 ml/l Acid donor
2 x % (o.w.f.) Acid dye

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