Glossary of Maritime Terms
Glossary of Maritime Terms
Glossary of Maritime Terms
Do as thou wilt
Go apeshit
Hippy dippy
Blew it
Pay a visit
Whodunit/whodunnit
Gimmick
Foul play
A little off
DAWG
Way to go!
Boozer
Croak
Lad
At one's peril
Outrun
Bizounce
Folly
Pep talk
Real catch
Worthwhile
Bloody
Guv
Blather
Overzealous
Grudge
Ennui
Therein
Ball fondler
Good riddance
Sophomore
Stowaway
A hot potato
Blessing in disguise
Cut corners
Devil's Advocate
Last straw
Method to my madness
On the ball
Once in a blue moon
Piece of cake
allegedly
fuck me sideways
shenanigan,n. Informal
cat call
"Schmuck", or "shmuck"
duke it out
PUT UP YOUR DUKES
HEAVENS TO BETSY
7 minutes in heaven
ride shotgun
brawn n
(longing, yearning)
jagoff
Buggery! interj
A highwayman
A derogatory name for hippies used predominantly by squares in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Arruinar algo
Jugar sucio
Its about a story of a father who never has time for his son and when the son grows up, he never has time for his father.
Estirar la pata, UK
Jovencito (UK)
With a great chance of meeting danger or causing harm to oneself. (Bajo tu propio riesgo)
Valer la pena
Describes someone who gets too excited about something. If you're overzealous about something, you've gone too far, and
Used to accuse another speaker of hypocrisy, in that the speaker disparages the subject for a fault or negative behavior tha
Sobacocos
Used to express relief at no longer needing to deal with someone or something that is gone or has been removed):They're
Término utilizado en los Estados Unidos para describir a un estudiante en el segundo año de estudio.
La palabra también es usada como sinónimo de "segundo", e.g. El segundo álbum o Ep de músico o grupo, la segunda pelí
A person who secretly boards a vehicle, such as a ship, an aircraft, a train, cargo truck or bus, in order to travel without pay
Speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually disputed
People's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say.
To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation.
Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.
To work late into the night, alluding to the time before electric lighting.
This idiom is used to express "Don't make plans for something that might not happen".
You are not very good at something. You could definitely not do it professionally.
To go to bed.
This idiom means, to accomplish two different things at the same time.
An assertion that, despite one's approach seeming random, there actually is structure to it.
This idiom is used to say that someone missed his or her chance
Meaning: No manners
Crazy, demented, out of one's mind, in a confused or befuddled state of mind, senile.
This idiom is used to say that two (or more people) agree on something.
This is used when someone does not want to choose or make a decision.
This expression is used when the person you have just been talking about arrives.
Means that something happens to you, or is done to you, that you have done to someone else
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/gesundheit
being royality screw over. A term used to express an extremely unfortuante situation.
When a guy gives the wert whirl whistle or yells at a babydoll for the purpose of getting attention and in hopes of a future
, in American English is a pejorative term meaning one who is stupid or foolish, or an obnoxious, contemptible or detestabl
phr. to have a fistfight
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/put-up-your-dukes.html
7 minutes in heaven is a game general played at partys normally with 2 people of the opposite sex. these two people gener
1. tv. to accompany and guard someone or something. (see also shotgun.) I have to take the beer over to the party. Why do
2. tv. to ride in the passenger seat of a car, next to the driver. I want to ride shotgun so I don’t have to sit back there with th
To shock or frighten someone so severely that his or her bad behavior or actions become corrected or markedly improved.
(strong muscles)
(muscular strength)
(figurado)
We're going to need Steve's brawn to lift all these heavy boxes!
UK (cookery: jellied head meat)
Brawn was a popular dish in Georgian England.
To retain some relative cognitive abilities and coordination while those who attempt to keep up end up on the floor. Prefera
You US military boys think you know what alcohol tolerance is. University students would drink you under the table.
Spanish
anhelo nm
ansia nf
añoranza nf
ganas de nfpl + prep
(idiomatic) Drunk.
UK, vulgar, slang (frustration, anger) also "anal sex" which to English People was considered a CRIME on 16th century
was a robber who stole from travelers. This type of thief usually travelled and robbed by horse
This means that a friend who helps you when you really need help is a true friend.
he. there can also be more intamate things going on during these 7 minutes...like fingeting...or oral sex...etc.
r's behavior any longer, so we sent him to a prison boot camp to scare him straight. I had a really bad drug addiction in college, but see
diction in college, but seeing my friend die from an overdose really scared me straight.
ng my friend die from an overdose really scared me straight.
Base Form Past Form Past Participle Form s / es/ ies ‘ing’ form
abash abashed abashed abashes abashing
abate abated abated abates abating
abide abode abode abides abiding
absorb absorbed absorbed absorbs absorbing
accept accepted accepted accepts accepting
accompany accompanied accompanied accompanies accompanying
ache ached ached aches aching
achieve achieved achieved achieves achieving
acquire acquired acquired acquires acquiring
act acted acted acts acting
add added added adds adding
address addressed addressed addresses addressing
adjust adjusted adjusted adjusts adjusting
admire admired admired admires admiring
admit admitted admitted admits admitting
advise advised advised advises advising
afford afforded afforded affords affording
agree agreed agreed agrees agreeing
alight alit alit alights alighting
allow allowed allowed allows allowing
animate animated animated animates animating
announce announced announced announces announcing
answer answered answered answers answering
apologize apologized apologized apologizes apologizing
appear appeared appeared appears appearing
applaud applauded applauded applauds applauding
apply applied applied applies applying
approach approached approached approaches approaching
approve approved approved approves approving
argue argued argued argues arguing
arise arose arisen arises arising
arrange arranged arranged arranges arranging
arrest arrested arrested arrests arresting
ask asked asked asks asking
assert asserted asserted asserts asserting
assort assorted assorted assorts assorting
astonish astonished astonished astonishes astonishing
attack attacked attacked attacks attacking
attend attended attended attends attending
attract attracted attracted attracts attracting
audit audited audited audits auditing
avoid avoided avoided avoids avoiding
awake awoke awoken awakes awaking
bang banged banged bangs banging
banish banished banished banishes banishing
bash bashed bashed bashes bashing
bat batted batted bats batting
be (am,are) was / were been is being
bear bore born bears bearing
bear bore borne bears bearing
beat beat beaten beats beating
beautify beautified beautified beautifies beautifying
become became become becomes becoming
befall befell befallen befalls befalling
beg begged begged begs begging
begin began begun begins beginning
behave behaved behaved behaves behaving
behold beheld beheld beholds beholding
believe believed believed believes believing
belong belonged belonged belongs belonging
bend bent bent bends bending
bereave bereft bereft bereaves bereaving
beseech besought besought beseeches beseeching
bet bet bet bets betting
betray betrayed betrayed betrays betraying
bid bade bidden bids bidding
bid bid bid bids bidding
bind bound bound binds binding
bite bit bitten bites biting
bleed bled bled bleeds bleeding
bless blessed blessed blesses blessing
blossom blossomed blossomed blossoms blossoming
blow blew blown blows blowing
blur blurred blurred blurs blurring
blush blushed blushed blushes blushing
board boarded boarded boards boarding
boast boasted boasted boasts boasting
boil boiled boiled boils boiling
bow bowed bowed bows bowing
box boxed boxed boxes boxing
bray brayed brayed brays braying
break broke broken breaks breaking
breathe breathed breathed breathes breathing
breed bred bred breeds breeding
bring brought brought brings bringing
broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasts broadcasting
brush brushed brushed brushes brushing
build built built builds building
burn burnt burnt burns burning
burst burst burst bursts bursting
bury buried buried buries burying
bust bust bust busts busting
buy bought bought buys buying
buzz buzzed buzzed buzzes buzzing
calculate calculated calculated calculates calculating
call called called calls calling
canvass canvassed canvassed canvasses canvassing
capture captured captured captures capturing
caress caressed caressed caresses caressing
carry carried carried carries carrying
carve carved carved carves carving
cash cashed cashed cashes cashing
cast cast cast casts casting
catch caught caught catches catching
cause caused caused causes causing
cease ceased ceased ceases ceasing
celebrate celebrated celebrated celebrates celebrating
challenge challenged challenged challenges challenging
change changed changed changes changing
charge charged charged charges charging
chase chased chased chases chasing
chat chatted chatted chats chatting
check checked checked checks checking
cheer cheered cheered cheers cheering
chew chewed chewed chews chewing
chide chid chid/chidden chides chiding
chip chipped chipped chips chipping
choke choked choked chokes choking
choose chose chosen chooses choosing
classify classified classified classifies classifying
clean cleaned cleaned cleans cleaning
cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft cleaves cleaving
click clicked clicked clicks clicking
climb climbed climbed climbs climbing
cling clung clung clings clinging
close closed closed closes closing
clothe clad clad clothes clothing
clutch clutched clutched clutches clutching
collapse collapsed collapsed collapses collapsing
collect collected collected collects collecting
colour coloured coloured colours colouring
come came come comes coming
comment commented commented comments commenting
compare compared compared compares comparing
compel compelled compelled compels compelling
compete competed competed competes competing
complain complained complained complains complaining
complete completed completed completes completing
conclude concluded concluded concludes concluding
conduct conducted conducted conducts conducting
confess confessed confessed confesses confessing
confine confined confined confines confining
confiscate confiscated confiscated confiscates confiscating
confuse confused confused confuses confusing
congratulate congratulated congratulated congratulates congratulating
connect connected connected connects connecting
connote connoted connoted connotes connoting
conquer conquered conquered conquers conquering
consecrate consecrated consecrated consecrates consecrating
consent consented consented consents consenting
conserve conserved conserved conserves conserving
consider considered considered considers considering
consign consigned consigned consigns consigning
consist consisted consisted consists consisting
console consoled consoled consoles consoling
consort consorted consorted consorts consorting
conspire conspired conspired conspires conspiring
constitute constituted constituted constitutes constituting
constrain constrained constrained constrains constraining
construct constructed constructed constructs constructing
construe construed construed construes construing
consult consulted consulted consults consulting
contain contained contained contains containing
contemn contemned contemned contemns contemning
contend contended contended contends contending
contest contested contested contests contesting
continue continued continued continues continuing
contract contracted contracted contracts contracting
contradict contradicted contradicted contradicts contradicting
contrast contrasted contrasted contrasts contrasting
contribute contributed contributed contributes contributing
contrive contrived contrived contrives contriving
control controlled controlled controls controlling
convene convened convened convenes convening
converge converged converged converges converging
converse conversed conversed converses conversing
convert converted converted converts converting
convey conveyed conveyed conveys conveying
convict convicted convicted convicts convicting
convince convinced convinced convinces convincing
coo cooed cooed coos cooing
cook cooked cooked cooks cooking
cool cooled cooled cools cooling
co-operate co-operated co-operated co-operates co-operating
cope coped cope copes coping
copy copied copied copies copying
correct corrected corrected corrects correcting
correspond corresponded corresponded corresponds corresponding
corrode corroded corroded corrodes corroding
corrupt corrupted corrupted corrupts corrupting
cost cost cost costs costing
cough coughed coughed coughs coughing
counsel counselled counselled counsels counselling
count counted counted counts counting
course coursed coursed courses coursing
cover covered covered covers covering
cower cowered cowered cowers cowering
crack cracked cracked cracks cracking
crackle crackled crackled crackles crackling
crash crashed crashed crashes crashing
crave craved craved craves craving
create created created creates creating
creep crept crept creeps creeping
crib cribbed cribbed cribs cribbing
cross crossed crossed crosses crossing
crowd crowded crowded crowds crowding
crush crushed crushed crushes crushing
cry cried cried cries crying
curb curbed curbed curbs curbing
cure cured cured cures curing
curve curved curved curves curving
cut cut cut cuts cutting
cycle cycled cycled cycles cycling
damage damaged damaged damages damaging
damp damped damped damps damping
dance danced danced dances dancing
dare dared dared dares daring
dash dashed dashed dashes dashing
dazzle dazzled dazzled dazzles dazzling
deal dealt dealt deals dealing
decay decayed decayed decays decaying
decide decided decided decides deciding
declare declared declared declares declaring
decorate decorated decorated decorates decorating
decrease decreased decreased decreases decreasing
dedicate dedicated dedicated dedicates dedicating
delay delayed delayed delays delaying
delete deleted deleted deletes deleting
deny denied denied denies denying
depend depended depended depends depending
deprive deprived deprived deprives depriving
derive derived derived derives deriving
describe described described describes describing
desire desired desired desires desiring
destroy destroyed destroyed destroys destroying
detach detached detached detaches detaching
detect detected detected detects detecting
determine determined determined determines determining
develop developed developed develops developing
die died died dies dying
differ differed differed differs differing
dig dug dug digs digging
digest digested digested digests digesting
dim dimmed dimmed dims dimming
diminish diminished diminished diminishes diminishing
dine dined dined dines dining
dip dipped dipped dips dipping
direct directed directed directs directing
disappear disappeared disappeared disappears disappearing
discover discovered discovered discovers discovering
discuss discussed discussed discusses discussing
disobey disobeyed disobeyed disobeys disobeying
display displayed displayed displays displaying
dispose disposed disposed disposes disposing
distribute distributed distributed distributes distributing
disturb disturbed disturbed disturbs disturbing
disuse disused disused disuses disusing
dive dived dived dives diving
divide divided divided divides dividing
do did done does doing
donate donated donated donates donating
download downloaded downloaded downloads downloading
drag dragged dragged drags dragging
draw drew drawn draws drawing
dream dreamt dreamt dreams dreaming
dress dressed dressed dresses dressing
drill drilled drilled drills drilling
drink drank drunk drinks drinking
drive drove driven drives driving
drop dropped dropped drops dropping
dry dried dried dries drying
dump dumped dumped dumps dumping
dwell dwelt dwelt dwells dwelling
dye dyed dyed dyes dyeing
earn earned earned earns earning
eat ate eaten eats eating
educate educated educated educates educating
empower empowered empowered empowers empowering
empty emptied emptied empties emptying
encircle encircled encircled encircles encircling
encourage encouraged encouraged encourages encouraging
encroach encroached encroached encroaches encroaching
endanger endangered endangered endangers entangling
endorse endorsed endorsed endorses endorsing
endure endured endured endures enduring
engrave engraved engraved engraves engraving
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed enjoys enjoying
enlarge enlarged enlarged enlarges enlarging
enlighten enlightened enlightened enlightens enlightening
enter entered entered enters entering
envy envied envied envies envying
erase erased erased erases erasing
escape escaped escaped escapes escaping
evaporate evaporated evaporated evaporates evaporating
exchange exchanged exchanged exchanges exchanging
exclaim exclaimed exclaimed exclaims exclaiming
exclude excluded excluded excludes excluding
exist existed existed exists existing
expand expanded expanded expands expanding
expect expected expected expects expecting
explain explained explained explains explaining
explore explored explored explores exploring
express expressed expressed expresses expressing
extend extended extended extends extending
eye eyed eyed eyes eyeing
face faced faced faces facing
fail failed failed fails failing
faint fainted fainted faints fainting
fall fell fallen falls falling
fan fanned fanned fans fanning
fancy fancied fancied fancies fancying
favour favoured favoured favours favouring
fax faxed faxed faxes faxing
feed fed fed feeds feeding
feel felt felt feels feeling
ferry ferried ferried ferries ferrying
fetch fetched fetched fetches fetching
fight fought fought fights fighting
fill filled filled fills filling
find found found finds finding
finish finished finished finishes finishing
fish fished fished fishes fishing
fit fit/fitted fit/fitted fits fitting
fix fixed fixed fixes fixing
fizz fizzed fizzed fizzes fizzing
flap flapped flapped flaps flapping
flash flashed flashed flashes flashing
flee fled fled flees fleeing
fling flung flung flings flinging
float floated floated floats floating
flop flopped flopped flops flopping
fly flew flown flies flying
fold folded folded folds folding
follow followed followed follows following
forbid forbade forbidden forbids forbidding
force forced forced forces forcing
forecast forecast forecast forecasts forecasting
foretell foretold foretold foretells foretelling
forget forgot forgotten forgets forgetting
forgive forgave forgiven forgives forgiving
forlese forlore forlorn forlese forlesing
form formed formed forms forming
forsake forsook forsaken forsakes forsaking
found founded founded founds founding
frame framed framed frames framing
free freed freed frees freeing
freeze froze frozen freezes freezing
frighten frightened frightened frightens frightening
fry fried fried fries frying
fulfil fulfilled fulfilled fulfils fulfilling
gag gagged gagged gags gagging
gain gained gained gains gaining
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid gainsays gainsaying
gash gashed gashed gashes gashing
gaze gazed gazed gazes gazing
get got got gets getting
give gave given gives giving
glance glanced glanced glances glancing
glitter glittered glittered glitters glittering
glow glowed glowed glows glowing
go went gone goes going
google googled googled googles googling
govern governed governed governs governing
grab grabbed grabbed grabs grabbing
grade graded graded grades grading
grant granted granted grants granting
greet greeted greeted greets greeting
grind ground ground grinds grinding
grip gripped gripped grips gripping
grow grew grown grows growing
guard guarded guarded guards guarding
guess guessed guessed guesses guessing
guide guided guided guides guiding
handle handled handled handles handling
hang hung hung hangs hanging
happen happened happened happens happening
harm harmed harmed harms harming
hatch hatched hatched hatches hatching
hate hated hated hates hating
have had had has having
heal healed healed heals healing
hear heard heard hears hearing
heave hove hove heaves heaving
help helped helped helps helping
hew hewed hewn hews hewing
hide hid hidden hides hiding
hinder hindered hindered hinders hindering
hiss hissed hissed hisses hissing
hit hit hit hits hitting
hoax hoaxed hoaxed hoaxes hoaxing
hold held held holds holding
hop hopped hopped hops hopping
hope hoped hoped hopes hoping
horrify horrified horrified horrifies horrifying
hug hugged hugged hugs hugging
hum hummed hummed hums humming
humiliate humiliated humiliated humiliates humiliating
hunt hunted hunted hunts hunting
hurl hurled hurled hurls hurling
hurry hurried hurried hurries hurrying
hurt hurt hurt hurts hurting
hush hushed hushed hushes hushing
hustle hustled hustled hustles hustling
hypnotize hypnotized hypnotized hypnotizes hypnotizing
idealize idealized idealized idealizes idealizing
identify identified identified identifies identifying
idolize idolized idolized idolizes idolizing
ignite ignited ignited ignites igniting
ignore ignored ignored ignores ignoring
ill-treat ill-treated ill-treated ill-treats ill-treating
illuminate illuminated illuminated illuminates illuminating
illumine illumined illumined illumines illumining
illustrate illustrated illustrated illustrates illustrating
imagine imagined imagined imagines imagining
imbibe imbibed imbibed imbibes imbibing
imitate imitated imitated imitates imitating
immerse immersed immersed immerses immersing
immolate immolated immolated immolates immolating
immure immured immured immures immuring
impair impaired impaired impairs impairing
impart imparted imparted imparts imparting
impeach impeached impeached impeaches impeaching
impede impeded impeded impedes impeding
impel impelled impelled impels impelling
impend impended impended impends impending
imperil imperilled imperilled imperils imperilling
impinge impinged impinged impinges impinging
implant implanted implanted implants implanting
implicate implicated implicated implicates implicating
implode imploded imploded implodes imploding
implore implored implored implores imploring
imply implied implied implies implying
import imported imported imports importing
impose imposed imposed imposes imposing
impress impressed impressed impresses impressing
imprint imprinted imprinted imprints imprinting
imprison imprisoned imprisoned imprisons imprisoning
improve improved improved improves improving
inaugurate inaugurated inaugurated inaugurates inaugurating
incise incised incised incises incising
include included included includes including
increase increased increased increases increasing
inculcate inculcated inculcated inculcates inculcating
indent indented indented indents indenting
indicate indicated indicated indicates indicating
induce induced induced induces inducing
indulge indulged indulged indulges indulging
infect infected infected infects infecting
infest infested infested infests infesting
inflame inflamed inflamed inflames inflaming
inflate inflated inflated inflates inflating
inflect inflected inflected inflects inflecting
inform informed informed informs informing
infringe infringed infringed infringes infringing
infuse infused infused infuses infusing
ingest ingested ingested ingests ingesting
inhabit inhabited inhabited inhabits inhabiting
inhale inhaled inhaled inhales inhaling
inherit inherited inherited inherits inheriting
initiate initiated initiated initiates initiating
inject injected injected injects injecting
injure injured injured injures injuring
inlay inlaid inlaid inlays inlaying
innovate innovated innovated innovates innovating
input input input inputs inputting
inquire inquired inquired inquires inquiring
inscribe inscribed inscribed inscribes inscribing
insert inserted inserted inserts inserting
inspect inspected inspected inspects inspecting
inspire inspired inspired inspires inspiring
install installed installed installs installing
insult insulted insulted insults insulting
insure insured insured insures insuring
integrate integrated integrated integrates integrating
introduce introduced introduced introduces introducing
invent invented invented invents inventing
invite invited invited invites inviting
join joined joined joins joining
jump jumped jumped jumps jumping
justify justified justified justifies justifying
keep kept kept keeps keeping
kick kicked kicked kicks kicking
kid kidded kidded kids kidding
kill killed killed kills killing
kiss kissed kissed kisses kissing
kneel knelt knelt kneels kneeling
knit knit knit knits knitting
knock knocked knocked knocks knocking
know knew known knows knowing
lade laded laden lades lading
land landed landed lands landing
last lasted lasted lasts lasting
latch latched latched latches latching
laugh laughed laughed laughs laughing
lay laid laid lays laying
lead led led leads leading
leak leaked leaked leaks leaking
lean leant leant leans leaning
leap leapt leapt leaps leaping
learn learnt learnt learns learning
leave left left leaves leaving
leer leered leered leers leering
lend lent lent lends lending
let let let lets letting
lick licked licked licks licking
lie lay lain lies lying
lie lied lied lies lying
lift lifted lifted lifts lifting
light lit lit lights lighting
like liked liked likes liking
limp limped limped limps limping
listen listened listened listens listening
live lived lived lives living
look looked looked looks looking
lose lost lost loses losing
love loved loved loves loving
magnify magnified magnified magnifies magnifying
maintain maintained maintained maintains maintaining
make made made makes making
manage managed managed manages managing
march marched marched marches marching
mark marked marked marks marking
marry married married marries marrying
mash mashed mashed mashes mashing
match matched matched matches matching
matter mattered mattered matters mattering
mean meant meant means meaning
measure measured measured measures measuring
meet met met meets meeting
melt melted melted melts melting
merge merged merged merges merging
mew mewed mewed mews mewing
migrate migrated migrated migrates migrating
milk milked milked milks milking
mind minded minded minds minding
mislead misled misled misleads misleading
miss missed missed misses missing
mistake mistook mistaken mistakes mistaking
misuse misused misused misuses misusing
mix mixed mixed mixes mixing
moan moaned moaned moans moaning
modify modified modified modifies modifying
moo mooed mooed moos mooing
motivate motivated motivated motivates motivating
mould moulded moulded moulds moulding
moult moulted moulted moults moulting
move moved moved moves moving
mow mowed mown mows mowing
multiply multiplied multiplied multiplies multiplying
murmur murmured murmured murmurs murmuring
nail nailed nailed nails nailing
nap napped napped naps napping
need needed needed needs needing
neglect neglected neglected neglects neglecting
nip nipped nipped nips nipping
nod nodded nodded nods nodding
note noted noted notes noting
notice noticed noticed notices noticing
notify notified notified notifies notifying
nourish nourished nourished nourishes nourishing
nurse nursed nursed nurses nursing
obey obeyed obeyed obeys obeying
oblige obliged obliged obliges obliging
observe observed observed observes observing
obstruct obstructed obstructed obstructs obstructing
obtain obtained obtained obtains obtaining
occupy occupied occupied occupies occupying
occur occurred occurred occurs occurring
offer offered offered offers offering
offset offset offset offsets offsetting
omit omitted omitted omits omitting
ooze oozed oozed oozes oozing
open opened opened opens opening
operate operated operated operates operating
opine opined opined opines opining
oppress oppressed oppressed oppresses oppressing
opt opted opted opts opting
optimize optimized optimized optimizes optimizing
order ordered ordered orders ordering
organize organized organized organizes organizing
originate originated originated originates originating
output output output outputs outputting
overflow overflowed overflowed overflows overflowing
overtake overtook overtaken overtakes overtaking
owe owed owed owes owing
own owned owned owns owning
pacify pacified pacified pacifies pacifying
paint painted painted paints painting
pardon pardoned pardoned pardons pardoning
part parted parted parts parting
partake partook partaken partakes partaking
participate participated participated participates participating
pass passed passed passes passing
paste pasted pasted pastes pasting
pat patted patted pats patting
patch patched patched patches patching
pause paused paused pauses pausing
pay paid paid pays paying
peep peeped peeped peeps peeping
perish perished perished perishes perishing
permit permitted permitted permits permitting
persuade persuaded persuaded persuades persuading
phone phoned phoned phones phoning
place placed placed places placing
plan planned planned plans planning
play played played plays playing
plead pled pled pleads pleading
please pleased pleased pleases pleasing
plod plodded plodded plods plodding
plot plotted plotted plots plotting
pluck plucked plucked plucks plucking
ply plied plied plies plying
point pointed pointed points pointing
polish polished polished polishes polishing
pollute polluted polluted pollutes polluting
ponder pondered pondered ponders pondering
pour poured poured pours pouring
pout pouted pouted pouts pouting
practise practised practised practises practising
praise praised praised praises praising
pray prayed prayed prays praying
preach preached preached preaches preaching
prefer preferred preferred prefers preferring
prepare prepared prepared prepares preparing
prescribe prescribed prescribed prescribes prescribing
present presented presented presents presenting
preserve preserved preserved preserves preserving
preset preset preset presets presetting
preside presided presided presides presiding
press pressed pressed presses pressing
pretend pretended pretended pretends pretending
prevent prevented prevented prevents preventing
print printed printed prints printing
proceed proceeded proceeded proceeds proceeding
produce produced produced produces producing
progress progressed progressed progresses progressing
prohibit prohibited prohibited prohibits prohibiting
promise promised promised promises promising
propose proposed proposed proposes proposing
prosecute prosecuted prosecuted prosecutes prosecuting
protect protected protected protects protecting
prove proved proved proves proving
provide provided provided provides providing
pull pulled pulled pulls pulling
punish punished punished punishes punishing
purify purified purified purifies purifying
push pushed pushed pushes pushing
put put put puts putting
qualify qualified qualified qualifies qualifying
quarrel quarrelled quarrelled quarrels quarrelling
question questioned questioned questions questioning
quit quit quit quits quitting
race raced raced races racing
rain rained rained rains raining
rattle rattled rattled rattles rattling
reach reached reached reaches reaching
read read read reads reading
realize realized realized realizes realizing
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt rebuilds rebuilding
recall recalled recalled recalls recalling
recast recast recast recasts recasting
receive received received receives receiving
recite recited recited recites reciting
recognize recognized recognized recognizes recognizing
recollect recollected recollected recollects recollecting
recur recurred recurred recurs recurring
redo redid redone redoes redoing
reduce reduced reduced reduces reducing
refer referred referred refers referring
reflect reflected reflected reflects reflecting
refuse refused refused refuses refusing
regard regarded regarded regards regarding
regret regretted regretted regrets regretting
relate related related relates relating
relax relaxed relaxed relaxes relaxing
rely relied relied relies relying
remain remained remained remains remaining
remake remade remade remakes remaking
remove removed removed removes removing
rend rent rent rends rending
renew renewed renewed renews renewing
renounce renounced renounced renounces renouncing
repair repaired repaired repairs repairing
repeat repeated repeated repeats repeating
replace replaced replaced replaces replacing
reply replied replied replies replying
report reported reported reports reporting
request requested requested requests requesting
resell resold resold resells reselling
resemble resembled resembled resembles resembling
reset reset reset resets resetting
resist resisted resisted resists resisting
resolve resolved resolved resolves resolving
respect respected respected respects respecting
rest rested rested rests resting
restrain restrained restrained restrains restraining
retain retained retained retains retaining
retch retched retched retches retching
retire retired retired retires retiring
return returned returned returns returning
reuse reused reused reuses reusing
review reviewed reviewed reviews reviewing
rewind rewound rewound rewinds rewinding
rid rid rid rids ridding
ride rode ridden rides riding
ring rang rung rings ringing
rise rose risen rises rising
roar roared roared roars roaring
rob robbed robbed robs robbing
roll rolled rolled rolls rolling
rot rotted rotted rots rotting
rub rubbed rubbed rubs rubbing
rule ruled ruled rules ruling
run ran run runs running
rush rushed rushed rushes rushing
sabotage sabotaged sabotaged sabotages sabotaging
sack sacked sacked sacks sacking
sacrifice sacrificed sacrificed sacrifices sacrificing
sadden saddened saddened saddens saddening
saddle saddled saddled saddles saddling
sag sagged sagged sags sagging
sail sailed sailed sails sailing
sally sallied sallied sallies sallying
salute saluted saluted salutes saluting
salvage salvaged salvaged salvages salvaging
salve salved salved salves salving
sample sampled sampled samples sampling
sanctify sanctified sanctified sanctifies sanctifying
sanction sanctioned sanctioned sanctions sanctioning
sap sapped sapped saps sapping
saponify saponified saponified saponifies saponifying
sash sashed sashed sashes sashing
sashay sashayed sashayed sashays sashaying
sass sassed sassed sasses sassing
sate sated sated sates sating
satiate satiated satiated satiates satiating
satirise satirised satirised satirises satirising
satisfy satisfied satisfied satisfies satisfying
saturate saturated saturated saturates saturating
saunter sauntered sauntered saunters sauntering
save saved saved saves saving
savor savored savored savors savoring
savvy savvied savvied savvies savvying
saw sawed sawn saws sawing
say said said says saying
scab scabbed scabbed scabs scabbing
scabble scabbled scabbled scabbles scabbling
scald scalded scalded scalds scalding
scale scaled scaled scales scaling
scam scammed scammed scams scamming
scan scanned scanned scans scanning
scant scanted scanted scants scanting
scar scarred scarred scars scarring
scare scared scared scares scaring
scarify scarified scarified scarifies scarifying
scarp scarped scarped scarps scarping
scat scatted scatted scats scatting
scatter scattered scattered scatters scattering
scold scolded scolded scolds scolding
scorch scorched scorched scorches scorching
scowl scowled scowled scowls scowling
scrawl scrawled scrawled scrawls scrawling
scream screamed screamed screams screaming
screw screwed screwed screws screwing
scrub scrubbed scrubbed scrubs scrubbing
search searched searched searches searching
seat seated seated seats seating
secure secured secured secures securing
see saw seen sees seeing
seek sought sought seeks seeking
seem seemed seemed seems seeming
seize seized seized seizes seizing
select selected selected selects selecting
sell sold sold sells selling
send sent sent sends sending
sentence sentenced sentenced sentences sentencing
separate separated separated separates separating
set set set sets setting
sever severed severed severs severing
sew sewed sewn sews sewing
shake shook shaken shakes shaking
shape shaped shaped shapes shaping
share shared shared shares sharing
shatter shattered shattered shatters shattering
shave shove shaven shaves shaving
shear shore shorn shears shearing
shed shed shed sheds shedding
shine shone shone shines shining
shirk shirked shirked shirks shirking
shit shit shit shits shitting
shiver shivered shivered shivers shivering
shock shocked shocked shocks shocking
shoe shod shod shoes shoeing
shoot shot shot shoots shooting
shorten shortened shortened shortens shortening
shout shouted shouted shouts shouting
show showed shown shows showing
shrink shrank shrunk shrinks shrinking
shun shunned shunned shuns shunning
shut shut shut shuts shutting
sight sighted sighted sights sighting
signal signalled signalled signals signalling
signify signified signified signifies signifying
sing sang sung sings singing
sink sank sunk sinks sinking
sip sipped sipped sips sipping
sit sat sat sits sitting
ski skied skied skis skiing
skid skidded skidded skids skidding
slam slammed slammed slams slamming
slay slew slain slays slaying
sleep slept slept sleeps sleeping
slide slid slid/slide slides sliding
slim slimmed slimmed slims slimming
sling slung slung slings slinging
slink slunk slunk slinks slinking
slip slipped slipped slips slipping
slit slit slit slits slitting
smash smashed smashed smashes smashing
smell smelt smelt smells smelling
smile smiled smiled smiles smiling
smite smote smitten smites smiting
smooth smoothed smoothed smoothes smoothing
smother smothered smothered smothers smothering
snap snapped snapped snaps snapping
snatch snatched snatched snatches snatching
sneak snuck snuck sneaks sneaking
sneeze sneezed sneezed sneezes sneezing
sniff sniffed sniffed sniffs sniffing
soar soared soared soars soaring
sob sobbed sobbed sobs sobbing
solicit solicited solicited solicits soliciting
solve solved solved solves solving
soothe soothed soothed soothes soothing
sort sorted sorted sorts sorting
sow sowed sowed sows sowing
sparkle sparkled sparkled sparkles sparkling
speak spoke spoken speaks speaking
speed sped sped speeds speeding
spell spelt spelt spells spelling
spend spent spent spends spending
spill spilt spilt spills spilling
spin span/spun spun spins spinning
spit spat/spit spat/spit spits spitting
split split split splits splitting
spoil spoilt spoilt spoils spoiling
spray sprayed sprayed sprays spraying
spread spread spread spreads spreading
spring sprang sprung springs springing
sprout sprouted sprouted sprouts sprouting
squeeze squeezed squeezed squeezes squeezing
stand stood stood stands standing
stare stared stared stares staring
start started started starts starting
state stated stated states stating
stay stayed stayed stays staying
steal stole stolen steals stealing
steep steeped steeped steeps steeping
stem stemmed stemmed stems stemming
step stepped stepped steps stepping
sterilize sterilized sterilized sterilizes sterilizing
stick stuck stuck sticks sticking
stimulate stimulated stimulated stimulates stimulating
sting stung stung stings stinging
stink stank stunk stinks stinking
stir stirred stirred stirs stirring
stitch stitched stitched stitches stitching
stoop stooped stooped stoops stooping
stop stopped stopped stops stopping
store stored stored stores storing
strain strained strained strains straining
stray strayed strayed strays straying
stress stressed stressed stresses stressing
stretch stretched stretched stretches stretching
strew strewed strewn strews strewing
stride strode stridden strides striding
strike struck struck/stricken strikes striking
string strung strung strings stringing
strive strove striven strives striving
study studied studied studies studying
submit submitted submitted submits submitting
subscribe subscribed subscribed subscribes subscribing
subtract subtracted subtracted subtracts subtracting
succeed succeeded succeeded succeeds succeeding
suck sucked sucked sucks sucking
suffer suffered suffered suffers suffering
suggest suggested suggested suggests suggesting
summon summoned summoned summons summoning
supply supplied supplied supplies supplying
support supported supported supports supporting
suppose supposed supposed supposes supposing
surge surged surged surges surging
surmise surmised surmised surmises surmising
surpass surpassed surpassed surpasses surpassing
surround surrounded surrounded surrounds surrounding
survey surveyed surveyed surveys surveying
survive survived survived survives surviving
swallow swallowed swallowed swallows swallowing
sway swayed swayed sways swaying
swear swore sworn swears swearing
sweat sweat sweat sweats sweating
sweep swept swept sweeps sweeping
swell swelled swollen swells swelling
swim swam swum swims swimming
swing swung swung swings swinging
swot swotted swotted swots swotting
take took taken takes taking
talk talked talked talks talking
tap tapped tapped taps tapping
taste tasted tasted tastes tasting
tax taxed taxed taxes taxing
teach taught taught teaches teaching
tear tore torn tears tearing
tee teed teed tees teeing
tell told told tells telling
tempt tempted tempted tempts tempting
tend tended tended tends tending
terminate terminated terminated terminates terminating
terrify terrified terrified terrifies terrifying
test tested tested tests testing
thank thanked thanked thanks thanking
think thought thought thinks thinking
thrive throve thriven thrives thriving
throw threw thrown throws throwing
thrust thrust thrust thrusts thrusting
thump thumped thumped thumps thumping
tie tied tied ties tying
tire tired tired tires tiring
toss tossed tossed tosses tossing
touch touched touched touches touching
train trained trained trains training
trample trampled trampled tramples trampling
transfer transferred transferred transfers transferring
transform transformed transformed transforms transforming
translate translated translated translates translating
trap trapped trapped traps trapping
travel travelled travelled travels travelling
tread trod trodden treads treading
treasure treasured treasured treasures treasuring
treat treated treated treats treating
tree treed treed trees treeing
tremble trembled trembled trembles trembling
triumph triumphed triumphed triumphs triumphing
trust trusted trusted trusts trusting
try tried tried tries trying
turn turned turned turns turning
type typed typed types typing
typeset typeset typeset typesets typesetting
understand understood understood understands understanding
undo undid undone undoes undoing
uproot uprooted uprooted uproots uprooting
upset upset upset upsets upsetting
urge urged urged urges urging
use used used uses using
utter uttered uttered utters uttering
value valued valued values valuing
vanish vanished vanished vanishes vanishing
vary varied varied varies varying
verify verified verified verifies verifying
vex vexed vexed vexes vexing
vie vied vied vies vying
view viewed viewed views viewing
violate violated violated violates violating
vomit vomited vomited vomits vomiting
wake woke woken wakes waking
walk walked walked walks walking
wander wandered wandered wanders wandering
want wanted wanted wants wanting
warn warned warned warns warning
waste wasted wasted wastes wasting
watch watched watched watches watching
water watered watered waters watering
wave waved waved waves waving
wax waxed waxed waxes waxing
waylay waylaid waylaid waylays waylaying
wear wore worn wears wearing
weave wove woven weaves weaving
wed wed wed weds wedding
weep wept wept weeps weeping
weigh weighed weighed weighs weighing
welcome welcomed welcomed welcomes welcoming
wend went went wends wending
wet wet wet wets wetting
whip whipped whipped whips whipping
whisper whispered whispered whispers whispering
win won won wins winning
wind wound wound winds winding
wish wished wished wishes wishing
withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdraws withdrawing
work worked worked works working
worry worried worried worries worrying
worship worshipped worshipped worships worshipping
wring wrung wrung wrings wringing
write wrote written writes writing
yawn yawned yawned yawns yawning
yell yelled yelled yells yelling
yield yielded yielded yields yielding
zinc zincked zincked zincs zincking
zoom zoomed zoomed zooms zooming
Regular Verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are
formed by adding a -d or an -ed to the end of the verb.
Past Participle
Base Form Past Form Form s / es/ ies ‘ing’ form
abide abode abode abides abiding
alight alit alit alights alighting
arise arose arisen arises arising
awake awoke awoken awakes awaking
be (am,are) was / were been is being
bear bore born/borne bears bearing
beat beat beaten beats beating
become became become becomes becoming
befall befell befallen befalls befalling
begin began begun begins beginning
behold beheld beheld beholds beholding
bend bent bent bends bending
bereave bereft bereft bereaves bereaving
beseech besought besought beseeches beseeching
bet bet bet bets betting
bid bade bidden bids bidding
bid bid bid bids bidding
bind bound bound binds binding
bite bit bitten bites biting
bleed bled bled bleeds bleeding
blow blew blown blows blowing
break broke broken breaks breaking
breed bred bred breeds breeding
bring brought brought brings bringing
broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasts broadcasting
build built built builds building
burn burnt burnt burns burning
burst burst burst bursts bursting
bust bust bust busts busting
buy bought bought buys buying
cast cast cast casts casting
catch caught caught catches catching
chide chid chidden chides chiding
choose chose chosen chooses choosing
cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft cleaves cleaving
cling clung clung clings clinging
clothe clad clad clothes clothing
come came come comes coming
cost cost cost costs costing
creep crept crept creeps creeping
cut cut cut cuts cutting
deal dealt dealt deals dealing
dig dug dug digs digging
do did done does doing
draw drew drawn draws drawing
dream dreamt dreamt dreams dreaming
drink drank drunk drinks drinking
drive drove driven drives driving
dwell dwelt dwelt dwells dwelling
eat ate eaten eats eating
fall fell fallen falls falling
fart fart fart farts farting
feed fed fed feeds feeding
feel felt felt feels feeling
fight fought fought fights fighting
find found found finds finding
fit fit fit fits fitting
flee fled fled flees fleeing
fling flung flung flings flinging
fly flew flown flies flying
forbid forbade forbidden forbids forbidding
forecast forecast forecast forecasts forecasting
forget forgot forgotten forgets forgetting
forgive forgave forgiven forgives forgiving
forsake forsook forsaken forsakes forsaking
freeze froze frozen freezes freezing
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid gainsays gainsaying
get got got gets getting
gird girt girt girds girding
give gave given gives giving
go went gone goes going
grave grove graven graves graving
grow grew grown grows growing
hang hung hung hangs hanging
have had had has having
hear heard heard hears hearing
heave hove hove heaves heaving
hew hewed hewn hews hewing
hide hid hidden hides hiding
hit hit hit hits hitting
hold held held holds holding
hurt hurt hurt hurts hurting
inlay inlaid inlaid inlays inlaying
input input input inputs inputting
keep kept kept keeps keeping
kneel knelt knelt kneels kneeling
knit knit knit knits knitting
know knew known knows knowing
lade laded laden lades lading
lay laid laid lays laying
lead led led leads leading
lean leant leant leans leaning
leap leapt leapt leaps leaping
learn learnt learnt learns learning
leave left left leaves leaving
lend lent lent lends lending
let let let lets letting
lie lay lain lies lying
light lit lit lights lighting
lose lost lost loses losing
make made made makes making
mean meant meant means meaning
meet met met meets meeting
mistake mistook mistaken mistakes mistaking
mow mowed mown mows mowing
partake partook partaken partakes partaking
pay paid paid pays paying
plead pled pled pleads pleading
put put put puts putting
quit quit quit quits quitting
read (રરર) read (રરર) read (રરર) reads reading
rend rent rent rends rending
rid rid rid rids ridding
ride rode ridden rides riding
ring rang rung rings ringing
rise rose risen rises rising
run ran run runs running
saw sawed sawn saws sawing
say said said says saying
see saw seen sees seeing
seek sought sought seeks seeking
sell sold sold sells selling
send sent sent sends sending
set set set sets setting
sew sewed sewn sews sewing
shake shook shaken shakes shaking
shave shove shaven shaves shaving
shear shore shorn shears shearing
shed shed shed sheds shedding
shine shone shone shines shining
shit shit shit shits shitting
shoe shod shod shoes shoeing
shoot shot shot shoots shooting
show showed shown shows showing
shrink shrank shrunk shrinks shrinking
shrive shrove shriven shrives shriving
shut shut shut shuts shutting
sing sang sung sings singing
sink sank sunk sinks sinking
sit sat sat sits sitting
slay slew slain slays slaying
sleep slept slept sleeps sleeping
slide slid slid slides sliding
sling slung slung slings slinging
slink slunk slunk slinks slinking
slit slit slit slits slitting
smell smelt smelt smells smelling
smite smote smitten smites smiting
sneak snuck snuck sneaks sneaking
speak spoke spoken speaks speaking
speed sped sped speeds speeding
spell spelt spelt spells spelling
spend spent spent spends spending
spill spilt spilt spills spilling
spin spun spun spins spinning
spit spat spat spits spitting
split split split splits splitting
spoil spoilt spoilt spoils spoiling
spread spread spread spreads spreading
spring sprang sprung springs springing
stand stood stood stands standing
steal stole stolen steals stealing
stick stuck stuck sticks sticking
sting stung stung stings stinging
stink stank stunk stinks stinking
strew strewed strewn strews strewing
stride strode stridden strides striding
strike struck stricken strikes striking
string strung strung strings stringing
strive strove striven strives striving
swear swore sworn swears swearing
sweat sweat sweat sweats sweating
sweep swept swept sweeps sweeping
swell swelled swollen swells swelling
swim swam swum swims swimming
swing swung swung swings swinging
take took taken takes taking
teach taught taught teaches teaching
tear tore torn tears tearing
tell told told tells telling
think thought thought thinks thinking
thrive throve thriven thrives thriving
throw threw thrown throws throwing
thrust thrust thrust thrusts thrusting
tread trod trodden treads treading
understand understood understood understands understanding
wake woke woken wakes waking
way-lay way-laid way-laid way-lays way-laying
wear wore worn wears wearing
weave wove woven weaves weaving
wed wed wed weds wedding
weep wept wept weeps weeping
welcome welcomed welcomed welcomes welcoming
wend went went wends wending
wet wet wet wets wetting
win won won wins winning
wind wound wound winds winding
withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdraws withdrawing
wring wrung wrung wrings wringing
write wrote written writes writing
There is no formula to predict how an irregular verb will form its past-tense and past-participle forms.
There are over 250 irregular verbs in English. Although they do not follow a formula, there are some
fairly common irregular forms. Some of these forms are:
Phrasal Verb
Abide by
Account for
Ache for
Act on /Act upon
Act on /Act upon
Act out
Act out
Act up
Add on
Add up
Add up
Add up to
Add up to
Agree with
Aim at
Aim at
Allow for
Allow of
Angle for
Answer back
Answer for
Answer for
Argue down
Argue down
Argue down
Ask about
Ask after
Ask around
Ask around
Ask for
Ask for
Ask in
Ask out
Ask over
Ask round
Auction off
Back away
Bail out of
Bail out on
Bail up
Bail up
Ball up
Ball up
Balls up
Bang about
Back down
Back into
Back off
Back out
Back out of
Back out of
Back up
Back up
Back up
Bag out
Bail out
Bail out
Bail out
Bang around
Bang on
Bang on about
Bang out
Bang up
Bang up
Bargain down
Bargain on
Barge in / into
Bash about
Bash in
Bash out
Bash up
Bawl out
Bawl out
Be after
Be along
Be away
Be cut out for
Be cut up
Be down
Be down
Be down on
Be down with
Be fed up
Be in
Be in
Be in on
Be not on
Be off
Be off
Be on
Be on
Be on
Be on
Be on about
Be on to
Be out
Be out to
Be snowed under
Be taken aback
Be taken with
Be up
Be up
Be up
Be up for
Be up to
Be up to
Bear down on
Bear on
Bear out
Beat down
Beat out
Beat up
Beaver away
Beaver away at
Bear up
Bear up under
Bear with
Bed down
Bed down
Bed out
Beef up
Belong to
Belong to
Belong with
Belt out
Belt up
Belt up
Bend down
Bend over
Bend over backwards
Big up
Big up
Bitch up
Black out
Black out
Black out
Black out
Blare out
Blast off
Blaze away
Bleed out
Bliss out
Block in
Block in
Block off
Block out
Block up
Blow away
Blow away
Blow away
Blow away
Blow down
Blow in
Blow off
Blow off
Blow off
Blow out
Blow over
Blow up
Blow up
Blow up
Blow up
Blow up
Blurt out
Board out
Board up
Bog down
Bog in / into
Bog off!
Boil down
Boil down to
Boil over
Boil up
Bolster up
Bone up
Book in
Book into
Book out
Book up
Boot up
Border on
Boss about / around
Botch up
Bottle away
Bottle out
Bottle up
Bottom out
Bounce into
Bounce back
Bounce off
Bowl out
Bowl over
Bowl over
Box in
Box up
Brace up
Branch out
Break away
Break down
Break down
Break down
Break down
Break in
Break in
Break in
Break in
Break off
Break out
Break out in
Break out of
Break through
Break up
Break up
Break up / off
Break up
Breeze along
Breeze into / in
Breeze through
Brick in / up
Brighten up
Brighten up
Bring about
Bring along
Bring around
Bring around
Bring around
Bring back
Bring back
Bring down
Bring forth
Bring forward
Bring in
Bring off
Bring on
Bring on
Bring out
Bring out
Bring out in
Bring round
Bring Up
Bring Up
Bring Up
Brush off
Brush up
Bubble over
Buck up
Buck up
Bucket down
Buckle down
Buckle under
Buckle up
Budge up
Buff up
Buff up
Buff up on
Bug off!
Bug out
Bug out
Build up
Build up
Bulk out
Bulk up
Bump into
Bump off
Bump up
Bundle off
Bundle out
Bundle up
Bundle up
Bunk off
Buoy up
Buoy up
Burn down
Burn off
Burn out
Burn up
Burn up
Burn up
Burst into
Burst into
Bust up
Butt in
Butt out
Butter up
Buy in
Buy into
Buy off
Buy out
Buy up
Buzz around
Buzz off
Buzz off!
Meaning
Accept or follow a decision or rule
To explain
Want something or someone a lot
To take action because of something like information received.
Affect
Perform something with actions and gestures
Express an emotion in your behaviour
Behave badly or strangely
Include in a calculation
To make a mathematical total
Be a satisfactory explanation for something
Have a certain result
Come to a certain amount or figure
Affect- usually used in the negative to show that something has had a negative effect, especially is it makes you feel bad.
To target
Intend to achieve
Include something in a plan or calculation
Make possible, permit
Try to get something indirectly by hinting or suggesting
To reply rudely to someone in authority
Be held responsible for a problem
Speak on behalf of someone or from knowing them
Beat someone in a debate, discussion or argument
Persuade someone to drop the price of something they're selling.
Argue about a problem to find a solution.
Ask how someone is doing, especially professionally and in terms of a health
Enquire about someone's health, how life is going.
Ask a number of people for information of help.
Invite someone.
To provoke a negative reaction
Request to have or be given.
To invite somebody into your house
To invite someone for a date.
Invite
Invite someone.
Sell something in an auction.
Retreat or go backwards.
Pay a bond to release someone from jail.
Stop supporting someone when they are in trouble.
Talk to someone and delay them.
Rob someone at gunpoint.
Confuse or make things complicated.
Roll or form into a round shape.
Spoil, ruin.
Move in a place making a lot of noise.
Retract or withdraw your position or proposal in an argument.
Enter a parking area in reverse gear
Retreat.
Fail to keep an arrangement or promise.
Fail to keep an agreement, arrangement.
Exit a parking area in reverse gear.
Make a copy of computer data.
Support.
Drive a vehicle backwards.
Criticise.
Save, rescue.
Remove water from something that is flooded.
Jump out of a plane because it is going to crash.
Move in a place making a lot of noise.
Talk at great length.
Keep talking about something.
Play a musical instrument loudly.
Put someone in prison.
Damage badly.
Persuade someone to drop the price of something they're selling.
Expect something to happen (usually negative).
Enter a place and interrupt people rudely.
Mistreat physically.
Break, damage or injure by hitting.
Write something quickly without much preparation.
Break, damage or hurt by hitting.
Scold, shout at someone.
Sing or shout unpleasantly loudly.
Try to find or get.
Arrive.
Be elsewhere; on holiday, etc..
Be suitable, have the necessary qualities.
Be upset.
Be depressed.
Be reduced or less.
Have negative feelings toward someone.
Be ill.
Be bored, upset or sick of something.
Be at home or at work.
Be submitted, arrive.
Be involved in.
Be unacceptable.
Be bad (of food).
Depart, leave.
Be functioning (of machines).
Take place.
Take medication or drugs, especially when they affect the person badly.
Be at the top of one’s game, performing very well.
Mean, try to say.
Pursue, be aware of someone's true nature.
Be absent from a place.
Have no more left or Attempt.
Have too much work.
Be shocked or surprised.
Like something.
Be out of bed.
Have increased or risen.
When the time for something finishes or expires.
Be enthusiastic about an upcoming event.
Be good enough.
Doing something naughty or wrong.
Move towards.
Influence, affect.
Confirm that something is correct.
Get someone to lower the price of something.
Narrowly win in competition.
Attack violently.
Work hard.
Work hard doing something.
Resist pressure.
Cope with something difficult or stressful.
Be patient.
Sleep somewhere less comfortable than normal.
Become established or successful over time.
Move a plant outside.
Make something stronger or more solid.
Be a member.
Be connected to a time, place, belief, thing, etc.
Be in the correct or appropriate location with other items.
Sing something loudly.
Be quiet.
Fasten your seatbelt.
Lower the top half of your body.
Lower the top part of your body.
Do a lot to try to help or please someone.
Exaggerate the importance.
Increase the size of muscles by exercise.
Spoil or ruin something.
Fall unconscious.
Lose light.
Censor text so that words cannot be read.
Have a temporary memory failure.
A loud sound or music.
Leave the ground- spaceship or rocket.
Fire a gun repeatedly.
Cause sufficient blood loss to result in death.
Be extremely relaxed and happy.
Park a car and obstruct another car.
Shade or fill in.
Obstruct an exit to prevent people from leaving.
Try not think about or feel something because it is upsetting or painful.
Fill a space so that nothing can pass.
Kill
Beat rivals or competitors by a large margin.
Impress greatly.
When the wind moves something from a place.
When the wind forces something to fall.
Arrive, sometimes suddenly or unexpectedly.
Not keep an appointment.
Ignore, not do something.
Expel gas from the anus.
Defeat decisively.
When a scandal gets forgotten.
Explode.
Inflate.
Enlarge (e.g., photograph)..
The beginning of a storm.
Lose your temper, become angry.
Say something quickly without thinking, especially if you shouldn't.
Arrange for pets to stay somewhere while you're away.
Cover windows or doors with wood, metal, etc.
Slow make progress.
Eat something enthusiastically.
Get lost.
Simplify, reduce to the essentials.
Amount to.
When people lose their tempers and things get nasty.
Feel a negative emotion strongly.
Give support, reinforce, strengthen.
Study hard for a reason.
Check in at a hotel.
Make a reservation in advance.
Leave a place in a hurry.
Reserve.
Start a computer.
Be very nearly something.
Use excessive authority to control people.
Ruin or spoil something.
Store up.
Lack of courage to do something.
Not express your feelings.
Pass the lowest point and start rising.
Force someone.
Recover.
Test ideas.
Hit someone's wicket in cricket with the ball.
Surprise someone greatly.
Knock someone to the ground.
Prevent something from moving, especially vehicles.
Pack things in boxes to move them.
Feel more confident or optimistic about something.
Move into a different area of business, etc..
Leave an organisation, usually to form a new one.
End negotiations unsuccessfully.
Start crying.
Stop working.
Remove a barrier or obstacle.
Go into a building to steal something.
Interrupt something.
Train a horse to be ridden.
Carefully use new products until they are fully functional..
Break a piece from something.
Start (war, conflict).
Sweat heavily, develop skin sores or irritation.
Escape.
Pass a barrier or obstacle.
Break into many pieces.
Close an educational institution for the holidays.
To Finish or End a relationship.
Become inaudible over the telephone because of interference.
Move easily and quickly.
Enter a place quickly.
Pass easily, succeed.
Close or fill a space with bricks.
Improve (weather).
Become happier. or Make something more attractive or pleasant.
Make something happen.
Bring someone or something to certain place. Or Help someone improve
Persuade or convince someone.
Bring something with you when you visit.
Get someone talking about something.
Cause someone to remember.
Return
Make something cheaper.
Produce something, make it known or visible.
Make something happen earlier than originally planned.
Earn.
Succeed with something difficult.
Cause something to happen or speed up
Make something appear.
Release or publish.
Elicit a response.
Cause a health problem or reaction.
Make someone wake up from unconsciousness or an anaesthetic.
Mention.
Raise a child.
Be officially charged with a crime.
Ignore, pay little attention.
Improve a skill quickly.
Become very excited.
Hurry (either transitive or reflexive).
Smarten up, improve.
Rain heavily.
Start working hard, apply yourself.
Accept something under pressure, against your will.
Fasten a seatbelt.
Move to make space for someone.
Clear, clean or make something shine.
Improve.
Improve your knowledge quickly.
Go away.
Open your eyes wide in surprise.
Leave somewhere in a hurry.
Develop a company.
Increase.
Make something bigger or thicker.
Gain weight, develop bigger muscles.
Meet by chance.
Kill.
Increase.
Send someone somewhere.
Expel.
Put on warm clothing.
Wrap or tie things together.
Not go to school when you should.
Make someone feel more positive.
Keep afloat.
Burn completely.
Remove by burning or similar process.
Lose enthusiasm and energy to continue in a demanding job.
Destroy completely by fire.
Drive at high speed.
To be or cause to be highly annoyed.
Catch fire very quickly.
Laugh, cry or clap loudly.
End a relationship, usually angrily or after arguing.
Interrupt
Not be involved in other people's business.
Praise or flatter someone excessively.
Force
Accept an idea.
Pay someone to stop them causing trouble.
Buy somebody's share in a company.
Buy all of something.
Move quickly around a place.
Leave somewhere
Go away (imperative).
Sentence
Auxiliaries
These are divided on two categories:
Primary Auxiliaries: Which can be used as helping verbs as well as principal verbs.
Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Do, Does, Did, Have, Has, Had
Examples
Am
I am a software professional.
I am working for Wipro.
Is
He is a doctor.
He is performing a surgery at the movement.
Are
We are students of Hansraj College.
We are participating in a football tournament here.
Was
Kalidasa was a great poet.
Gopal was riding a bi-cycle when he was hit by a scooter.
Were
They were my classmates in Dehradun.
They were going to Goa when their train met with an accident.
Have
I have many grammar books at home.
I have read all of them.
Has
He has a laptop with him.
He has put it in his briefcase.
Had
I had a beautiful pen.
I had bought it in 2004.
Do
They do their work sincerely.
They do not go home before 8 pm.
Does
He does his work efficiently.
He does not waste even a single minute.
Did
She did her job.
Did she come to office yesterday?
Modal Auxiliaries: Which are always used as helping verbs. In other words they cannot be used as Principal verbs.
Will, Shall, Would, Should, Can, Could, May, Might, Ought to, Must, Need.
Examples
Will – It is used to express intention. It is normally used in future tense.
We will go to Jaisalmer next week.
They will visit our place in February.
Will they accompany you for lunch?
Shall
Shall I take leave tomorrow?
Shall we go on a picnic next week?
Shall we have coffee in CP?
Should
You should pay attention in the class.
Should I accompany her to her house?
You should drink two glasses of water daily in the morning.
Might – It is the past form of may and is used to express less certain situations.
I might take a leave tomorrow.
Dad might come to office the day after tomorrow.
Mid term elections might be announced in mid March.
ADVERBS
Are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Adverbs of Manner: Show how (or the manner in which) an action is done. Adverbs of place answer the question -'How'?
Some examples are: Wisely, Foolishly, Well, Fast, Slowly, Bravely .
Adverbs of Place: Show where an action is done. Adverbs of place answer the question -'Where'?
Some examples are: Outside, Everywhere, Here, There, Hither, Thither, Out, Forward.
Adverbs of Time: Show when an action is done. Adverbs of time answer the question -'When'?
Some examples are: Yesterday, Tomorrow, Daily, Early, Presently, Immediately.
Adverbs of Number: The Adverbs of number show how often an action is done. Adverbs of number answer the question -'How
Some examples are: Twice, Always, Seldom.
Adjectives can be divided on: Proper Adjectives, Possessive Adjectives, Demonstrative Adjectives, Interrogative Adjectives and
Proper Adjectives: They tend to look like proper nouns because they are capitalized, BUT they are always modifying nouns. Th
For Example: Darjeeling Tea is very famous around the world.
Now, the kind of Tea is Darjeeling (which is a place in India).
Possessive Adjectives: They are pretty similar, almost identical, to a possessive pronoun. But, these are used as an adjective an
Some examples are: My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their.
Demonstrative Adjectives: They are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but these are used as adjectives to modify nouns
Some examples are: This, These, That, Those and What.
Interrogative Adjective: Is like an interrogative pronoun, however, it modifies a noun or noun phrase instead of standing on its
Some examples are: Which or What.
Indefinite Adjective: Similar to indefinite pronouns, but these modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.
Some examples are: None, Any.
ADJECTIVES : Can also show degrees of comparison and they change their forms when they show comparison.
Positive Degree: An adjective is said to be in the positive degree when there is no comparison.
Comparative Degree: An adjective is said to be in the comparitive degree when it is used to compare two nouns/pronouns.
Superlative Degree: An adjective is in superlative degree when it is used to compare more than two nouns/pronouns. We use
3) When the positive ends in 'y' and has a consonant before it, we change 'y' into 'i' and then add 'er' and 'est'.
By deletin
PO
costly
dry
easy
happy
heavy
lazy
mercy
wealthy
4) when the positive degree ends in a consonant with a vowel before it, we double the consonant & then add '-er' and '-est'
PO
big
dim
fat
hot
thin
5) by addition of '-er' and '-est' to the positive degree when it ends in '-y'
PO
gay
grey
PO
active
attractive
beautiful
brilliant
careful
courageous
cunning
difficult
famous
faithful
important
proper
popular
splendid
suitable
Some adjectives do not follow any of the rules explained earlier. They are compared irregularly. Here are the different forms of
PO
bad
evil
good
ill
far
well
late
late
little
much
many
near
old
old
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
costlier costliest
drier driest
easier easiest
happier happiest
heavier heaviest
lasier lasiest
mercier merciest
wealthier wealthiest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
bigger biggest
dimmer dimmest
fatter fattest
hotter hottest
thinner thinnest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
gayer gayest
greyer greyest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
more active most active
more most
attractive attractive
more most
beautiful beautiful
more most
brilliant brilliant
more
careful most careful
more most
courageous courageous
more most
cunning cunning
more most
difficult difficult
more most
famous famous
more most
faithful faithful
more most
important important
more
proper most proper
more most
popular popular
more most
splendid splendid
more most
suitable suitable
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
worse worst
worse worst
better best
worse worst
farther farthest
better best
Object of a Verb
If we ask what or whom after the verb, the answer we get is the object of the verb.
Plural Nouns: Regular or Irregular
Regular Nouns:
For their plural form of most nouns, add s.
bottle – bottles
cup – cups
elephant - elephants
pencil – pencils
desk – desks
sticker – stickers
table - tables
truck - trucks
window – windows
echo – echoes
hero – heroes
tomato – tomatoes
Irregular Nouns
For nouns ending in ch, x, s, is or s sounds, add es.
box – boxes
cross - crosses
loss - losses
watch – watches
mass – masses
bus – buses
analysis - analyses
crisis - crises
But o change to os
auto - autos
kangaroo - kangaroos
kilo - kilos
memo - memos
photo - photos
piano - pianos
pimento - pimentos
pro - pros
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.
wolf – wolves
wife – wives
leaf – leaves
life – lives
thief - thieves
shelf - shelves
child – children
woman – women
man – men
mouse – mice
goose – geese
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.
baby – babies
toy – toys
kidney – kidneys
potato – potatoes
memo – memos
stereo – stereos
criterion - criteria
phenomenon - phenomena
sheep – sheep
deer – deer
series – series
species – species
PRONOUN
It takes the place of, or refer to, a specific noun in a sentence. These can be divided into 7 major categories:
Personal pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Indefinite Pronouns, Distributive Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns and Relative Pronouns.
Personal Pronouns:
Can refer to the speaker/speakers (first person) or those being spoken to (second person), or those who
are spoken about (third person).
Subjective Case Personal Pronouns, used when the pronoun is the subject of a verb.
First Person Second Person Third Person
Singular I You He, She, It
Plural We You They
Reflexive Pronouns:
Used to show a subject performing some kind of action upon itself. Can act only as objects in a sentence never as subjects.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns refer to things in relation to number and distance.
Another, Anyone, No one, Anybody, Anything All, Most, Either Both, Few, Many
Nobody, Everyone, Everybody, One
Either, Somebody, Something
Distributive Pronouns: Refer to the members of the representative group and are called distributive forms.
Each, everyone, either and neither are the distributive forms.
Interrogative Pronouns: Are pronouns that begin questions : who, whom, whose, which and what.
Relative Pronouns: These are that, which, who and whom. They relate to another noun that precedes it in the sentence.
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES : Degree of Comparison
Positive Degree: An adjective is said to be in the positive degree when there is no comparison.
Comparative Degree: An adjective is said to be in the comparitive degree when it is used to compare two nouns/pronouns.
Superlative Degree: An adjective is in superlative degree when it is used to compare more than two nouns/pronouns. We use t
POSITIVE
bright
black
bold
clever
cold
fast
great
high
kind
long
rich
small
strong
sweet
tall
thick
young
POSITIVE
brave
fine
large
nice
noble
pale
simple
wise
white
3) When the positive ends in 'y' and has a consonant before it, we change 'y' into 'i' and then add 'er' and 'est'.
POSITIVE
costly
dry
easy
happy
heavy
lazy
mercy
wealthy
4) when the positive degree ends in a consonant with a vowel before it, we double the consonant & then add '-er' and '-est'
POSITIVE
big
dim
fat
hot
thin
5) by addition of '-er' and '-est' to the positive degree when it ends in '-y'
POSITIVE
gay
grey
POSITIVE
active
attractive
beautiful
brilliant
careful
courageous
cunning
difficult
famous
faithful
important
proper
popular
splendid
suitable
Some adjectives do not follow any of the rules explained earlier. They are compared irregularly. Here are the different forms of
POSITIVE
bad
evil
good
ill
far
well
late
late
little
much
many
near
old
old
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
brighter brightest
blacker blackest
bolder boldest
cleverer cleverest
colder coldest
faster fastest
greater greatest
higher highest
kinder kindest
longer longest
richer richest
smaller smallest
stronger strongest
sweeter sweetest
taller tallest
thicker thickest
younger youngest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
braver bravest
finer finest
larger largest
nicer nicest
nobler noblest
paler palest
simpler simplest
wiser wisest
whiter whitest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
costlier costliest
drier driest
easier easiest
happier happiest
heavier heaviest
lasier lasiest
mercier merciest
wealthier wealthiest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
bigger biggest
dimmer dimmest
fatter fattest
hotter hottest
thinner thinnest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
gayer gayest
greyer greyest
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
more active most active
more most
attractive attractive
more most
beautiful beautiful
more most
brilliant brilliant
more
careful most careful
more most
courageous courageous
more most
cunning cunning
more most
difficult difficult
more most
famous famous
more most
faithful faithful
more most
important important
more
proper most proper
more most
popular popular
more most
splendid splendid
more most
suitable suitable
COMPARATI SUPERLATIV
VE E
worse worst
worse worst
better best
worse worst
farther farthest
better best
A conjunction is a linking word such as and, or, but. Conjuctions are used to connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
Conjuctions of Time:
Before, after, as, when, while, until, since are also conjuctions of time because they tell when something has happen.
Types of Conjunctions
a) Co-ordinative
b) Subordinative
c) Corelative Conjunctions
Co-ordinative Conjunctions
And
But
Else
Or
He is good
person but
he is short
tempered.
Take
precautions
else you will
fell ill.
Would you
like to have
coffee or
tea?
INTERJECTIONS
An Interjection is a word that expresses a sudden feeling such as anger, fear, worry, joy, happiness, surprise, pain or pleasure or
They have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.
The term inteere' which means 'to cast'. Thus ,the word interjection means 'thrown among' the words in a sentence.
List of Interjections
A
Ack
Ah
Interjection Examples
Ah, there you are!
Bravo! we won the match.
Oh dear! You must take care of yourself.
Whew, that was close.
Shh! It's a library.
Emotion
disgust, dismissal
triumph, surprise, ridicule
DETERMINERS
Determiners, or noun signals, are special adjectives used before nouns.
There are different kinds of determiners.
The Articles are "the" (definite article) "a", "and" "an" (indefinite articles).
Articles define a noun as specific or unspecific.
The: Refers to a specific thing or quantity. It should be placed before the noun, or before the adjective which directly modifies
A, AN, AND: The indefinite articles are used when we are referring to an unspecified thing or quantity. We use them when we d
Demonstrative Determiners
The words this, that, these and those are also special pronouns called determiners. They are used to point out which thing or p
Quantifying Determiners
Words such as many, much and several tell about quantity without giving an exact number. They are called quantifying determ
Interrogative Determiners
The words what, which and whose are used before nouns to ask questions. Interrogative determiners appear just before nouns
Possessive Determiners
The words my, your, his, her, its, our and their are used before nouns to show ownership. They are called possessive determine
Sentences
What is a Sentence?
A Sentence is a group of words that makes a complete sense.
A sentence must have a subject and a verb, but it may or may not have an object.
For Example:
a) He is reading
2) Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
3) Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence makes a very strong called an exclamation. It shows a strong feeling sucha as surprise or anger.
4) Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order.
1. Comma (,)
2. Semi-colon (;)
3. Colon (:)
8. Apostrophe (')
aning of a sentence or a passage clear.
Power of Punctuation
Punctuation is the correct use of the various stops or marks in writing so as to make the meaning of a sentence or a passage
Czarina Maria Fyodorovna once saved the life of a man by transposing a single comma in a warrant signed by her husband, Ale
Maria Fyodorovna changed the punctuation so that her husband's instructions read:
arrant signed by her husband, Alexander III, which exiled a criminal to imprisonment and death in Siberia. On the bottom of the warrant th
On the bottom of the warrant the czar had written:
Esta wea hay que hacerla de 0
I) Present Tense
II) Past Tense
III) Future Tense
I) Present Tense
a) Simple Present
b) Present Continuous
c) Present Perfect
d) Present Perfect Continuous
And English grammar has classified human beings, animals and things into 7 categories.
One should be extremely careful in the use of third person singular especially in Simple Present and Present Perfect Tenses.
ent and Present Perfect Tenses.
English - Articles
‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are the three articles used in English language. ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite Articles and ‘the’ is called the d
‘a’ and ‘an’ are used in the sense of ‘one’. The indefinite Article ‘a’ is used before words beginning with consonants or consona
Eg. :
In all the above three examples the article ‘a’ was used in the sense of one.
In all the above three examples the article ‘an’ was used in the sense of one.
Here it has to be emphasized that students should be careful in noticing the vowel sound. In certain cases the word may begin
Eg. :
Similarly, in other cases the word may begin with a consonant but it may have a vowel sound. In such a case the indefinite artic
Eg. :
He is an honest officer.
There are 60 minutes in an hour.
He is an heir to crores of property.
The definite article ‘the’ is used before the names of rivers, mountain ranges and things which are unique in the world.
Eg. :
Eg. :
Eg. :
The patient who was admitted in the hospital yesterday, died today morning.
The apple which was kept on the table is rotten.
The computer we bought last month is infected by virus.
Eg :
ning with consonants or consonantal sound. The indefinite Article ‘an’ is used before words beginning with vowels or vowel sound.
ertain cases the word may begin with a vowel but it may have a consonantal sound. In such a case the indefinite article ‘a’ should be used.
Here the first sentence is said to be in Active Voice and the second sentence in Passive Voice.
A sentence is said to be in Active Voice when the subject does something. Similarly, a sentence is said to be in Passive Voice wh
In the above sentence Ram is the ‘subject’ and Ravana is the ‘object’. In the active voice sentence Ram i.e., the subject has kill
Eg. :
In this sentence Raghu is the ‘subject’ and ball is the ' object'. The word kicked is the verb.
Here also the active voice and passive voice are expressed in different tenses.
I) Present Tense
a) Simple Present
b) Present Continuous
c) Present Perfect
Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any
a) Simple Past
b) Past Continuous
I was watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by me yesterday.
c) Past Perfect
a) Simple Future
b) Future Continuous
c) Future Perfect
Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any
All sentences cannot be made into Passive Voice. Only the sentences with an object in them can be made into Passive Voice. A
For Example, the following sentence cannot be converted into Passive Voice for the simple reason that the verb ‘go’ does not ta
In the above sentence the verb ‘go’ is an Intransitive Verb. Such sentences which do not have an object cannot be converted in
Certain sentences contain two objects. In such a case two passive sentences can be made using one object in each case.
ence Ram i.e., the subject has killed the object Ravana. In the second sentence Ravana is the subject but he allowed himself to be killed by
attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
ore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
can be made into Passive Voice. All verbs are not transitive. A verb which takes an object is said to be a Transitive Verb and a Verb which do
An unexpected event happens is "All of a sudden" & not "All of the sudden".
ADVANCE/ADVANCED
Advance : When we hear about something in advance, earlier than other people, you get advance notice or information.
for or fore
The most common word “for,” is not a problem for most people.
& “Fore” always has to do with the front of something (it’s what you shout to warn people when you’ve sent a ball their way). …
unpleased or displeased
“Unpleased” is considered archaic; the standard modern word for your reaction to something you don’t like is “displeased.”
However “unpleasing” is still current to describe something that fails to please: “the arrangement of ‘Silent Night’ for truck air
ance notice or information.
ment of ‘Silent Night’ for truck air horns was unpleasing.” But “displeasing” is more common.
IDIOMS
A sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit.
For Example: Barking up on the wrong tree means that you have understand something totally wrong.
C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|
|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z
Idioms by Themes
Sentence: I am not going to ask my neighbour for some money in order to pay you. It would be like robbing Peter to pay Paul.
Feeling Blue
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
A duck to water
Meaning:
Sentence:
A lame duck
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
A piece of cake
Meaning:
Sentence:
A pig in a poke
Meaning:
Sentence:
a real peach
Meaning:
Sentence:
A rotten apple
Meaning:
Sentence:
A sitting duck
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
All ears.
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
All in your head.
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
As gentle as a lamb
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
bear fruits
Meaning:
Sentence:
Beef about
Meaning:
Sentence:
Beef up
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Bowl of cherries
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
break a leg
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Brown as berry
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Chicken feed
Meaning:
Sentence:
Chicken out
Meaning:
Sentence:
Chicken-hearted
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Cold turkey
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
cup of tea
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Fishy
Meaning: suspecting
Meaning:
Sentence:
Forbidden fruit
Meaning:
Sentence:
Fruit of labour
Meaning:
Sentence:
Grouse about
Meaning:
Sentence:
Ham it up
Meaning:
Sentence:
Ham-fisted
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hang in there
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hold my ground.
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hold my own.
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hold on
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hold up.
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Hung for a sheep as a lamb
Meaning:
Sentence:
if something's a lemon
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Money talks
Meaning:
Sentence:
No spring chicken
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Out of the blue
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sheepishly
Meaning:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Talk turkey
Meaning:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
tickled pink
Meaning:
Sentence:
Time is money
Meaning:
Sentence:
To go banana
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
To smell a rat
Meaning: to suspect
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
tongue in cheek
Meaning:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
Meaning:
Sentence:
ust be learnt as a whole unit.
When in the dark, appearances are meaningless, since everything is hard to see or unseen.
abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence
accumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this way
adapt v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth
administrate v. to administer
aid n. help
amend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly
analyse v. separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure
anticipate v. expect
attribute v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth
behalf n. on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in
benefit n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown)
bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries; predisposition;
challenge n. ~ (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger,
chart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc
classic adj. having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance
clause n. group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence
code n. (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or rec
coincide v. ~ (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else
comment n. ~ written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc
commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home
community n. the community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole
compatible adj. ~ (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together
compensate v. ~ for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury,etc;
compile v. ~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc
complement n. ~ thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete
concentrate v. ~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one's attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking abo
confer v. ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)
confirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth of
constant adj. going on all the time; happening again and again
contemporary adj. ~ of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same time
contradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truth
contribute v. ~ (to/towards sth) give one's share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint cause
controversy n. ~ public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagreewith
convert v. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another
couple n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman together
credit n. permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in thi
cycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order
debate n. formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposi
demonstrate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence
derive v. ~ sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth
design n. ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made
differentiate v. ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth
distribute v. ~ sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing
document n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth
emphasis n. force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importance
enable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means
encounter v. meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc)
enforce v. ~ sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effective
equip v. ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose)
estimate n. judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth
ethnic adj. of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition
evaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess
exclude v. ~ sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out
expand v. ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importance
export n. exporting
external adj. outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body)
extract v. ~ sth take or get sth out, usu with effort or by force
facilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult
feature n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearance
federal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several reg
fee n. (usu pl ) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etc
file n. metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substances
fluctuate v. ~ (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly
focus n. =>Usage at data data. point at which rays (of light, sound, etc) meet or from which theyappear to come
formula n. (chemistry ) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made of
generation n. production
globe n. small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries, rivers, cities, etc
goal n. (in football, hockey, etc) pair of posts with a crossbar, between which the ball has to be kicked, hit, etc in order t
guarantee n. ~ (against sth) promise (usu in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled
hierarchy n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest
hypothesis n. idea or suggestion that is based on known facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigation
identify v. ~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thi
ideology n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person
ignorant adj. ~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware
image n. copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue
income n. money received over a certain period, esp as payment for work or as interest on investments
index n. list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical order
infer v. ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sth
infrastructure n. subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization oran enterprise (eg of an
insert v. ~ sth put, fit, place sth into sth or between two things
insight n. ~ (approv ) ability to see into the true nature (of sth); deep understanding
instance n. ~ particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case
institute n. society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose
integrate v. ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth else
intermediate adj. ~ situated or coming between two people, things, etc in time, space, degree, etc
intrinsic adj. belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outside
invest v. ~ (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest or bring profit
isolate v. ~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth ;
issue n. outgoing; outflow
journal n. newspaper or periodical, esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject
label n. piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner, destination, etc
lecture n. ~ (on sth) talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of a teaching program
levy v. ~ sth (on sb) collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force; impose sth
licence n. official document showing that permission has been given to own, use or do sth
maintain v. ~ sth cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etc
mediate v. ~ act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who disagree
method n. way
neutral adj. not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest,war, etc; impartial
notwithstanding prep (can also follow the n to which it refers ) without being affected by (sth); in spite of
obtain v. ~ sth et sth; come to own or possess sth (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc)
offset v. ~ sth (by sth/doing sth) compensate for sth; balance sth
orient n. the Orient countries of the (Far) East (eg Japan, China)
panel n. separate, usu rectangular, part of the surface of a door, wall, ceiling, etc, usu raisedaboveor sunk below the sur
paragraph n. distinct section of a written or printed text, usu consisting of several sentences dealingwith a single theme a
parallel adj. (of two or more lines) having the same distance between each other at every point
parameter n. quantity that does not vary in a particular case but does vary in other cases
partner n. person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a business
percent
persist v. ~ continue to do sth, esp in an obstinate and determined way and in spite of opposition, argument or failure
perspective n. art of drawing solid objects on a flat surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth a
phenomenon n. fact or occurrence, esp in nature or society, that can be perceived by the senses
philosophy n. search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life
policy n. ~ plan of action, statement of ideals, etc proposed or adopted by a government, politicalparty, business, etc
pose v. ~ (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed
positive adj. with no possibility of doubt; clear and definite
process n. series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth
prohibit v. ~ sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations
protocol n. system of rules governing formal occasions, eg meetings between governments, diplomats, etc; official etique
publish v. prepare, have printed and distribute to the public (a book, periodical, etc)
quote v. ~ (from sb/sth) repeat in speech or writing (words previously said or written by anotherperson)
random adj. done, chosen, etc without method or conscious choice; haphazard
ratio n. relation between two amounts determined by the number of times one contains the other
recover v. ~ sth find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth
region n. part of a surface or bodyor space with or without definite boundaries or characteristicfeatures
release v. ~ sb/sth (from sth) allow (a person or an animal) to go; set free or liberate sb/sth ;
relevant adj. ~ (to sth/sb)connected with what is being discussed, what is happening,what is being done, etc
reluctance Unwillingness.
rely v. (pt, pp relied) ~ on/upon sb/sth (to do sth) count or depend on sb/sth
remove v. ~ sth/sb (from sth) take sth/sb away from one place to another
research n. ~ (on sb) careful study or investigation, esp in order to discover new facts or information
resource n. supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person, etc wealth
restore v. ~ sth (fml ) give back (sth lost, etc) to its owner
restrain v. ~ sb/sthhold back sb/sth from movementor action; keep sb/sth under control or in check
revenue n. income, esp the total annual income of the State from taxes, etc
scenario n. written outline of a film, play, etc with details of the scenes and plot
section n. any of the parts into which sth may be or has been divided
sector n. part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference .
seek v. ~ (after/for sth) look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth)
select v. ~ sb/sth choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable
sequence n. set of events, numbers, actions, etc with each following the one before continuously or in a particular order
series n. number of things, events, etc of a similar kind, esp. placed or occurring one after another
shift v. ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (from.../to...); ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (about/around) (cause sth/sb/oneself to) change or move fro
site n. place where a building, town, etc was, is, or will be situated
so-called adj. (used to suggest that the words used to describe sb/sth are not appropriate )
specify v. (esp fml ) state or name clearly and definitely (details, materials, etc)
sphere n. solid figure that is entirely round (ie with every point on the surface at an equal distance from the centre)
style n. manner of writing or speaking, esp contrasted with what is actually written or said
submit v. ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) ;
subsidy n. money paid, esp by a government, to help an industry, to support the arts, to keep pricesdown, etc
substitute n. ~ person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb or sth else
successor n. ~ person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth)
symbol n. ~ image, object, etc that suggests or refers to sth else; emblem
tape n. narrow strip of material used for tying, fastening or labelling things
target n. object or mark that a person tries to hit in shooting, etc; disc marked with concentric circles for this purpose in
team n. group of players forming one side in certain games and sports
technology n. scientificstudy and use of mechanical arts and applied sciences, eg engineering
temporary adj. lasting or meant to last for a limited time only; notpermanent
trace n. mark, track, sign, etc showing what has existed or happened
tradition n. passing of beliefs or customs from one generation to the next, esp without writing
transfer v. ~ sth/sb (from...) (to...) move sth/sb from one place to another
transform v. ~ sth/sb (into sth) completely change the appearance or character of sth/sb
transit n. process of going or being taken or transported from one place to another
transport v. ~ sth/sb (to...) take sth/sb from one place to another in a vehicle
utilise vt. (=utilize) to put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use for
valid adj. legally effective because made or done with the correct formalities
vehicle n. conveyance such as a car, lorry or cart used for transporting goods or passengers on land
version n. account of an event, etc from the point of view of one person
virtual adj. being or acting as what is described, but not accepted as such in name or officially
nd importance
r part of a sentence
red as a whole
oss, injury,etc;
s or get advice)
people disagreewith
man together
iament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote
how sth to be different (from sth else)
clear or to show importance
rm its appearance
doctors, etc
phabetical order
al owners of a business
hotographed
nts, diplomats, etc; official etiquette
y anotherperson)
ns the other
acteristicfeatures
at is being done, etc
nformation
circumference .
b/oneself to) change or move from one position or direction to another [/]
ual distance from the centre)
Anachronis
m Something out of its proper time.
Anachronis
tic Set in wrong time or period.
Boat
Wrighter Wagon maker
Large single - adged military knife -
Bolo Machete
Automated
Teller
ATM Machine
Hypertext
Markup
HTML Language
World Wide
WWW Web
Central
Processing
CPU Unit
Unidentified
Flying
UFO Object
Over the
OTT top
Information
IT Technology
Performanc
e related
Pay / Profit
PRP related pay
repetitive
RSI strain injury
Universal
resource
URL locator
British English / American English
British and American Spelling variants
British American
English English
behaviour behavior
colour color
favourite favorite
humour humor
labour labor
-our / -or neighbour neighbor
centre center
fibre fiber
theatre theater
litre liter
-re / -er metre meter
analogue analog
catalogue catalog
-ogue / -og dialogue dialog
anaemia anemia
anaesthesia anesthesia
diarrhoea diarrhea
foetus fetus
haemorrhag
ae, oe / e e hemorrhage
defence defense
-ence / offence offense
-ense pretence pretense
aluminium aluminum
cheque check
jewellery jewelry
kerb curb
manoeuvre maneuver
mould mold
plough plow
tyre tire
Exceptions sulphur sulfur
E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S
|T|U
aubergine eggplant
autumn fall
B
bank holiday legal holiday
bill/account account
billion = million million billion =
thousand
million
cot/crib crib
cotton thread
cotton reel spool
cotton wool cotton
batting
courgette zucchini
court shoe pump
cream cracker soda cracker
crisps chips/potat
o chips
cul-de-sac dead end
cupboard closet
curtains drapes
D
dynamo generator
E
eiderdown comforter
state agent realtor
estate car station
wagon
F
fair (fun) carnival
filling station / petrol gas station
station
film movie
first floor second floor
greenfingers green
thumb
grill (v.) broil
guard (railway) conductor
gym shoes/plimsolls sneakers/te
nnis shoes
tennis shoes/trainers sneakers/te
nnis shoes
H
hair grip/kirby grip bobbie pin
handbag purse/pocke
t book
hardware housewares
headmaster/mistress principal
hire purchase installment
plan
holiday vacation
homely (=pleasant) homely
(=ugly)
hoover (n.) vacuum
cleaner
hoover (v.) vacuum
housing estate sub-division
I
ice/sorbet sherbet
iced lolly popsicle
icing sugar powdered
sugar
icing sugar confectione
r’s sugar
identification parade line-up
immersion water
heater(electric) heater
interval intermission
ironmonger hardware
store
J
jab (injection) shot
joint (meat) roast
jug pitcher
jumper/sweater/pullover sweater/pull
over
K
kiosk/box (telephone) telephone
booth
kipper smoked
herring
knickers (girl’s) underwear/
panties
knock up (tennis) warm up
knock up (call from sleep) in American
slang this
means to
get a
woman
pregnant
L
label tag
larder pantry
lavatory/toilet/w.c./loo john/bathro
om/washro
om
lay-by pull-off
leader editorial
(leading article in
newspaper)
leader(1st violin in concert
orchestra) master
left luggage office baggage
room
let lease/rent
level crossing (railway) grade
crossing
lift elevator
limited (company) incorporate
d
lodger roomer
lorry truck
lost property lost and
found
M
mackintosh raincoat
made to measure custom
made
managing director/MD general
manager
marrow squash
methylated spirits denatured
alcohol
mileometer odometer
motorway freeway/thr
oughway
motorway super
highway
N
nappy diaper
neat (drink) straight
net curtains sheers/unde
r drapes
newsagent news
dealer/news
stand
nought zero
noughts and crosses tic-tac-toe
number plate license plate
O
off license/wine liquor store
merchant
oven cloth/gloves pot
holder/oven
mitt
prison penitentiary
sideboard buffet
sideboards (hair) sideburns
silencer (car) muffler
single ticket one way
ticket
sitting room living room
living room living room
lounge living room
drawing room living room
skipping rope jump rope
skirting board baseboard
sledge/toboggan sled
smalls (washing) underwear
sofa davenport/c
ouch
solicitor lawyer/attor
ney
sorbet sherbet
spanner monkey
wrench
spirits (drink) liquor
spring onion scallion/gre
en onion
staff (academic) faculty
stalls (theatre) orchestra
seats
stand (for public office) run
standard lamp floor lamp
state school public
school
sellotape adhesive
tape
stone (fruit) pit
sultana raisin
surgery(doctor’s/dentist’s office
)
surgical spirit rubbing
alcohol
suspender belt garter belt
suspenders garters
swede turnip/rutab
aga
sweet corn corn
sweet shop/confectioner candy store
sweets/chocolate candy
Swiss roll jelly roll
T
tadpole pollywog
tap faucet
teat (baby’s bottle) nipple
tea trolley tea cart
telegram wire
telephone phone booth
box
term semester(2 in a year)
academic (3
in a year)
tights pantyhose
time-table schedule
tin can
tip (n. and dump
v.)
torch flashlight
traffic lights stop lights
trousers pants/slacks
truncheon night stick
(police)
trunk long distance call
call/long
distance
tube/under subway
ground
turnover sales/revenue
turn-ups cuffs (pants)
(trousers)
U
undergradu undergraduates:
ates:
- 1st year - freshman
- 2nd year - sophomore
- 3rd year - junior
- 4th year - senior
unit trust mutual fund
English Collocations
Collocations – is a pair or group of words commonly used together. These combinations sound natural to native speakers but st
d natural to native speakers but students of English language need to make special effort to learn them as they are often difficult to guess.
they are often difficult to guess.
PHONETICS
Present
Past Past 3rd Person Participle /
Base Form Simple Participle Singular Gerund
Abide
Arose
Arise (vi. surgir, presentarse levantarse, pararse, arise Arisen
from sth and arise out ofArises Arising
sth = as a result)
Awoke
Awake (vi. despertar, awake to sth = darse cuenta de, awake toAwoken
= despertar a,Awakes Awaking despierto o evitar dorm
kep awake=mantenerse
Be (v.i ser, haber, estar, tener, etc) Was/Were Been Is Being
Born/Born
Bore e
Bear (vtr. Soportar, aguantar, resistir, empujar, bear yourself=comportarse, bearBears Bearing
sb =parir, bear sth = producir, dar algo de fruta
Beat (beat sb= batir, latir, vencer a alguien o golpear aBeat Beaten
alguien, beat the rhytm Beats Beating
=marcar el ritmo, beat or flog a dead horse = per
Become Became Become Becomes Becoming
Begin Began Begun Begins Beginning
Behold Beheld Beheld Beholds Beholding
Bend Bent Bent Bends Bending
Bet Bet Bet Bets Betting
Bid Bade Bidden Bids Bidding
Bid Bid Bid Bids Bidding
Bind Bound Bound Binds Binding
Bite Bit Bitten Bites Biting
Bleed Bled Bled Bleeds Bleeding
Blow Blew Blown Blows Blowing
Break Broke Broken Breaks Breaking
Breed Bred Bred Breeds Breeding
Bring Brought Brought Brings Bringing
Broadcast/ Broadcast/
Broadcaste Broadcaste Broadcasti
Broadcast d d Broadcasts ng
Build Built Built Builds Building
Burnt/Burn Burnt/Burn
Burn ed ed Burns Burning
Burst Burst Burst Bursts Bursting
Bust Bust Bust Busts Busting
Buy Bought Bought Buys Buying
Cast Cast Cast Casts Casting
Catch Caught Caught Catches Catching
Choose Chose Chosen Chooses Choosing
Clapped/Cl Clapped/Cl
Clap apt apt Claps Clapping
Cling Clung Clung Clings Clinging
Clad/Cloth Clad/Cloth
Clothe ed ed Clothes Clothing
Come Came Come Comes Coming
Cost Cost Cost Costs Costing
Creep Crept Crept Creeps Creeping
Cut Cut Cut Cuts Cutting
Dared/Durs
Dare t Dared Dares Daring
Deal Dealt Dealt Deals Dealing
Dig Dug
Dived/Dov Dug Digs Digging
Dive e Dived Dives Diving
Do Did Done Does Doing
Draw Drew Drawn Draws Drawing
Dreamt/Dr Dreamt/Dr
Dream eamed eamed Dreams Dreaming
Drink Drank Drunk Drinks Drinking
Drive Drove Driven Drives Driving
Dwell Dwelt Dwelt Dwells Dwelling
Eat Ate Eaten Eats Eating
Fall Fell Fallen Falls Falling
Feed Fed Fed Feeds Feeding
Feel Felt Felt Feels Feeling
Fight Fought Fought Fights Fighting
Find Found Found Finds Finding
Fit Fit/Fitted Fit/Fitted Fits Fitting
Flee Fled Fled Flees Fleeing
Fling Flung Flung Flings Flinging
Fly Flew Flown Flies Flying
Forbade/Fo
Forbid rbad Forbidden Forbids Forbidding
Forecast/F Forecast/F
Forecast orecasted orecasted Forecasts Forecasting
Foresee Foresaw Foreseen Foresees Foreseeing
Foretell Foretold Foretold Foretells Foretelling
Forget Forgot Forgotten Forgets Foregetting
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Forgives Forgiving
Forsake Forsook Forsaken Forsakes Forsaking
Freeze Froze Frozen Freezes Freezing
Frostbite Frostbit Frostbitten Frostbites Frostbiting
Get Got Got/Gotten Gets Getting
Give Gave Given Gives Giving
Go Went Gone/Been Goes Going
Grind Ground Ground Grinds Grinding
Grow Grew Grown Grows Growing
Handwritte Handwritin
Handwrite Handwrote n Handwrites g
Hung/Hang Hung/Hang
Hang ed ed Hangs Hanging
Have Had Had Has Having
Hear Heard Heard Hears Hearing
Hide Hid Hidden Hides Hiding
Hit Hit Hit Hits Hitting
Hold Held Held Holds Holding
Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurts Hurting
Inlay Inlaid Inlaid Inlays Inlaying
Input/Input Input/Input
Input ted ted Inputs Inputting
Interlay Interlaid Interlaid Interlays Interlaying
Keep Kept Kept Keeps Keeping
Knelt/Knee Knelt/Knee
Kneel led led Kneels Kneeling
Knit/Knitte Knit/Knitte
Knit d d Knits Knitting
Know Knew Known Knows Knowing
Lay Laid Laid Lays laying
Lead Led Led Leads Leading
Leant/Lean Leant/Lean
Lean ed ed Leans Leaning
Leapt/Leap Leapt/Leap
Leap ed ed Leaps Leaping
Learnt/Lear Learnt/Lear
Learn ned ned Learns Learning
Leave Left Left Leaves Leaving
Lend Lent Lent Lends Lending
Let Let Let Lets Letting
Lie Lay Lain Lies Lying
Light Lit Lit Lights Lighting
Lose Lost Lost Loses Losing
Make Made Made Makes Making
Mean Meant Meant Means Meaning
Meet Met Met Meets Meeting
Molten/Me
Melt Melted lted Melts Melting
Mislead Misled Misled Misleads Misleading
Mistake Mistook Mistaken Mistakes Mistaking
Misunderst Misunderst Misunderst Misunderst
Misunderstand ood ood ands anding
Miswed/Mi Miswed/Mi Misweddin
Miswed swedded swedded Misweds g
Mow Mowed Mown Mows Mowing
Overdrawi
Overdraw Overdrew Overdrawn Overdraws ng
Overhearin
Overhear Overheard Overheard Overhears g
Overtake Overtook Overtaken Overtakes Overtaking
Pay Paid Paid Pays Paying
Preset Preset Preset Presets Presetting
Proven/Pro
Prove Proved ved Proves Proving
Put Put Put Puts Putting
Quit Quit Quit Quits Quitting
Re-
proven/Re-
Re-prove Re-proved proved Re-proves Re-proving
Read Read Read Reads Reading
Rid Rid/Ridded Rid/Ridded Rids Ridding
Ride Rode Ridden Rides Riding
Ring Rang Rung Rings Ringing
Rise Rose Risen
Riven/Rive Rises Rising
Rive Rived d Rives Riving
Run Ran Run Runs Running
Sawn/Sawe
Saw Sawed d Saws Sawing
Say Said Said Says Saying
See Saw Seen Sees Seeing
Seek Sought Sought Seeks Seeking
Sell Sold Sold Sells Selling
Send Sent Sent Sends Sending
Set Set Set Sets Setting
Sewn/Sewe
Sew Sewed d Sews Sewing
Shake Shook Shaken Shakes Shaking
Shaven/Sh
Shave Shaved aved Shaves Shaving
Shore/Shea Shorn/Shea
Shear red red Shears Shearing
Shed Shed Shed Sheds Shedding
Shine Shone Shone Shines Shining
Shoe Shod Shod Shoes Shoeing
Shoot Shot Shot Shoots Shooting
Show Showed Shown Shows Showing
Shrink Shrank Shrunk Shrinks Shrinking
Shut Shut Shut Shuts Shutting
Sing Sang Sung Sings Singing
Sink Sank Sunk Sinks Sinking
Sit Sat Sat Sits Sitting
Slay Slew Slain Slays Slaying
Sleep Slept Slept
Slid/Slidde Sleeps Sleeping
Slide Slid n Slides Sliding
Sling Slung Slung Slings Slinging
Slink Slunk Slunk Slinks Slinking
Slit Slit Slit Slits Slitting
Smelt/Smel Smelt/Smel
Smell led led Smells Smelling
Sneaked/S Sneaked/S
Sneak nuck nuck Sneaks Soothsayin
Sneaking
Soothsay Soothsaid Soothsaid Soothsays g
Sow Sowed Sown Sows Sowing
Speak Spoke Spoken Speaks Speaking
Sped/Spee Sped/Spee
Speed ded ded Speeds Speeding
Spelt/Spell Spelt/Spell
Spell ed ed Spells Spelling
Spend Spent Spilt/Spille
Spilt/Spille Spent Spends Spending
Spill d d Spills Spilling
Spin Span/Spun Spun Spins Spinning
Spit Spat/Spit Spat/Spit Spits Spitting
Split Split Split Splits Splitting
Spoilt/Spoi Spoilt/Spoi
Spoil led led Spoils Spoiling
Spread Spread Spread Spreads Spreading
Spring Sprang Sprung Springs Springing
Stand Stood Stood Stands Standing
Steal Stole Stolen Steals Stealing
Stick Stuck Stuck Sticks Sticking
Sting Stung Stung Stings Stinging
Stink Stank Stunk Stinks Stinking
Strode/Stri
Stride ded Stridden Strides Striding
Struck/Stri
Strike Struck cken Strikes Striking
String Strung Strung Strings Stringing
Stript/Strip Stript/Strip
Strip ped ped Strips Stripping
Strive Strove Striven Strives Striving
Sublet Sublet Sublet Sublets Subletting
Sunburned/ Sunburned/
Sunburn Sunburnt Sunburnt Sunburns Sunburning
Swear Swore Sworn Swears Swearing
Sweat/Swe Sweat/Swe
Sweat ated ated Sweats Sweating
Swept/Swe Swept/Swe
Sweep eped eped Sweeps Sweeping
Swell Swelled Swollen Swells Swelling
Swim Swam Swum Swims Swimming
Swing Swung Swung Swings Swinging
Take Took Taken Takes Taking
Teach Taught Taught Teaches Teaching
Tear Tore Torn Tears Tearing
Tell Told Told Tells Telling
Think Thought Thought Thinks Thinking
Throve/Thr Thriven/Th
Thrive ived rived Thrives Thriving
Throw Threw Thrown Throws Throwing
Thrust Thrust Thrust Thrusts Thrusting
Tread Trod Trodden Treads Treading
Undergoin
Undergo Underwent Undergone Undergoes g
Understand Understand
Understand Understood Understood s ing
Undertakin
Undertake Undertook Undertaken Undertakes g
Upset Upset Upset Upsets Upsetting
Vex Vext/Vexed Vext/Vexed Vexes Vexing
Wake Woke Woken Wakes Waking
Wear Wore Worn Wears Wearing
Weave Wove Woven Weaves Weaving
Wed/Wedd Wed/Wedd
Wed ed ed Weds Wedding
Weep Wept Wept Weeps Weeping
Wended/W Wended/W
Wend ent ent Wends Wending
23370071
Geordie Words
Geordie Pronunciation
What is Geordie
Geordie Sayings
http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/geordie/connected-speech/
https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/geordie/vowel-sounds/
http://www.wikihow.com/Talk-Like-a-Geordie
https://youtu.be/Qpa__sQG7qc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordie
oo he was gan propa radge - He was really angry
She's geet lush - she's very good looking
Calm doon - calm down
A right nebby bugga - a nosey person
was anly ten pund - it was only ten pound
Canny good like - good
Purely belta - really good
He's geet canny as oot - He's a really nice person
Are yee daft - are you stupid
Dee as ya telt - do as your told
Areet bonny lad - a polite way of saying hello
Me ma said - My mam said
Shooting and bawling - Arguing with someone
am gan to the toon - i'm going to Newcastle city centre
I'm propa paggered - i'm really tired
Acceptance: aceptación
Account: cuenta
Accountant: contador
Accounting: contabilidad
Accounts payable: cuentas por pagar
Accounts receivable: cuentas por cobrar
Accrued assets: activos acumulados
Accrued: causado
Acquisition costs: costos de adquisición
Acquisition: adquisición o compra
Actives: activos
ADR: American depository receipt
Advising bank: banco avisor
Amortization, paying off: amortización
Amount: monto de una deuda
Analysis: análisis
Anti trust laws: leyes antimonopólicas
Article: artículo
Assembly: asamblea
Assets: activos
At sight: a la vista
Auction: subasta pública
Auditory: auditoría
Aunvity: anvalidar
Automatic cash: cajero automático
Automatic cashing: cobro automatizado
Average price: precio promedio
AWL: airway lading: conocimiento de embarque aéreo
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
Gambling: apuesta
Golden parachute: "paracaídas dorado" indemnización
Good will: buena imagen
Goods: bienes
Gross benefit: beneficio bruto
Gross income: ingreso bruto
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
Label : etiqueta
Labor: mano de obra
Lakeover: adquisición hostil
Lend: prestar
Letter of credit: carta de crédito
Leverage rate: índice de apalancamiento
Levy: gravamen
Liabilities: pasivo
Liquidity ratios: razón de liquidez
Liquidity: liquidez
Listed securities: acción cotizada en bolsa
Load: cargamento
Loan: prestamo
Long term capital flows: flujo de capital a largo plazo
Long term debt: deuda a largo plazo
Long term loan: préstamo a largo plazo
Loss: perdida
Low income housing: vivienda popular
Lump sum: pago global
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
Offer: oferta
Open market: mercado libre
Operation costs: costos de operación
Operation expenses: gastos de operación
Operation: operación
Ordinary shares: acciones comunes
Output, production: producción
Outstanding shares: acciones en circulación
[Arriba]
[Arriba]
Quota: cupo
[Arriba]
Sale: venta
Security: seguridad
Set back: contratiempo
Settlement: saldos
Share turnover: movimiento accionario
Share: acción
Shareholder: accionista
Shares of stock: acciones
Shares outstanding: acción en circulación
Short term loan: préstamo a corto plazo
Simple interest: interés simple
Sinking found: fondo de amortización
Speculation: especulación
Statement of accounts: estado de cuentas
Stock company: compañía anónima
Stock corporation: compañía anónima
Stock exchange: bolsa de valores
Stock holder: accionista
Stock holders: patrimonio
Stock index: indicador bursátil
Stock market: bolsa de valores
Stock pile: acumulación de inventarios
Stock: capital
Stockbroker: corredor de bolsa
Storing: almacenamiento
Sum: suma
Supply: oferta
Surcharge: recargo
Surrender value: valor de salvamento
Surtax: sobretasa
Swap: cambalache
[Arriba]
Tax: impuesto
Technical study: estudio técnico
To debit: adeudar
To go into debt: contraer deuda
To owe: adeudar
Trade: comercio
Trading year: ejercicio económico
Transaction: operación
Transport: transporte
Turn over: rotación
[Arriba]
Unemployment: desempleo
Up turn: alza
[Arriba]
Valorization: valorización
Value added network: red de valor agregado
Value engineering: generación de valor
Venture capital: capital de riesgo
[Arriba]
Wholesaler: mayorista
Winery: bodega
Winset on line: bolsa electrónica
Working capital: capital de trabajo
WORD SOUNDS LIKE MEANING https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Useful_Words_and_Expression
SUKA SHUKA BITCH
Здраавствуйте Zdravstvuyte Hi (formal)
девушка dye-vushka miss (15< yo)
Bozhe moi Voshi-moi xpr. Oh my god
Chort Vozmi Chort Vozmi when sth goes wrong
Chyort Kay-ort Damn
ostano-vís
seful_Words_and_Expressions
Common Pronouns, Verbs and Prepositions
thou = you (subject, singular, informal) e.g. "Thou wast in the next room."
ye = you (subject, plural) e.g. "Ye all came forth from the room."
thee = you (object... "to you" ) e.g. "I saw thee in the other room."
doth = yea =
does even
'ere = ay = yes
before
hast = aught =
have anything
'tis = it is yon,
yonder =
that one
there
wast = marry = (a
were mild
swear
word)
whence = nay = no
from
where
wherefore hie =
= why hurry