Miniprojects 2017

1.
ANTI-COLLOSION REAL LIGHT:
The kit Anti Collision Real Light uses a Dual operational amplifier IC LM358
which is used as a comparator in inverting mode by setting a reference voltage with the
help of preset. The output of LM358 drives the ULN2003 which drives the relay to
activate the light which is DC bulb.
In the kit Anti Collision Real Light the IR transmitter-receiver pair detects the
presence and absence of obstacle and generates an analog voltage. This analog variation
is converted into digital form using dual op-amp IC LM358. The op-amp is used as a
comparator in inverting mode to do so. In this operation we set a reference voltage with
the preset. If the analog voltage from the sensor is less than Vref than the output is logical
high on pin 7 else it is low. The analog input is connected to the pin 6. The output from
the LM358 drives the ULN2803 IC. It is an inverted IC means when input is low output
is high and vice versa. This IC drives the relay to activate the light which is a DC bulb.
The relay acts as electromagnetic switch to switch the high voltage to activate the DC
bulb.
2.4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT
The fundamental idea of this simple electronic project is to control the traffic. It
can be used to avoid the vehicular collisions and traffic jams. This project is just a one-
way traffic controller, although it can be further modified as well. Project will work in a
way, it provides the instruction to the driver whether to drive through the intersection or
yield at the intersection.
This traffic light is made with the help of counter IC, which is mainly used for
Sequential Circuits. We can also call it as Sequential Traffic Lights. Sequential Circuits
are used to count the numbers in the series. Coming to the working principle of Traffic
Lights, the main IC is 4017 counter IC which is used to glow the Red, yellow and green
LED respectively. 555 timer acts as a pulse generator providing an input to the 4017
counter IC. Timing of glow of certain lights totally depends upon the 555 timer’s pulse,
which we can control via the Potentiometer so if you want to change the time of glow,
you can do so by varying the potentiometer, having the responsibility for the timing.
3.AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Here is a simple project more useful in watering plants automatically without any
human interference. We may call it as Automatic plant irrigation system. We know that
people do not pour the water on to the plants in their gardens when they go to vacation or
often forget to water plants. As a result, there is a chance to get the plants damaged. This
project is an excellent solution for such kind of problems.
The irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the
sensors decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers.
This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the
pump on/off manually.
4.WIRELESS DATA TRANSMISSION
In the kit Wireless Data Transmission (Bit Transmission) we will design a system to
transmit digital sequence of 4- bit to the remote location and represents the signal 4 bit at
receiver end.
The kit Wireless Data Transmission (Bit Transmission) demonstrates the basic concept of
wireless digital data transmission. There are two different sections one is the transmitter
and other is receiver section. In transmitter section consists of the 4-bit dip switch
(representing four bit data).The switches are used in active low mode. The data bits are
parallel but for transmitting the data should be serial therefore HT12E encoder is used
which has 4 data lines and 8 address lines. It encodes the parallel data into serial data
which transmitted over 434 MHz RF-channel using RF transmitter. Next The RF receiver
receives the digital data serially on same carrier frequency and the decoder HT12D
decodes the serial data give the same data bit as on transmitter which is indicated in the
form of LED indications as the digital data bits.
5.CLAP BASED DEVICE CONTROL
This circuit is based on two commonly used IC that is NE555 timer and CD4017
IC with few more components. 555 timer IC wired as an monostable oscillator. In this
circuit NE555 monostable generates a clock for the circuit, which provide a oscillating
wave to the output pin 3 of 555 timer. Monostable or one short multivibrator has only one
stable state and we have to trigger it externally to return it back to its original state. And
CD4017 is a CMOS counter/ divider IC . It take clock signal from the clock input and
turn on the 10 output in sequence, each time when it receives clock input pulses.
Now output from pin 3 of 555 timer is provided to CD4017 decade counter pin 14,
which provide a clock pulse for the working of CD4017. Here after receiving the clock
input CD4017 starts its counter from zero (as it has inbuilt counter). And it advances one
by one each time pin 14 goes high (as we clap in front of Mic). Like for first clap we get
output from pin 2 that is Q1 and LED1 will glow and on second clap we get output from
pin 4, LED2 will glow and LED1 become off and so on. You have to connect individual
relay at every output (for demonstration I have used single relay).
6.MODEL RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING LIGHT
In the kit Model Railway Level Crossing Light a level crossing occurs where a
railway line is intersected by a road or path on one level, without recourse to a bridge or
tunnel.
In the kit Model Railway Level Crossing Light a magnet under the train operates
reed switches positioned on the track. The trigger reed switch starts the sequence by
switching on the amber light, a few seconds later the two red lights start to flash. When
the train has passed the level crossing it operates the cancel reed switch which switches
off the lights until the next train arrives. This kit Model Railway Level Crossing Lights
uses a 555 mono-stable circuit to switch on the amber LED for a few seconds. When this
switches off it triggers a 555 bi-stable circuit which switches on a 555 as table circuit to
flash the red LEDs.
7.ALCOHOL LEVEL TESTER
This is a very useful circuit for testing whether a driver is drunk or not. The circuit
is easy to use, inexpensive and indicates various levels of alcohol consumption through
LEDs.
In this circuit LM3914 bar graph decoder IC used for to drive output, the alcohol
sensor MQ3 used for to sense the alcohol intensity and the output signal fed into LM3914
bar graph decoder input pin. Here the output is indicated through different colour LED,
this circuit works on +5V power supply, the sensitivity level can be varied by variable
resistor.
THE ADONI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE::ADONI
Dept. of Electronics
MINI-PROJECTS
2016-17
1. ANTI-COLLOSION REAL LIGHT
2. 4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT
3. AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM
4. WIRELESS DATA TRANSMISSION
5. CLAP BASED DEVICE CONTROL
6. MODEL RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING LIGHT
7. ALCOHOL LEVEL TESTER

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1.

ANTI-COLLOSION REAL LIGHT:

2.4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT

3.AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

5.CLAP BASED DEVICE CONTROL

6.MODEL RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING LIGHT

1. ANTI-COLLOSION REAL LIGHT

2. 4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT

3. AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

4. WIRELESS DATA TRANSMISSION

5. CLAP BASED DEVICE CONTROL

6. MODEL RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING LIGHT

7. ALCOHOL LEVEL TESTER

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