Cita Rum

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report
Project Number: 37049

January 2007
Indonesia: Integrated Citarum Water Resources

Management Project
(Financed by the Technical Assistance Special Fund
Prepared by Phase 3 Consultant Team

Indonesia
For Directorate General of Water Resources

Ministry of Public Works
This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and
ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical
assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.
GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC INDONESIA
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF WATER RESOURCES
Asian Development Bank

TA -4381 (INO)
Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Program
Phase 3
Report on Roadmap and Program

Development
January 2007
Revision 1
Citarum Integrated Water Resource Management Project
Report on Roadmap and Program Development
Contents
Abbreviations
Currency
Acknowledgements
1 Background................................................................1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project History 1
2 Personnel and Inputs ................................................4
3 Approach....................................................................6
4 Program Area Description ........................................9

4.1 Extent 9
4.2 Topography and River Network 10
4.3 Water Resources 10
4.4 Administrative Areas 11
4.5 Settlements and Industry 11
4.6 Agriculture and Forestry 13
5 Re-Assessment of Basin Issues ............................15

5.1 Introduction 15
5.2 Poverty 15
5.3 Institutional Arrangements 16
5.4 Surface Water Management 17
5.5 Groundwater Management 17
5.6 Erosion and Sedimentation 18
5.7 Flooding 19
5.8 Water Pollution 21
5.9 Watershed Condition and Biodiversity 24
5.10 West Tarum Canal 26
5.11 Water Quantity and Quality Monitoring 28
5.12 Issues Analysis 29
6 Key Areas for IWRM ................................................31

6.1 Definition of Key Areas 31
6.2 Institutions and Planning for IWRM 32
6.3 Water Resource Development and Management 32
6.4 Water Sharing 32
6.5 Environmental Protection and Enhancement 33
6.6 Disaster Management 33

6.7 Community Empowerment 33
6.8 Data, Information and Decision Support 34
7 Interventions Identified in Phases 1 & 2 ................35

7.1 Process 35
7.2 Issues Analysis 35
7.3 Sub-Projects Recommended 36
7.4 Adequacy of Original Loan Project Composition 37
8 Development of the Roadmap ................................39

8.1 Introduction 39
8.2 Agreeing a Shared Vision 39
8.3 A Strategic Framework 40
8.4 Key Area Objectives 41
8.5 Proposed Roadmap 43
8.6 Government Endorsement of the Roadmap 43
8.7 Sequencing of Interventions 43
8.8 Funding of Roadmap Interventions 43
9 Designing the Overall Investment Program ..........45

9.1 Basis for Selecting MFF Components 45
9.2 Recommended Investment Program 45
10 MFF Tranche 1 .........................................................47

10.1 Selection Criteria 47
10.2 Recommended Composition of Tranche 1 47
11 Cost Estimates and Financing ...............................50
12 Implementation Arrangements ...............................53

12.1 Investment Program Planning, Coordination and
Management 53
12.2 Executing and Implementing Agencies 53
13 Impacts and Benefits...............................................55

13.1 Policy Impact and Institutional Benefits 55
13.2 Economic Benefits and Impacts (for Tranche 1 only) 55
13.3 Other Benefits not Considered in Economic Analysis 56
13.4 Environmental Benefits and Impacts 56
14 Modelling and Decision Support Systems ............58

14.1 Introduction 58
14.2 Water Quality Modelling 58
14.3 Decision Support Tool 63

14.4 DST-for the Citarum River Basin 69
15 Conclusions and Recommendations.....................71

15.1 Conclusions 71
15.2 Recommendations 71
Annex 1: Reports Prepared by the PPTA Phase 3 Team

Annex 2: Roadmap for IWRM in the Citarum River Basin
Annex 3: Design and Monitoring Framework – Total
Investment Program
Annex 4: Indicative Implementation Schedule – Total
Investment Program
Annex 5: Design and Monitoring Framework –
Tranche 1
Annex 6: Proposed Implementation Schedule –
Tranche 1
Annex 7: Indicative Investment Plan Summary
Annex 8: Economic and Financial Analysis
Annex 9 Proposed Implementation Arrangements –
Tranche 1
Annex 10: Project Profiles – Tranche 1
Annex 11: TOR for Tranche 1 Priority Components
Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AMDAL Indonesian system of environmental assessment
AP affected person
AWP annual work programs
BOD biological oxygen demand
CC Case Composer
CPFPG Compensation Policy Framework and Procedural Guidelines
CRB Citarum River Basin
CSP Country Strategy and Program
DGWR Directorate General of Water Resources of the Ministry of
Public Works
DST decision support tool
EA Executing Agency
EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework
ETC East Tarum Canal
GOI Government of Indonesia
GRDP non-government organisation
IA Implementing Agency
ICWRMP Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Program
IWRM integrated water resources management
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
MCV Model Conservation Village
MFF Multi-Tranche Financing Facility
MOA Multi-Objective Analysis
MPW Ministry of Public Works
NGO non-government organisation
NTC North Tarum Canal
NWRSC National Water Resources Steering Committee
O&M operation and maintenance
PA Protected Area
PES payments for environmental services
PIM participatory irrigation management
PIU Project Implementation Units
PJT-II Jasa Tirta Public Corporation II
PMCU Program Management and Coordinating Unit
ppm parts per million
PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance
PROKASIH Indonesian clean rivers program
PWRS Provincial Water Resources Service
ROW right-of-way
RPMCU Roadmap Planning Monitoring and Coordination Unit
RRP Report and Recommendation of the President
SEA strategic environmental assessment
TA technical assistance
TOR Terms of Reference
WA water allocation
WLM waste load model
WQ water quality
WTC West Tarum Canal
WWTP wastewater treatment plant
Currency
Currency Unit – Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
IDR1.00 = $0.00011
$1.00 = IDR9,100
Acknowledgements
This report, which describes the processes, activities and results of PPTA
Phase 3 the, is effectively the mission report of the Phase 3 Team leader.
Each of the international team members have prepared their own mission
report. However, significant contributions to this report were made by team
members: Ramon Abracosa, Roger Jackson, Jeremy Bird, Rieks Toxopeus,
Teunis op ten Noort, Tan Bock Thiam, Darrell Kitchener and Romeo Cleto.
In addition, excellent support to the Team Leader was given by the
Indonesian consultant staff, especially Tony Bambang Trihartanto and Sri
Hernowo, and the project office staff.
Finally, the enthusiasm, guidance and tireless efforts of the ADB Mission
Leader, Chris Morris helped the Team Leader and the rest of the Phase 3
team continue on to the end, when at times the task seemed impossible.
Citarum Integrated Water Resource Management Project Page 1
1 Background
1.1 Introduction
The water resources of the rivers and groundwater systems in the Citarum
River Basin are critical to social and economic development of the country.
They are essential for urban and industrial development (particularly in
Jakarta and Bandung areas) including export industry, agricultural
production through major irrigation systems, rural water supplies, electricity
generation though hydropower, and fisheries. While the water resources of
the Citarum River Basin are relatively abundant, competition for these
resources has increased significantly over the past 20 years leading to a
situation of acute water stress and depletion of aquifers in some places.
Rapid urbanization has significantly increased the exposure to flood risk.
Environmental degradation has reached a level that compromises public
health and livelihoods, particularly for the urban and rural poor, and incurs
additional economic and financial costs related to the source of bulk water
supply and its treatment. A management focus on integrated water
resources management (IWRM) and sustainability of the water resource has
been emphasized in the 2004 Water Law. The Water Law introduces the
concept of management within the boundaries of a river basin and reflects
the principles of decentralization and devolvement of authority to local levels
as promoted by the program of regional autonomy. Preparations for its
implementation are at a preliminary stage.
Water has been a major area of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB)
assistance to Indonesia, totalling over $1.5 billion in loans and technical
assistance (TA). Improving sustainable use of water resources in-line with
the ADB “Water for All” policy, together with a strong commitment to build
capacity of local government agencies, are key elements of ADB’s
operational partnership. In particular this partnership stresses the need to
continue implementation of policy reforms, overcome weak coordination
among agencies and develop guidance for cooperative working.
Sustainability of economic growth and pro-poor development are key pillars
of the Country Strategy and Program (CSP) that will be complemented by
strengthening capacity for IWRM in the basin.
1.2 Project History

In 2003 the Government of Indonesia (GOI) requested financial support
from ADB to prepare an IWRM project in the Citarum River Basin. Initially
the main objective of the assistance was aimed at preparing a loan project
for the rehabilitation of deteriorated irrigation and water supply facilities
within the basin. The ADB responded to the request, and agreed to carry
out a Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) called the Integrated
Citarum Water Resources Management Program1 (ICWRMP). This aims to
find effective and sustainable solutions through the integration of: demand-
1
The original name was the Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Project.
However, with the change in funding modality and broader scope now envisioned, the
term “program” is considered more appropriate.
side planning; supply-side planning; operation and maintenance (O&M) of

the water control infrastructure; watershed management; environmental
management; risk management with the improvement of the facilities;
institutional strengthening; gender considerations and public participation.
The PPTA is intended as the first step in implementing the loan project and
was included in ADB’s 2004 country assistance program for Indonesia.
The initial Terms of Reference (TOR) specified that the purpose of the TA
was to assist the Government to carry out a study for the Integrated Citarum
Water Resources Management Project and include the following activities;
1. Update the IWRM plan for the Citarum River Basin;
2. Strengthen the institutional capacity for IWRM;
3. Review government policy on raw water tariffs and O&M of water supply
systems by Jasa Tirta Public Corporation II (PJT II), and recommend the
appropriate level of tariff with future responsibility of PJT II;
4. Prepare a regulatory framework for IWRM, including roles and
responsibilities of stakeholders; and
5. Formulate an IWRM project for the Citarum River basin, for possible
loan funding by ADB.
A consortium of consultants, led by the Japanese firm Nippon Koei Co. Ltd.
carried out two phases of the PPTA, commencing in early 2005, and their
work culminated with the submission of a Final Report in March 20062. After
a quite structured process of problem identification, project identification and
prioritization, the report recommended, among other things, that a total of
eighteen priority projects be included in the loan project. These projects are
described in Chapter 7 of this report.
However, three circumstances have led to a rethinking of the outcomes of
Phases 1 and 2. Firstly, ADB has introduced a number of new funding
modalities that are more client-focused, and one of these is the Multi-
Tranche Financing Facility (MFF). This modality allows loan funds to be
provided to the borrowing government in a number of tranches (stages) that
can be timed to better reflect the state of readiness and rate of progress of
the proposed projects, as well as changing circumstances over time. This
provides greater flexibility to the borrowing government, as well as lower
costs, as commitment fees do not accrue on unallocated tranches.
Accordingly, GOI agreed that the MFF arrangement would be appropriate
for the ICWRMP. In order to plan for this new flexible style of loan, a
strategic plan, or “roadmap”, needed to be developed to show what inter-
ventions would likely be needed in the future to achieve stakeholder
objectives for water resource management in the Citarum River Basin.
Development of such a roadmap was not included in the original TOR for
the PPTA.
Secondly, concern was expressed by some stakeholders, and mainly those
in the upper part of the basin, that although there had been stakeholder
consultation during the first phase of the PPTA, there was too much
emphasis on infrastructure rehabilitation and development in its outcomes.
There was a quite widely held opinion that environmental and social issues
were not adequately addressed and that there was a preponderance of
attention to be paid to the lower basin.
Thirdly, GOI has plans to establish new institutional arrangements for the
management of the water resources of basin in accordance with Water Law
2
Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Project: Final Report for Phases 1
and 2, Nippon Koei, March 2006.
7/2004. These include the establishment of Basin Water Council, for cross-
sectoral coordination, and an implementing unit for water resources
planning and management, or Balai Besar. This is expected to have a
significant impact on the functioning of existing agencies operating in the
basin.
These circumstances led ADB to approve a third phase of the PPTA that
would:
1. Review the work done in the first two phases of the project in the light of
the changed circumstances described above;
2. Assist the stakeholders in the basin determine suitable objectives for
water resource management in the basin over the projected life of the
loan (now generally agreed to be 15 years):
3. Develop a roadmap (to the year 2021) that would set out a timetable of
suitable interventions (projects) to achieve the agreed objectives, noting
that not all of these would be necessarily funded by ADB, but may be
executed with the financial assistance of other donors, or indeed with
the government’s own funds;
4. Determine which interventions might be funded by ADB under the MFF
loan, and what should be included in the first and succeeding tranches;
5. Assist the government to prepare, to the greatest possible extent given
the limited time available, a number of priority projects that will be
included in the first tranche.
6. Assist in the preparation of the RRP for loan fact-finding, appraisal and
eventual approval.
Accordingly, a number of international and national consultants were
recruited to undertake this work, some through Nippon Koei, and some
directly by ADB. Nippon Koei continued to provide administrative, logistical
and technical support. The third phase commenced on 17 July 2006. This
report documents the approach and results of the Phase 3 work, which was
completed on 15 December 2006.
2 Personnel and Inputs

The following international consultants were mobilised to undertake the
work in Phase 3.
Table 1: International Consultants
Name Position Employed By

Dr Geoff Wright Phase 3 Team Leader ADB
MFF Planner
Mr Norio Takayanagi Phase 1&2 Team Leader Nippon Koei

Resources Person
Mr Roger Jackson Project Programmer ADB

(WSS/Groundwater)
Mr Jeremy Bird Institutional Policy Specialist ADB
Mr Rieks Toxopeus Program Development Specialist ADB
Mr Teunis op ten River Basin Modeller ADB

Noort Water Quality Expert
Mr Tan Bock Thiam Economist and Financial ADB

Specialist
Mr Romeo Cleto Sociologist Nippon Koei

Resettlement Expert
Mr Ramon Abracosa Environmental Specialist Nippon Koei
Dr Darrell Kitchener Biodiversity Specialist ADB
Dr John Ackers Sedimentation Specialist ADB
The following national consultants were also employed as part of the project
team:
Table 2: National Consultants
Name Position Employed By
Pak Tony Bambang Facilitator ADB

Trihartanto Stakeholder Liaison
Pak Sri Hernowo Institutional Specialist ADB

Planner
Ibu Ratih Widyaningsih Environmental Specialist ADB
Pak Rimun Wibowo Resettlement Specialist ADB
Pak Iwan Setiawan Database/GIS Specialist ADB
Ibu Etty Riani Ecologist ADB
Iskander Nugraha Water Resources Wiratman

Modeller Associates
In addition, the following ADB staff made a significant contribution to the TA:
Table 3: ADB Specialists
Name Position
Mr Chris Morris Mission Leader

Senior Water Resources Specialist
Mr Nasimul Islam Environmental Specialist
Ms Sari Aman-Wooster Social Specialist
Mr Christophe Gautrot Legal Specialist
Mr Chong Chi Nai Principal Procurement Specialist
Ms Marla Huddleston Senior Social Development/Resettlement

Specialist
A list of the various reports prepared by the team members is given in

Annex 1.
3 Approach
It was clear that a significant amount of valuable work had been done in
Phases 1 and 2, and even though circumstances had changed somewhat,
the bulk of this was like to still be relevant. A primary consideration then was
to maximise the use of that previous work, so as to avoid duplication of
effort.
In addition, the approach taken in Phase 3 was largely to apply a strategic
planning approaches that basically asks three questions:
Where do we want to go (with water resource management in the
basin)?
Where are we now (that is, what are the existing issues/problems)?
How can we get from where we are now to where we want to go (the
“road” we need to take)?
This can be achieved using the following “vision-oriented” approach:
Reaffirm and more clearly define a shared vision of stakeholders for the
future of the Citarum River Basin (to the year 2020);
Compare the present status of water resources in the basin to the
vision, in order to identify the strategic direction that needs to be taken
(the “road” so to speak);
Formulate objectives in a number of key areas that would, if achieved,
lead to the fulfilment of the vision;
Develop a set of interventions (projects) the successful implementation
of which would achieve the objectives in each key area, incorporating as
far as possible the projects identified in Phases 1 and 2;
Design a set of “packages” of project that could be funded under the
proposed tranches under the MFF.
The relationship between the road map and the MFF needs to be clarified.
The road map attempts to cover all necessary (strategic) interventions in the
water sector required over the next 10 – 15 years. As such, it “belongs” to
GOI, not ADB, since ADB could not provide funding for all these
interventions. While ADB is likely to fund many of the interventions, through
the MFF and perhaps other funding modalities (for example, through grants
for technical assistance (TA) projects), other donors and GOI itself may (and
should) fund others. This is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Relationship between Road Map and MFF
The process for roadmap and MFF development for the Citarum River Basin
is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: MFF Development Process

This roadmap formulation process has been successfully applied to plan

ADB interventions in the water sector in Central Asia (TA 6099-REG) and
for institutional strengthening for improved water resources management in
the Tonle Sap Basin in Cambodia (TA 4212-CAM). However, in these
cases, the scope of the interventions envisaged in the respective roadmaps
was more restricted than for the Citarum River Basin. Therefore, while the
methodology remains applicable, there was greater complexity, as the
scope of interventions proposed in the present case is extremely broad.
The roadmap itself was, from the outset, seen as belonging to GOI, to guide
the way ahead towards IWRM in the Citarum River Basin. As ADB has
agreed to assist in the implementation of the roadmap, through the
proposed MFF, additional work was required to identify: (i) the projects that
might be included for funding under the MFF, and (ii) more immediately,
what should be included in the first tranche.
The execution of the work was undertaken in a very participatory way, with
stakeholders having ample opportunity to contribute, and take ownership of
the outcomes. Participation of stakeholders was facilitated by three formal
workshops held at critical times, and numerous meetings with individual
stakeholder representatives in the public sector (at national, provincial and
district levels), of non-government organisations (NGOs) and the private
sector.
4 Program Area Description

4.1 Extent
Although the proposed roadmap focuses on the Citarum River Basin, the
“basin” area defined for the purposes of the proposed program includes the
Citarum River hydrologic basin, as well as a number of smaller river basins
to the east and west that are hydraulically, if not hydrologically, linked to the
Citarum River. The program area is shown in Figure 3. The basin is
entirely in West Java Province.
Figure 3: Program Area

4.2 Topography and River Network

The Citarum River is the largest river in western Java, the region which
contains Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. The river originates in the
mountain range near the southern coast of Java that includes many high
volcanic peaks including Mount Wayang (elevation 2,200m), and travels in a
generally north-westerly direction for about 270km until it empties into the
Java Sea east of Jakarta. Its drainage area is about 6,600km2. The
upstream reaches of the river run in mountainous to gently undulating hilly
lands for about 200km, while the lower 70km stretch drains a vast flat
alluvial plain.
4.3 Water Resources

The climate of the program area is characterised by two distinct seasons:
rainy season and dry season. The rainy season occurs during the months of
November to April, while the dry season occurs during the remaining
months. January is the wettest month, while August is the driest month.
Naturally, runoff follows the same seasonal pattern.
The average annual rainfall varies from 1500 mm in the coastal areas to
4000 mm in the mountainous areas in the upper part of the basin. There
are 24 river gauging stations within the basin. This total runoff from the
catchments is generally considered to be adequate to supply demands for
all uses well into the future. However, the spatial distribution of surface
water resources is not uniform, and shortages do occur from time to time in
certain areas.
Monthly distribution of rainfall and runoff in the program area are illustrated
and shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Average Seasonal Rainfall and Runoff
Groundwater occurs extensively across the river basin, but is most

intensively exploited in the Bandung area. The total number of bores there
is estimated to be well in excess of 5,000, with depth between 60 m and
200 m below ground level. Groundwater is the preferred source for
domestic water supply in rural and many urban areas and also for industrial
purposes due to the easy accessibility, relative inexpensive treatment and
generally of good quality. Over-exploitation of groundwater resources has
become a serious issue around Bandung (see Section 5.5).
4.4 Administrative Areas

The entire program area is covered by the territory of West Java Province.
Within the program area there are a total of fourteen districts, although three
of these cover a quite insignificant area. The district boundaries are shown
in Figure 5.
Figure 5: District Boundaries Within the Program Area
4.5 Settlements and Industry

The program area covers 9 districts and 2 cities. Of the 9 districts, 5 lie
wholly within the program area. Figure 6 shows the administrative
boundaries. The population in 2003 was 17.8 million, with 4.1 million
households – 30% derived livelihood from agriculture, 25% from industry,
and 45% from services. The population in the program area is projected to
rise to 21.3 million by 2010. The dynamism of the region’s economy is
shown by 2003 data indicating West Java Province’s gross regional
domestic product (GRDP) growth rate (4.97%) outperforming that of Jakarta
(4.39%).
Figure 6: Land Use
Settlements Industrial Establishments
The Bekasi and Bandung regions are the most heavily populated and
urbanised. Bekasi essentially acts as a satellite city of Jakarta, absorbing
most of the industrial and population expansion to the east. The catchment
of the Bekasi River is rapidly transforming into numerous housing
subdivisions and industrial estates – with development pressure coming
from both the north (Jakarta) and south (Bogor). Paddy fields to the north of
Bekasi are also being converted to residential and industrial uses.
The Bekasi area in particular has been experiencing rapid population growth
and urbanisation. A 2000 census shows that 22% of Bekasi City residents
and 18.5% of Bekasi District residents are migrants that have moved into
the area only within the last five years of the census.
Industrial locations are generally interwoven with settlements and there is
no clear zoning or separation of these land uses in the region. Although
settlements and industry make up only 8.2% of the program area, their
impact on land use change in the region is significant. The mixed industry-
settlement land uses are clustered along a rapidly urbanising corridor
defined by the recently completed expressway linking Jakarta and Bandung,
which passes through Bekasi, Karawang and Purwakarta. The arrowheads
in the urban corridor depicted in Figure 7 show the direction of urban sprawl
stimulated by the new highway corridor. In the coming years, urbanization
will take place both in the form of continued expansion toward the upper
catchments (in Bekasi and Bandung) and via a more recent but accelerating
expansion toward the coast in Karawang.
Figure 7: Rapidly Developing Urban and Transport Corridor
Bekasi City and Bekasi District, for example, are projected to grow in terms
of population by 20% in 2010, compared with Year 2005 figures (around 2
million each). Karawang’s population, too, is projected to grow from 1.97
million in 2005 to 2.15 million in 2010 (9% growth). Between 2000 and 2005,
Karawang’s population grew by 11%. In the Upper Citarum region
settlement areas increased from 25,000 ha in 1992 to 46,000 ha in 2001.
This corresponded with a 40% decline in paddy field areas, from 12,500 ha
in 1992 to 75,000 ha in 2001. As in Bekasi, the upper basin is experiencing
a rapid conversion of paddy fields into settlements.
The pattern of urbanisation in the region has a significant impact on the
water supply system, not only because of the projected increased demand,
but also because much of the domestic and industrial water supply to
Bekasi and Jakarta passes through the same corridor (West Tarum Canal).
Settlements and commercial establishments are gradually encroaching on
the canal easements, threatening both water quality and water supply
security.
4.6 Agriculture and Forestry

The area is a key rice producer for the country. There are a total of 390,000
ha of irrigated paddy fields, with 240,000 ha served by the Jatiluhur
reservoir and canal system in the lower basin. Land devoted to rice
production make up nearly half (47.5%) of the program area, with 70% of
these fully irrigated. Rain-fed areas cover 43,000 ha, or about 10% of the
land use. See Figure 8.
In the Upper Citarum watershed around Bandung District, hilly land farming
is pervasive and many of the farmers still prefer to plant vegetables and
annual crops that do not provide adequate cover and protection from soil
erosion. The population density in Bandung District is 32 persons per ha,

growing at 3.45% annually. By the year 2010, the population in the district is
projected to reach 7.4 million. Forty percent of the population is engaged in
agriculture. In the Upper Citarum as a whole, land used for upland farming
increased from 6,000 ha in 1992 to 37,000 ha in 2001.
In the Upper Citarum, the expansion of urban settlements is taking place
largely through conversion of the surrounding paddy fields. On the other
hand, the expansion of the upland farming areas (which increased by
31,000 ha from 1992 to 2001) is taking place at the expense of the forest.
Thus, forested areas in the Upper Citarum has declined from 35,000 ha in
1992 to 19,000 ha in 2001 (45% reduction).
Figure 8: Agriculture and Forest Map
Rice Producing Areas Primary and Secondary Forest

Areas
The remaining forests cover only about 10.2% of the program area—
100,600 ha of primary forest, and 34,800 of secondary forest—far less than
the 30% mandated in the Forestry Law (#41, 1999). While nearly all of the
remaining primary forests are designated for protection and conservation,
secondary forests are still considered as production forests where
harvesting of forest products and timber is allowed. Much of the remaining
primary forest is in fragmented condition, reducing their viability as an
ecosystem and making them vulnerable to continuing encroachment and
conversion for upland farming. Creating corridors to link these fragmented
forests is important for ensuring their ability to support biodiversity.
5 Re-Assessment of Basin Issues

5.1 Introduction
During Phase 3, work was undertaken to re-assess the basin issues to
confirm the answer to the “Where are we now?” question. This assessment
is not at odds with the assessment made in Phase 1 of the PPTA, but
perhaps presents a strategic view.
5.2 Poverty
The situation regarding poverty and access to water supply and health
facilities in the 15 districts and municipalities that lie fully or partially in
the Citarum river basin, based on SUSENAS 2004 data, can be
summarised as follows:
A poverty headcount of 2.8 million or 9.7% of the basin population with
poverty levels of the total populations ranging from 1.5% to 4.8% in the
municipalities (which are totally urban) and 2.9% to 26.4% in the
districts (which have a mix of urban and rural populations). In some
districts poverty is more prevalent in the urban population compared to
the rural population, in other districts it is the reverse—there is no clear
pattern.
Access to clean water in the municipalities varies 77-97% of total
population (poor and non-poor), whereas in the districts it is lower and
lies in the range 37-87%; coverage is significantly lower amongst the
poor in all areas except Bekasi and Cianjur where levels between poor
and non-poor are similar.
Coverage of households with toilets in the municipalities varies 94-100%
of total population, whereas in the districts it is 53-89%; in many areas
coverage is significantly lower amongst the poor, but in others (Bekasi,
Depok, Cianjur and Subang) coverage is similar between poor and non-
poor.
The comparison between poverty and coverage of households with
clean water and household with toilets shows that there is a general
trend between low poverty and high coverage of water and toilet
facilities, and higher poverty and lower coverage of facilities (see Figure
9).
Figure 9: River Basin Poverty and Coverage of Households with

Clean Water and Toilets
120
100
Water coverage
% Coverage 80
60 Toilet coverage
40
Linear (Water
20 coverage)
0 Linear (Toilet
coverage)
0 10 20 30
% Poverty
5.3 Institutional Arrangements

Indonesia’s 2004 Water Law provides the enabling framework for IWRM.
Implementation of IWRM within a river basin context is being promoted
through establishment of river basin management units or Balai / Balai
Besar. In view of its strategic importance to the country, a combined basin
comprising the Citarum, Cisadane-Ciliwung, and Cidurian-Ciujung-Cidanau
rivers has been designated as one planning unit under the policy guidance
of a single Basin Council. It will be managed initially through three sub-basin
Balai Besar. The Dewan Air or Basin Council will represent national,
provincial, district and other stakeholders, incorporating a balance between
government and non-government representatives.
Recently, a range of water management responsibilities (such as water
quality management) have been delegated by GOI to the kabupaten (district
government bodies), in a move to devolve decision-making closer to the
“grass roots”. While this is an admirable aim, it has its problems, for
instance: the number of kabupaten is large and their technical capacity to
discharge their responsibilities effectively is very limited in many cases; (ii)
“fragmentation” of decision-making can lead to inconsistencies in water
policies from one area to the next; and a high degree of coordination is
required at higher levels.
Despite attempts to improve the institutional framework for river basin and
water resource management, there appears to be general agreement that (i)
current institutional arrangements are highly sectoral with limited effective
coordination and (ii) although regulatory frameworks and standards are
generally in place (e.g. for water quality or licensing), enforcement is weak.
Consideration of the organizational functions inherent in integrated water
resources management demonstrates that:
Responsibilities of the Directorate General of Water Resources of the
Ministry of Public Works (DGWR), Provincial Water Resources Service
(PWRS), Jasa Tirta Public Corporation II (PJT II), West Java Irrigation
Project and the Citarum River Water Resources Irrigation Project are
limited to in-stream activities (related mainly to surface water irrigation,
flood and drought management, and so on) and have little influence in
off-stream aspects that have been identified as some of the key
problems facing the basin (deterioration of the watershed, pollution

control, waste disposal, groundwater exploitation, and so on);
The current focus of the provincial and basin coordination mechanisms
also tends to concentrate on these in-stream areas; and
Groundwater is the responsibility of provincial and district agencies
responsible for mineral resources – not water resources.
5.4 Surface Water Management

Average annual demand from the Jatiluhur Reservoir has increased from
140 m3/sec in 1996 to 156 m3/sec in 2004. In 1996, the Jatiluhur system
supplied adequate water releases for irrigation and domestic/industrial
supply (through the West, North and East Tarum Canals). However, in
2001, the system reportedly failed to meet water needs for 1.5 months
during the dry season; and in 2005, it failed to meet water needs for 5
months.
Inflow into Saguling Reservoir has been decreasing. Between 1986 and
1991, dry season flow into the Saguling reservoir was 38% of the average
annual flow. This percentage went down to 36% between 1992 and 1997,
and declined further to 34% starting in 1998. Watershed degradation is
seen as the principal cause. Denuded catchments have reduced capacity
to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy months.
In turn, the lower water retention capacity reduces the amount of water
available for release as “base flow” during the summer months.
It is not certain to what extent water scarcity at the source (catchment areas
and reservoir storage) is the real problem. The common view is that,
catchment runoff and reservoir storage volumes are adequate, but the poor
condition of the water distribution system results in a lot of water being lost
or wasted, thereby failing to meet water needs at the users’ end. This is
particularly true for the lower basin area. The evidence is that hydraulic
control structures in the lower basin are defective or are malfunctioning due
to lack of maintenance. Nonetheless, continued watershed degradation
combined with increasing water demands for agriculture, industry and
drinking water are bound to create water scarcity problems in the coming
years.
5.5 Groundwater Management

A considerable portion of the region’s water demand, in particular that of
Jakarta and Bandung, is supplied by groundwater. The rate of groundwater
extraction is believed to be considerably under-estimated, since a large
portion of the extraction activities are not registered. Actual abstraction is
believed to be at least three times the quantity reflected in official records.
As early as 1997, a study by the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA) had estimated groundwater abstraction in the Jakarta metropolitan
area to be around 8 m3/sec. This is about half of the surface water supplied
to the metropolitan area by the West Tarum Canal (WTC). As reported in
the JICA study, domestic use accounted for almost 90% of total
groundwater abstraction in Jakarta. As a result, groundwater is thought to
have exceeded sustainable levels. In both Jakarta and Bandung, over-
exploitation of groundwater is reported to have caused land subsidence. In
turn, this has caused structural damage to some buildings and, more
significantly, exacerbated local drainage and flooding problems.
In Bandung, an estimated 90% of the population, and 98% of the industries,
rely on groundwater. Modelling studies done in 2002 suggest that recorded
groundwater extraction is only about one-third of the actual amount. The
lowering of the groundwater level is reportedly up to 5 meters per year in

some places. The cumulative water level decline since 1920 has been
85 m. In 2005, it was estimated that land subsidence had reached 0.8 m.
In order to get clean water, industrial wells have to be drilled to beyond
150 m.
Industrial groundwater abstraction in Bandung has also had a devastating
effect on shallow wells on which numerous households depend. Most
industrial and domestic effluents—particularly for industrial establishments
that are not covered by the PROKASIH (clean rivers) program--are not
properly treated, and the infiltration of polluted water has caused
deterioration in the water quality of shallow wells, indicated by black and
yellowish water colour.
5.6 Erosion and Sedimentation

Watershed erosion is a serious problem in the upper river basin where
hillsides are steep and the catchment denuded. Even on steep slopes,
farmers cultivate non-perennial crops which do not provide adequate ground
cover from the heavy monsoon rains. The soils, derived from volcanic tuff,
are easily erodible and are prone to land slides. High peak flows have also
increased the rate of river bank erosion.
Hydrologic flow regimes have been adversely changed by land degradation,
notably the loss of adequate forest cover and the prevalence of hillside
farming in the upper catchments. The degraded catchments have reduced
capacity to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy
months which carry large amounts of eroded soil. At the entrance to
Saguling Reservoir, the ratio of wet season high flows to dry season low
flows has increased from 3.4 recorded in 1992 to 7.4 in 2003. As a result,
landslides and mud flows are frequent during the rainy season. Figure 10
shows the extent of degraded areas in the basin (around 25% of the basin
area). These areas have erosion rates in excess of 60 tonnes per ha per
year.
Wet season floods carry large amounts of sediment into the three
reservoirs, especially at Saguling. Here, the average annual sediment
inflow was estimated at 8 million m3 (based on bathymetric surveys of the
reservoir conducted in 2004 by Indonesia Power, a state-owned company).
Relative to the Saguling reservoir’s catchment area, the sediment load is
equivalent to an erosion rate of 3 mm per year, nearly times the original
design rate. A similar alarming rate of watershed erosion is reported for the
Cirata reservoir.
The three cascading reservoirs (Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur) were built to
regulate flows, provide hydropower, and store/supply water for irrigation,
industrial and domestic use. They also trap sediments. However, the rate
at which sediments are being deposited in the reservoirs is rapidly reducing
storage capacity and shortening their useful life.
In the lower Citarum basin, regulated discharges coming from the Jatiluhur
reservoir combine with the flow from the Cikao River. The latter transports
considerable quantities of sediment into the Curug diversion weir. Although
much of the sediment is prevented from entering the canals (WTC, NTC and
ETC), the large quantities of sediment are transported downstream by the
Citarum River. The Cibeet River, which joins the Citarum River, adds a
significant volume to the latter’s sediment load. This load is then deposited
in the delta where it silts up the river outlet and exacerbates flooding.
Within the WTC, sediment is brought into the canal at the confluence with
the Cibeet, Cikarang and Bekasi Rivers. Occurring mainly during the rainy
season, the sediment load has silted up the canal bed and caused reduction
in canal conveyance capacity. Whereas the source of sediment load in the

upper basin is watershed denudation due to upland farming, the sediment
load from the Cibeet and Bekasi Rivers come from land conversion to
support urban development activities taking place in the catchment.
Figure 10: Extent of Degraded/Eroded Areas
5.7 Flooding
Flooding is a consequence mainly of changes in the river flow regime, in
turn caused by changes in watershed conditions. As water retention
capacity of the river catchments is reduced by denudation and land
conversion for urban development, flood peaks have increased. As
mentioned above, the ratio of wet season peak flows to dry season low
flows in the upper basin has increased from 3.4 in 1992 to 7.3 in 2003. The
increased flood frequency and severity are also invariably associated with
destructive landslides and mud flows. In the upper basin (Bandung area),
recent severe flooding and mud flows occurred in February 2005 affected
an area covering 2,000 ha. The flooding submerged parts of the area for 7
days and up to 2 meters deep – 50,000 inhabitants had to be evacuated.
Flooding around Bandung has become more frequent and severe. Here,
however, there is no single cause. The problem is due to a combination of:
(i) watershed denudation, (ii) effects of past re-alignment/straightening of
the Citarum River (through cut-offs) which, while alleviating flooding
upstream, increase peak flows downstream, (iii) localized land subsidence
due to groundwater over-pumping that impair drainage, and (iv) clogging of
drainage canals and streams by garbage. Flood-prone areas around
Bandung are located in the south area of the city along the Citarum River.
Currently, measures to reduce or mitigate flooding problems in the upper

basin are being undertaken through the Upper Citarum Flood Control
Project. Remediation measures include re-greening/reforestation and intro-
duction of structural erosion control measures in the watershed, as well as
improvement of the urban drainage system around Bandung.
At the lower basin (near Jakarta) where the Cikeas and Cileungsi Rivers join
to become the Bekasi River, converging floodwaters from the two tributaries
have caused perennial flooding in Bekasi City. Already naturally prone to
flooding due to the area’s location downstream of the confluence of two
rivers, the flooding problem is expected to worsen as more of Bekasi’s
upper catchment is subjected to land conversion for urban and industrial
development.
Along the lower Citarum River levees and other flood control works built
during the Dutch period help confine flooding within the river’s meander
zone and provide protection to the surrounding settlements. However, large
areas of the flood zone within the levees have been planted with crops and
fruit trees that have the effect of retarding flood flow, contributing to high
water levels. In addition, a long term effect of the river embankments has
been to raise the river bed due to sediment accumulation, since the levees
prevent the spilling of sediments onto the surrounding plain. Consequently,
floodwater levels inside the levees have risen above the level of the
surrounding land, putting the population at risk in case of levee failure.
At the Citarum River mouth, the build-up of deposited sediments has
created sand dunes that impede floodwater discharge. Combined with the
effect of high tides, the constricted river outlet causes perennial inundation
of the lower basin near the delta as the water is forced to back up into the
alluvial plain. The extent of areas affected by flooding and related land-
slides and mudflows is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Flooding and Related Problems in the Basin
5.8 Water Pollution

The population within the program area is growing at more than 3%
annually, attributed in part to influx of migrants drawn in by the region’s
rapid pace of development. The combined effects of untreated domestic
sewage, solid waste disposal and industrial effluents have significantly
increased pollution loads in the Citarum River system. In the upper basin,
river water that is polluted by domestic and industrial wastes from the
Bandung metropolitan area is funnelled into the Saguling reservoir. At the
inlet to the reservoir, water quality monitoring in the late 1990s showed
average annual BOD concentrations as high as 300 mg/l. Control
measures taken reduced the BOD load to 200 mg/l by year 2000, and
further reduced to 55 mg/l during subsequent years. However, as reported
by Indonesia Power in 2004, BOD concentrations at the Saguling reservoir
inlet have still gone up to as high as 130 mg/l during the dry season. In
recent years, the BOD concentrations in the Cikapunding River (a major
tributary of the Saguling River that flows through Bandung) were still
reported to reach as high as 100 mg/l. Figure 13 gives a profile of the BOD
levels in the Citarum River.
Figure 12: Pollution in the Citarum River at Bandung
Runoff from farmed hillside areas, in addition, bring in massive amounts of

plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) that induce eutrophication in the
reservoirs. At Saguling where the problem is most significant, nitrogen
loading has been estimated at 33,350 tonnes per year, and for phosphorus,
4,370 tonnes per year. Algal blooms and their subsequent decay have
been blamed for the regular occurrence of fish kills and considerable
damage to the floating fish cage industry (although some fish kills have
been attributed to other causes, for example, viruses and bacteria). In turn,
the uncontrolled expansion of fish cage operations is exacerbating the
effects of polluted water coming into the reservoir. Improper or excessive
fish feeding in the floating cages adds to the waste load as unconsumed
feed accumulates on the reservoir bed. When these organic deposits are
disturbed and resuspended (for example, at the start of the rainy season
when increased inflows induce mixing in the reservoir) oxygen demand
becomes excessive. This is thought to be a key factor in causing perennial
fish kills.
Figure 13: BOD Profile of the Citarum River
Whereas pollution of the (upper basin) Saguling reservoir poses a serious

threat to the viability of fishery activities and potential future use of the
reservoir to supply water to Bandung, the pollution in the lower basin –
particularly in the downstream portion of the West Tarum Canal – poses an
even more urgent water quality problem. The WTC supplies 80% of
Jakarta’s (surface) raw water supply, and hence is vital to the well-being of
8 million inhabitants. On its route to Jakarta, the WTC intersects the Bekasi
River which drains an area rapidly being developed for residential and
industrial use. At the Bekasi River’s confluence with the WTC, the average
annual BOD concentration in 2004 was 48 mg/l (measured at the weir site).
The pollution load in the Bekasi River is caused by untreated household
sewage, industrial wastewater, and solid waste dumped along the river
banks.
Figure 14: Solid Waste Dumping – West Tarum Canal
Lack of proper solid waste management contributes to both pollution and

flooding. Garbage deposited along canals and riverbanks contribute to the
high BOD. They also clog drains and accumulate on riverbeds reducing
discharge capacity. According to the PD Kebersihan of Bandung City,
average daily solid waste generation is 6,500 m3/day, of which an estimated
1,500 m3/day is not collected and properly disposed. Thus the annual
uncollected garbage that invariably ends up accumulating in the drainage
system and rivers amounts to 500,000 m3. According to the Saguling Dam
office, the estimate inflow of solid waste into the reservoir is 250,000 m3 per
year.
Along the West Tarum Canal, reduction in conveyance capacity is due both
to sediment deposits and the prolific growth of aquatic plants (which create
friction in water flow). Apart from contributing to the bottom detritus, aquatic
plants trap silt and accelerate canal shallowing. Plant growth is promoted
by the use of the canal as toilet and bathing/washing area for residents,
which adds substantial quantities of plant nutrients in the water.
Residential and commercial establishments along the canal are dense
particularly downstream of the waterway from Cikarang and Bekasi to
Jakarta. There is open access to the canal (only the Jakarta portion is
fenced). Where the canal width has narrowed and more land has been
exposed on the water side of the road embankment, food stalls, scavenging
shops, and other small-scale commercial establishments have sprouted.
Wastewater and garbage from these establishments are disposed of directly
into the canal.
5.9 Watershed Condition and Biodiversity

One of the primary tools in watershed management and restoration of
watershed ecological function is reforestation or re-greening of degraded
lands. There have been seven attempts to ‘re-green’ parts of the Basin
since 1976. All these, including the recent Citarik Upland Plantation and
Land Development Project, have failed in this regard. It is widely
considered these failures are because projects have not sufficiently
educated villagers about the importance of their role in such activities, have
not empowered villagers and have tried to accomplish reforestation in short
time frames. In summary, watershed management as it relates to conserv-
ation of biodiversity, either directly or through improved habitat (land, water
and forest) management, ultimately depends in large part on engaging a
large number of villages in conservation efforts. Some feel that poverty is
the root cause of villagers disinterest in improving their stewardship of the
environment. Others consider it is because the population explosion and
subsequent urbanization and peri-urbanization have fragmented village
structures and organizations. This fragmentation has resulted in loss of
village ‘unity’ and subsequent lack of empowerment. This lack, coupled with
inadequate land tenure arrangements and access to land, offers villagers no
incentive to protect land.
Figure 15: Deforestation of Steep Hillsides in the Upper Citarum
Implementation of watershed management activities as they relate to

biodiversity conservation will largely take place at the level of groups of
villages. As such the umbrella management body to assist village activities
(empowerment, assistance with support funds, mentoring, monitoring &
evaluation) that is needed is at the scale of a sub watershed. The challenge
is to link such sub-watershed management bodies to proposed Citarum
River Basin umbrella management authorities (Dewan and Balai Besar).
Villager activities in the upper watersheds are a major threat to both the
quantity and quality of water available to down-stream users. Management
of natural resources important to biodiversity needs to include a system of

reward ‘payments for environmental services’ (PES) to encourage upland
villagers mitigate activities that are inimical to water, forests and protected
area services. In return, their communities would receive benefits for their
surrendering traditional uses of these natural resources.
The greatest threat to biodiversity in the twelve protected areas in the basin
comes from villagers that live in their proximity. Key management scenarios
need to focus on involvement of villagers in management planning and
implementation. While some protected areas, such as Gunung Gede
Pangrango National Park, have a strategic management plan, there is a
general absence of functionable action plans to drive focused management
and little knowledge of their biodiversity. Further, for protected areas, there
are: (i) insufficient human resources and capacity to effectively manage
them; (ii) insufficient awareness among communities and provincial
government of benefits, costs, and responsibilities of management; absence
of significant sustainable economic incentives for communities, local
government or the private sector to support management of their
surrounding watershed; and (iii) lack of stakeholder involvement in their
management.
5.10 West Tarum Canal

West Tarum Canal is seen as a very high priority by GOI for inclusion in the
MFF. However, while in an engineering sense, the rehabilitation of the
canal is relatively straightforward, significant social and environmental
issues must be addressed.
The rehabilitation of WTC will require physical works and will involve dis-
placement of people from homes and lands, albeit without certificate,
including the acquisition of other assets, such as structures and trees. It is,
however, believed that the rehabilitation of WTC (and other existing water
conveyance systems, such as the East and North Tarum Canals, if these
were to be rehabilitated in future), will not require widening of the present
surface width of the canal and the works will likely be confined within the
established and acquired right-of-way (ROW) of the waterway and its
ancillary facilities. Therefore, acquisition of private land3 may not be
required in the rehabilitation of WTC.
System improvement of WTC will mainly require dredging and removal of
silt, and the rehabilitation of ancillary structures (i.e. flumes that double as
canal crossing for people, sluice gates, etc). However, a number of fixed
structures, such as houses and shops, are found along the inner slope of
the canal embankments; they will have to be removed. Additionally,
wooden and bamboo platforms used for toilet, bath and for laundry abound
on the water surface of the canal. These too have to be removed.
3
Here private land refers to land that is covered by formal legal rights (hak milik), and
customary and traditional rights (adat or ulayat).
Figure 16: Informal Settlements along West Tarum Canal
With regard to the dredging and removal of silt, an estimated 1.4 million m3
of silt and earth will be removed from WTC. Disposal of these dredged
materials is, however, a potential resettlement issue. Project authorities will,
and has actually done so in the past, stockpile re-usable dredged earth on
the embankments of WTC as a temporary staging area. Said re-usable
earth will be used in fortifying or fixing segments of the embankments
needing repair. On the other hand, un-suitable dredged materials, such as
silt, will be dumped in former river beds that came to be as a result of the re-
channelling of the river following the construction of the Curug Weir, the
Cibeet Weir, and the Cikarang Weir. Over the years, local residents have
developed these ex-river beds into productive farmlands using dredged
materials dumped thereat from previous maintenance activities for raising
and levelling the ground. The dumping of 1.4 million m3 particularly in the
ex-river beds will deprive farmers a cropping season, at the minimum.
The following resettlement issues have been identified and will have to be
addressed based on the Compensation Policy Framework and Procedural
Guidelines (CPFPG) developed with the assistance of the PPTA to be
adopted by the Government and concurred with by ADB: (i) use of the
shoulder of the inspection road for the temporary stock-piling of re-usable
dredged materials; (ii) loss of use of areas of the ex-river beds which
residents have made productive over the years with the planned dumping of
spoils thereat; (iii) acquisition of a number of structures on the
embankments and which are concentrated at bridges and road crossings,
including platforms on stilts above the water and which are used for toilet,
bath, and laundry; and (iv) possible disruption, if not total cutting-off, of the
water supply of individual households that tap water directly from the canals
with the use of rubber hoses.
There are associated social issues that need to be addressed in the system
improvement of WTC. These issues revolve around health and sanitation in
the locality and these are rooted to poverty. While for instance owners of
toilet and washing facilities in WTC will be compensated at replacement
cost for these structures, these affected persons (APs) and their
communities also need to be provided with alternative facilities that are
hygienic and that will last. The APs cannot be allowed to rebuild their
temporary toilet facilities in the waterway following completion of civil works
in WTC; it is not just the health of these APs that is at risk but also those of
water users in Jakarta. Another health issue that requires a sustainable
alternative with the clearing of WTC of obstructions concerns the need to
provide communities adjacent to the embankments with safe household
water. Water hoses connected to individual houses abound in the entire
stretch of the canal. The third health-related issue concerns the risk of
sexually-transmitted diseases (for example, HIV/AIDS) spreading during
rehabilitation works on WTC since sections of the inspection road at Bekasi
have many karaoke bars.
The aforementioned are called associated social issues because, while they
are not brought about directly by the project, these health and sanitation
concerns will worsen and might actually be exacerbated during the
execution of the rehabilitation works.
5.11 Water Quantity and Quality Monitoring

There are more than 160 rainfall gauging stations within the program area.
Some of the stations have been in operation since the Dutch period. Several
agencies are in charge of monitoring rainfall. The mean annual rainfall in
the region varies from 2000 to 5000 mm. The upstream areas of the
Ciherang and Cilamaya Rivers, including the watershed of the Ciputnegara
River, receive the heaviest annual rainfall exceeding 4,000 mm. The
coastal alluvial plains received the lowest rainfall.
Twenty four river gauging stations monitor flows of the Citarum River and
adjoining rivers. Daily flow data for these stations are available for the
period 1994 to 2004. The most recent flow data for the Citarum River are
reported in the Pola Operasi Citarum, dated 2005, issued by the
Coordination Committee for Water Management of Citarum River.
Surface water provides only for part of the basin’s water needs. A
considerable portion of the region’s water demand, in particular that of
Jakarta and Bandung, is supplied by groundwater. The rate of groundwater
extraction is believed to be considerably under-estimated, since a large
portion of the extraction activities are not registered nor monitored. Actual
abstraction is believed to be at least three times the quantity reflected in
official records.
Under the PROKASIH (clean rivers) program there are supposed to be 75
water quality monitoring stations along the Citarum River and its main
tributaries. Only a fraction of these stations are currently being monitored
by PJT II, which maintains a laboratory at Curug (manned by 15 staff). Due
to budgetary constraints, PJT II’s monthly monitoring is currently limited to
25 points along the Citarum River, and 11 along the WTC. Additional
stations are being monitored by the Bandung-based Puslitbang Pengairan
which monitors 10 stations, BPLDH-West Java province (7 stations), and a
number of district government units through their role in the PROKASIH
program. It is unclear which institution is consolidating results from the
various monitoring activities. The location of the water quality sampling
stations of PJTII and Puslitbang Pengairan is shown in Figure 17.
Figure 17: Location of Water Quality Monitoring Stations
PJT II operates an accredited laboratory and industries routinely send

effluent water samples to the its lab for analysis of specific parameters,
which is paid for by industries. There are reportedly 105 such requests
received every month, on average. The PJT II laboratory fees are half the
cost charged by private laboratories. On the other hand, the subsidized
fees of the lab may be a factor that discourages more private water quality
laboratories from offering services.
A sediment survey of WTC was carried out in late 2005 during Phase I of
the PPTA. Ten samples were taken along the canal. Although positive
values observed for copper, nickel, chromium and mercury (heavy metals),
these were found to be below Japanese Environmental Quality Standards
(EQS) for soil analysis to detect contamination. However, the average
value for lead was found to exceed the Japanese standard. Other heavy
metals (cadmium and arsenic) have not been detected in the canal
sediments. It is suspected that the lead found in the sediments originated
from atmospheric fallout due to pervasive use of leaded fuel over the past
several decades (the phase out of leaded fuel in Indonesia was completed
in 2005). A 1998 study reported that lead contamination found in Jakarta
soil samples ranged from 77 to 223 ppm.
5.12 Issues Analysis

In order to better understand the issues and their relationships, the “problem
tree” analysis approach was used. Actually, this same approach had been
used in Phase 1, but as a result of the re-assessment of basin issues, it was
updated, and the result is shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18: Problem Tree

6 Key Areas for IWRM

6.1 Definition of Key Areas
In order to make it easier to set objectives for IWRM and develop strategies
and specific projects to achieve those objectives, it is convenient to identify
a small number of key areas. The key areas group and categorise the
issues being faced for water resource management and possible solutions.
The issues were described in Chapter 5.
In developing the key areas for the Citarum River Basin, the following
considerations have been taken into account.
A fairly small number of key areas is desirable, but at the same time, for
clarity it should be possible for the main issues/activities to be assigned to a
single key area to the greatest extent possible. However, it is inevitable that
there will be overlaps among the key areas, as these are quite “fuzzy”.
IWRM is seen to be an approach, rather than a specific activity (or set of
activities), and should represent the “sum” of all the water resource-related
activities that cover all key areas. In other words, IWRM is not considered
as a key area in its own right.
To the extent that it suits the purposes of roadmap development, the key
areas should correspond to GOI’s categorisation of water resource
management activities, and in particular, those contained in the Water Law.
The law specifies five “missions” for water resource management in
Indonesia (that are just key areas by another name), namely:
Conservation of water
Utilisation of water
Disaster mitigation
Community empowerment
Development of information technology
However, the terminology in the Water Law is not straightforward (at least in
the English translation). The first two missions cover institutional arrange-
ments, water resource development and utilisation, and water sharing.
“Conservation” (Section 3) is used more broadly than normal and
encompasses anything related to ensuring that the water resource is fit for
purpose, such as: (a) maintaining and managing the catchment; (b) water
preservation which includes storing water, promoting efficient and effective
utilization and controlling use of groundwater; (c) water quality and pollution
control. “Exploitation” (Section 4) includes: (a) water resources admin-
istration; (b) water supply (seems to include master planning and allocation
including definition of priority uses); (c) utilization or use of water, including
operation; and (d) development (investigation, project planning and
feasibility, and implementation).
It is considered that these definitions are somewhat confusing, and should
be simplified for the purposes of the roadmap. Therefore the recommended
key areas are as described in the following sections.
6.2 Institutions and Planning for IWRM

In the definition of this key area, the term “institutions” is used in its broadest
sense, that is, dealing with organisations, as well as legislation, policies and
other protocols that define the relations among those organisations.
Planning for IWRM (and in particular in this context, river basin planning) is
seen as a mechanism for promulgating and implementing policies of
government, and as such is included in this key area. Accordingly, the
following activities are included:
Organisation restructuring;
Organisational capacity building;
Policy development;
Legislation;
Planning for IWRM4;
Regulation (such as licensing of water utilisation and wastewater
discharge);
Setting of water tariffs;
Institutions for participatory irrigation management (PIM).
6.3 Water Resource Development and

Management
This key area includes those activities that are related to exploiting water
resources – that is, increasing water availability to authorised users, and
operating and maintaining the infrastructure developed in the process. The
main activities included are:
Project planning, including “master planning” (that is, planning that
focuses on development of infrastructure, and distinct from broader
basin planning);
Construction of infrastructure for storing and delivering water (including
reservoirs, canals and pipeline systems);
Operation and maintenance of infrastructure;
Promoting efficient and effective utilization of water;
Drilling of wells for use of groundwater.
6.4 Water Sharing

This key area is often overlooked, particularly where water resources are
plentiful relative to demand. It covers the process of establishing and
protecting water rights and allocating water among competing uses and
users, as well as setting priorities for water entitlement during times of
shortage. Such allocations may be among sectors (irrigation, urban water
supply and hydropower, for example), or geographically (upstream/
downstream and inter-basin transfers). It does not include water use
registration and licensing, which is a regulatory mechanism to assist in
managing water rights and allocations, and thus comes under the key area
for Institutions and Planning for IWRM.
4
As distinct from project planning.
6.5 Environmental Protection and Enhancement

In this key area are included activities for the protection of the environment
(that has an impact on water management), such as rivers, lakes, wetlands,
forests and other natural ecosystems, and rehabilitation (enhancement) of
already degraded environments (aquatic and terrestrial).
Out of all the key areas, this one probably is the most difficult to define
clearly, as environmental protection and enhancement normally must be
achieved by a combination of structural and non-structural measures that
may include infrastructure (for instance, wastewater treatment plants),
improved institutional (regulatory) arrangements, community participation,
and so on.
Enhancement of environment management capacity in the organisations
charged with this responsibility is included under the institutional key area.
Water quality and environmental monitoring and research activities are
included in “Data, Information and Decision Support”.
Provisions for mitigating the potential adverse effects of water development
projects (for example, the impacts of dredging) are built into the projects
themselves.
Legislation and other regulatory processes aimed at minimising adverse
impacts are included in an environment assessment and review procedure,
and therefore come under “institutions”.
6.6 Disaster Management

In this context, “disaster” includes only those disasters related to water,
such as floods and mud flows. While drought must also be classified as a
water-related disaster, the strategic response to drought mitigation is
through increasing water availability, which is included above under the
water resource development key area. Activities related to disaster
management under this definition include:
Planning and construction of structural measures to control flood and
mud flows, such as levees (dikes), flood control reservoirs and so on;
and
Development and implementation of disaster preparedness plans.
6.7 Community Empowerment

Involvement of the community in planning and implementation of IWRM
activities is essential. It may be considered as a “foundation” key area, as it
supports the five “pillar” key areas described above. There is a strong feeling
among stakeholders that empowerment of the community to participate should
be an important theme of ICWRMP. In this context, community empowerment
includes:
Education and awareness raising (capacity building) of communities and
individuals on water management issues;
Activities aimed at providing information to all that need it on water
resource management and related activities;
Implementing measures to facilitate participation of the community in
water planning and management; and
Developing community-based “self-help” programs and specific projects
to provide local improvement in water supply, the environment, water
quality and so on.
6.8 Data, Information and Decision Support

This key area is another “foundation” key area, as data is fundamental to all
aspects of water resource management as such it includes:
Data collection, including: surface and groundwater quantity and quality;
other natural resources data, such as soils, geology, land cover,
ecosystems and so on; and socio-economic data, such as population,
poverty, land use, and so on;
Data archiving and management, including collation of data from various
sources, validation, computerisation, and so on;
Data sharing and dissemination among government agencies, research
establishments and so on, and providing public access to data.
Research to increase knowledge in such fields as catchment processes,
demography, and so on, as well as the development of new technol-
ogies for water conservation and environmental protection.
Development and implementation of decision support tools, including
GIS systems, hydrologic and hydraulic models, and other analytical
tools.
7 Interventions Identified in Phases 1 & 2

7.1 Process
A highly structured procedure, based on Multi-Objective Analysis (MOA),
was used to identify sub-projects (interventions) for inclusion in the loan
project. This basically involved undertaking a problem analysis, identifying
a range of candidate sub-projects to address the problems and ranking the
candidates according to a set of agreed criteria by the MOA procedure.
This procedure allowed stakeholder contribution in a structured way and led
to a list of 18 sub-projects recommended to be included in the loan project.
The details are documented in the Interim Report (August 2005) of the
consultants. The process was a valid one, although there was perhaps
more of an emphasis on problem-solving than on working towards achieving
agreed objectives.
In addition to the identification of projects, in Phase 1 the consultants
investigated and made recommendations on important associated issues,
such as what institutional arrangements should be put in place to facilitate
better policy making, planning and coordination (see the Final Report of the
consultants). However, since the circumstances have changed since that
report was submitted in March 2006, it was deemed necessary to review the
institutional aspects of river basin management in Phase 3. Current issues
for institutional arrangements are described in Section 5.3. In the end it was
decided that the institutional issues would be addressed by a parallel
technical assistance funded by ADB5.
7.2 Issues Analysis

During Phase I of the PPTA, an assessment of the water resource and
environment management problems in the basin was conducted by the
PPTA team, and this was used to draw up a package of measures to
counter the primary causes of the problems. The five “missions” mandated
by the Water Law were used as a framework for basin-wide problem
assessment. The “problem tree”6 analysis identified 11 main problems, 27
causes and 97 countermeasures. The countermeasures were then grouped
into a long list of 18 projects. These were then ranked using multiple criteria
that took into account social, environmental, economic-financial, institutional
and technical considerations. The problem assessment and criteria to be
used for prioritising alternative project were presented for validation by basin
stakeholders during consultations (“beneficiary consultation meetings”).
Using the set of criteria adopted for project prioritisation, the PPTA team
applied a weighted scoring methodology (known as “multi-objective
analysis“ (MOA) for systematically ranking the long list of projects.
5
Concept Note: Institutional Support for Integrated Water Resources Management in the
6 Ci’s Basin
6
Similar to the one shown in Figure 18.
7.3 Sub-Projects Recommended

Table 4 shows the 18 sub-projects recommended as a result of the MOA
process.
Table 4: Component Projects Recommended in Phase 1
PROJECT TITLE DESCRIPTION

1 System service improvement WTC Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal and associated
structures, and institutional strengthening for effective
management
2 System service improvement ETC Rehabilitation of East Tarum Canal and associated
management
3 System service improvement NTC Rehabilitation of North Tarum Canal and associated
management
4 Irrigation modernization WTC Improvement of water supplies to irrigators in the WTC
irrigation area by rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary
canals and water control structures and development of
a real-time irrigation management system
5 Irrigation modernization ETC Improvement of water supplies to irrigators in the ETC
6 Irrigation modernization NTC Improvement of water supplies to irrigators in the NTC
7 Productive Reforestation Reforestation of degraded catchments by planting
productive trees in the Upper Citarum, Upper
Cipamingkis, and Upper Bekasi sub-basins
8 Integrated Management of Disaster Disaster mitigation in the Bandung low lands, Upper
Bekasi, Lower Citarum, Lower Cibeet, Lower Ciheran,
Lower Cilamaya, and Lower Cipunegara areas through
river improvement works, development of a disaster
forecasting and warning system, and improving disaster
preparedness
9 Upgrading of Water Source - Upper Construction of a dam and inter-basin diversion to
Cipunegara provide increased water supplies in the Cipunegara
River, and improved watershed management in the
catchments
10 Upgrading of Water Source - Upgrading of Cipancuh Dam and associated works
Cipancuh
11 Upgrading of Water Source - Construction of Ciherang Dam and associated works
Ciherang
12 Upgrading of Water Source - Construction of Ciputarua Dam and associated works
Ciputarua
13 Enhancement of System Reliability Increasing reliability of supply to Jakarta through a new
conveyance system, and institutional strengthening for
better management of the system
14 Integrated Erosion Management Provision of structural erosion control works and a
forecasting and warning system for mud flows and
landslides in the Upper Citarum, Upper Bekasi, and
Upper Cipunegara areas
PROJECT TITLE DESCRIPTION

15 Management of Domestic Effluent Construction of new sewerage systems to service
domestic users in Bandung City, Bekasi City,
Municipalities of Cikarang and Karawang, and
implementation of new tariff arrangements
16 Management of Industrial Effluent Construction of new sewerage systems to service
domestic users in Bandung City, Bekasi City,
Municipalities of Cikao and Cilamaya, and along WTC
and implementation of new tariff arrangements
17 Solid Waste Management Implementation of structural and non-structural
measures for improved solid waste management in
Bandung City and Bekasi City, and along WTC
18 Water Supply System Construction of improved water offtake and reticulation
systems for water supply to Bandung(City and District),
Municipalities of Puruwakarta, Karawang and
Sumedang
7.4 Adequacy of Original Loan Project

Composition
At the Tripartite Meeting held in March 2006, concern was expressed by the
stakeholders, and particularly those from the upper basin, that the focus of
the project as designed in Phases 1 and 2 was (i) biased towards the lower
basin, with a strong emphasis on infrastructure rehabilitation for irrigation
and Jakarta water supply in the lower basin; and (ii) concentrating too much
on water supply, with lesser attention paid to other water resource
management issues, such as catchment management, community
empowerment, and so on.
An analysis has been done to see if the perceptions of stakeholders were
accurate, and how well the sub-projects proposed in Phases 1 and 2
addressed the key areas for IWRM identified (see Chapter 6). This is
shown in Table 5.
Actually, the perceptions of stakeholders were reasonably accurate. As can
be seen from Table 5, most of the proposed sub-projects deal primarily with
water resource develop, while other issues take a secondary or minor role.
Actually, this is not unexpected, given that (at least initially) the task of the
PPTA was to prepare a “traditional” ADB loan project, and this result should
not be construed as a failure on the part of Nippon Koei to satisfy their terms
of reference.
However, given the stakeholder aspirations for a project that deals widely
with a broad range of water resource management issues in the Citarum
River Basin, and the recent availability of the MFF funding modality that
provides good flexibility to be able to achieve this, the eighteen sub-projects
need to be “repackaged” in some cases, and added to, if the desired
outcomes are to be achieved. The roadmap approach is appropriate for
identifying new and/or modified sub-projects that meet these requirements.
Table 5: Key Areas Covered by Previously Proposed Sub-Projects
Water Environ- Commun

Disaster Data and
Phase 1 Sub-Project Institut- Resource Water mental ity
² Manage- Informat-
ions Dev’t and Sharing Protect- Empow-
ment ion
Mgt ion erment
System Service
1 Improvement – West { } | {
Tarum Canal
System Service
2 Improvement – East { } | {
Tarum Canal
System Service
3 Improvement – North { } | {
Tarum Canal
Irrigation Modernisation
4
– West Tarum Canal
{ } {
5
– East Tarum Canal
{ } {
6
– North Tarum Canal
{ } {
Productive
7
Reforestation
{ } | {
Integrated
8 Management of { } | |
Disaster
Upgrading of Water
9 Source (Upper { }
Cipunegara)
Upgrading of Water
10
Source (Cipancuh)
{ }
Upgrading of Water
11
Source (Ciherang)
{ }
Upgrading of Water
12
Source (Ciputarua)
{ }
Enhancement of
13
System Reliability
{ }
Integrated Erosion
14
Control } { {
Management of Water
15 Environment against { } { {
Domestic Effluent
Management of Water
16 Environment against { } { {
Industrial Effluent
Solid Waste
17
Management
{ } {
18 Raw Water Supply { }

Legend: } Primary focus
| Secondary focus
{ Minor consideration
8 Development of the Roadmap

8.1 Introduction
The process for the development of the roadmap follows the basic
methodology of strategic planning, as outlined in Chapter 3. Fundamentally,
the approach is to ask the following three questions:
Where do we want to go (with water resource management in the
basin)?
Where are we now (that is, what are the existing issues/problems)?
How can we get from where we are now to where we want to go
(the “road” we need to take)?
Much has been written about the current issues for water resource
management in the basin, and the key issues have already been highlighted
in previous chapters.
The roadmap itself is simply a set of strategies (and projects/actions to
implement those strategies) that define the path between the present
situation with respect to water resources in the basin and the desired
outcomes (or vision) for the future – that is, what needs to be done to
achieve the objectives.
Importantly, the roadmap is seen to belong to the government, not ADB, so
specific projects/actions may be funded from a variety of sources, both
national and from international assistance. It might be assumed, however,
that the MMF loan being prepared would be the greatest source of funding.
8.2 Agreeing a Shared Vision

Having a common vision for the future is an important first step in
developing a roadmap. It should define the “destination” that is desired.
This contrasts with “project-oriented” and “problem-oriented” approaches
that are often taken. To summarise:
The “project-oriented” approach begins with preparation of projects.
The “problem-oriented” approach concentrates on solving problems,
therefore looks first at “where we are now”.
The “vision-oriented” approach starts by clearly defining the vision:
“where we want to go”.
At a workshop held on 29 August 2006, a broad range of basin stakeholders
put forward their views on what should be achieved in the future for the
Citarum River Basin, and discussed what should be the “vision”. As a result
of the discussion, the workshop participants generally agreed that the vision
should be:
“Working together for benefits and sustainability in the Citarum Basin”
However, while this vision statement is simple and concise, it does not give
a good “picture” of the future state of the basin desired by the stakeholders
(what would one want to see if one did a tour of the basin in 2020), and
might by considered a slogan, rather than a vision statement. The words
“benefits” and “sustainability” by themselves are very general and vague.
Hence it is difficult to infer appropriate objectives that might achieve this

“vision”.
A recommended alternative is:
“The government and community working together for clean, healthy
and productive catchments and rivers, bringing sustainable benefits to
all people of the Citarum River Basin.”
Regardless of the vision adopted, the clear message from the stakeholders
is that achieving sustainability should be part of the long term strategy for
the basin. This confirms an important outcome of the World Bank funded
1997 study that produced an “integrated water management plan” for the
Citarum River Basin7. The planning study considered two alternative
strategies for water resource development, namely:
Short-term compliance strategy: To meet future water demands at
the lowest possible cost; and
Sustainable growth strategy: To meet future water demands, with
active and sustainable groundwater management, and an active set of
pollution control measures and policies.
The sustainable growth strategy was recommended and accepted as the
appropriate way forward. The conclusions and recommendations of the
study are still basically relevant.
8.3 A Strategic Framework

The vision needs to be supported by appropriate interventions in each of the
key areas (identified in Chapter 6) if integrated water resource management
is to be implemented and the vision realised.. This can be represented by
the diagram shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19: Strategic Framework for Water Resource Management
7
Integrated Water Management Plan for the Citarum River Basin, Java Irrigation
Improvement and Water Resources Management Project, Consultant’s Report, June
1997.
8.4 Key Area Objectives

The objectives for each key area are shown in Table 6. It is implicitly
assumed that achievement of all the objectives over the planning period
(taken to be 15 years) will give an outcome approaching the vision that has
been developed. Note that the key areas are defined in Chapter 6.
Table 6: Key Area Objectives
KEY AREA OBJECTIVES

Institutions and To have effective organisational frameworks, clearly defined
Planning for IWRM responsibilities and working partnerships with other stakeholders in place
for the Citarum River Basin, encompassing both ‘in-stream’ and ‘off-
stream’ aspects.
To have an effective coordination mechanism for water resources

management in the basin.
To have a harmonious and comprehensive legal framework for effective

water resources management in the basin.
To have transparent, effective and holistic water resources planning

mechanisms linked to spatial planning, and inclusive of stakeholder needs
and aspirations
To have effective regulatory (licensing) mechanisms in place and

operating for surface and groundwater utilisation and wastewater
discharge.
Agencies concerned with water management to have appropriate

technology for effective and sustainable water resource management.
Decision makers, technical experts and other key stakeholders to have

the capacity to effectively carry out their responsibilities with regard to
water resources planning and management, including procedures for EIA
and review (EARP) of projects.
Water Resource To have new or improved sources of water for domestic, irrigation,
Development and industry, hydropower, and other uses developed, consistent with water
Management availability and sustainability.
For all people in the basin to have access to adequate water supply and
sanitation.
To have all water supply infrastructure capable of operating at design

capacity.
To have sustainable asset management practices in place for all water-

related infrastructure in the basin.
Water Sharing To have an equitable water sharing arrangement among the upper and
the lower basin and transboundary water resources (water supply to
Jakarta).
To have clearly defined water rights for all authorised water users.
To have all conflicts over utilisation of the water resources of the basin
resolved quickly and satisfactorily.
Environmental To have comprehensive land use plans in place, and adhered to, in order
Protection to minimise the impacts of human activities on the environment.
KEY AREA OBJECTIVES
To have forest protection measures in place and have no further reduction

in the existing forest area.
To have priority catchments improved through reforestation and adoption

of appropriate land use and agricultural practices to minimise erosion.
To maintain biodiversity, without further degradation.
To have minimal pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural

sources entering the waterways of the basin.
To provide adequate water share for ecological maintenance

(environmental flows), for example, minimum dry season flow to prevent
salinity intrusion, sedimentation and pollutant accumulation near coastal
areas.
Disaster Management To have effective disaster preparedness plans in place for floods and mud
flow events.
To have appropriate works in place to minimise the physical impacts of

floods and mud flow events.
To have effective drought management plans in place where available

water falls seasonally below design expectations.
Community To have a high level of awareness of local communities about
Empowerment conservation, utilisation and protection of natural resources (including
their rights and responsibilities) in the basin.
Local communities to have the opportunity and forum to participate

meaningfully in the planning and management of the water resources of
the basin.
To have the enabling conditions (institutional, financial and capacity) in

place for local community involvement in provision of local water supply
and sanitation services, watershed management and waste management
Data and Information To have a comprehensive database on land and water resources in place
and in a form that is accessible to all that need it to facilitate sustainable
management of the basin’s water resources.
To use community participatory methods where ever applicable for data

collection and verification.
To have effective arrangements in place for “custodianship” of the

different water and catchment related datasets.
To have effective data sharing arrangements in place among agencies

within the basin and with central agencies.
To have suitable models and decision support tools developed and

operational to assist rational decision making about water resource
management.
To have research programs in place to fill gaps in knowledge about water-

related processes and scenarios.
8.5 Proposed Roadmap

The roadmap is essentially a planned program of interventions that will, if
successfully implemented, lead to the achievement of the objectives. In
many cases, projects to be included in the roadmap had already been
identified by previous studies and Phase 1 of the PPTA. In other cases, it
became apparent that interventions were required that had not been
identified previously, but will be essential for achieving the objectives. A
total of almost 80 interventions were identified, with a total base cost of
around $3.3 billion, proposed for a 15 year time frame. The roadmap
document is included as Annex 2.
It is an ambitious program, and crosses a number of sectors. However,
such a complex program is necessary simply because the problems are
numerous and inter-related. It is probable that, if this program was to be
successfully implemented, it would be one of the most comprehensive basin
IWRM programs anywhere in the world.
8.6 Government Endorsement of the Roadmap

The development of a roadmap through stakeholder consultation has been
an important step in the process of preparing the MFF. Its existence will be
a compelling argument to the ADB Board when the Report and
Recommendation of the President (RRP) is submitted for approval.
However, at the end of the PPTA in December 2006, the roadmap has no
official GOI endorsement, and hence has no status as a basin planning tool
for the Citarum River Basin. Accordingly, the relevant agencies (perhaps
Ministry of Public Works and Bappenas) need to take the initiative to submit
the roadmap through the appropriate channels to have it endorsed by GOI.
It needs to be “owned” by GOI, and not seen to be an ADB artefact.
It is recognised that the roadmap is a “living document” – that is it will need
to be revised over time in the light of changing circumstances. An
appropriate agency (probably Bappenas) needs to be assigned the ongoing
task of reviewing and updating the roadmap, in consultation with the line
agencies that will be involved in its implementation.
8.7 Sequencing of Interventions

It is difficult at this time to be definitive about the actual sequencing of
roadmap interventions. Clearly, the highest priority interventions need to be
done first. But there are also constraints on capacity (financial and human
resource related) to implementation. These need to be taken into account.
However, the PPTA team has made judgements, based on stakeholder
consultation, of what should (a) be funded by the MFF, and (b) in what
order. This is discussed in more detail below.
8.8 Funding of Roadmap Interventions

At a cost of $3.3 billion, funding for the implementation of the roadmap could
not possibly come from ADB alone. The MFF ($500 million) will go some
way towards assisting GOI in implementation, as will a number of grants to
fund specific technical assistance (for example, studies, institutional
support, and so on). However, it is expected that GOI will use the roadmap
as a means of attracting other multilateral and bilateral donors to participate
in this important program. In addition, GOI should allocate funds for
roadmap interventions that are less attractive to international donors, and
given the emphasis on community empowerment in many of the inter-
ventions proposed, it could be expected that a significant contribution (in-

kind and cash) from the community will be forthcoming.
9 Designing the Overall Investment Program

9.1 Basis for Selecting MFF Components
Having developed the roadmap, and gained reasonably broad acceptance
of it as a planning tool, the next step was to select the project “components”
for MFF funding. This was based on:
Project priorities identified during Phase 1
Stakeholder consultations in Phase 3
Other studies and information
Base costs should total the MFF amount of $500,000 million.
9.2 Recommended Investment Program

Table 1 shows the components recommended for the entire MFF (loan
funded only). These are grouped by key area. It is envisaged that the MFF
will be implemented in four tranches. These do not have to be “sequential”
but may well overlap, depending on the urgency and importance of
implementing the components of the MFF.
An indicative Design and Monitoring Framework for the MFF is given in
Annex 3, while an indicative implementation schedule is given in Annex 4.
This will need to be firmed up during Appraisal, but in any case, under the
MFF modality there is flexibility in the design and timing of tranches beyond
Tranche 1, so the Design and Monitoring Framework and the implement-
ation schedule should be used as a guideline only.
Table 7: Indicative Investment Program Components (Projects)
Key Area Component Projects (Outputs)

Institutions and No specific projects – this key area is being addressed by
Planning for Integrated parallel grant-funded technical assistance
Water Resource
Management
Water Resource Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal
Development and
Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater
Management
Management for Bandung
Upgrading of water source for Bandung and other uses by
inter-basin transfer
System Service Improvement for East Tarum Canal
System Service Improvement for North Tarum Canal
Upgrading of Water Source for Irrigation (Upper Cipunegara)
Cisankuy Irrigation Improvement
Curug Run-of-River Power Plant
Raising of Cirata Dam
Development and Implementation of Preferred Bulk Water
Supply Options for Bekasi and Karawang
Water Sharing Development and implementation of a water entitlements
and licensing system for surface water users
Review of allocation priorities and optimization of operating
rules for key sub-basins, including the operation of the river /
reservoir system as a whole
Environmental Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification
Protection
Development and Implementation of a Basin River Quality
Improvement Strategy and Action Plans
Improvement in water quality in Saguling, Cirata and
Jatiluhur Reservoirs through management of fish farming and
other polluting activities
Development and Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management Strategy and Action Plan for Citarum Coastline
Disaster Management No projects – this key area is being adequately addressed by
other donors
Community Support for Community- and NGO-Driven Initiatives for
Empowerment Improved Water Supply and Sanitation
Development and implementation of an Information,
Education and Awareness Strategy (IEAS) for capacity
building of communities across the basin for improved
participation in water resources policy development, planning
and management
Data, Information and No specific projects – this key area is being addressed by
Decision Support parallel grant-funded technical assistance and in several sub-
components funded as part of the investment program
10 MFF Tranche 1
10.1 Selection Criteria
In developing a “package” of sub-projects for funding under Tranche 1 of the
MFF, the following criteria should be used.
The sub-projects should:
1. Have high government priority, and hence be included in the roadmap;
2. Together cover a range of key areas and not concentrate on a single
key area;
3. Together address upper basin, as well as lower basin water manage-
ment issues;
4. Be supported by a range of stakeholder groups, and not only “special
interest” groups;
5. Have (at least) adequate economic returns;
6. Have built-in environmental and social safeguards;
7. Be at a sufficiently advanced stage of preparation (including feasibility
studies, procurement documents and GOI readiness) that they can be
commenced with minimal delay after approval by ADB;
8. Not be proposed for funding by other donors.
To some extent, satisfying all these criteria has proved to be fairly difficult,
as the focus of the PPTA changed in mid-2006,, and consultation and
preparation time in Phase 3 has been limited, compared to what is normal
for a PPTA for a loan of this magnitude.
10.2 Recommended Composition of Tranche 1

After stakeholder consultation and considerable preparation work by the
Phase 3 team, the subprojects proposed are summarised in Table 8. The
recommended Design and Monitoring Framework for Tranche 1 is given in
Annex 5. The implementation schedule is given in Annex 6.
Of these components, ADB has agreed to fund the Institutional strength-
ening and the preparation of Tranche 2 as grant-funded technical assist-
ance, while Global Environment Facility (GEF) funds have been sought for
the productive reforestation and protected area management projects.
Project profiles for the MFF-funded components are given in Annex 10.
Details of the two GEF-funded components can be found in the proposals
put prepared for GEF. A concept note on the institutional strengthening
component has also been prepared under other arrangements.
Two of the components should take priority in terms of recruitment. Firstly,
the project management component, establishing the Program Management
and Coordination Unit (see Section 12.1), will be essential to get the
program “up and running”. Secondly, the West Tarum Canal rehabilitation
will the longest of the components and therefore on the critical path for the
overall program. Terms of reference (TOR) for these two components have
been prepared and are given in Annex 11.
Table 8: Summary of Proposed Tranche 1 Package
Component Project Outputs

Program Management • Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant
stakeholders
• Coordination among projects
• Identify the need for and coordinate implementation of
minor studies (up to $400,000 total) to improve
knowledge of water issues in CRB
• Monitoring and reporting of project performance
• Capacity building for NGOs involved in the component
projects of Tranche 1
• Coordination of preparation for Tranche 2
Institutional • Assistance in establishing the Water Resources Council
Strengthening for IWRM (covering Citarum and eastern Basins), river basin
management office and support unit(s) and ongoing
support and capacity building
• Development of an Internet-based metadatabase (data
inventory) for water, land and related data in the CRB
• Design and implementation of a decision support tool,
including a basin hydrologic model, for use by relevant
agencies for policy and planning
• Development of an annual "state of the basin" reporting
system
• Development of a strategic river basin plan (pola) that will
facilitate improved and more integrated water resource
management
Rehabilitation of West • West Tarum Canal restored to its design capacity
Tarum Canal • Water quality improved through exclusion of inflows of
polluted water from crossing stream through construction
of siphons
• Water control structures restored to full operational status
• Environmental impacts minimized, and in particular
through proper disposal of dredged material
• Social disruption for those living along the canal
minimized, and in particular access to water supply and
sanitation maintained and improved if necessary
• Capacity of PJT II for ongoing management of the canal
improved.
Water Supply Options • The stakeholder forum for Bandung Sub-Basin formed
and Improved and operating effectively according to its mandate (to be
Groundwater defined during the project)
Management for • Broad stakeholder agreement achieved for preferred
Bandung option(s) for increasing surface water supplies for
Bandung
• Improved groundwater monitoring network in place
• A high level of compliance with regulations for
sustainable groundwater management in Bandung
achieved
Roll-Out of System Rice • Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the
Intensification in Three project area accelerated.
Districts • About 10,000 ha of paddy land in three districts will have:
o increased rice yield by an average of 45%
o reduced need for irrigation water by 45%
o increased labour use by 35%
o increased net income by 55%
o increased gross margin by 50%
Component Project Outputs

Support for Community- • Strengthened community capabilities to develop, co-
and NGO-Driven finance, build, operate, and maintain community-based
Initiatives for Improved water supply and sanitation facilities
Water Supply and • Development of sanitation and facilities by providing a
Sanitation subsidy for latrine constructions for the poorest 10% of
households
• Development of simple drainage, washing platforms,
soak pits, bashing and washing facilities
• Health impacts of project investments in water supply and
sanitation maximized and the incidence of water borne
and water related diseases reduced through improved
practices
Development and • Policies and procedures for water quality management
Implementation of a • Improvements to water quality monitoring and data
Basin River Quality management
Improvement Strategy • Strengthening of organizational capacity
and Action Plans • Preparation of basin-wide River Water Quality
Improvement Strategy (RWQIS)
• Preparation and implementation of area-based pollution
sources management action plans
Protected Area • A conservation management action plan developed and
Management for implemented through stakeholder participation for seven
Biodiversity [Phase 1] protected areas.
(GEF Funded) • Management zones defined- and best management
practices followed in these protected areas based on
surveys of representative wildlife present in their major
habitats.
• People in selected Model Conservation Villages adjacent
to these protected areas develop village action plans and
and are engaged in the conservation of protected area
biological values.
Productive Reforestation • A re-forestation spatial plan completed with wide
of Degraded stakeholder acceptance.
Catchments [Phase 1] • Model Conservation villages near priority areas for
(GEF Funded) reforestation receive relevant education and information;
gain conditional legal tenure of degraded Perum
Perhutani lands; develop village nurseries and; re-forest
degraded lands.
• A reward system (Payment for Environmental Services)
established that supports and encourages improved
environmental stewardship by upper catchment villagers.
• Land use spatial planning capacity at level of kabupaten
and below improved.
• Biodiversity and land degradation information and
databases made compatible with existing CRB
management databases.
Project Preparation for For each project being prepared:
Tranche 2 • Prepare feasibility study (if required)
• Prepare scope of project and estimate resources and
costs
• Prepare TOR and other tender documentation
11 Cost Estimates and Financing

A full economic and financial analysis is given in Annex 7. Only a summary
of the financial analysis is given here.
The estimated total investment cost for Tranche 1, including contingencies
and IDC for the Project is $97.31 million. The total base cost is estimated at
$78.04 million while the total base cost with contingencies is $93.25 million
(Table 9).
Table 9: Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for Tranche 1
Expenditure by Financier
Total ADB ADB
Project Components ($ Million) GEF GOI
TA Loan
1. Program Management 2.57 2.57
2. Institutional Strengthening for IWRM 2.40 2.40
3. Water Supply Options for Bandung /a 4.81 3.08 1.73
4. Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal 42.93 27.48 15.46
5. Roll Out of System Rice Intensification /b 4.17 2.67 1.50
6. Community-Driven WSS 5.64 3.61 2.03
7.Basin Water Quality Improvement Strategy 6.42 4.11 2.31
8. Productive Reforestation of Degraded 4.04 4.04
Catchments
9. Project Area Management Biodiversity 4.02 4.02
10. Program Preparation for Tranche 2 1.04 1.04
Total Base Cost 78.04 3.44 8.06 40.94 25.60
Physical Contingencies 3.90 3.90
Price Contingencies 11.31 11.31
Total Base Cost and Contingencies 93.25 3.44 8.06 56.15 25.60
Interest During Implementation 2.87 2.87
Commitment Charges 1.19 1.19
Total Project Cost 97.31 3.44 8.06 60.22 25.60
% of Total Project Cost 100% 4% 8% 62% 26%
ADB and GOI Share of non-grant project
cost 100% 70% 30%
The estimated total investment cost for MFF, including contingencies and
IDC for the Project is $830.13 million (Table 10).
Table 10: Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for Investment

Program
Expenditure by Financier
Total
($ Co- ADB
Tranche Million) ADB TA GOI
finance Loan
A. Tranche 1 - 2007 to 2011 97.31 3.44 8.06 60.22 25.60
B. Tranche 2 - 2009 to 2015
1. Upgrading Water Source for Bandung 190.00 10.00 66.24 113.76
2. System Service Improvement - East Tarum

Canal 61.53 24.69 36.84
3. Roll Out of Rice Intensification - Phase 2 5.00 2.01 2.99
4. Other projects 19.10 4.00 5.00 10.10
5. Contingencies 68.91 68.91
6. IDC and Commitment Charges 27.56 27.56
Sub-Total 372.10 4.00 15.00 199.51 153.59
C. Tranche 3 - 2013 to 2017
1. System Service Improvement - North Tarum

Canal 55.60 22.31 33.29
2. Upgrading of Water Source for Irrigation

(Upper Cipunegara) 60.00 10.00 50.00
3. Curug Run of the River Power Plant 6.00 2.41 3.59
4. Other projects 15.50 4.00 5.00 6.50
Sub-Total 185.09 4.00 15.00 129.20 36.88
D. Tranche 4 - 2017 TO 2021
1. Rising of Cirata Dam 20.10 8.07 12.03
2. Cisankuy Irrigation Improvement 56.00 5.00 17.47 33.53
3. Bulk Water Supply Options for Bekasi and

Karawang 50.00 10.00 40.00
4. Other projects 4.00 4.00
Sub-Total 175.64 4.00 15.00 111.07 45.56
ADB and GOI Share 100% 66% 34%

Annex 8 provides an investment plan summary that shows the relationship

among roadmap, investment program (MFF) and Tranche 1.
12 Implementation Arrangements
12.1 Investment Program Planning, Coordination
and Management
In order to maximise the benefit of ADB support to the Citarum River Basin,
as described in this report, the Roadmap and Investment Program
implementation will be planned, managed and coordinated at three levels:
1. Roadmap by a Roadmap Planning Monitoring and Coordination Unit
(RPMCU) under Bappenas coordinating with the National Water
Resources Steering Committee and supporting the CRB Water Council
in planning, coordinating and monitoring across national and provincial
agencies;
2. Investment Program DGWR as EA through the establishment of a
Program Management and Coordinating Unit (PMCU) in the CRB Balai
Besar ; and
3. On a day-to-day basis through Project Implementation Units (PIUs) in
each Implementing Agency (IA).
A proposed Project Organization Chart is given in Annex 9. The project
activities need to be coordinated in a flexible, transparent, and open
manner. The RPMCU and PMCU should assist in ensuring all basin
stakeholders are involved in Citarum River Basin planning and monitoring
activities. Annual work programs (AWPs) are a necessity due to
government disbursement mechanisms, these should be initiated by PIUs
and consolidated by the PMCU.
The PCMU should be staffed by a small group of international and national
consultants, supplemented by staff seconded from the implementing
agencies (for the duration of the relevant components). This will have the
benefits of:
• Providing additional staff to undertake the work of the PMCU –
professionals that are familiar with the particular characteristics (physical
and institutional) relevant to each component;
• Improving liaison between the PMCU and the individual PIUs;
• Building the capacity of IA staff through “on-the-job” work experience
alongside international and national consultants.
12.2 Executing and Implementing Agencies

It is recommended that implementation of the Tranche 1 various compo-
nents be the responsibility of national level PIUs as shown in Table 11.
The Directorate-General Water Resources (DGWR) in the (MPW) is the
logical choice as the Tranche 1 Executing Agency (EA) and should be
responsible for overall management coordination and monitoring of the
activities under the PMCU and the guidance of National Water Resources
Steering Committee (in Bappenas).
Specifically, the PMCU should:

Ensure that AWPs are submitted by the PIU in a timely manner and in a
standard format;
Review and consolidate, for all PIUs, the AWPs and corresponding
budget estimates;
Prepare and submit reports to ADB and NWRSC;
Compile the results of project monitoring and evaluation, and convey the
consolidated results to the implementing agencies and the ADB;
Liaise and coordinate with other donor agencies on complementary
activities;
Organise coordination meetings and workshops, and issue invitations to
the implementing agencies at the national, provincial, and district levels
as appropriate; and
Arrange for representatives of the implementing agencies to assist the
ADB’s review missions. Routine communications from ADB on the
Investment Program will be addressed to the PMCU.
Table 11: Project Implementation Arrangements
Component Projects Implementing Agency

Implementing Ministry
(Outputs) (PIU)
Rehabilitation of West Directorate General of PIU CRB Balai Besar,
Tarum Canal Water Resources (DGWR), Coordination Directorate of
Ministry of Public Works Irrigation
Water Supply Options and DGWR, Ministry of Public (i) PIU CRB Balai Besar,
Improved Groundwater Works and Ministry for Coordination Directorate of
Management for Bandung Mines and Energy Irrigation
(ii) PIU National DG, MME
Roll-Out of System Rice Indonesia Agency for PIU Assessment Institute
Intensification in Three Agriculture Research and for Agricultural Technology
Districts Development, Ministry of (AIAT), West Java.
Agriculture
Support for Community- Directorate General of PIU DGCD, Directorate
and NGO-Driven Initiatives Communicative Disease Water Borne Disease
for Improved Water Supply (DGCD), Ministry of Health
and Sanitation
Development and DGWR, Ministry of Public (i) PIU CRB Balai Besar,
Implementation of a Basin Works and Ministry of the Coordination Directorate of
River Quality Improvement Environment SDA
Strategy and Action Plans (ii) PIU DG Watersheds
Biodiversity Directorate General of PIU DGWC
Watershed Conservation
(DGWC), Ministry of
Forestry
Land Degradation Directorate General of PIU DGWC
Watershed Conservation
(DGWC), Ministry of
Forestry
13 Impacts and Benefits

13.1 Policy Impact and Institutional Benefits
While the basin-wide institutional issues are not to be addressed directly by
this investment program, it will have a significant impact on river basin
management policy, and will promote change in several institutional areas8.
The development of the roadmap for IWRM under the PPTA provides an
important tool for GOI to direct future investments in sectors related to water
and land management in the Citarum River Basin. The fact that GOI
requested ADB to fund part of that roadmap through the ICWRMP that is
highly multi-sectoral represents a policy shift from the “traditional” single-
sector program and project loans of the past.
Additionally, many of the proposed component projects under the
investment program include policy development, planning and
organizational strengthening. This is true for both relevant government
organizations at national, provincial and district level, as well as NGOs and
the community at large.
The benefits of these initiatives, although difficult to quantify, are like to be
substantial if the program is successfully implemented. Strengthened
institutions and a firm policy basis for IWRM will lead to a more effective and
holistic approach to water and land management at the basin level and
below in the Citarum River Basin. In turn, increased water availability,
cleaner and healthier rivers and catchments will lead to higher productivity
for agriculture and industry, provide greatly improved water supply and
sanitation in urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and better quality of life for
the inhabitants of the basin. But in addition, this new multi-sectoral
approach to river basin management will have the potential to be a model
for river basins elsewhere in Indonesia and provide an example for other
countries in the region that have embraced river basin management as a
concept, but may be struggling to implement it effectively.
13.2 Economic Benefits and Impacts (for

Tranche 1 only)
The project main quantifiable benefits are those arising from: (i) the
additional 19.6 m3/sec of water for Jakarta, Curug and Bekasi: and (ii) the
additional 4.5 m3/sec of water for paddy cultivation.
Some 10 m3/sec of water will be available to meet the domestic need of
some 4.5 million residents9 of Jakarta and Bekasi. Currently piped water is
priced at a range of Rp800 to Rp10,000 per m3: the lower rate for low
income areas, and the highest rate for high rise buildings with an average
water charge of Rp5,000 per m3 or Rp5 per litre. Many of the middle and
8
The parallel institutional project funded as an ADB Technical Assistance (described
elsewhere in this report) will have as its primary focus institutional reform and
strengthening, both for organizations dealing with river basin management, and the legal,
policy and planning basis for IWRM.
9
Assuming a water requirement of 200 litres/person/day.
high income families rely on bottle water which priced at about Rp1,000 per
litre. The poor are not able to purchase bottle water and must rely mainly
on piped water for their daily needs.
The rest of the additional water will be used mainly to meet the needs of the
industrial sector. Water is an essential input for virtually all industries; in
particular the textile, food and service sectors. Without the additional water,
growth of these industries will be severely curtailed.
The rehabilitation of WTC will provide sufficient water to cultivate 117,600
ha of paddy as compared with 91,800 ha in the without project situation.
This will increase paddy cropping intensity from 1.53 to 1.93. The Project
will increase the annual paddy cropped area by 25,800 ha by 2025. A total
of 25,800 farmers, each cultivating (2 crops per year) an average of 0.5 ha
of paddy land will benefit from this increase in crop area.
The SRI component in this project will accelerate the adoption of System of
Rice Intensification in the project area. In total, some 45,800 paddy farmers
will benefits from the Project and their net farm income will be raised by
more than 35%. In addition some 15,000 landless farmers or labourers will
also benefit from the increase farming activity and their net income is
expected to be raised by 40%.
13.3 Other Benefits not Considered in Economic

Analysis
Strengthening of Water Institutions. The Project will strengthen
several institutions involved in formulating and implementing effective
programs in water conservation, its use and improvement in sanitation
for the Citarum river basin.
Water Supply and Sanitation. The project will formulate an action plan
to increase the use of surface water for Bandung while reducing its
reliance on groundwater. In addition, 236 villages (with a population of
20,000) will be supplied with clean water, sanitation facilities and solid
waste disposal. The economic benefits of providing clean water and
sanitation facilities are high. The World Bank estimates that the returns
from such project are 5 to 20 times the actual investments10.
Restoring Degraded Land. A total of 36,000 farmers will be assisted to
plant fruit trees and other economic crops in their riverine areas to
reduce soil erosion and to restore the fertility and productivity of their
farm land. The loss in agricultural productivity caused by soil erosion
has been estimated at 4 to 7% per year11.
Maintaining Biodiversity. Seven model villages will be assisted to
implement action plan to promote the regeneration of their flora and
fauna. A total of 1,000 farmers will participate in this component.
Improving River Quality. A number of mitigation measures will be
implemented to reduce the pollution and silt load in the river system.
This will lead to improvement in the quality of river water and reduce the
cost of water treatment. Public toilets located in the canals will be
relocated, with the human waste treated in septic tanks.
13.4 Environmental Benefits and Impacts
A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was first carried out as part of
the basin roadmap development process. It helps to integrate environ-
10
World Bank, 2004. Global Analysis on Sanitation Investments.
11
ADB, 1996. Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impact, page 238.
mental management concerns into the basin plan and facilitated public
information and involvement in planning. The SEA influenced program
planning by incorporating the following program design criteria: (i) balanced
concern for water utilisation and water quality management; ii) attention to
both human use concerns and ecological protection objectives; (iii) inclusion
of capacity development for environment management and strengthening of
the environmental regulatory system; (iv) inclusion of community
participation and empowerment activities; and (v) management of water as
an economic resource.
The SEA also established a tiered approach to environmental assessment
and planning. The Environmental Assessment and Review Framework
(EARF) specifies procedures for examining more closely the impacts of
projects to be included under each MFF tranche to ensure: (i) consistency
with the basin wide assessment framework and (ii) compliance with ADB
and GOI environmental assessment requirements for individual projects.
The IEE for Tranche 1 was done as a next tier of the SEA, based on the
EARF.
The investment program’s Tranche 1 package is expected to generate
significant environmental benefits in terms of more efficient and equitable
water resources utilization (both surface water and groundwater); adequate
supply to meet growing water demand from households and industry; water
quality improvement; rehabilitation of watersheds that ensure water supply
sustainability and that also enhances socio-economic well-being of
communities; and overall improvement of institutional capacity for
participatory basin management.
Environmental safeguards are incorporated into the package both as pro-
active measures to protect and sustain water resources and to preserve
basin ecosystem functions (including biodiversity), as well as mitigation
measures to deal with any adverse impacts arising from some activities
(notably, WTC rehabilitation).
The extended, three-phase process of developing/designing the program
has been influenced significantly by stakeholder views and preferences. A
more balanced mix of project activities has been incorporated into the
roadmap—addressing quantity and quality as inseparable issues in water
resource management, introducing complementary solutions that combine
engineering and institution-building, allowing for basin management
objectives to encompass overall ecological protection, and taking into
account the interests/sentiments of stakeholders in the upper and lower
parts of the basin.
For purposes of compliance with ADB environmental assessment
guidelines, no additional study or full environmental impact assessment is
needed to further assess the potential environmental impacts of Tranche 1.
However, individual projects associated with potential adverse impacts,
specifically the West Tarum Canal rehabilitation and construction of
communal septic tanks, must comply with the review and clearance
procedures under Indonesia’s AMDAL system.
14 Modelling and Decision Support Systems

14.1 Introduction
As it has turned out, modelling and decision support tool (DST) develop-
ment has not been specifically included in the MFF program. However,
these tools are fundamental to effective planning and management of the
Citarum River Basin, and so need to be included in one of the technical
assistance projects that will run in parallel with the MFF. During Phase 3,
substantial preliminary work was undertaken to examine options for
modelling and DST development and because of its importance, this
chapter provides a summary. A much more complete description of the
work done, and the results, is given in the Main Report on Data and
Modelling and its annexes by Teun op ten Noort prepared during Phase 3
(see Annex 1).
14.2 Water Quality Modelling
14.2.1 Objectives of Water Quality Modelling

The objective of water quality (WQ) modelling in Citarum River Basin, where
the problems are important, is to decide where and what measures should
and could be taken to improve the water quality in the river and reservoirs.
The principle is indicated in Figure 20.
Figure 20: Role of WQ Modelling in IWRM

14.2.2 General Considerations Related to WQ

Modelling
For a good understanding it is necessary to realise that all WQ models
should include a water allocation (WA) component. The WA component
can be relatively simple, such as a water balancing model (MIKE Basin,
RIBASIM, or IQQM12) or a fully hydrodynamic model describing the detailed
movement of water such as Mike11, SOBEK, or HEC-RAS. So, in the
following discussion, where WQ models are discussed, the WA component -
by simple balance, full hydrodynamics or some intermediate lag function - is
implicitly included.
The modelling of WQ in surface waters can be classified into two different
categories: riverine (in-stream) processes; and lake (reservoir) processes.
In the recent past some attempts to model the water quality in the Citarum
River Basin, covering both riverine and lake processes, were made with
very sophisticated models, needing large amounts of data (hydrological,
hydraulic, chemical, biological). These models could only made to perform
with many assumptions and simplifications, casting doubt on their useful-
ness.
It is with this in mind, future work under the ICWRMP “umbrella” should
follow a more basic approach, in line with the specifically felt needs within
PJT-II, to develop models for the assessment of the carrying capacity of a
river in order to support the evaluation of effluent discharges to a river. It is
one of the responsibilities of PJT-II to give a technical recommendation with
regard to the development of a new industry or any other facility that will use
surface water and return it as (treated) wastewater to the same stream.
It should be appreciated that many WQ processes are coupled and time
dependent. This implies that the residence time in the river reaches is
usually too short for those processes to fully develop. They do develop,
however, in reservoirs where the residence time is considerable (say,
greater than 100 days). Thus it is not useful to apply sophisticated models
in the river reaches. This holds in particular for the relatively short stretch of
the Citarum between Bandung and Saguling reservoir, and to a lesser
extent between Djuanda reservoir and Curug in the Citarum and between
Curug and the main drinking water intakes of Jakarta in the West Tarum
Canal.
A far better approach for those river and canal reaches - where most of the
pollution is collected - would be to develop so-called “waste load models”
(WLMs), to see where the wastes originate from and how significant the
loads are. The WQ monitoring that is being done at the moment - however
important - is merely to indicate whether the standards defined for that
stretch of the river are met or not. They give an indication where problems
exist, that is where waste load models should be developed.
A WLM can be nothing more than spreadsheet detailing more or less what
the waste loads (qualitative and quantitative) are at various points in the
basin. Since the (influence of the) residence times in the river system are
negligible, a simple calculation gives the concentrations in the particular
river reaches. The more simple in-stream WQ models as shown below
perform routing of individual pollution constituents through the river system,
besides the WA calculations. Hence, it is important that these models (WA
+ WQ components) have at least a flow routing component to simulate the
lag times in each reach (known as the “residence time”).
12
These and other models are briefly described below.
An inventory of industries, their treatment processes and pollution loads in

the Citarum River Basin should be put into a GIS to become really useful.
14.2.3 Simple and Coupled WQ Models

In simple WQ models the interaction between the various polluting
constituents is not modelled. These models do include simple process
parameters, usually decay coefficients, and may be sufficient for river
reaches where residence times are relatively short and full processes would
not really exist. It can be considered as a form of "constituent" routing,
similar to "flow" routing through the river reach. By monitoring these
reaches one can obtain an idea of the carrying capacity of the river, whether
the standards are exceeded and an indication of where problems do occur.
As already mentioned, for the source of the problems it is actually more
useful to set up a waste load model.
WQ models where various processes are coupled, are much more
complicated (see for instance Figure 21 and Figure 22) and only useful for
water bodies where residence times are considerable, say greater than 100
days. Thus such a model is only useful in the Citarum reservoirs, and has
already been applied in the past for an ad hoc study. In general these
models require large amounts of data to be of any use and can produce
very detailed results.
Figure 21: Interaction Among WQ Processes

Figure 22: Interaction Among WQ Processes: the Nitrogen Cycle
In Figure 23 and Figure 24 particulars of some well-known WQ models are

given for comparison purposes. However, in the context of IWRM for
ICWRMP only models that run in the Windows operating system are
discussed in the following.
Figure 23: Some Well-Known WQ Models: Basic Information

Figure 24: Some Well-Known WQ Models: Variables and Processes
14.2.4 Recommendation for Modelling Approach

Although PJT-II has indicated that they prefer public domain (license free)
software, for water resources management planning purposes more
dedicated software is required that lets the user(s) easily run various
scenarios, present results in various formats and levels, and is GIS-based
or linked. Also, since based on the results, important investment decisions
are being taken one should not shy away from commercial software that can
do the job.
It is, however, imperative that proper funding for the software, including
maintenance and training, is ensured during the whole of MMF. Thus it
should be very clear what organisation is responsible for building and
maintaining the (integrated) model.
Thus ICWRMP is really looking for the combination of a detailed WA model
which includes a WQ component for planning purposes, and is linked or
better integrated with GIS. Unfortunately, no such model presently exists.
Therefore ICWRMP should limit its choice to the following combination for
IWRM planning:
A. Pollution sources and quantities
• Simple Waste Load Model (spreadsheet) + GIS
B. In-stream modelling (WA only for reservoirs)
• Model that can do detailed WA calculations, and WQ routing (non-
coupled processes)
• Model that is integrated or at least linked to GIS
C. Reservoir modelling (WQ only)

• One of the more complicated models mentioned above (coupled
processes)
The order in which a WQ planning study would be executed, would be A – B
– C, in an iterative manner. However, the modelling parts of A, B and C
could be developed independently and or later added. Since WA is still the
most important part of IWR planning, of immediate interest are the software
packages that fulfil requirement B, which are:
• WEAP
• IQQM
• RIBASIM
• MIKE Basin
Each model has its advantages and disadvantages. WEAP and MIKE
Basin are fully GIS integrated which requires that a good GIS for the
Citarum River Basin is readily available. Both RIBASIM and IQQM, do not
require GIS, although schemes and various results (for example, "movies"
in RIBASIM) can be shown graphically. Of all these models, RIBASIM is the
only one that can fairly easily be updated and extended with its built-in WQ
module. There is good local experience available and it is also inexpensive.
It also has all the detailed WA requirements, which WEAP and IQQM in
particular are missing.
The conclusion must be that for the B-part RIBASIM is the most efficient
solution, it will cost the least both in time and money building on the already
available local experience.
14.3 Decision Support Tool
14.3.1 What is a Decision Support Tool?

A Decision Support Tool (DST) is a tool which helps organising the
assumptions, opinions and conclusions of (a group of) persons about the
measures to take (or not to take!) such that a complex situation can develop
in a required way.
Actually, a DST is:
a tool which helps to decide, or rather supports the discussion on
alternatives in a structured manner;
based on models, simplified calculation rules and explicit links, and
is capable of showing the relative sensitivities of various parameters.
A DST is not:
capable of taking a decision;
the only basis for decision taking;
necessarily a good representation of the reality.
The application of a DST consists of four main steps in an iterative process
as shown in Figure 25. The steps "Explore" and "Define" are often
combined to one step called "Compose".
Figure 25: Main Steps in the Application of a DST
Explore Define Compute Analyse
Any DST consists of a number of elements. It should be realised that in all

cases of IWRMP the movement of water is the prime driving force affecting
the whole river basin system with is a interaction between three overlapping
domains, namely:
Landuse
Water Management
Socio-economy
A DST takes elements from these domains (and their links) into account and
makes them manageable. So, by definition there is no general DST - it is
tailor-made for each application. And even then, as more data and more
sophisticated models become available, the DST has to be adapted to
include these, but only if this higher degree of sophistication yields better,
significantly more accurate results. Thus, ideally, a DST is a dynamic model
that has to be revised or updated from time to time.
The degree of detail of the underlying models (or rules) depends not only on
the objectives but foremost on the availability of data of sufficient quality.
For instance, if there are no good data available dissolved oxygen in the
river - one of the most important parameters related to its "health" – one has
to seriously consider if including this parameter in a model will add to a
better understanding of the water quality in the river basin.
Every modern DST consists of a number of modules with different
objectives, often overlapping each other as shown in Figure 26 for a general
case, and Figure 27 for a DST for WRM:
a DST management module (Case Composer with its own database
and presentation tool)
GIS and its database
a number of databases (hydrological, socio-economic, fisheries, and so
on)
a number of models, decision rules, and so on.
Figure 26: Common Components of Many DSTs

Figure 27: Common Modules of a DST for IWRM in a River Basin
Expert
GIS and
Knowledge,
Databases
Decision Rules
River Water
Case River Water
Quality Planning
Composer Allocation Model
Model
Resource
Economics
Model
Computations
Analysis
14.3.2 Management of the DST

A Case Composer (CC) is the heart of the DST. It organises the order of
execution of the other modules, according to a number of tailor-made script
files. It uses its own database (for example, MS Access), where the
parameters of the various cases (projects and scenarios) are maintained.
With a CC various cases to study (compute) are defined. A CC also
contains utilities to present results in tabular and/or graphical form.
14.3.3 The GIS and Its Database

The GIS presents the spatial information as thematic maps, based on
various layers. The GIS can include all kinds of documents: Word, Excel,
photos and so on. For instance a layer "Cities" in the database contains
also the projection of the total inhabitants for the various time horizons
under consideration. The GIS allows one to draw lines, points and polygons
on a map, thus indicating project locations on a map of the river basin.
By making a special layer for projects, one can indicate more than one
project, where a project is the human spatial intervention, which has a direct
influence on the river, for example the location of a wastewater treatment
plant. If there is a link between the GIS and the water (WA and/or WQ), the
CC keeps automatically track.
14.3.4 Databases
Each DST contains also a (large) number of other databases, most of them
concerning time series that could be linked to the models, GIS and always
to the CC.
Examples of these databases are:

Hydrological (discharges, levels, for instance, HYMOS, TIDEDA, and
HYDSTRA);
Hydraulics (cross-sections, long-sections, weirs, gates, and so on);
Water quality parameters at a number of locations;
Climatological (rainfall, evaporation, temperature, wind, sunshine, and
so on);
Socio-economic (population, industry, fisheries, administrative
boundaries, and so on)
Physico-chemical (water quality standards, and so on);
Ecological.
14.3.5 Models and Calculation Rules

A DST also contains a number of models and calculation rules. Examples
of models are, water allocation and water quality. Simple calculation rules
take the place where sophisticated models do not sufficiently contribute to
the objective. For instance, in the case of BOD5 input calculations, the rule
that one person produces 38g BOD per day is probably adequate to
describe the process for planning purposes.
14.3.6 Cases, Scenarios, Measures and Plans

A DTS uses a special terminology. The central, primary element the DST
acting on is a "case". Cases are composed from a combination of
scenarios, measures, strategies and projects. These are managed in an
orderly structured way by the Case Composer. Thus a case is a
combination of:
a selection of scenario developments;
a selection of measures (a strategy, project)
A diagram showing typical inputs to compose a case is shown in Figure 28.
Figure 28: How a Case is Composed in a DST
Scenario Project
Hydrology
Hydrology Region
Region
Scenario Scenario
BOD5
BOD5 load
load
Population
Population
Scenario
Fish
Case
Case
Fish Cages
Cages
Scenario Scenario
BOD5
BOD5 load
load
Agriculture
Agriculture Time
Time Horizon
Horizon
Scenario Scenario
BOD5
BOD5load
load
Scenario
Industry
Industry
A scenario is a combination of:

autonomous developments of variables inside the study area, for
example land use, population growth, and industrial development;
autonomous developments of variables "outside" the study area, setting
the boundary conditions, for example rainfall, river inflows, and sea
levels.
These autonomous developments inside the study area - although
continuous processes that could be modelled and included separately - are
usual included the form of "snapshots" values at preset time horizons, for
example 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025.
A project is the "translation" of a measure. Similarly a plan is the
"translation" of a strategy. Measures and strategies in the context of a DST
are defined as follows:
a measure consists of proposed interventions regarding the objects in
the study area, for example, land use (area), public awareness (society),
infrastructure (WWTPs), but also legal and institutional.
a strategy is a combination of measures in the study area in order to
put into effect a certain desired development, for example, towards a
clean river, or towards a better (natural) environment.
As can be appreciated, sometimes there can be discussions if
developments have to be labelled as scenarios or as measures. This is a
matter of perspective: for instance, is a change in land use driven by
autonomous decisions by farmers (scenario) or by a government law
(measure)? A DST handles both the same way. However, scenarios are
processed before measures, so the sequence of implementation is the
determining factor.
14.3.7 Analyses
Normally, one is interested in how the river system would look like in a
future situation. Since it is not known beforehand, and cannot really
forecast a long time ahead, the boundary conditions such as rainfall (of
which we know that the past series will not be repeated in the same
manner), the approach is the following:
Develop an input data set (rainfall, evaporation, and so on) of sufficient
length (ideally > 40 years) containing wet and dry periods.
Select the inside developments at the preset time horizon (demands,
pollution, and so on).
Run the model(s) for the 40 year of rainfall data, keeping the inside
developments constant.
It is now possible to see how often in these 40 years, preset levels of
demands, pollution, and so on, could not be met, and draw a conclusion
from it for a project, for example increase a WWTP's capacity for that time
horizon. Or, on the other hand, one may just come to the conclusion that the
foreseen capacity of the WWTP is too high.
A DST might also include a multi-criteria analysis13 (MCA) tool to rank
(score) the results of various cases, depending on the weight of
predetermined key values to be included in the MCA.
14.4 DST-for the Citarum River Basin
14.4.1 Objective
The objectives of a DST-Citarum are:
to serve as a platform on which all current modelling activities can be
integrated and analysed.
to serve as an aid for the river basin manager, that can be used to
optimize the integrated water management of the Citarum River Basin.
14.4.2 What to Include?

The list below is just a tentative suggestion and will need to be adjusted and
extended according the wishes of the potential users and stakeholders.
Scenarios
Different time horizons
Short term
Medium term
Long term
Climate change:
Sea level rise
Change in precipitation
Change in river run-off
Rural and urban developments:
Irrigation/agricultural area
Population growth
13
This is basically the same technique as that known as “multi-objective analysis” that
was used in Phase 1 of the PPTA for selection of projects.
Groundwater abstraction
Rural waste loads
Waste loads from Bandung, Purwakarta, (others?)
Economics:
Market developments
Resource economics: Rice crops, fish prices, (peak) power
production
Measures14
River basin management
Dam construction
Dam operation (Citarum reservoir cascade)
Land use
Dike (re)construction
Dredging (WTC)
Infrastructure (siphons, rehabilitation of main offtake gates, cross-
regulators, etc)
Improvement of WWTPs at industries/industrial estates
Construction of WWTPs Bandung, Purwakarta
Coastal management
Dredging
Infrastructure
Analyses
After processing each case, the user may analyse the results in various
ways: tables, graphs and maps. To compare cases and find out which
solution is the most promising, the DST-Citarum must include a Multi
Criteria Analysis (MCA) tool. The MCA tool presents scores of the different
case, depending on the weight of the key values which are included in the
MCA.
A decision on which key values to be included in the MCA module of DST-
Citarum has to be taken at the design stage. An example of such a key
value may well be the maximum DO concentrations at public water supply
intakes, of the reservoir inflows, or maximum and minimum flows at critical
points in the system.
14
These will come from the roadmap.
15 Conclusions and Recommendations

15.1 Conclusions
Phase 3 of the Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Project
has built on the work done in Phases 1 and 2 to expand the scope of the
planned program of interventions in order to achieve a more “integrated”
result. In particular, the strategic approach used to develop the “roadmap”
identified a much more comprehensive range of interventions needed to
achieve the stakeholder vision of:
“The government and community working together for clean, healthy
and productive catchments and rivers, bringing sustainable benefits to
all people of the Citarum River Basin.”
The roadmap has the potential to be a valuable planning tool for the
Government of Indonesia in the future development and management of the
water and land resources of the Citarum River Basin. It is not meant to be
an ADB roadmap.
After considerable stakeholder consultation, from the roadmap, a list of high
priority interventions were selected for inclusion in the program to be funded
under the MFF. This program is highly multi-sectoral, covering a broad
range of intervention types from biodiversity protection, to irrigation
rehabilitation, and institutional strengthening. If implemented, this program
will very likely be the most comprehensive river basin development and
management program ever funded by ADB under a single funding modality.
A key philosophy in the design of the program has been that, to the greatest
extent possible, the interventions to be funded under the MFF will be stake-
holder-driven. The MFF funding modality gives the flexibility to modify later
stages of the program in line with changing environmental circumstances
(physical, social and economic), as well as stakeholder needs and
expectations.
The program is complex and will be very challenging, as many agencies will
need to be involved in its implementation. However, one must say that
complex problems (as presently exist in the Citarum River Basin) require
complex solutions. The efforts required to implement the program will be
very well rewarded.
15.2 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made as a result of Phase 3 of the
PPTA:
1. A roadmap for achievement of a stakeholder vision for the future of the
Citarum River Basin has been developed after extensive consultation.
GOI should take steps to formalise/ratify this to become part of
government policy.
2. The roadmap is not intended to be a static document and needs to be
regularly updated to reflect changing circumstances. GOI should
establish a small unit (perhaps in Bappenas) to monitor progress on
roadmap implementation, evaluate effectiveness of the interventions
(towards achieving the vision), and recommend amendments to the

roadmap to improve its effectiveness.
3. The program proposed for the MFF in this report had still not been
formally agreed to at the end of the PPTA. This should happen as soon
as practicable, with modifications to the program if necessary. Priority
should be given to finalising Tranche 1.
4. Other donor support should be sought by GOI to implement inter-
ventions in the roadmap not included in ADB and GEF funded projects
for the Citarum River Basin (MFF and parallel technical assistance).
5. A “State-of-the-Basin” reporting system should be developed and
implemented to assist with monitoring roadmap implementation, as well
as for more general monitoring and evaluation purposes. Ideally this
work should take place as part of the institutional strengthening
technical assistance proposed to be carried out in parallel to the MFF.
6. As modelling and decision support tools will be essential for effective
planning and management of the Citarum River Basin into the future,
these should be developed as a matter of urgency, again as part of the
institutional strengthening technical assistance proposed to be carried
out in parallel to the MFF. The principles and recommendations made
in Chapter 14 of this report should be adopted.
7. The appropriate organisation for implementing the “State-of-the-Basin”
reporting system and managing and operating the modelling and
decision support tools should be identified and these responsibilities
assigned to a specific group within that organisation. If necessary,
suitably qualified and experienced staff should be recruited for this
purpose. Ideally, this group will have close links with the Citarum Water
Resources Council.
Annex 1 Reports Prepared by the

PPTA Phase 3 Team
Report Name Author(s) Date
Phase 3 Consultant Reports
Poverty, Water Supply and Sanitation, and Health Roger Jackson 20/9/2006
Report on Bandung Water Supply, Ground water and Rural Roger Jackson 13/8/2006
Water Supply and Sanitation for Riparian Communities
Institutional Issues in Moving Toward ICWRMP in Citarum Jeremy Bird 31/10/2006
River Basin
Concept Note: Institutional Support for Integrated Water Jeremy Bird 5/12/2006
Resources Management in the 6 Ci’s Basin
Main Report on Data and Modelling Teun op ten Noort 15/11/2006
• Annex I – Outline for a DST Set Up to Support IWRM in
the Citarum Basin
• Annex II – SWS Citarum Pollution Control Action Plan
and TOR
• Annex III- Outline for a Data Catalogue Set up for IWRM
in the Citarum Basin
WQ Management - Institutional Assessment Ramon Abracosa 31/8/2006
CRB Pollution Load Assessment Ramon Abracosa
Report on West Tarum Canal Rieks Toxopeus 25/9/2006
Review of Hydraulics and Related Issues (West Tarum John Ackers
Canal)
Documents Prepared for ADB
Procurement Capacity Assessment Report and Chong Chi Nai 8/12/2006
Recommendations
Procurement Plan Chong Chi Nai 8/12/2006
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Ramon Abracosa 1/12/2006
Summary Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Ramon Abracosa, 7/12/2006
Nasimul Islam
Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) of Tranche 1 Ramon Abracosa, 7/12/2006
Nasimul Islam
Environmental Assessment and Review Framework Ramon Abracosa, 7/12/2006
(EARF) Nasimul Islam
Draft Summary Poverty Reduction And Social Strategy Romeo Cleto 31/10/2006
Compensation Policy Framework Procedural Guidelines Marla Huddleston, 8/12/2006
Romeo Cleto
Draft Periodic Financing Request Christophe Gautrot 15/12/2006
Draft Financial Framework Agreement Christophe Gautrot 15/12/2006
Draft Project Report Geoff Wright, 15/12/2006
Chris Morris
Documents Prepared for GEF
Project Identification Form (PIF) for Citarum River Basin Darrell Kitchener 8/12/2006
(Integrated) Land and Biodiversity Conservation Project
Project Development & Preparation (PDFB) for Citarum Darrell Kitchener 8/12/2006
River Basin (Integrated) Land and Biodiversity
Conservation Project
Annex 2 Roadmap for IWRM in

the Citarum River Basin
ROADMAP FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
IN THE CITARUM RIVER BASIN
FOREWORD
The process for the development of a roadmap for the Citarum River This has been achieved using the following “vision-oriented” approach:
Basin has followed the basic methodology of strategic planning. Reaffirm and more clearly define a shared vision of stakeholders for
Fundamentally, the approach has been to ask the following three the future of the Citarum River Basin (to the year 2020);
questions:
Compare the present status of water resources in the basin to the
Where do we want to go (with water resource management in the vision, in order to identify the strategic direction that needs to be
basin)? taken (the “road” so to speak);
Where are we now (that is, what are the existing issues/problems)? Formulate objectives in a number of key areas that would, if
achieved, lead to the fulfilment of the vision;
How can we get from where we are now to where we want to go (the
“road” we need to take)? Develop a set of interventions (projects) the successful implement-
ation of which would achieve the objectives in each key area.
Much has been written about the current issues for water resource
The roadmap is seen as belonging to the Government of Indonesia, and
management in the basin, and the key issues are well documented in a
not to the Asian Development Bank or any other donor, even though
variety of documents produced in the last decade. The problems are
ADB is committed to assisting the government to implement the
numerous and cover a variety of areas, including severe deterioration of
roadmap interventions through a major loan and associated technical
water quality, deforestation and degradation of upland catchments,
assistance. As such, the roadmap is an important tool in the dialogue
mining of groundwater and degradation of water control infrastructure.
between GOI and donors that will allow donor assistance to be targeted
These problems have severe economic and social cost consequences to
at the critical issues, and to minimise overlaps and gaps.
the people of the basin.
Close to 70 interventions have been identified as necessary for the
The roadmap itself is simply a set of strategies (and projects/actions to
achievement of the objectives (and hence the vision) for the Citarum
implement those strategies) that define the path between the present
River Basin. These have come from a variety of sources. The costs that
situation with respect to water resources in the basin and the desired
have been assumed for each these come from those sources (factored
outcomes (or vision) for the future – that is, what needs to be done to
into 2006 dollar terms) and can only be considered as indicative, and of
achieve the objectives.
course must be firmed up during project preparation.
VISION FOR THE YEAR 2021
“The government and communities working together
for clean, healthy and productive catchments and rivers,
bringing sustainable benefits to all people of the Citarum River Basin.”
2
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
A strategic framework was developed in consultation with a broad range of basin stakeholders to ensure that an integrated approach to the
formulation of the roadmap would be ensured. This is represented in the “house” diagram (below), where the vision for the basin is supported by
activities in a number of key areas, five of which are seen to be “pillars”, with a foundation of two cross-cutting key areas – the “foundation”.
3
Key Areas – Definitions and Objectives
KEY AREAS
KEY AREA DEFINITION OBJECTIVES

Institutions and Planning In the definition of this key area, the term “institutions” is used in its broadest • To have effective organisational frameworks, clearly defined
for IWRM sense, that is, dealing with organisations, as well as legislation, policies and responsibilities and working partnerships with other stakeholders in
other protocols that define the relations among those organisations. place for the Citarum River Basin, encompassing both ‘in-stream’ and
Planning for IWRM (and in particular in this context, river basin planning) is ‘off-stream’ aspects.
seen as a mechanism for promulgating and implementing policies of
government, and as such is included in this key area. Accordingly, the • To have an effective coordination mechanism for water resources
following activities are included: management in the basin.
Organisation restructuring; To have a harmonious and comprehensive legal framework for

effective water resources management in the basin.
Organisational capacity building;
Policy development; To have transparent, effective and holistic water resources planning
mechanisms linked to spatial planning, and inclusive of stakeholder
Implementing the legislative framework;
needs and aspirations
Planning for IWRM;
To have effective regulatory (licensing) mechanisms in place and
Regulation (such as licensing of water utilisation and wastewater operating for surface and groundwater utilisation and wastewater
discharge); discharge (including tariffs).
Setting of water tariffs;
Agencies concerned with water management to have appropriate
Institutions for participatory irrigation management (PIM). technology for effective and sustainable water resource
management.
Decision makers, technical experts and other key stakeholders to

have the capacity to effectively carry out their responsibilities with
regard to water resources planning and management, including
procedures for EIA and review (EARP) of projects.
Water Resource This key area includes those activities that are related to exploiting water To have new or improved sources of water for domestic, irrigation,
Development and resources – that is, increasing water availability to authorised users, and industry, hydropower, aquaculture, leisure and other uses developed,
Management operating and maintaining the infrastructure developed in the process. The consistent with water availability and sustainability.
main activities included are:
For all people in the basin to have access to adequate water supply
Project planning, including “master planning” (that is, planning that and sanitation.
focuses on development of infrastructure, and distinct from broader
basin planning); To have all water supply infrastructure capable of operating at design
capacity.
Construction of infrastructure for storing and delivering water (including
reservoirs, canals and pipeline systems);
Operation and maintenance of infrastructure; To have sustainable asset management practices in place for all
water-related infrastructure in the basin.
Promoting efficient and effective utilization of water;
Drilling of wells for use of groundwater.
4

Water Sharing This key area is often overlooked, particularly where water resources are To have an equitable water sharing arrangement among the upper
plentiful relative to demand. It covers the process of establishing and and the lower basin and transboundary water resources (water
protecting water rights and allocating water among competing uses and supply to Jakarta).
users, as well as setting priorities for water entitlement during times of
shortage. Such allocations may be among sectors (irrigation, urban water To have clearly defined water utilization rights for all authorised water
supply and hydropower, for example), or geographically (upstream/ users.
downstream and inter-basin transfers). It does not include water use
registration and licensing, which is a regulatory mechanism to assist in To have all conflicts over utilisation of the water resources of the
managing water rights and allocations, and thus comes under the key area basin resolved quickly and satisfactorily.
for Institutions and Planning for IWRM.
Environmental Protection In this key area are included activities for the protection of the environment To have comprehensive land use plans in place, and adhered to, in
(that has an impact on water management), such as rivers, lakes, wetlands, order to minimise the impacts of human activities on the environment.
forests and other natural ecosystems, and rehabilitation (enhancement) of
already degraded environments (aquatic and terrestrial). To have forest protection measures in place and have no further
Out of all the key areas, this one probably is the most difficult to define reduction in the existing forest area.
clearly, as environmental protection and enhancement normally must be
achieved by a combination of structural and non-structural measures that
To have priority catchments improved through reforestation and
adoption of appropriate land use and agricultural practices to
may include infrastructure (for instance, wastewater treatment plants),
minimize erosion.
improved institutional (regulatory) arrangements, community participation,
and so on. To maintain and, where possible, enhance biodiversity, without
Enhancement of environment management capacity in the organisations further degradation.
charged with this responsibility is included under the institutional key area.
Water quality and environmental monitoring and research activities are To have minimal pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural
included in “Data, Information and Decision Support”. sources entering the waterways of the basin.
Provisions for mitigating the potential adverse effects of water development
projects (for example, the impacts of dredging) are built into the projects
To provide adequate water share for ecological maintenance
(environmental flows), for example, minimum dry season flow to
themselves.
prevent salinity intrusion, sedimentation and pollutant accumulation
Legislation and other regulatory processes aimed at minimising adverse near coastal areas, and protect river and coastal fisheries.
impacts are included in an environment assessment and review procedure,
and therefore come under “institutions”.
Disaster Management In this context, “disaster” includes only those disasters related to water, such To have effective disaster preparedness plans in place for floods and
as floods and mud flows. Activities related to disaster management under mud flow events.
this definition include:
Planning and construction of structural measures to control flood and To have appropriate works in place to minimise the physical impacts
of floods and mud flow events.
mud flows, such as levees (dikes), flood control reservoirs and so on;
and To have effective drought management plans in place where
Development and implementation of disaster preparedness plans. available water falls seasonally below design expectations.
Development and implementation of drought management plans
5

Community Involvement of the community in planning and implementation, monitoring To have a high level of awareness of local communities about
Empowerment and evaluation of IWRM activities is essential. It may be considered as a conservation, utilisation and protection of natural resources (including
“foundation” key area, as it supports the five “pillar” key areas described their rights and responsibilities) in the basin.
above. There is a strong feeling among stakeholders that empowerment of
the community to participate should be an important theme of ICWRMP. In Local communities to have the opportunity and forum to participate
this context, community empowerment includes: meaningfully in the planning and management of the water resources
of the basin.
Education and awareness raising (capacity building) of communities
and individuals on water management issues;
To have the enabling conditions (institutional, financial and capacity)
Activities aimed at providing information to all that need it on water in place for local community involvement in provision of local water
resource management and related activities; supply and sanitation services, watershed management and waste
Implementing measures to facilitate participation of the community in management
water planning and management; and
Developing community-based “self-help” programs and specific projects
to provide local improvement in water supply, the environment, water
quality and so on.
Data and Information This key area is another “foundation” key area, as data is fundamental to all To have a comprehensive database on land and water resources in
aspects of decision-making in water resource planning and management as place and in a form that is accessible to all that need it to facilitate
such it includes: sustainable management of the basin’s water resources.
Data collection, including: surface and groundwater quantity and To use community participatory methods where ever applicable for
quality; other natural resources data, such as soils, geology, land cover, data collection and verification.
ecosystems and so on; and socio-economic data, such as population,
poverty, land use, and so on; To have effective arrangements in place for “custodianship” of the
different water and catchment related datasets.
Data archiving and management, including collation of data from
various sources, validation, computerization, and so on; To have effective data sharing arrangements in place among
Data sharing and dissemination among government agencies, research agencies within the basin and with central agencies.
establishments and so on, and providing public access to data.
To have suitable models and decision support tools developed and
Research to increase knowledge in such fields as catchment operational to assist rational decision making about water resource
processes, demography, and so on, as well as the development of new management.
technologies for water conservation and environmental protection.
Development and implementation of decision support tools, including
To have research programs in place to fill gaps in knowledge about
water-related processes and scenarios.
GIS systems, hydrologic and hydraulic models, and other analytical
tools.
6
Key Areas – Intervention Outlines
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS
COST
KEY AREA Intervention MAIN OUTPUTS / ACTIVITIES SOURCE
($ million)
Institutions and 1.1 Institutional strengthening for • Assistance in establishing apex management body for the basin (Citarum Basin 1.8 PPTA Phase 3
Planning for integrated water resources Water Resources Council) and support unit(s), for improved coordination and
IWRM management policy development.
• Ongoing support and capacity building for the Council and support unit(s).
1.2 Policy development for • Review of current water pricing policies and development of new pricing 0.8 PPTA Phase 3
appropriate water pricing, structures that better reflect cost of delivery and provide incentives for rational
water allocation and balanced water use.
stakeholder participation • Review of current policy instruments for water allocations among water uses
(across sectors and upstream/downstream).
• Review of current policies on stakeholder (and particularly, community)
participation in planning and management of water resources and development
of new policies and mechanisms for a more balanced approach (for all
stakeholders, such as government agencies, NGOs and the community at
large).
1.3 Development of an enhanced • Review of existing plans for water resources development and management in 0.9 PPTA Phase 3
Citarum River Basin Plan for the Citarum River Basin.
IWRM • In collaboration with stakeholders, development of a strategic river basin plan
that will facilitate improved and more integrated water resource management.
• Development and implementation of a mechanism for monitoring the
implementation of the river basin plan by line agencies with that responsibility,
and reporting progress to government to take corrective action if required.
1.4 Improvements to organisational • Setting up of a programmatic AMDAL approach for the basin; training and 0.5 PPTA Phase 3
capacity for environmental guides for project planners and stakeholders in project impact assessment,
assessment review and monitoring following the EARP.
• Capacity building for managers and technical staff responsible for implementing
the AMDAL approach.
Estimated Total Cost 4.0 million USD
7
COST
($ million)
Water Resource 2.1 Upgrading of Water Source for • Construction of a dam and reservoir on the Cibeber River. 60.0 PPTA Phase 1
Development Irrigation (Upper Cipunegara) • Rehabilitation of the existing irrigation water distribution system. Sub-Project #9
and
• Construction of a diversion weir on the Cipunegara River and a diversion tunnel
Management
to convey water to a point upstream of the reservoir to increase inflows to
enable the irrigated area to be increased.
• Possible small-scale hydropower development as part of the water diversion
system.
• Strengthening of institutions for Participatory Irrigation Management among
farmers.
• Development of plans for improved management of the watershed upstream of
the reservoir.
2.2 Upgrading of Water Source for • Construction of the Cipancuh Dam and auxiliary structures, including addition of 65.7 PPTA Phase 1
Irrigation (Cipancuh) moveable steel gates to the top of the spillway crest, and raising of dam wall to Sub-Project #10
increase flood freeboard.
farmers.
the reservoir.
2.3 Upgrading of Water Source for • Construction of the Telagaherang Dam and auxiliary structures. 56.4 PPTA Phase 1
Irrigation (Ciherang) • Rehabilitation of the existing irrigation water distribution system. Sub-Project #11
farmers.
the reservoir.
2.4 Cisankuy Irrigation • Improved (more efficient) operation of Cisankuy Reservoir. 65.5 Master Plan
Improvement • Improved cropping patterns in the Cisankuy area, to save water. 1997
2.5 Raising of Cirata Dam • Undertake feasibility study. 20.1 Master Plan
• Do detailed engineering design. 1997
• Construct dam and associated works.
8
COST
($ million)
2.6 Investigation of bulk water • Establishment of a stakeholder-driven selection process of options to improve 1.2 PPTA Phase 3
supply options for Bandung the availability of bulk water supplies to Bandung to meet the DMI demand to
urban area 2025.
• Execution of rapid surveys and pre-feasibility studies (review and update any
previous feasibility studies) in order to arrive at a short-list of the most viable
potential options.
• Preparation of detailed feasibility studies (including costing, environmental
impact assessment, and resettlement action plans, etc) leading to the
preparation of SPARs (subproject appraisal reports).
2.7 Implementation of preferred • Detailed engineering design on selected option(s). 0 PPTA Phase 3
bulk water supply alternatives • Preparation of tender documents; contract awards. (Costs assumed
for Bandung urban area to be accounted
• Construction and commissioning.
for in schemes
proposed below)
2.8 Upgrading of water source for • Construction of Cibutarua Weir 190.0 PPTA Phase 1
Bandung and other uses by • Construction of Santosa Reservoir on the Cilaki River. Sub-Project #11
inter-basin transfer
• Construction of a 4.5 km diversion tunnel.
• Construction of a reservoir upstream of Tamiang Cangkir Weir, needed to
compensate irrigation downstream of Cibutarua Weir
• Development of an inter-district agreement regarding cost allocation and
ongoing financial arrangements for diverted water.
2.9 Development of the surface • Review of previous investigations into construction of five reservoirs in the upper 34.7 Master Plan
water of the upper catchment catchment of the Cikapundung River to enhance surface water availability for 1997
of the Cikapundung River Bandung and surrounding area..
• Undertake feasibility study of preferred option.
• Do detailed engineering design.
• Construct dams and associated works.
2.10 Construction of Sukawana • Review of previous investigations into construction of Sukawana Reservior on 7.2 Master Plan
Reservior on the Cimahi River the Cimahi River. 1997
• Undertake feasibility study.
• Do detailed engineering design.
• Construct dam and associated works.
9
COST
($ million)
2.11 Investigation of bulk water • Establishment of a stakeholder-driven selection process of options to improve 1.0 PPTA Phase 3
supply options for Bekasi and the availability of bulk water supplies to Bekasi and Karawang to meet the DMI
Karawang demand to 2025.
• Execution of rapid surveys and pre-feasibility studies (review and update any
previous feasibility studies) in order to arrive at a short-list of the most viable
potential options.
• Preparation of detailed feasibility studies (including costing, environmental
impact assessment, and resettlement action plans, etc) leading to the
preparation of SPARs (subproject appraisal reports).
2.12 Implementation of preferred • Detailed engineering design on selected option(s). 50.0 PPTA Phase 3
bulk water supply alternatives • Preparation of tender documents; contract awards.
for Bekasi and Karawang
2.13 Development of an action plan • Review and document available information on groundwater situation in the 0.6 Master Plan
for sustainable groundwater Citarum River Basin, including availability and current use. 1997 (modified
management in the Citarum • Review previous studies on groundwater management options. by PPTA Phase
River Basin 3)
• In conjunction with the bulk water supply options study, prepare an action plan
for effective and sustainable groundwater management.
• Review existing regulatory instruments for groundwater management and
recommend improvements, including mechanisms for compliance management
(enforcement).
2.14 Implementation of the action [Depends on outcomes of the action plan development study – costs indicative only] 5.0 PPTA Phase 3
plan for sustainable ground-
water management in the
Citarum River Basin
2.15 Improved implementation of • Review of existing regulatory framework for groundwater management in the 0.6 PPTA Phase 3
regulations for sustainable Bandung area.
groundwater management in • Evaluation of existing implementation of regulation and identification of
Bandung deficiencies.
• Development of strategies and an action plan for improved effectiveness of
regulation of groundwater use, including recommendations for changes to the
existing regulatory framework.
• Development of a monitoring and evaluation mechanism.
• Capacity building of agencies involved in groundwater management.
2.16 Improvement of Raw Water • Provision of new intake and conveyance facilities for reticulation of water supply. 32.8 PPTA Phase 1
Supply for Bandung • Review of current water pricing policies and development of new pricing Sub-Project #18
structures that better reflect cost of delivery and provide incentives for rational
water use in the Bandung area.
10
COST
($ million)
2.17 Rehabilitation of the West • Detailed engineering design. 41.4 PPTA Phase 1
Tarum Canal for improved • Removal and disposal of sediments from the canal bed, strengthening of Sub-Project #13
water resource utilization embankments. (revised during
Phase 3)
• Separation of Cikarang and Bekasi river flows from the main canal through
construction of by-passes (inverted siphons).
• Capacity building of PJT II for improved management and operation of WTC.
• Implementation of stakeholder-driven selection process of water supply and
sanitation options for riparian communities along West Tarum Canal.
2.18 West Tarum “Canal 2” Project • Review of previous investigations into options for piping water from Jatiluhur 860.0 Master Plan
Reservoir to Jakarta. 1997
• Feasibility study of preferred option.
• Detailed engineering design.
• Construction.
2.19 Irrigation Modernisation – West • Rehabilitation of canal network (secondary and tertiary canals) and water control 50.9 PPTA Phase 1
Tarum Canal structures. Sub-Project #4
• Installation of off-take measurement apparatus.
farmers.
2.20 System Service Improvement • Rehabilitation of the East Tarum Canal, including removal and disposal of 126.2 PPTA Phase 1
and Irrigation Modernisation – sediments, and repair and strengthening of embankments. Sub-Projects #2
East Tarum Canal • Rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary canals and water control structures. and #5
farmers.
2.21 System Service Improvement • Rehabilitation of the North Tarum Canal, including removal and disposal of 95.1 PPTA Phase 1
and Irrigation Modernisation – sediments, and repair and strengthening of embankments. Sub-Projects #3
North Tarum Canal • Rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary canals and water control structures. and #6
farmers.
11
COST
($ million)
2.22 Development of strategies and • Development and implementation of strategies and actions for water 0.5 PPTA Phase 3
options for demand conservation awareness raising among the community and industries.
management and water • Development and implementation of strategies and actions for industrial water
conservation with respect to recycling (including regulatory and technological measures), and assistance to
industrial and domestic use industries to install recycling technology.
• Development and implementation of strategies and actions for minimisation of
losses from water reticulation systems.
• Review of current water pricing policies and development of new pricing
structures that better reflect cost of delivery and provide incentives for rational
water use.
2.23 Development of improved • Development of an asset register and monitoring system for hydraulic 1.0 PPTA Phase 3
asset management and O&M infrastructure and a system for prioritization of maintenance activities.
procedures for hydraulic • Introduction of clear and accountable operating plans for the delivery of bulk
infrastructure water to irrigation and DMI users
2.24 Rajamandala Run-of-River • Review of previous investigations into options for power generation. 164.3 Master Plan
Power Plant (Citarum River • Feasibility study of preferred option. 1997
below Saguling Reservoir)
• Construction.
2.25 Curug Run-of-River Power • Review of previous investigations into options for power generation. 6.0 Master Plan
Plant • Feasibility study of preferred option. 1997
• Construction.
Water Sharing 3.1 Review of allocation priorities • Review of the effectiveness of existing water sharing arrangements (including 0.9 PPTA Phase 3
and optimization of operating water exported to Jakarta).
rules for key sub-basins, • Development of an updated policy for water sharing among water users in the
including the operation of the basin, as well as Jakarta, including an effective conflict/dispute resolution
river / reservoir system as a mechanism.
whole
• Determination of environmental flow requirements to maintain water quality, as
well as flushing flows for sediment and salinity reduction in lower reaches.
• Development of updated and appropriate operating rules for key sub-basins,
including the operation of the river / reservoir system as a whole.
• Review of allocation priorities and clear procedures for sharing water during
periods of drought .
12
COST
($ million)
Environmental 4.1 Development and • Select model conservation villagers using supplied criteria. 0 PPTA Phase 3
Protection implementation of conservation • Appoint initially 15 conservation village mentors.
action plans for model
• Mentors to be the conduit for the delivery of WSM educational material.
conservation villages in
Citarum River Basin • Mentor to receive orientation and programmatic training from a selected
LSM/NGO.
• Mentor to assist develop village conservation action plans.
• Mentor to assist develop village and community nurseries.
• Mentor to assist with reforestation of village lands and Perum Perhutani lands.
• Mentor to assist with implementation of other aspects of the conservation village
action plans (sanitation, household pollution etc).
• Mentor to assist with tenure arrangements with Perum Perhutani.
4.2 Watershed management • WSM education to the community delivered through the model conservation 0 PPTA Phase 3
community educational village network and pesantren.
program for CRB • Appoint an NGO/LSM to design WSM educational course and source materials.
• This NGO/LSM to orient a group of conservation village mentors and supply
them with programmatic training and educational material.
• Conservation village mentors supply WSM education material to villagers.
• The NGO/LSM supplies WSM material direct to pesantren.
• Model conservation village education program, spatial plans and action plans
tied to recognition of importance of existing PAs and other CRB conservation
domain.
13
COST
($ million)
4.3 Productive Reforestation (1): • Review all existing laws relating to protection of forests in upper catchment 30.0 PPTA Phase 1
Spatial planning for areas, particularly on steep slopes >42 degrees, and evaluate their legal Sub-Project #7
reforestation suitability to provide protection. (enhanced during
• Review existing mosaic of spatial plans in CRB, evaluate the extent to which Phase 3)
they are harmonious, and recommend a process for greater integration of these
plans at all levels.
• Establish a small group (GIS /remote sensing specialist, spatial planner and
landscape ecologist) in the CRB Council to work with and advise kecamatan,
kabupaten, BP DAS, Bappedalda and Bappeda to produce integrated functional
spatial plans.
• Map accurately Perhutani, degraded lands, road, river and DAS boundary
reserves and PAs.
• Map major spring catchment areas, this to require selected hydrological surveys
of important springs.
• Link these above areas for ecological functional integrity.
• Gain multi-stakeholder acceptance for reforestation spatial plan brokered by
CRB Council, as well as allowing for broad public scrutiny.
• Identify priority areas for rehabilitation by reforestation.
4.4 Productive Reforestation (2): • Review and report on the appropriate re-forestation methods in different 0 PPTA Phase 3
Implementation topographic profiles within the area planned for re-forestation to achieve
multiple-purposes. Namely, to: consolidate soil profiles, provide a structurally
and floristically rich vegetation to support biodiversity values and; most
importantly, provide sustainable crops to enhance livelihoods for villagers.
• Institutional strengthening for coordination among local governments and the
basin management organization for watershed management.
• Development of effective land use controls with incentives.
• Implementation of effective compliance management (enforcement).
• Establishment of a farm credit system.
• Training and community development.
4.5 Improvement to village land • Broker MOU contract conditions between villagers and Perum Perhutani that 0 PPTA Phase 3
tenure arrangements with provides long tenure (>30 years) but mandates planting mixed trees that will
Perum Perhutani prevent erosion but provide farmers with a standing crop.
• Advise villagers of the most appropriate reforestation techniques. Broker
prioritization for Forest villagers (desa hutan) to be given priority for such leases.
14
COST
($ million)
4.6 Alternative livelihoods for • Conduct a field survey of the upland villagers (38,000 families) displaced under 0 PPTA Phase 3
displaced upland forest the program “Larangan tumpang sari di kemiringan >42 degrees, 20 May 2003”,
villagers to ascertain suitable sustainable alternative livelihoods.
• Broker preferences for this group of villagers for Perum Perhutani lands and
facilitate preferred livelihoods on this leasehold land.
4.7 Protected area management in • Develop conservation management action plans for the selected protected 0 PPTA Phase 3
CRB areas through stakeholder forums focused on selected conservation targets
(objectives) as follows:
o undertake information ‘mining’;
o form stakeholder groups;
o develop action plans (targets, threats, practical solutions);
o prepare adaptive management plans.
• Conduct rapid biodiversity surveys of three taxonomic groups selected by the
action planning process.
• Conduct habitat mapping in each of these five groups of protected areas.
• Conduct village resource utilization survey of the villages adjoining these
protected areas.
• Establish village conservation groups specific to the selected protected areas
and involve these groups in collaborative management of these protected areas.
4.8 Alternative finance • Review Payment for Environmental Services (PES) practices in Indonesia. 0 PPTA Phase 3
mechanisms for sustainable • Develop an action plan for implementation of PES in the CRB and modify the
community watershed plan following stakeholder review.
management activities in CRB
• Review options for micro-credit facilities for villagers in CRB, including a Basin
‘Trust Fund’ or other rolling funds.
4.9 Riparian zone management to • Determine vegetation floristics and structure most effective in reducing stream 0 PPTA Phase 3
reduce sediment loads in rivers sedimentation.
• Determine width of zone required to minimize sediment loads.
• Identify critical river reaches that contribute high sediment loads to the river.
• Identify land use practices of local farmers that exacerbate riparian erosion and
sedimentation (for example, stock grazing on river banks).
• Develop action plans for improved riparian management in pilot (critical) river
reaches.
• Implement pilot vegetation plantings and improved land management practices
according to action plans developed.
• Review results of pilots.
• Implement improved management in other critical riparian zones across the
basin.
15
COST
($ million)
4.10 Integrated Erosion • Development and implementation of effective land use controls in steep slope 20.0 Part of PPTA
Management for Upper Bekasi areas and incentive systems for farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural Phase 1 Sub-
River, Upper Citarum River and practices. Project #14
Upper Cipunegara River • Erosion and landslide control works in critical areas, including construction of
hillside works (planting, terracing, grass coverage, drainage channels, retaining
walls, and so on).
4.11 Development and (initial) • Prepare strategic options for the River Quality Improvement Action Strategy 0 PPTA Phase 3
implementation of a River including technical, institutional, and legal aspects and focusing on both
Quality Improvement Action incentive and enforcement measures, and drawing lessons from existing
Strategy Plan for the basin programs.
• Raise awareness of the issues and possible solutions at political levels and
within industry and communities and generate commitment among Kabupatens
for implementation of the Strategy
• Based on the content of the agreed Action Plan, implement investment,
institutional strengthening and compliance components.
4.12 Development and (initial) • Data collection and mapping. 0 PPTA Phase 3
implementation of a Water • Institutional aspects, regulations, law enforcement.
Pollution Control Plan for the
• Improvements in the operation and efficiency of the existing WWTPs (factories
Bandung area
and hospitals).
• Community and awareness program for waste disposal.
• Construction of pilot community sanitation centers, simplified community
sewerage systems, and school sanitation systems.
• Capacity building.
• Development of water pollution control plan, and investment projects for
implementation under Tranche 2 and succeeding tranches.
4.13 Sewerage and wastewater • Detailed engineering design for the rehabilitation of existing sewerage and 325.0 Master Plan
treatment upstream of Saguling wastewater treatment facilities, and for the construction of new facilities. 1997
Reservoir • Preparation of tender documents; contract awards.
16
COST
($ million)
4.14 Development and (initial) • Data collection and mapping. 0 PPTA Phase 3
implementation of a Water • Institutional aspects, regulations, law enforcement.
Pollution Control Plan for the
• Improvements in the operation and efficiency of the existing WWTPs (factories
Bekasi and Karawang areas
and hospitals).
• Community and awareness program for waste disposal.
• Construction of pilot community sanitation centers, simplified community
sewerage systems, and school sanitation systems.
• Capacity building.
• Development of water pollution control plan, and investment projects for
possible implementation under later tranches.
4.15 Development and • Implementation of improved enforcement (compliance management) of existing 13.7 PPTA Phase 1
implementation of a solid waste laws and regulations regarding solid waste disposal, and strengthening of Sub-Project #17
management strategy and regulatory mechanisms as required.
action plans for the Bandung, • Public education on waste disposal issues.
Bekasi, Cikarang and
• Establishment of equitable and effective cost sharing mechanisms for collection
Karawang areas
and disposal of solid waste.
• Establishment of separated collection systems and improved recycling
processes for solid waste.
• Development of appropriate land-fill areas and practices for disposal of non-
recyclable waste.
• Establishment of monitoring and conservation systems for land-fill areas and
recycling stockpiles.
4.16 Introduction of System Rice • Participatory Rural Appraisal for 3 districts and 16 sub-districts 4.2 PPTA Phase 3
Intensification (SRI) practices • Training of Trainers for 800 farm leaders
in the upper and lower basin to
• Training for 20,000 farmers
conserve water and improve
productivity • Implementation of SRI in 80 demonstration plots
• Farmer empowerment – 660 sessions of training
• Production of organic fertilizer – distribution of 400 units
• Acquisition and distribution of 10,000 decomposer kits
• Acquisition and distribution of 50,000 kg of selected seeds
• Monitoring and reporting
17
COST
($ million)
4.17 Improvement in water quality in • Identify sources and extent of pollution in Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur 2.0 PPTA Phase 3
Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur Reservoirs.
Reservoirs through • Determine the economic impacts of pollution on other uses of water (such as
management of fish farming hydropower.
and other polluting activities
• Identify actions needed to reduce pollution.
• Identify possibilities for alternative livelihoods for fish farmers and others that
may be impacted by controls on fish farming and other polluting activities.
• Develop and implement an action plan for reducing pollution.
4.18 Integrated coastal zone • 0.6 PPTA Phase 3
management strategy and
action plan for Citarum
coastline
4.19 Implementation of ICZM Action [Depends on outcomes of the action plan development study] 20.0 PPTA Phase 3
Plan
Disaster 5.1 Integrated Management of • Review effectiveness of existing disaster management strategies and 40.0 PPTA Phase 1
Management Water-Related Disaster (basin- coordination arrangements and make recommendations for improvements, Sub-Project #8
wide) particularly in relation to introduction of basin water resources council. And
support units
• Development and implementation of effective land use controls in disaster prone
areas.
• Relocation of households in disaster prone areas.
• Development and implementation of effective controls on sand and gravel
extraction.
• Public awareness campaigns on disaster preparedness.
• Institution strengthening (capacity building) for agencies responsible for:
monitoring; emergency response; evacuation; rescues; and restoration.
• Establishment of a flood forecasting system.
• Develop contingency plans for industrial accidents affecting contamination of the
river system,
5.2 Cipunegara Sub-Basin Flood • Investigate flood management options for the Cipunegara Sub-Basin 10.0 PPTA Phase 3
Management • Develop recommendations for flood management and mitigation of flood
impacts
• Implement recommendations
18
COST
($ million)
5.3 Bekasi Sub-Basin Flood • Investigate flood management options for the Bekasi Sub-Basin 10.0 PPTA Phase 3
Management • Develop recommendations for flood management and mitigation of flood
impacts
• Implement recommendations
5.4 Disaster (mud flow and • Development and implementation of mud flow and landslide forecasting and 13.4 Part of PPTA
landslide) management for warning/evacuation measures. Phase 1 Sub-
Upper Bekasi River, Upper • Relocation of dwellings from disaster-prone areas. Project #14
Citarum River and Upper
• Enhancement of public awareness regarding disaster preparedness.
Cipunegara River
5.5 Strategic options for flood • Review past flood mitigation studies for the Bandung area, and assess current 0.3 PPTA Phase 3
mitigation in Bandung appropriateness.
• Develop new flood mitigation measures if necessary.
• Update recommendations regarding appropriate flood mitigation measures to be
implemented for Bandung.
5.6 Implementation of [Depends on outcomes of the strategic options study] 20.0 PPTA Phase 3
recommended options for flood
mitigation in Bandung
5.7 Review of dam safety for dams • Review current standards for dam safety in Indonesia, and make 1.2 PPTA Phase 3
in the basin recommendations on improvements, if necessary.
• Review current institutional arrangements for dam safety auditing, reporting and
follow up, and make recommendations on improvements, if necessary.
• Review all dams subject to dam safety requirements with regard to compliance
with safety standards and make appropriate recommendations for improvement.
Community 6.1 Development of an Information, • Identification of key stakeholders in the basin (target groups) and behaviours 1.5 PPTA Phase 3
Empowerment Awareness and Education with regard to activities impacting on water resource management.
Strategy (IEAS) for capacity • Identification of messages and knowledge that needs to be communicated to
building of communities across each target group.
the basin for improved
• Identification of an community participation strategy for different aspects of water
participation in water resources
resources planning and management and relevant and available communication
policy development, planning
channels.
and management
• Development of the IEAS and action plan based on a “social marketing”
approach, and to include school education as a key element.
19
COST
($ million)
6.2 Implementation of the [Depends on outcomes of the IEAS development study] 1.0 PPTA Phase 3
Information, Awareness and
Education Strategy
6.3 Support for community- and • Identification of potential NGOs who can facilitate community participation in all 10.5 PPTA Phase 3
NGO-driven initiatives for water project cycles.
supply and sanitation for rural • Socialization and awareness-raising, assessment of community needs.
and peri-urban communities
• Selection of communities based on socioeconomic and health criteria and other
indicators.
• Confirmation of community commitment and willingness to participate.
• Formation of community implementation teams.
• Community problem identification and analysis of technical options.
• Provision of skills training based on communities’ priorities, assets and needs to
generate income and employment opportunities
• Provision of access to capital and markets to directly implement skills acquired
• Formulation of community action plans and proposals.
• Disbursement of funds and construction of approved schemes.
• O&M of completed schemes, and socialization and training support on hygiene
behavioural change
• Facilitate the implementation of identified health, water and sanitation related
projects/programs.
6.4 Establishment of, and ongoing • Work with the Citarum Basin Water Resources Council or Citarum Balai Besar 0.3 PPTA Phase 3
support for a Stakeholder to determine the composition and mandate of the stakeholder forum.
Forum for Bandung Sub-Basin • Legally and practically establish the forum.
under Citarum Basin Water
• Provide ongoing support (financial and advisory) to the forum for up to two
Resources Council or Citarum
years.
Balai Besar
20
COST
($ million)
Data and 7.1 Improvements to water quality • Delineate water quality management areas (e.g., by sub-watersheds) based on 0 PPTA Phase 3
Information monitoring in rivers and predominant land use and nature of water quality concerns/threats; identify key
reservoirs water quality parameters for each area; incorporate into existing clean rivers
program (PROKASIH and SUPERKASIH).
• Develop a plan for water quality monitoring in each water quality management
area reflecting the priority parameters--i.e., instill monitoring as a management
activity--ensuring that water quality monitoring data are actually used to support
improvement programs ( e.g., regulatory enforcement, incentives, community
awareness/participation)
• Develop standardized protocols/guidelines for water and sediment sampling,
laboratory analysis, reporting and data banking (including as input to decision
support tools).
• Establish a water quality laboratory recognition/accreditation scheme (with a
reference laboratory to conduct audits and provide recognition); attract private
sector investments in laboratory services.
• Undertake capacity building (human resources and technology) for selected key
laboratories.
7.2 Improvements to groundwater • Provision of monitoring equipment, increasing the network of monitoring wells 3.0 PPTA Phase 3
monitoring network in the (60 additional wells are estimated to be needed).
Bandung area • Improvement to groundwater database(s) and computer models.
7.3 Improvements to water and • Review existing database arrangements in the various agencies that collect 0.5 PPTA Phase 3
natural resource data water and other natural resource data in the basin.
management and • Recommend improvements to data management, including: institutional
dissemination arrangements (introduction of the “custodianship” concept); data management
policy; and introduction of new technology.
• Recommend improvements to policies and processes for data sharing and
dissemination, including the establishment of a publicly accessible website
where data can be accessed.
7.4 Land degradation and • Provide necessary hardware and software, and training in their use to 0 PPTA Phase 3
biodiversity database for CRB technicians that will be responsible for developing and maintaining the
databases.
• Establish comprehensive Land Degradation and Biodiversity database files
(both in MoF) that are compatible with requirements of the CRB Council and
other natural resource managers.
• Develop suitable Internet based data access systems so that the information
can be readily accessed by the planners, researchers and conservation
managers for the Council.
21
COST
($ million)
7.5 Development of an on-line flow • Undertake hydrologic investigations to confirm operational and economic 1.6 Master Plan
forecasting system on benefits of flow forecasting. 1997
unregulated rivers • Determine key sites for forecasting.
• Examine technological options.
• Acquire and/or develop hardware and software.
• Install system and commission.
• Provide training to system operators to maximize benefits from the system.
7.6 Establishment of an annual • Review of “state of the basin” reporting procedures in other countries. 0.3 PPTA Phase 3
“state of the basin” report • Development and implementation of an appropriate process to produce and
disseminate a “state of the basin” report to identify problem areas,
cause/sources and needed remedies
7.7 Development of an integrated • Identify potentially useful modelling packages that might be used to develop an 0.6 PPTA Phase 3
water quality and quantity integrated river basin water quantity/quality model for the Citarum, and select
model for basin planning the most suitable (against agreed criteria).
studies, and a decision support • Assemble data, develop the model, then calibrate and verify.
tool for improved policy and
• Design and implement a decision support tool for use by relevant agencies for
decision making
policy and planning, that uses the water quantity/quality model as a key element
for analysing scenarios.
7.8 Institutional strengthening and • Identify key research institutions, including universities, government institutes 3.0 PPTA Phase 3
capacity building of water and so on, working in the field of water research, particularly for the Citarum
research organizations River Basin.
• Undertake a needs analysis for capacity building, both for human resources
development and technology, required to undertake effect water-related
research.
• With the selected organizations, identify critical knowledge gaps in the water
field in the Citarum River Basin.
• Prepare and implement appropriate training programs in selected organizations.
• Procure and install appropriate new technology.
7.9 Benchmarking of water and • Identify key water and natural resource data collection and management 0.6 PPTA Phase 3
natural resource data collection agencies that in some way contribute to databases in the basin.
and management agencies • Review best practices from agencies overseas for data collection, management
and dissemination.
• Benchmark identified agencies against best practices.
• Make appropriate recommendations for improvement of data collection,
management and dissemination practices.
22
Annex 3 Design and Monitoring

Framework – Total Investment
Program
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
INTEGRATED CITARUM WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
MULTI-TRANCHE FINANCING FACILITY (LOAN-FUNDED COMPONENTS ONLY)
PROPOSED DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
DESIGN SUMMARY PERFORMANCE DATA SOURCES ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS

IMPACT
By the year 2021, poverty, health and living • To achieve a measurable decrease in • Review of annual statistics on • Improvements in water resource
standards in the Citarum River Basin improved poverty levels in the basin’s communities by poverty as published by the management will directly lead to
the end of the project (2021) Bureau of Statistics increase in standard of living and
• To have GDP growth in the basin at least • Review of annual economic health in communities in the basin, and
maintained at 2007 levels without further statistics as published by the hence contribute significantly to the
degradation of environmental status to the Bureau of Statistics alleviation of poverty
year 2021. • Review of “state of the basin” • The government (at national, provincial
• By 2021 to have achieved significant report (to be prepared) and district levels) maintain a strong
improvements in water quality in the rivers commitment to implementing
and reservoirs of the basin, and specifically in integrated water resource
the Bandung sub-basin management in the basin
OUTCOME
Improved and integrated water resource • To have appropriate and effective institutional • Legislation and policy documents • Institutional arrangements to be put in
management in place, with government and the arrangements in place for integrated water released by GOI place under new legislation provides a
community working in partnership to achieve a resource management in the basin • Minutes of meetings of the robust framework for IWRM and
shared vision [Note that assistance to put those Citarum Basin Council and other clearly separates resource
arrangements in place will be provided key organisations in the management and development/
through an ADB grant to fund a technical management of the water operational responsibilities
assistance that will run in parallel with resource of the CRB • The government agencies at national,
Tranche 1]
• Progress and final reports of provincial and district level have the
• To have effective partnerships between individual projects funded under resolve to involve the community
government agencies at national, provincial the loan meaningfully in all stages of water
and district level in place to implement resource planning and management
• Survey of communities meant to
planned water and land management • The community is willing to participate
benefit from activities funded
activities to be funded under the MFF loan effectively in all stages of water
under the loan
• To have the community empowered and resource planning and management
• Published information on
capable to play a vital role in the • Agencies are truly willing to share
available databases related to
management of water and land resources information for the benefit of all valid
water, land and related resources
• To have water control infrastructure in place users
to manage the water resource in such a way
as to provide equitable access to good
quality water by all authorised water users
• To have comprehensive and accessible
databases in place to provide decision-
makers, water managers and technical
experts with the best information to
undertake their responsibilities for water
resource management
1
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
OUTPUTS
Tranche 1 (Q3 2007 – Q4 2011)
1.1 Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal • West Tarum Canal restored to its design • Project completion report(s) • Design capacity agreed to is adequate
capacity • Post-completion surveys of water for future water supply needs of
• Water quality improved through exclusion of quality parameters along the Jakarta and irrigation
inflows of polluted water from crossing canal • Agreement with informal settlers will
stream through construction of siphons • Measurement of canal flow rates be reached on resettlement and
• Water control structures restored to full • Post-completion survey of local
compensation arrangements
operational status communities
• Environmental impacts minimised, and in
particular through proper disposal of dredged
material
• Social disruption for those living along the
canal minimised, and in particular access to
water supply and sanitation maintained and
improved if necessary
Sub-Components: Cost: $42,900,000
• Detailed engineering design
• Tendering
• Construction of improvement works
• Associated activities
1.2 Water Supply Options and Improved • The stakeholder forum for Bandung Sub- • Records of forum meetings • Strong commitment from local
Groundwater Management for Basin formed and operating effectively stakeholders to establish the forum
• Feedback from stakeholders
Bandung according to its mandate (to be defined and to participate meaningfully
gained form workshops and other
during the project)
consultations • Willingness of local authorities to
• Broad stakeholder agreement achieved for
preferred option(s) for increasing surface • Ministry of Mines and Energy support the stakeholder forum and
records recognise its value in providing advice
water supplies for Bandung
• Improved groundwater monitoring network in • Post-project surveys • Broad acceptance of the need for
place better management of the limited
groundwater resources and willingness
• A high level of compliance with regulations to comply with regulations
for sustainable groundwater management in
Bandung achieved
• Development of options for increase in surface water supplies
• Improved implementation of regulations for sustainable groundwater management in Bandung
• Improvements to groundwater monitoring network
• Establishment of, and ongoing support for, a stakeholder forum for Bandung Sub-Basin
2
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
1.3 Roll-Out of System Rice • Increase in rice yield of greater than 60% • District Agriculture Services • The MOF at national, provincial and
Intensification [Phase 1 - Three • Reduction in need for irrigation water of 45%. records district level are fully committed to
Districts] • implementing this component. They
• Increase in income of rice farmers of at least Farmer surveys
will provide all the trained staff that will
90%. • Appraisal reports
undertake the training program for
• Increase in labour demand of at least 30% farmers.
• Farming communities willing to
participate this component are
identified early in this program.
• The SRI model that will be used has
been proven successful and
sustainable in other main paddy
growing areas in Indonesia.
• All the material required including
seed, organic digester and organic
manure are made available to the
participating farmers.
• Supply of organic manure is increased
at all project sites.
• Farmers are trained on integrated pest
management leading to a reduction in
the use of chemicals and pesticides.
• The project will monitor all aspects of
this program and identify key problems
and take immediate action to resolve
them immediately.
• Farmers organizations are trained to
continue this project activity after the
initial work carried out by the project
staff.
• Identification and appraisal of target areas
• Capacity building
• Progressive implementation of SRI
• Management, monitoring and reporting
3
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
1.4 Support for Community- and NGO- • Capacity of participating communities (and • Project progress and financial • Continued support by GOI for the
Driven Initiatives for Improved Water particularly the community implementation reports community-based approach
and Catchment Management teams) enhanced to a level that enables • Survey of participating • Continued support by people in local
effective development and implementation of communities communities
action plans
• Feedback from trainers • Appropriate financing mechanism can
• Action plans developed in participating
• Project completion reports be developed and agreed to by GOI
communities that will lead to improved water
• Continued support by people in local
and catchment management and can be
communities and contribution of labour
implemented locally
and other in-kind inputs
• Appropriate financing mechanism that will
• Funding is made available in a timely
enable participating communities to have
manner and is used wisely in
access to sufficient funds for implementation
accordance with the agreed action
of their action plans
plans
• Action plans implemented successfully within
• Sufficient numbers of local project
agreed time and budget
managers are available
• Project completed on time and on budget to
• Project management is effectively
the agreed standard of quality
undertaken
• Capacity building of local communities
• Assistance to develop village WSS plans
• Implementation of plans and ongoing support
• Programs aimed at behavioural change
4
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1.5 Development and Implementation of a • Key new policies and procedures for water • Project progress reports • Government agencies at all levels will
Basin River Quality Improvement quality management in place and being • Project completion report adopt the new policies and procedures
Strategy and Action Plans implemented effectively •
• GOI policy documents Agencies responsible for water quality
• Improved water quality monitoring system in monitoring and management will
• GOI publications related to water
place and being effectively operated and effectively operate and maintain the
quality records (several agencies)
maintained data systems
• Post-project survey of
• A water quality and pollution source database • Organisations have the desire to
organisations and the community
management system in place and being improve their capacity for water quality
effectively operated and maintained • Records (including minutes of management
meetings) held by the Water
• Appropriate (and well-calibrated and • Responsibilities for implementing the
Resources Council
validated) issue-specific water quality models RWQIS are clearly assigned
in place and being effectively operated and • Organisations with the mandate to
maintained (these should link with the basin- implement the RWQIS undertake their
wide water quantity/quality model – see responsibilities effectively and
Output 6.2) coordinate amongst each other
• An Internet-based WQM information system • Responsibilities for implementing the
to link the district environmental agencies action plans are clearly assigned, and
with other key agencies sufficient GOI funds are made
• Environmental agencies at all levels, available
universities and research organizations have • Organisations with the mandate to
the capacity to undertake water quality implement the action plans undertake
management activities within their mandate their responsibilities effectively and
• Community awareness and understanding of coordinate amongst each other
water quality issues, and how they can • Local project managers are made
contribute to improved water quality, is raised available to manage the various
• Multi-agency/stakeholder planning and activities of the project
coordination system for water quality • Project management is effectively
management in place under the Water undertaken
Resources Council
• Basin-wide River Quality Improvement
Strategy developed, promulgated and being
effectively implemented through action plans
• Water quality management action plans -
combining cooperation, regulatory and
incentive instruments – in place and being
implemented effectively
Sub-Components: Cost: $6.420,000
• Policies and procedures for water quality management
• Improvements to water quality monitoring and data management
• Strengthening of organizational capacity
• Preparation of basin-wide River Water Quality Improvement Strategy (RWQIS)
• Preparation and implementation of area-based pollution sources management action plans
5
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
1.6 Program Management • Executing agencies and other relevant • Minutes of meetings and • GOI continues to support the
stakeholders well informed about program workshops with executing execution of the projects and facilitates
progress agencies and other relevant stakeholder support for their
• Executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders preparation
stakeholders participating effectively in • Program status reports • There is a willingness by those
setting the direction of the program and its • Minutes of periodical coordination involved in each of the component
projects workshops projects under this tranche to
• Projects well coordinated, with opportunities cooperate and share information
• Final reports of studies
for information exchange maximised, and • Stakeholders provide sufficient
• Reports produced
conflicts among projects minimised information to identify priority
• Documentation submitted for knowledge gaps
• Priority information needs identified, and
approval of Tranche 2
minor studies undertaken on time and within • Local organisations can be found to
budget that redress those needs • Surveys of NGO representatives undertake the studies effectively
• All monitoring and reporting undertaken in • Reports describing activities of • NGOs are willing to be trained and
accordance with agreed procedures NGOs with respect to the project participate
• Procedures for preparation of PFR for • Monitoring and reporting procedures
Tranche 2 followed and documentation are agreed in advance and adhered to
prepared in accordance with ADB standards • Consultants, local counterparts and
GOI officials work together effective to
prepare the documentation
• ADB and GOI requirements are made
clear and do not change
• Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders
• Identify the need for and coordinate implementation of minor studies (up to $400,000 total) to improve knowledge of water issues
in CRB
• Capacity building for NGOs involved in the component projects of Tranche 1
6
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Tranche 2 (Q1 2010 – Q4 2015)
2.1 Upgrading of water source for • All civil and associated works completed on • Project completion report • This project is the recommended
Bandung and other uses by inter- time and budget, to agreed quality standards • Inter-district agreement option for surface water supply
basin transfer • All systems commissioned and meeting augmentation in the Bandung Water
agreed service standards Supply Options Study (Tranche 1)
• Inter-district agreement regarding cost • The “donor” district is agreeable to the
allocation and ongoing financial inter-basin transfer at a fair and
arrangements for diverted water negotiated reasonable cost
and finalized • All necessary social and environmental
• All necessary social and environmental safeguards are identified and
safeguards are put in place implemented
• A high level of technical design is
achieved for the project
• Qualified and skilled contractors are
selected for the civil and associated
works, and undertake the construction
to agreed quality standards
• Effective construction supervision is
carried out
• Construction of Cibutarua Weir
• Construction of Santosa Reservoir on the Cilaki River
• Construction of a 4.5 km diversion tunnel
• Construction of a reservoir upstream of Tamiang Cangkir Weir, needed to compensate irrigation downstream of Cibutarua Weir
• Development of an inter-district agreement regarding cost allocation and ongoing financial arrangements for diverted water
7
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2.2 System Service Improvement and • All civil and associated works completed on • Project completion report(s) • All necessary social and environmental
Irrigation Modernization – East Tarum time and budget, to agreed quality standards • Post-completion surveys of water safeguards are identified and
Canal • East Tarum Canal restored to its design quality parameters along the implemented
capacity canal • A high level of technical design is
• Water control structures restored to full • Measurement of canal flow rates achieved for the project
operational status • Post-completion survey of local • Qualified and skilled contractors are
• Environmental impacts minimised, and in communities selected for the civil and associated
particular through proper disposal of dredged works, and undertake the construction
material to agreed quality standards
• Social disruption for those living along the • Effective construction supervision is
canal minimised, and in particular access to carried out
• Rehabilitation of the East Tarum Canal, including removal and disposal of sediments, and repair and strengthening of
embankments
• Rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary canals and water control structures
• Installation of off-take measurement apparatus
• Strengthening of institutions for Participatory Irrigation Management among farmers
2.3 Development of strategies and • Water conservation awareness among • Post-project surveys • Communities are receptive to
options for demand management and community and industries in the CRB (and • Measurement of water losses in behavioural change
water conservation with respect to particularly in the Bandung and Bekasi areas) reticulation systems • GOI is willing to make rational
industrial and domestic use raised
• Documentation on water pricing decisions on water pricing and
• Community behaviour towards water use and policies implement them
hygiene changed
• Losses from water reticulation systems
substantially reduced
• New pricing structures that better reflect cost
of delivery and provide incentives for rational
water use developed and implemented
Sub-Components: Cost: $500,000
• Development and implementation of strategies and actions for water conservation awareness raising and behavioural change
among the community and industries
• Development and implementation of strategies and actions for industrial water recycling (including regulatory and technological
measures), and assistance to industries to install recycling technology
• Development and implementation of strategies and actions for minimisation of losses from water reticulation systems
• Review of current water pricing policies and development of new pricing structures that better reflect cost of delivery and provide
incentives for rational water use
8
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2.4 Development and implementation of a • A system of surface water entitlements and • Approved policy documents on • GOI is willing to actively pursue the
water entitlements and licensing licensing (to manage compliance with water entitlements and licensing development and implementation of a
system for surface water users entitlements) appropriate to the Citarum • Post-implementation audits of system of surface water entitlements
situation developed and in place system operation in relevant and licensing
• Staff in the relevant agencies having the agencies • Relevant agencies are willing to
necessary technology and capable of • Records of licences, including actively manage compliance with
operating and maintaining the licensing non-compliance and actions licensing conditions, including
system taken. prosecution and sanctions as may be
• Licence compliance systems in place and necessary
operating effectively • Surface water users are generally
willing to cooperate and see the
benefits of the system, including more
equitable sharing of water amongst
users
• Examination of existing arrangements for managing surface water extractions across the basin
• Review water entitlement allocation and management mechanisms in other countries, both developed and developing
• Design a system of surface water entitlements and licensing (to manage compliance with entitlements) appropriate to the Citarum
situation
• Prepare an implementation plan for the surface water licensing system, including agency responsibilities, technology and human
resource requirements, and training program, and schedule of activities
• In accordance with the implementation plan developed previously, implement the licensing system within the relevant agencies,
including:
o Acquisition and installation of hardware and software
o Preparation of forms and other standard documentation
o Training of staff
o Awareness raising program for water users
o Implementation of licensing procedures
• Progressive “roll-out” of the system, starting with major users of bulk water
9
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2.5 Review of allocation priorities and • An approved GOI policy on allocation of • Government approved policy • Consensus can be obtained among
optimisation of operating rules for key water amongst users in the CRB in place, documents agencies representing different water
sub-basins, including the operation of including clear procedures for sharing water • Reservoir operation records user groups about water allocation
the river / reservoir system as a whole during periods of drought priorities
• Streamflow monitoring records
• An effective conflict/dispute resolution • GOI is prepared to change allocation
mechanism in place and operating priorities if necessary
• Environmental and flushing flows agreed to • Reservoir operators comply with new
and implemented in reservoir operating protocols
protocols
• Updated and appropriate operating rules for
key sub-basins developed and being followed
Sub-Components: Cost: $900,000
• Review of the effectiveness of existing water sharing arrangements (including water exported to Jakarta)
• Development of an updated policy for water sharing among water users in the basin, as well as Jakarta, including an effective
conflict/dispute resolution mechanism
• Determination of environmental flow requirements to maintain water quality, as well as flushing flows for sediment and salinity
reduction in lower reaches
• Development of updated and appropriate operating rules for key sub-basins, including the operation of the river / reservoir system
as a whole
• Review of allocation priorities and clear procedures for sharing water during periods of drought
2.6 Development and implementation of • IEAS and action plan completed • Project documentation • Communities are receptive to
an Information, Education and • Implementation of action plan • Post-project survey of the awareness raising activities
Awareness Strategy for capacity •
• Increase in community awareness of water community Media (newspapers, radio, TV) support
building of communities across the awareness-raising activities
basin for improved participation in resource management issues
• Education authorities agree to modify
water resources policy development,
planning and management curricula to include teaching of water
and environment related principles
• Identification of key stakeholders in the basin (target groups) and behaviours with regard to activities impacting on water resource
management
• Identification of messages and knowledge that needs to be communicated to each target group
• Identification of an community participation strategy for different aspects of water resources planning and management and
relevant and available communication channels
• Development of the IEAS and action plan based on a “social marketing” approach, and to include school education as a key
element
• Implementation of action plan
10
13/12/2006 1:20 PM
2.7 Program Management • Monitoring and reporting systems, including • Project reports and other • GOI continues to support the
financial systems, in place and operating documentation execution of the projects and facilitates
effectively • Audit reports stakeholder support
• All ADB and GOI monitoring and reporting • Minutes of coordination and • There is a willingness by those
requirements satisfied stakeholder meetings involved in each of the component
• Effective coordination among component projects under this tranche to
projects cooperate and share information
• Effective information exchange among • Monitoring and reporting procedures
component project teams are agreed in advance and adhered to
• Tranche 3 component projects prepared • Consultants, local counterparts and
effectively GOI officials work together effective to
Tranche 3 (Q3 2013 – Q4 2017)
3.1 System Service Improvement and • All civil and associated works completed on • Project completion report(s) • All necessary social and environmental
Irrigation Modernisation – North time and budget, to agreed quality standards • Post-completion surveys of water safeguards are identified and
Tarum Canal • North Tarum Canal restored to its design quality parameters along the implemented
capacity canal • A high level of technical design is
• Water control structures restored to full • Measurement of canal flow rates achieved for the project
operational status • Post-completion survey of local • Qualified and skilled contractors are
• Environmental impacts minimised, and in communities selected for the civil and associated
particular through proper disposal of dredged works, and undertake the construction
material to agreed quality standards
• Social disruption for those living along the • Effective construction supervision is
canal minimised, and in particular access to carried out
• Rehabilitation of the North Tarum Canal, including removal and disposal of sediments, and repair and strengthening of
embankments
• Rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary canals and water control structures
• Installation of off-take measurement apparatus
• Strengthening of institutions for Participatory Irrigation Management among farmers
11
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3.2 Improvement in water quality in • Action plan for reducing pollution developed • Project completion report • Support from PLN and PJT II
Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur and implemented • Site surveys • Affected fisherfolk and others are
Reservoirs through management of • Social safeguards (including alternative • Water quality measurements willing to accept resettlement and
fish farming and other polluting livelihoods for affected fisherfolk and others) alternative livelihoods
activities developed and put in place
• Identify sources and extent of pollution in Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur Reservoirs
• Determine the economic impacts of pollution on other uses of water (such as hydropower)
• Identify actions needed to reduce pollution
• Identify possibilities for alternative livelihoods for fish farmers and others that may be impacted by controls on fish farming and
other polluting activities
• Develop and implement an action plan for reducing pollution
3.3 Development and Implementation of • Strategy and action plan for ICZM developed • Project documents • Coastal communities support initiatives
Integrated Coastal Zone Management • Improvements made to policies and • Site surveys to improve coastal zone planning and
Strategy and Action Plan for Citarum legislation that will lead to a more integrated management
Coastline • Key agency records
approach to CZM
• Monitoring, data collection and databases for
CZM improved
• ICZM action plan implemented, including
development of spatial plans
• Identify key issues for resource management in the CRB coastal zone
• Review existing policies and legislation regarding management of natural and man-made resources in the coastal zone
• Recommend improvements to policies and legislation that will lead to a more integrated approach to CZM
• Review existing knowledge base for coastal zone resources and recommend improvements to monitoring and data collection,
using GIS
• Identify key sites where interventions are required to address local resource management issues
• Identify strategies required to achieve ICZM
• Develop an action plan to implement the agreed strategies, including spatial planning
• Implement the ICZM action plan
12
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• Tranche 4 component projects prepared • Consultants, local counterparts and
effectively GOI officials work together effective to
Tranche 4 (Q1 2018 – Q4 2021)
4.1 Raising of Cirata Dam • All civil and associated works completed on • Project completion report • All necessary social and environmental
time and budget, to agreed quality standards safeguards are identified and
• All systems commissioned and meeting implemented
agreed service standards • A high level of technical design is
• All necessary social and environmental achieved for the project
safeguards are put in place • Qualified and skilled contractors are
selected for the civil and associated
works, and undertake the construction
carried out
• Undertake feasibility study
• Do detailed engineering design
• Construct dam and associated works, and commission
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4.2 Development and Implementation of • Detailed feasibility studies (including costing, • Project progress reports and • All necessary social and environmental
Preferred Bulk Water Supply Options environmental impact assessment, and completion report safeguards are identified and
for Bekasi and Karawang resettlement action plans, etc) and • Site inspection reports implemented
preparation of SPARs completed • A high level of technical design is
• Detailed engineering design on selected achieved for the project
option(s) completed • Qualified and skilled contractors are
• Construction and commissioning of selected selected for the civil and associated
option(s) completed on time and on budget works, and undertake the construction
carried out
• Establishment of a stakeholder-driven selection process of options to improve the availability of bulk water supplies to Bekasi and
Karawang to meet the DMI demand to 2025
• Execution of rapid surveys and pre-feasibility studies (review and update any previous feasibility studies) in order to arrive at a
short-list of the most viable potential options
• Preparation of detailed feasibility studies (including costing, environmental impact assessment, and resettlement action plans, etc)
leading to the preparation of SPARs (subproject appraisal reports)
• Detailed engineering design on selected option(s)
• Preparation of tender documents; contract awards
• Construction and commissioning of selected option(s)
4.3 Cisankuy Irrigation Improvement • All civil and associated works completed on • Project progress reports and • All necessary social and environmental
time and budget, to agreed quality standards completion report safeguards are identified and
• All systems commissioned and meeting • Site inspection reports implemented
agreed service standards • A high level of technical design is
• All necessary social and environmental achieved for the project
safeguards are put in place • Qualified and skilled contractors are
• Improved cropping patterns in the Cisankuy selected for the civil and associated
area identified and implemented works, and undertake the construction
carried out
• Undertake feasibility study for Cisankuy Reservoir
• Construct and commission dam and associated works
• Develop improved cropping patterns in the Cisankuy area, to save water
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• High quality program completion report • Consultants, local counterparts and
submitted on time GOI officials work together effective to
• Coordination among component projects
• Monitoring and reporting of project performance, including financial
• Preparation and submission of program completion report
15
Annex 4 Indicative
Implementation Schedule – Total
Investment Program
INDICATIVE MULTITRANCHE FINANCING FACILITY PROGRAM (INCLUDING PARALLEL FINANCED PROJECTS)
PROJECT 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Tranche 1
Loan Financed
Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal
Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater Management for

Bandung
Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification [Phase 1 - Three Districts]
Support for Community- and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved

Water and Catchment Management
Development and Implementation of a Basin River Quality
Improvement Strategy and Action Plans
Program Management
Parallel Financed
Institutional Strengthening for IWRM
(ADB TA)
Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments [Phase 1]
(GEF)
Protected Area Management (Biodiversity) [Phase 1]
(GEF)
Project Preparation for Tranche 2
(ADB TA)
Tranche 2
Loan Financed
Upgrading of water source for Bandung and other uses by inter-basin
transfer
System Service Improvement – East Tarum Canal
Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification [Phase 2 - Additional Districts]
Development and implementation of a water entitlements and licensing

system for surface water users
Development and implementation of an IEAS for capacity building of
communities across the basin for improved participation in water
Program Management
Parallel Financed
Ongoing support for WRC and supporting office(s), and capacity
building for WRM agencies at provincial and district level
Policy development for appropriate water pricing, water allocation and
balanced stakeholder participation
Development of strategies and options for demand management and
water conservation with respect to industrial and domestic use
Review of allocation priorities and optimization of operating rules for
key sub-basins, including the operation of the river / reservoir system
Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments [Phase 2]
(GEF)
Protected Area Management (Biodiversity) [Phase 2]
(GEF)
(ADB TA)
PROJECT 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Tranche 3
Loan Financed
System Service Improvement – North Tarum Canal
Upgrading of Water Source for Irrigation (Upper Cipunegara)
Curug Run-of-River Power Plant
Improvement in water quality in Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur

Reservoirs through mgt of fish farming and other polluting activities
Development and Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management Strategy and Action Plan for Citarum Coastline
Program Management
Parallel Financed
Mini- and Micro- Hydropower Basin Study
Review and updating of River Basin Plan ("Pola")
Tranche 4
Loan Financed
Raising of Cirata Dam
Cisankuy Irrigation Improvement
Development and Implementation of Preferred Bulk Water Supply

Options for Bekasi and Karawang
Program Management
Parallel Financed
Investigation of water supply and sanitation options for urban areas
(apart from Bandung, Bekasi and Karawang)
Development of an on-line flow forecasting system on unregulated
rivers
TOTAL LOAN FINANCED
TOTAL PARALLEL FINANCED Procurement of consultants
CONTINGENCIES Project implementation
TOTAL PROGRAM
Annex 5 Design and Monitoring

Framework – Tranche 1
15/12/2006 10:03 AM
MULTITRANCHE FINANCING FACILITY – TRANCHE 1 (INCLUDING PARALLEL FINANCED PROJECTS)
DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK

IMPACT
Improved and more integrated water resource management in • To have appropriate and effective • Legislation and policy documents • Institutional arrangements to be
place, with government and the community working in institutional arrangements in place for released by GOI put in place under new
partnership towards a shared vision (to be fully achieved if all integrated water resource • Minutes of meetings of the Water legislation provides a robust
the “roadmap” interventions are completed successfully) management in the basin Resources Council and other key framework for IWRM and
[Note that assistance to put those organisations in the management clearly separates resource
arrangements in place will be provided of the water resource of the CRB management and development/
through an ADB grant to fund a operational responsibilities
• Progress and final reports of
technical assistance that will run in • The government agencies at
individual projects funded under the
parallel with Tranche 1] national, provincial and district
loan
• To have effective partnerships level have the resolve to involve
• Survey of communities meant to
between government agencies at the community meaningfully in
benefit from activities funded under
national, provincial and district level in all stages of water resource
the loan
place to implement planned water and planning and management
land management activities to be • Published information on available
• The community is willing to
funded under the MFF loan databases related to water, land
participate effectively in all
and related resources
• To have comprehensive and stages of water resource
accessible databases in place to planning and management
provide decision-makers, water • Agencies are truly willing to
managers and technical experts with share information for the benefit
the best information to undertake their of all valid users
responsibilities for water resource
management
OUTCOMES
1 Successfully implemented Tranche 1
2 Effective and robust institutional arrangements in • Water Resources Council and • GOI policy documents relating to • Proposals for new institutional
place, including a Water Resources Council (WRC) supporting office(s) established and the formation and operation of the arrangements follow best
and supporting office(s), for effective and integrated operational WRC practice principles and do not
water resource management • Clear separation of “resource • Minutes of meetings of WRC allow vested interests to
manager” and “operator” dominate
responsibilities implemented among • Adequate representation of
water resource agencies in the CRB non-government stakeholders is
implemented in the new
arrangements
1
15/12/2006 10:03 AM

3 Improved reliability of water supply and reduced • Groundwater extractions reduced to • Groundwater monitoring records • Local authorities have the
adverse environmental impacts caused by over- sustainable rates (no further from enhanced network of determination to effectively
exploitation of groundwater in the Bandung area drawdown at the end of the project) monitoring wells manage compliance with
groundwater extraction
regulations
• The majority of groundwater
users cooperate
4 Improved reliability of water supply to Jakarta and • Bulk water supplied to Jakarta at a • Flow records held by PJT II • Construction of WTC
irrigation areas supplied by West Tarum Canal rate of ??? m/s, ??% of the time rehabilitation works is carried
• Bulk water supplied to West Tarum out according to plans and
Canal Irrigation Area at a rate of ??? specifications
m/s, ??% of the time
5 Improved water use efficiency and increased yields • Water use for rice production in project • Production records held by • Continued support by GOI for
for rice irrigation in three districts in the Citarum River areas reduced by 45% Department of Agriculture adoption of SRI
Basin • Rice yields increased by 45% in • Continued support by farmers
project areas for adoption of SRI
• SRI roll-out is carried out
effectively
6 Significant increase in the number of community- and • The number of successful community- • Project final reports • GOI continues to support the
NGO-driven initiatives for improved water and and NGO-driven initiatives for • Post-project survey “bottom-up” approach to
catchment management in the Citarum River Basin improved water and catchment implementing initiatives for
management increased to ?? improved water and catchment
management
• Appropriate funding
mechanisms can be put in
place to allow loan funds to flow
to qualifying communities to
implement their action plans
• A sufficient number of
communities are willing to
participate
7 Improved water quality in the waterways and • Average values for key water quality • Water quality monitoring records • A good water quantity / quality
reservoirs of the Citarum River Basin parameters at nominated points in the routinely collected model for the basin can be
basin reduced to acceptable levels developed
(compared to Indonesian WQ • Actions that have the greatest
standards), or at least 50% of present impact in improving water
levels, if that cannot be achieved. quality can be identified
• The actions identified for
amelioration of degraded water
quality can be successfully
implemented
2
15/12/2006 10:03 AM

8 Processes for productive reforestation of degraded • Productive reforestation action plans • Project reports • Continued support by GOI for
catchments, led by local communities, are in place successfully developed and • Post-implementation survey of the community-based approach
and beginning to operate effectively implemented in 30 model villages model villages • Continued support by farmers
• Processes in place that can be and contribution of labour and
followed by other villages other in-kind inputs
9 Processes for improved management of protected • Protected land management action • Project reports • Continued support by GOI for
areas, led by local communities, are in place and plans successfully developed and • Post-implementation survey of the community-based approach
beginning to operate effectively implemented in 15 model villages model villages • Continued support by farmers
• Processes in place that can be and contribution of labour and
followed by other villages other in-kind inputs
10 Preparation for Tranche 2 successfully completed • All documents prepared to ADB • Documents prepared for • Consultants, local counterparts
requirements submission and GOI officials work together
effective to prepare the
documentation
• ADB requirements are made
OUTPUTS
Component Project 1: Program Management
1.1 Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant • Executing agencies and other relevant • Minutes of meetings and • GOI continues to support the
stakeholders stakeholders well informed about workshops with executing agencies execution of the projects and
program progress and other relevant stakeholders facilitates stakeholder support
• Executing agencies and other relevant for their preparation
stakeholders participating effectively in
setting the direction of the program
and its projects
1.2 Coordination among projects • Projects well coordinated, with • Program status reports • There is a willingness by those
opportunities for information exchange • Minutes of periodical coordination involved in each of the
maximised, and conflicts among workshops component projects under this
projects minimised tranche to cooperate and share
information
1.3 Identification of the need for and coordination of • Priority information needs identified, • Final reports of studies • Stakeholders provide sufficient
implementation of minor studies (up to $400,000 and minor studies undertaken on time information to identify priority
total) to improve knowledge of water issues in CRB and within budget that redress those knowledge gaps
needs • Local organisations can be
found to undertake the studies
effectively
1.4 Capacity building for NGOs involved in the • Capacity of involved NGOs developed • Surveys of NGO representatives • NGOs are willing to be trained
component projects of Tranche 1 to a level that enables effective • Reports describing activities of and participate
participation in the project NGOs with respect to the project
3
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1.5 Monitoring and reporting of project performance, • All monitoring and reporting • Reports produced • Monitoring and reporting
including financial management undertaken in accordance with agreed procedures are agreed in
procedures advance and adhered to
1.6 Coordination of preparation for Tranche 2 • Procedures for preparation of PFR for • Documentation submitted for • Consultants, local counterparts
Tranche 2 followed and approval of Tranche 2 and GOI officials work together
documentation prepared in effective to prepare the
accordance with ADB standards documentation
• ADB and GOI requirements are
made clear and do not change
Main Activities: Financed by MFF
• Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders Cost: $2,570,000
• Identification of the need for and coordination of implementation of minor studies (up to $400,000 total) to improve knowledge of water
issues in CRB
Component Project 2: Institutional Strengthening for IWRM
2.1 Capacity Building and Support • The Water Resources Council • Minutes of meeting of the Water • The Water Resources Council
(covering Citarum and eastern Resources Council has a strong and meaningful
Basins), river basin management • Inspections of river basin mandate (not just a “talkfest”)
office and support unit(s) all management office and support • The Council has a very “neutral”
established, staffed and operating unit(s) and interviews with role, without bias towards any
effectively management and staff sub-sector or geographical
location within its mandated
area
• GOI establishes an effective
technical and administrative
support mechanism for the
Council
2.2 Data and Modelling • An integrated river basin water • Project completion report and other • The model(s) will be properly
quantity/quality model for the Citarum technical reports operated and maintained, and
is developed and being used to • Inspections of river basin used to support decisions/
support decision making for integrated management office and support recommendations made by the
water resource management unit(s) and interviews with Council
management and staff
2.3 "State-of-the-Basin" Reporting • An annual "State-of-the-Basin" Report • Annual "State-of-the-Basin" • The "State-of-the-Basin" will
is produced and disseminated widely Reports address the key environmental
and water resource
management issues in the
basin and give an accurate
depiction of those issues
4
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2.4 Basin Planning - Development of Pola • An integrated water resource • Minutes of meeting of the Water • There is participation by a
management plan for the basin Resources Council broad range of stakeholders in
(”pola”) developed, led by the Water • Plan documents the development of the pola
Resources Council • Responsibilities for
• Responsibilities for implementation of implementing the pola are
the pola clearly assigned clearly assigned
• Organisations with the mandate
to implement the pola
undertake their responsibilities
effectively and coordinate
amongst each other
Main Activities: Financed by ADB TA
• Assistance in establishing the Water Resources Council (covering Citarum and eastern Basins), river basin management office and Cost: $2,400,000
support unit(s) for improved policy development and coordination
• Ongoing support and capacity building for the Council, river basin management office and support unit(s)
• Establish a land degradation and biodiversity database for CRB, consolidating existing data from various organisations
• Develop an Internet-based metadatabase (data inventory) for water, land and related data in the CRB
• Identify potentially useful modelling packages for an integrated river basin water quantity/quality model for the Citarum, and select the
most suitable
• Assemble data, develop the model, then calibrate and validate/verify
• Design and implement a decision support tool for use by relevant agencies for policy and planning
• Review of “state of the basin” reporting procedures in other countries
• Development of an appropriate process to produce and disseminate a “state of the basin” report to identify problem areas, cause/sources
and needed remedies
• Produce annual "state of the basin" reports
• Review of existing plans for water resources development and management in the Citarum River Basin
• Building on the roadmap and in collaboration with stakeholders, develoment of a strategic river basin plan (pola) that will facilitate
improved and more integrated water resource management
• Development and implementation of a mechanism for monitoring the implementation of the river basin plan by line agencies with that
responsibility, and reporting progress to government
Component Project 3: Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater Management for Bandung
3.1 Options for increase in surface water supplies • Broad stakeholder agreement • Project reports, including minutes • Consensus among the wide
achieved for preferred option(s) for of stakeholder workshops variety of stakeholder groups
increasing surface water supplies for can be achieved
Bandung
3.2 Feasibility studies and detailed engineering designs • Feasibility studies and detailed • Final feasibility studies and DED • Consultants undertake the
for preferred surface water supply option(s) engineering designs successfully reports and drawings feasibility studies and designs
completed, meeting required competently
standards
5
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3.3 Improved implementation of regulations for • A high level of compliance with • Groundwater extraction records • Local authorities have the
sustainable groundwater management in Bandung regulations for sustainable kept by provincial Department of determination to effectively
groundwater management in Bandung Environmental Hydrogeology manage compliance with
achieved groundwater extraction
regulations
• The majority of groundwater
users cooperate
3.4 Improvements to groundwater monitoring network • Improved groundwater monitoring • Project completion report(s) • Technical specifications for
network in place installation of wells and
recording equipment are
followed by local contractors
3.5 Establishment of, and ongoing support for, a • The stakeholder forum for Bandung • Minutes of forum meetings • There is strong support in the
stakeholder forum for Bandung Sub-Basin Sub-Basin formed and operating local Bandung area for the
effectively according to its mandate (to concept of a stakeholder forum
be defined during the project • The stakeholder forum concept
is supported by the local
authorities
3.6 Project Management • Project completed on time and on • Project completion report(s) • Consultants and local
budget to the agreed standard of counterparts undertake the
quality management of the project
competently
• Work with the Citarum Basin Water Resources Council to determine the composition and mandate of the stakeholder forum Cost: $4,800,000
• Legally and practically establish the forum
• Provide ongoing support (financial and advisory) to the forum for up to two years
• Establishment of a forum-led selection process for options to improve the availability of bulk water supplies to Bandung to meet the DMI
demand to 2025.
• Execution of rapid surveys and pre-feasibility studies (review and update any previous feasibility studies) in order to arrive at a short-list
of the most viable potential options.
• Preparation of detailed feasibility studies (including costing, environmental impact assessment, and resettlement action plans, etc)
leading to the preparation of SPARs (subproject appraisal reports).
• Review of existing regulatory framework for groundwater management in the Bandung area.
• Evaluation of existing implementation of regulation and identification of deficiencies.
• Development of strategies and an action plan for improved effectiveness of regulation of groundwater use, including recommendations for
changes to the existing regulatory framework.
• Development of a monitoring and evaluation mechanism.
• Capacity building of agencies involved in groundwater management
• Identification of optimal locations for monitoring wells
• Provision of monitoring equipment, increasing the network of monitoring wells (60 additional wells are estimated to be needed)
• Improvement to groundwater database(s) and computer models
6
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Component Project 4: Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal
4.1 Detailed engineering design • Detailed engineering design • Final DED report and drawings • Consultants undertake the
successfully completed, meeting design competently
required standards
4.2 Construction contractors selected by tendering • Fair and equitable selection process • Tendering process records • There is the intention of GOI to
and successful contractors selected make the selection process fair
on merit and equitable
4.3 Construction of improvement works • West Tarum Canal restored to its • Project completion report(s) • Construction of improvement
design capacity • Post-completion surveys of water works is carried out on time,
• Water quality improved through quality parameters along the canal within budget and to specified
exclusion of inflows of polluted water quality standards
• Measurement of canal flow rates
from crossing stream through
construction of siphons
• Water control structures restored to
full operational status
• Environmental impacts minimised, and
in particular through proper disposal of
dredged material
4.4 Associated activities • Social disruption for those living along • Post-completion survey of local • Social safeguards are adequate
the canal minimised, and in particular communities and appropriate to local
access to water supply and sanitation communities
maintained and improved if necessary
• Capacity of PJT II and its staff
strengthened to a level where WTC
can be effectively and efficiently
maintained
4.5 Project Management • Project completed on time and on • Project completion report(s) • Consultants and local
budget to the agreed standard of counterparts undertake the
quality management of the project
competently
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• Procurement of DED/Construction Supervision Consultant Cost: $42,900,000
• Prequalification of contractors
• Tendering, selection of contractors and contract negotiation
• Mobilisation, pre-construction survey and setting out
• Construction supervision
• Removal and disposal of sediments from the canal bed, strengthening of embankments
• Separation of Cikarang and Bekasi river flows from the main canal through construction of by-passes (inverted siphons)
• Capacity building of PJT II for improved management and operation of WTC
• Implementation of stakeholder-driven selection process of water supply and sanitation options for riparian communities along West
Tarum Canal
Component Project 5: Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification in Three Districts
5.1 Identification and appraisal of target areas • Appropriate target irrigation areas • Appraisal reports • Sufficient irrigators are willing to
identified, according to demand- participate in the SRI roll-out
responsive criteria, and appraised
accurately
5.2 Capacity building • Capacity of trainers and farmers to • Reports on training • Enough potential trainers are
implement SRI raised to the • Surveys of people trained available and willing to
appropriate level through effective participate
training • Farmers are enthusiastic
enough to undertake training
and apply the lessons learned
• Farmers are trained on
integrated pest management
leading to a reduction in the use
of chemicals and pesticides
• Farmers organizations are
trained to continue this project
activity after the initial work
carried out by the project staff
5.3 Progressive implementation of SRI • Program for progressive • Progress reports • Continued support by GOI for
implementation adhered to – • Project completion report adoption of SRI
10,000 ha by the end of the project • Continued support by farmers
• Procurement and distribution of for adoption of SRI
supplies undertake according to • Adequate supply of organic
agreed timetable fertilizer and other supplies
8
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5.4 Management, monitoring and reporting • Timely monitoring and reporting • Project progress reports • Sufficient numbers of local
carried out project managers are available
• Project management is
effectively undertaken
• Participatory Rural Appraisal for 3 districts and 16 sub-districts Cost: $4,170,000
• Training of Trainers for 800 farm leaders
• Training for 20,000 farmers
• Implementation of SRI in 80 demonstration plots
• Farmer empowerment – 660 sessions of training
• Production of organic fertilizer – distribution of 400 units
• Acquisition and distribution of 10,000 decomposer kits
• Acquisition and distribution of 50,000 kg of selected seeds
• Monitoring and reporting
Component Project 6: Support for Community- and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation
6.1 Capacity building and planning • Capacity of participating communities • Project progress and financial • Continued support by GOI for
(and particularly the community reports the community-based approach
implementation teams) enhanced to a • Survey of participating communities • Continued support by people in
level that enables effective
• Feedback from trainers local communities
development and implementation of
• Appropriate financing
action plans
mechanism can be developed
• Action plans developed in participating and agreed to by GOI
communities that will lead to improved
water and catchment management
and can be implemented locally
• Appropriate financing mechanism that
will enable participating communities
to have access to sufficient funds for
implementation of their action plans
6.2 Implementation and ongoing support • Action plans implemented successfully • Project completion reports • Continued support by people in
within agreed time and budget local communities and
contribution of labour and other
in-kind inputs
• Funding is made available in a
timely manner and is used
wisely in accordance with the
agreed action plans
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6.3 Management, monitoring and reporting • Project completed on time and on • Project completion reports • Sufficient numbers of local
budget to the agreed standard of project managers are available
quality • Project management is
• Identification of potential NGOs who can facilitate community participation in all project cycles Cost: $5,640,000
• Socialization and awareness-raising, assessment of community needs
• Selection of communities based on socioeconomic and health criteria and other indicators
• Confirmation of community commitment and willingness to participate
• Formation of community implementation teams
• Community problem identification and analysis of technical options
• Provision of skills training based on communities’ priorities, assets and needs to generate income and employment opportunities
• Provision of access to capital and markets to directly implement skills acquired
• Formulation of community action plans and proposals
• Disbursement of funds and construction of approved schemes
• O&M of completed schemes, and socialization and training support on hygiene behavioural change
• Facilitate the implementation of identified health, water and sanitation related projects/programs
Component Project 7: Development and Implementation of a Basin River Quality Improvement Strategy and Action Plans
7.1 Improved policies and procedures for water quality • Key new policies and procedures for • Project completion report • Government agencies at all
management water quality management in place • GOI publications levels will adopt the new
and being implemented effectively policies and procedures
7.2 Improvements to water quality monitoring and data • Improved water quality monitoring • Project completion report • Agencies responsible for water
management system in place and being effectively • GOI publications related to water quality monitoring and
operated and maintained quality records (several agencies) management will effectively
• A water quality and pollution source operate and maintain the data
database management system in systems
place and being effectively operated
and maintained
• Appropriate (and well-calibrated and
validated) issue-specific water quality
models in place and being effectively
operated and maintained (these
should link with the basin-wide water
quantity/quality model – see Output
6.2)
• An Internet-based WQM information
system to link the district
environmental agencies with other key
agencies
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7.3 Strengthening of organizational capacity • Environmental agencies at all levels, • Project reports • Organisations have the desire
universities and research • Post-project survey of to improve their capacity for
organizations have the capacity to organisations and the community water quality management
undertake water quality management
activities within their mandate
• Community awareness and
understanding of water quality issues,
and how they can contribute to
improved water quality, is raised
7.4 Basin-wide River Water Quality Improvement • Multi-agency/stakeholder planning and • Records (including minutes of • Responsibilities for
Strategy (RWQIS) coordination system for water quality meetings) held by the Water implementing the RWQIS are
management in place under the Water Resources Council clearly assigned
Resources Council • Post-project survey of • Organisations with the mandate
• Basin-wide River Quality Improvement organisations to implement the RWQIS
Strategy developed, promulgated and undertake their responsibilities
being effectively implemented through effectively and coordinate
action plans amongst each other
7.5 Prepared and implemented area-based pollution • Water quality management action • Records (including minutes of • Responsibilities for
sources management action plans plans - combining cooperation, meetings) held by the Water implementing the action plans
regulatory and incentive instruments – Resources Council are clearly assigned, and
in place and being implemented • Post-project survey of sufficient GOI funds are made
effectively organisations available
• Organisations with the mandate
to implement the action plans
undertake their responsibilities
effectively and coordinate
amongst each other
7.6 Management, monitoring and reporting • Timely monitoring and reporting • Project progress and financial • Local project managers are
carried out reports made available to manage the
various activities of the project
• Project management is
• Prepare guidelines/procedures for establishing institutional mechanisms to manage water quality Cost: $6.420,000
• Prepare guidelines/procedures for assessment of pollution sources, delineating water quality management areas and preparing action
plans
• Assess performance and effectiveness in the Citarum basin of existing cooperation-based programs and identify complementary
regulatory measures
• Policy study and recommendations on use of incentives/pollution charges for water quality management, including procedural guidelines
for implementation
• Design and develop a basin-wide water quality monitoring program based on concept of water quality management areas
• Design and develop a water quality and pollution source database management system, with capability for mapping pollution sources
11
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• Develop appropriate water quality modeling techniques, including calibration, testing and demonstration in key water quality management
areas
• Design and develop an Internet-based WQM information system to link the district environmental agencies with other key agencies
• Facilitate knowledge building through universities and research organisation activities, including research, sponsorships and seminars
• Implement community and media training in water quality information systems, monitoring and reporting
• Equip district environment staff with basic water quality monitoring equipment (on site testing and sampling kits)
• Implement an integrated water quality monitoring and reporting system based on action plans (which identify priority pollutants, sources,
control measures, targets)
• Identify key stakeholders (including universities and research organisations, and conduct a survey of technical knowledge and capabilities
• Identify opportunities for involvement of universities and research organisations to participate in the development and implementation of
the water quality improvement strategy
• Design and implement a training program on the various guidelines for district environment protection agencies
• Design and develop a basin-wide information campaign for raising public awareness of water quality management issues
• Set up multi-agency/stakeholder planning and coordination system (under Water Resources Council) for water quality management
• Identify strategic policy issues, such as objectives and standards for water quality
• Delineate and prioritise water quality management areas and mobilize area stakeholders, including technical support units from the
districts/province and Balai Besar
Component Project 8: Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments [Phase 1]
8.1 Spatial planning for reforestation • An accurate spatial map prepared of • Existing spatial maps on road, river, • Existing base maps are accurate to
degraded lands for reforestation and catchment boundary reserves; allow an accurate reforestation
accepted by key stakeholders government critical land, fresh water spatial plan to be developed
• Priority areas for reforestation identified on spring, protected area, village • Stakeholders will be prepared to
spatial map and accepted by key boundary, soil and; topographic maps accept the plan and give up land for
stakeholders • Minutes of stakeholder meetings reforestation
8.2 Village action plans for reforestation • 148 villages receive focused education on • Minutes of village stakeholder action • Background education provided to
importance of reforestation for planning meetings villagers is focused
management of local areas and the CRB • Village action plans • Villagers interested in forming
• 37 project mentors established to serve conservation action plans
148 villages • Villagers will engage with the
• Aspects of action plans developed in 148 reforestation activities
model villages that identify their specific
contribution to the CRB reforestation plan
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8.3 Implementation of action plans • Specific area to be reforested by 148 model • Village action plan maps. • Villager interest in developing
villages identified in reforestation spatial • Village spatial maps. village maps, nurseries and utilizing
map. government lands for reforestation
• Legal tenure agreements.
• Areas to be replanted by each village through lease agreements.
• Monitoring reports of leasing
mapped with GPS and located on • Villagers have the capacity to carry
agreements.
reforestation map. out reforestation and protect their
• Nurseries adequate to reforest each village • Reports of project consultants plantations from vandals.
employed to advise and assist with
component of the reforestation spatial map • Project model village mentors have
developed by model villages. reforestation and best farming practices
the capacity to assist implement
• Tenure agreements signed between each activities.
village and with appropriate government
agency.
• 70% of leased areas by each model village
replanted with mixed trees as a dominant
vegetation
8.4 Institutional development • Project spatial plans inculcated into • Provincial, district and village spatial • Government spatial planners are
provincial, districts and village spatial plans. plans. interested in participating in the
• Spatial planning staff from the province and • Project supervisor reports on trainees. project exercises.
districts trained by programmatic activities • Post project survey of accuracy of • Spatial planners in programmatic
working with the Project planning team. locations in spatial plans training remain in their posts to
• Accuracy of spatial plans improved such influence later iterations of their
that positions within spatial zones can spatial plans
readily be located with GPS
8.5 Improvement to village land tenure arrangements • Land tenure arrangements for periods of • Tenure agreement documents • leases on their land for periods >30
with Perum Perhutani >30 years available to farmers years to encourage villagers to
plant trees and not annual crops
8.6 Alternative livelihoods for displaced upland forest • 3000 Upland farmers assisted to establish • Tenure agreements with government • Conflicts between displaced upland
villagers mixed tree farms in government lands agencies farmers and local farmers for leases
to reforest government land.
13
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Main Activities: Financed by GEF

• Review all existing laws relating to protection of forests in upper catchment areas, particularly on steep slopes >42 degrees, and evaluate Cost: $4,040,000
their legal suitability to provide protection
• Establish a small group (GIS /remote sensing specialist, spatial planner and landscape ecologist) in the CRB Council to work with and
advise relevant agencies
• Review existing mosaic of spatial plans in CRB, evaluate the extent to which they are harmonious, and recommend a process for greater
integration of these plans at all levels
• Map accurately Perhutani, degraded lands, road, river and basin boundary reserves and protected areas
• Map major spring catchment areas, this to require selected hydrological surveys of important springs
• Identify priority areas for rehabilitation by reforestation and formulate reforestation spatial plan
• Gain stakeholder acceptance for reforestation spatial plan brokered by the Water Resources Council, as well as allowing for broad public
scrutiny
• Select 120 conservation villages not near PAs and evaluate their suitability for this program
• Review and report on the appropriate reforestation methods in different topographic profiles within the area planned for reforestation
• Engage and place 30 village mentors
• Train mentors
• Facilitate the development of village action plans
• Assist to develop village nurseries
• Advise villagers on appropriate reforestation techniques and build capacity
• Assist to implement village action plans, monitor and evaluate
• Institutional strengthening for coordination among local governments and the basin management organization for watershed
management
• Development of effective land use controls with incentives
• Implementation of effective compliance management (enforcement)
• Broker MOU contract conditions between villagers and Perum Perhutani that provides long tenure (>30 years)
• Broker prioritization for forest villagers to be given priority for such leases
• Conduct a field survey of the upland villagers (38,000 families) displaced to ascertain suitable sustainable alternative livelihoods
• Broker preferences for this group of villagers for Perum Perhutani lands and facilitate preferred livelihoods on this leasehold land
• Subsidise 3000 farmers for one year to establish alternatives
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Component Project 9: Protected Area Management for Biodiversity [Phase 1]
9.1 Data gathering, investigations and overall planning • Action plans documents completed in • PA management action plan • Protected area management
7 protected areas (PAs). reports. engages proactively with model
• Habitat maps completed in 7 PAs • Consultant reports on habitat conservation villages.
• Assessments of 6 taxonomic groups mapping, taxonomic groups • Field conditions, field worker
completed in 7 PAs. surveyed and resource utilization. health and PA support allows
• completion of activities during
• Reports on resource utilization in 7 Model conservation village action
plan reports the project period.
PAs by surrounding villagers
completed. • Villagers participate in resource
utilization surveys
• Stakeholder action plans completed in
7 PAs and 28 Model conservation
villages around these PAs
9.2 Implementation of action plans • Villagers represented on 7 PA • PA annual reports and strategic • PA management prepared to
management boards. planning documents include villagers on their
• Management zones and associated • Post project survey of resource management boards.
regulations established. utilization of PAs by villages • Sufficient funds and expertise
• Adaptive management plan surrounding PAs available to implement high
implementation commenced. priority aspects of action plans.
• Illegal removal of timber and wood and • Poor villagers can subsist
extraction of non timber forest without removing natural
products in PAs declines 50% and; resources from PAs
encroachment 80%
9.3 Project management and sub-component • LD and BD focal areas under a single • Report to GEF • Stakeholders prepared to
coordination PMU. • Reports of various collaborative participate in several forums
• Stakeholders represented on several forums. and be present of PA
collaborative forums. management board
• PA annual reports
• Villagers represented on PA
management boards
Main Activities: Financed by GEF
• Develop conservation management action plans for the selected protected areas through stakeholder forums focused on selected Cost: $4,020,000
conservation targets (objectives)
• Habitat mapping in selected protected areas
• Conduct rapid biodiversity surveys of three taxonomic groups selected by the action planning process
• Conduct village resource utilization survey of the villages adjoining these protected areas
• Establish village conservation groups specific to the selected protected areas (model conservation villages - MCVs)
• Build capacity of MCV communities through training
• Develop village action plans in the MCVs
• Involve village conservation groups in collaborative management of protected areas according to agreed action plans
• Monitor and review action plan implementation
• Project management and sub-component coordination
15
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Component Project 10: Project Preparation for Tranche 2
10.1 System Service Improvement – East Tarum Canal • Project documentation prepared to • Review of project outputs • GOI continues to support the
standards required by ADB execution of the projects and
10.2 Development and implementation of a water
entitlements and licensing system for surface water • Documents submitted in a timely facilitates stakeholder support
fashion for their preparation
users
• Consultants engaged to
10.3 Development and implementation of an IEA for prepare the documentation
capacity building of communities across the basin for carry out their tasks to the
improved participation in water resources policy required standards
development, planning and management
10.4 Ongoing support for WRC and supporting office(s),
and capacity building for WRM agencies at provincial
and district level
10.5 Policy development for appropriate water pricing,
water allocation and balanced stakeholder
participation
10.6 Development of strategies and options for demand
management and water conservation with respect to
industrial and domestic use
10.7 Review of allocation priorities and optimization of
operating rules for key sub-basins, including the
operation of the river / reservoir system as a whole
10.8 Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments
[Phase 2]
10.9 Protected Area Management (Biodiversity) [Phase 2]
Main Activities: Financed by ADB TA
For each project being prepared: Cost: $1,400,000
• Prepare feasibility study (if required)
• Prepare scope of project and estimate resources and costs
• Prepare TOR and other tender documentation
16
Annex 6 Proposed
Implementation Schedule –
Tranche 1
Integrated Citarum Water Resources Project - Tranche 1
WBS Task Name Estimated Indicative Funding Implementing
Duration Cost Source Agency 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
($'000) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 Total Tranche 1 60 79,230
months
1 Program Management 60 months 2,000 AusAID Balai Besar
1.1 Procurement of Consultants

1.1.1 Procure consultants 6 months
1.2 Program Management 2000
1.2.1 Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders 48 months
intermittent
1.2.2 Coordination among projects 52 months
intermittent
1.2.3 Identify the need for and coordinate implementation of minor studies 48 months
(up to $400,000 total) to improve knowledge of water issues in CRB intermittent
1.2.4 Monitoring and reporting of project performance 48 months
intermittent
1.2.5 Coordination of preparation for Tranches 2 and 3 18 months
Page 1
2 Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources 48 months 2,400 ADB TA Balai Besar
Management
2.2 Sub-Component 1: Capacity Building and Support 800
2.2.1 Assistance in establishing the Water Resources Council (covering 6 months
Citarum and eastern Basins), river basin management office and
support unit(s) for improved policy development and coordination
2.2.2 Ongoing support and capacity building for the Council, river basin 36 months
management office and support unit(s)
2.3 Sub-Component 2: Data and Modelling 750
2.3.1 Establish a land degradation and biodiversity database for CRB,
consolidating existing data from various organisations
2.3.2 Develop an Internet-based metadatabase (data inventory) for water,

land and related data in the CRB
2.3.3 Identify potentially useful modelling packages for an integrated river 2 months
basin water quantity/quality model for the Citarum, and select the
most suitable
2.3.4 Assemble data, develop the model, then calibrate and validate/verify 5 months
2.3.5 Design and implement a decision support tool for use by relevant 4 months
agencies for policy and planning
2.4 Sub-Component 3: "State-of-the-Basin" Reporting 250
2.4.1 Review of “state of the basin” reporting procedures in other countries 3 months
2.4.2 Development of an appropriate process to produce and disseminate 3 months

a “state of the basin” report to identify problem areas, cause/sources
and needed remedies
2.4.3 Produce annual "state of the basin" reports 8 months
2.5 Sub-Component 4: Basin Planning - Development of Pola 600

2.5.1 Review of existing plans for water resources development and 3 months
management in the Citarum River Basin
2.5.2 Building on the roadmap and in collaboration with stakeholders, 8 months
develoment of a strategic river basin plan (pola) that will facilitate
improved and more integrated water resource management
2.5.3 Development and implementation of a mechanism for monitoring the 3 months
implementation of the river basin plan by line agencies with that
responsibility, and reporting progress to government
Page 2
3 Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater Management 36 months 5,900 MFF
for Bandung Tranche 1
3.2 Sub-Component 1: Options for Increase in Surface Water Supplies 2,000
3.2.1 Execution of rapid surveys and pre-feasibility studies (review and 6 months
update any previous feasibility studies) in order to arrive at a short-list
of the most viable potential options
3.2.2 Preparation of detailed feasibility studies (including costing, 6 months
environmental impact assessment, and resettlement action plans,
etc) leading to the preparation of SPARs
3.2.3 Detailed engineering design for selected option(s) for Bandung 10 months
supplementary surface water supply
3.3 Sub-Component 2: Improved implementation of regulations for 600
sustainable groundwater management in Bandung
3.3.1 Review of existing regulatory framework for ground¬water 2 months
management in the Bandung area
3.3.2 Evaluation of existing implementation of regulation and identification 2 months
of deficiencies
3.3.3 Development of strategies and an action plan for improved 4 months
effectiveness of regulation of groundwater use, including
recommendations for changes to the existing regulatory framework
3.3.4 Development of a monitoring and evaluation mechanism 2 months
3.3.5 Capacity building of agencies involved in groundwater management 2 months
3.4 Sub-Component 3: Improvements to groundwater monitoring 3,000
network
3.4.1 Provision and installation of monitoring equipment, increasing the 20 months
network of monitoring wells
3.4.2 Review of existing groundwater databases and models, and 3 months
identifacion of improvements needed
3.4.3 Improvement to groundwater database(s) and computer models 12 months
3.5 Sub-Component 4: Establishment of, and ongoing support for, a 300
stakeholder forum for Bandung Sub-Basin under Citarum Basin
3.5.1 Work with the Citarum Basin Water Resources Council or Citarum 2 months
Balai Besar to determine its composition and mandate
3.5.2 Legally and practically establish the forum 4 months
3.5.3 Provide ongoing support (financial and advisory) to the forum for up 24 months
to two years
Page 3
4 Rehabilitation of the West Tarum Canal 54 months 43,000 MFF
Tranche 1
4.1.1 Procurement of DED/Construction Supervision Consultant 6 months
4.2 Sub-Component 1: Detailed Engineering Design

4.2.1 Carry out detailed engineering design 11 months
4.3 Sub-Component 2: Tendering

4.3.1 Prequalification of contracters 6 months
4.3.2 Tendering, selection of contractors and contract negotiation 6 months
4.4 Sub-Component 3: Construction of Improvement Works

4.4.1 Mobilisation, pre-construction survey and setting out 6 months
4.4.2 Construction supervision 28 months
4.4.3 Excavation/dredging works 24 months
4.4.4 Concrete and masonry works 21 months
4.4.5 Hydro-mechanical equipment procurement and manufacturing 9 months
4.4.6 Installation of hydro-mechanical equipment 12 months
4.4.7 Completion and handover 1 month
4.5 Sub-Component 4: Associated Activities

4.5.1 Capacity building of PJT II for improved management and 12 months
operation of WTC
4.5.2 Implementation of stakeholder-driven selection process of water 12 months
supply and sanitation options for riparian communities along
West Tarum Canal
Page 4
5 Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification in Three Districts (two 54 months 4,300 MFF
downstream and one upstream) Tranche 1
5.2 Sub-Component 1: Appraisal of Target Areas 60
5.2.1 Participatory Rural Appraisal for 3 districts and 16 sub-districts 42months
intermittent
5.3 Sub-Component 2: Capacity Building 1,120
5.3.1 Training of Trainers for 800 farm leaders 45 months
intermittent
5.3.2 Training for 20,000 farmers 45 months
intermittent
5.3.3 Implementation of SRI in 80 demonstration plots 45 months
intermittent
5.3.4 Farmer empowerment – 660 sessions of training 42 months
intermittent
5.4 Sub-Component 3: Progressive implementation of SRI 2,520
5.4.1 Production of organic fertilizer – distribution of 400 units 45 months
intermittent
5.4.2 Acquisition and distribution of 10,000 decomposer kits 45 months
intermittent
5.4.3 Acquisition and distribution of 50,000 kg of selected seeds 45 months
intermittent
5.5 Sub-Component 4: Management, monitoring and reporting 600
5.5.1 Project management 48 months
intermittent
5.5.2 Monitoring and reporting 42 months
intermittent
Page 5
6 Support for Community- and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved 54 months 6,800 MFF
Water and Catchment Management Tranche 1
6.2 Sub-Component 1: Capacity Building and Planning 800
6.2.1 Identification of potential NGOs who can facilitate community 2 months
participation in all project cycles
6.2.2 Undertake KAP (knowledge-attitude-practices) surveys 3 months
6.2.3 Socialization and awareness-raising (including media information 6 months
campaigns), assessment of community needs
6.2.4 Selection of communities based on socio-economic and health 2 months
criteria and other indicators
6.2.5 Confirmation of community commitment and willingness to participate 1 month
6.2.6 Formation of community implementation teams 2 months
6.2.7 Provision of skills training based on communities’ priorities, assets 3 months

and needs to generate income and employment opportunities
6.2.8 Community problem identification and analysis of technical options 2 months
6.2.9 Formulation of community action plans and proposals 4 months
6.3 Sub-Component 2: Implementation and Ongoing Support 6,000

6.3.1 Provision of access to capital and markets to directly implement skills 3 months
acquired and plans developed
6.3.2 Disbursement of funds and construction of approved schemes 18 months
6.3.3 O&M of completed schemes, and socialization and training support 10 months
on hygiene behavioural change
Page 6
7 Development and Implementation of a Basin River Quality 60 months 6,100 MFF
Improvement Strategy and Action Plans Tranche 1
7.2 Sub-Component 1: Policies and Procedures for Water Quality 340
Management
7.2.1 Prepare guidelines/procedures for establishing institutional 2 months
mechanisms to manage water quality
7.2.2 Prepare guidelines/procedure for assessment of pollution sources, 2 months
delineating water quality management areas and preparing action
plans
7.2.3 Assess performance and effectiveness in the Citarum basin of 3 months
existing cooperation-based programs and identify complementary
regulatory measures
7.2.4 Policy study and recommendations on use of incentives/pollution 2 months
charges for water quality management, including procedural
guidelines for implementation
7.3 Sub-Component 2: Improvements to Water Quality Monitoring and 1,860
Data Management
7.3.1 Design and develop a basinwide water quality monitoring program 3 months
based on concept of water quality management areas
7.3.2 Design and develop a water quality and pollution source database 5 months
management system, with capability for mapping pollution sources
7.3.3 Develop appropriate water quality modeling techniques, including 6 months
calibration, testing and demonstration in key water quality
7.3.4 Design and develop an Internet-based WQM information system to 3 months
link the district environmental agencies with other key agencies
7.3.5 Equip district environment staff with basic water quality monitoring 3 months
equipment (on site testing and sampling kits)
7.3.6 Implement integrated water quality monitoring system based on 41 months
action plans (which identify priority pollutants, sources, control
measures, targets)
7.4 Sub-Component 3: Development of Organisational Capacity 1,000
7.4.1 Design and implement a training program on the various guidelines 3 months
for district environment protection agencies
7.4.2 Design and develop a basin-wide information campaign for raising 6 months
public awareness of water quality management issues
7.5 Sub-Component 4: Preparation of Basin-Wide River Quality 500
Improvement Strategy
7.5.1 Set up multi-agency/stakeholder planning and coordination system 2 months
(under Balai Besar) for water quality management
7.5.2 Identify strategic policy issues, such as objectives and standards for 1 month
water quality
7.5.3 Delineate and prioritise water quality management areas and 3 months
mobilize area stakeholders, including technical support units from the
districts/province and Balai Besar
7.5.4 Conduct pollution source inventories and pollution load assessments 6 months
in key water quality management areas (prioritize Bandung and
Bekasi)
Page 7
7.5.5 Develop a basin-wide River Quality Improvement Strategy for the 3 months
Basin as a framework for action planning in priority water quality
management areas
7.5.6 Policy review and re-planning 3 months
7.6 Sub-Component 5: Preparation and Implementation of Area-Based 2,400

Pollution Sources Management Action Plans
7.6.1 Formulate the area water quality management action plans - 4 months
combining cooperation, regulatory and incentive instruments
7.6.2 Implement area action plans 18 months
7.6.3 Performance monitoring and evaluation of area action plans and 6 months
reporting to the Citarum Ware Resources Council through the Balai
Besar
Page 8
8 Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments in CRB 45 months 3,930 GEF

8.2 Sub-Component 1: Spatial planning for reforestation 1,100
8.2.1 Review all existing laws relating to protection of forests in upper 2 months
catchment areas, particularly on steep slopes >42 degrees, and
evaluate their legal suitability to provide protection
8.2.2 Establish a small group (GIS /remote sensing specialist, spatial 4 months
planner and landscape ecologist) in the CRB Council to work with
and advise relevant agencies
8.2.3 Review existing mosaic of spatial plans in CRB, evaluate the extent 3 months
to which they are harmonious, and recommend a process for greater
integration of these plans at all levels
8.2.4 Map accurately Perhutani, degraded lands, road, river and DAS 4 months
boundary reserves and PAs
8.2.5 Map major spring catchment areas, this to require selected 24 months
hydrological surveys of important springs
8.2.6 Identify priority areas for rehabilitation by reforestation and formulate 3 months
reforestation spatial plan
8.2.7 Gain multi-stakeholder acceptance for reforestation spatial plan 2 months
brokered by the Water Resources Council, as well as allowing for
broad public scrutiny
8.3 Sub-Component 2: Village action plans for reforestation 500
8.3.1 Select 120 conservation villages not near PAs and evaluate their 3 months
suitability for this program
8.3.2 Review and report on the appropriate reforestation methods in 4 months
different topographic profiles within the area planned for reforestation
8.3.3 Engage and place 30 village mentors 3 months

8.3.4 Train mentors 6 months
8.3.5 Facilitate the development of village action plans 3 months
8.3.6 Assist to develop village nurseries 8 months
8.4 Sub-Component 3: Implementation of action plans 630
8.4.1 Advise villagers on appropriate reforestation techniques and build 6 months
capacity
8.4.2 Assist to implement village action plans, monitor and evaluate 12 months
8.5 Sub-Component 4: Institutional development 300
8.5.1 Institutional strengthening for coordination among local governments 3 months
and the basin management organization for watershed management
8.5.2 Development of effective land use controls with incentives 3 months

8.5.3 Implementation of effective compliance management (enforcement) 12 months
8.6 Sub-Component 5: Improvement to village land tenure arrangements 200

with Perum Perhutani
8.6.1 Broker MOU contract conditions between villagers and Perum 30 months
Perhutani that provides long tenure (>30 years)
8.6.2 Broker prioritization for forest villagers (desa hutan) to be given 6 months
priority for such leases
Page 9
8.7 Sub-Component 6: Alternative livelihoods for displaced upland 1,200
forest villagers
8.7.1 Conduct a field survey of the upland villagers (38,000 families) 3 months
displaced to ascertain suitable sustainable alternative livelihoods
8.7.2 Broker preferences for this group of villagers for Perum Perhutani 3 months
lands and facilitate preferred livelihoods on this leasehold land
8.7.3 Subsidise 3000 farmers for one year to establish alternatives 12 months
Page 10
9 Protected Area Management in CRB (Biodiversity) 42 months 4,200 GEF

9.2 Sub-Component 1: Data gathering, investigations and action 2850
planning
9.2.1 Develop conservation management action plans for the selected 2 months
protected areas through stakeholder forums focused on selected
conservation targets (objectives)
9.2.2 Habitat mapping in selected protected areas 36 months
9.2.3 Conduct rapid biodiversity surveys of three taxonomic groups 33 months

selected by the action planning process
9.2.4 Conduct village resource utilization survey of the villages adjoining 7 months
these protected areas
9.3 Sub-Component 2: Implementation 300
9.3.1 Establish village conservation groups specific to the selected 6 months
protected areas (model conservation villages - MCVs)
9.3.2 Build capacity of MCV communities through training 12 months
9.3.3 Develop village action plans in the MCVs 12 months
9.3.4 Involve village conservation groups in collaborative management of 29 months
protected areas according to agreed action plans
9.3.5 Monitor and review action plan implementation 18 months
9.4 Sub-Component 3: Project management and sub-component 1,050

coordination
9.4.1 Project management and sub-component coordination 36 months
Page 11
10 Project Preparation for Tranche 2 (Indicative Only) 9 months 600 ADB TA Balai Besar

10.1.1 Procurement of consultants 6 months
10.2 Feasibility Studies and Preparation of TOR and Tender Documents 600
10.2.1 System Service Improvement and Irrigation Modernization – East 4 months

Tarum Canal
10.2.2 Improvements to organisational capacity for environmental 2 months
assessment
10.2.3 Development of strategies and options for demand management and 2 months
water conservation with respect to industrial and domestic use
10.2.4 Development and implementation of a water entitlements and 2 months
licensing system for surface water users
10.2.5 Review of allocation priorities and optimization of operating rules for 2 months
key sub-basins, including the operation of the river / reservoir system
as a whole
10.2.6 Development and implementation of an IEA for capacity building of 2 months
communities across the basin for improved participation in water
resources policy development, planning and management
Page 12
Annex 7 Indicative Investment

Plan Summary
INTEGRATED CITARUM WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT - INDICATIVE COSTING SUMMARY
Roadmap
Indicative MFF Indicative Total Cost Tranche 1 Estimated Total Cost
Total Cost ($ '000) ($ '000)
Co-
Key Areas: ADB Loan ADB Grant GOI Total ADB Loan ADB Grant GEF GOI Total
($ '000) Financer
Institutions and Planning $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $2,400 $2,400
WR Development and Management $2,362,510 $276,420 $5,000 $182,060 $463,480 $28,870 $19,740 $48,610
Water Sharing $133,000 $2,000 $25,000 $3,000 $30,000 $5,000 $1,810 $6,810
Environmental Protection $250,000 $3,500 $8,000 $48,500 $60,000 $8,060 $8,060
Disaster Management $100,000 $0 $0
Community Empowerment $59,000 $25,000 $10,000 $19,600 $54,600 $7,070 $1,480 $8,550
Data and Information $20,000 $9,560 $5,440 $5,060 $20,060 $1,040 $1,040
Program Management and Project Preparation $20,000 $3,520 $8,480 $12,000 $2,570 $2,570
SUBTOTAL $2,954,510 $320,000 $15,440 $53,060 $261,640 $650,140 $40,940 $3,440 $8,060 $25,600 $78,040
Contingencies and IDC $800,000 $180,000 $180,000 $19,270 $19,270
TOTAL $3,754,510 $500,000 $15,440 $53,060 $261,640 $830,140 $60,210 $3,440 $8,060 $25,600 $97,310
Annex 8 Economic and Financial

Analysis
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
A. Introduction
1. Financial and economic analysis were undertaken to evaluate the sustainability of
the Project. This analysis was undertaken comparing the cost and benefits in the case of with
and without project situation. Financial analysis examines its sustainability from the
beneficiaries’ point of view while economic analysis determines its viability from the social
and economic perspective. The two major project benefits that are considered for Tranche 1
is the additional water made available for: (i) domestic, manufacturing and industrial (DMI)
uses; and (ii) paddy cultivation.
2. The considerable benefits of environmental improvements including

improvements in water quality, health, reduction in soil erosion, reducing the risk of landslide
and flooding are not included in the analysis because of difficulties in accurately quantifying
these impacts. An important benefit that is not considered in this analysis is the
strengthening of the canal banks; a break in the wall can lead to long periods of disruption in
the Jakarta pipe water supply causing widespread panic and heath hazards.
B. Major Assumptions
3. The major project activities will be implemented over the period from 2007 to
2011. The economic life of the Project is assumed as 25 years with the full economic benefits
realized in 2025 or project year 19. Investment costs including all consultancy, civil works
and equipment costs are in constant 2006 prices. The exchange rate used is Rp9,300 to
US$1.00 which is the rate used by GOI in preparing their 2007 budget. The World Bank
MUV1 index is used to adjust future commodity prices to constant 2006 prices. Forecast
prices of traded commodities are based on World Bank commodity price projections while
prices of other commodities are based on prevailing local market prices. Prices for rice,
phosphate and potassium fertilizer are based on import parity while those for nitrogenous
fertilizer at export parity. The 2015 forecast prices are used for deriving farm-gate commodity
and fertilizer prices.
3. The standard conversion factor (SCF) used in this analysis is 0.9 while that for
labor is 0.8. The price of labor is Rp25,000 per day which is the prevailing rate in the project
area.
C. Major Problems in the Program Area
4. The program area – Citaram Basin - covers the most strategic river basin in the
country, with a population of 28 million. The 2 most important urban centers – Jakarta
(population 13.2 million) and Bandung (population 4.0 million) are either located within or
depend on this basin for its water supply. The total area of irrigated agricultural land is some
300,000 ha producing about some 3.0 million tons of paddy or 6 % of the national output.
The Citarum River system also supplies 80% of Jakarta’s raw water. Some 10% of the
population are living below the poverty line, 50% of households do not have proper toilet
facilities and 40% of them do not have access to pipe water.
5. Average annual demand from the Jatiluhur reservoir has increased from
140m3/sec in 1996 to 156m3/sec in 2004 and this demand is growing at an annual rate of
5%. However, inflow into the Saguling reservoir has been decreasing. Between 1986 and
1991, dry season flow into the Saguling reservoir was 38% of the average annual flow. This
1
World Bank, MUV Index 2004.
percentage went down to 36% between 1992 and 1997, and declined further to 34% starting
in 1998. Watershed degradation is seen as the principal cause. Denuded catchments have
reduced capacity to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy months.
In turn, the lower water retention capacity reduces the amount of water available for release
as “base flow” during the summer months.
6. In 1997, groundwater abstraction in DKI Jakarta was 8m3/sec or half of the

surface water supplied to the metropolitan area by the West Tarum Canal. Domestic use
accounted for almost 90% of total groundwater abstraction in Jakarta. Groundwater use has
exceeded sustainable levels. In both Jakarta and Bandung, over-exploitation of groundwater
have caused land subsidence and structural damage to some buildings and, more
significantly, exacerbated local drainage and flooding problems.
7. In Bandung, an estimated 90% of the population, and 98% of the industries, rely
on groundwater. The lowering of the groundwater level is reportedly up to 5m/year in some
places. The cumulative water level decline since 1920 has been 85m. In 2005, it was
estimated that land subsidence had reached 0.8m. In order to get clean water, industrial
wells have to be drilled to beyond 150m. Industrial groundwater abstraction has also had a
devastating effect on shallow wells on which numerous households depend.
8. Watershed erosion is a serious problem in the upper river basin where hillsides
are steep and the catchment denuded. Even on steep slopes, farmers cultivate non-
perennial crops which do not provide adequate ground cover from the heavy monsoon rains.
The soils, derived from volcanic tuff, are easily erodible and are prone to land slides. High
peak flows have also increased the rate of river bank erosion. Hydrologic flow regimes have
been adversely changed by land degradation, notably the loss of adequate forest cover and
the prevalence of hillside farming in the upper catchments. The degraded catchments have
reduced capacity to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy months
which carry large amounts of eroded soil. Landslides and mud flows are frequent during the
rainy season. These areas have erosion rates in excess of 60 ton/ha/year. At a
conservatively estimate of $10/ha, this would represent a loss of $1.0 million/year for the
entire watershed of some 100,000 ha.
9. Flooding is a consequence mainly of changes in the river flow regime, in turn

caused by changes in watershed conditions. As water retention capacity of the river
catchments is reduced by denudation and land conversion for urban development, flood
peaks have increased. The ratio of wet season peak flows to dry season low flows in the
upper basin has increased from 3.4 in 1992 to 7.3 in 2003. The increased flood frequency
and severity are also invariably associated with destructive landslides and mud flows.
Flooding has become more frequent and more severe in recent times in all the major urban
centers. The problem is due to a combination of: (i) watershed denudation, (ii) effects of past
re-alignment/straightening of the Citarum River (through cut-offs) which, while alleviating
flooding upstream, increase peak flows downstream, (iii) localized land subsidence due to
groundwater over-pumping that impair drainage, and (iv) clogging of drainage canals and
streams by garbage.
10. Along the lower Citarum River levees/embankments built during the Dutch period
help confine flooding within the river’s meander zone and provide protection to the
surrounding settlements. However, large areas of the flood zone within the levees have been
planted with crops and fruit trees that have the effect of retarding flood flow, contributing to
high water levels. Also, a long term effect of the river embankments has been to raise the
river bed due to sediment accumulation, since the levees prevent the spilling of sediments
onto the surrounding plain. Consequently, floodwater levels inside the levees have risen
above the level of the surrounding land, putting the population at risk in case of levee failure.
11. At the Citarum River mouth, the build-up of deposited sediments has created
sand dunes that impede floodwater discharge. Combined with the effect of high tides, the
constricted river outlet causes perennial inundation of the lower basin near the delta as the
water is forced to back up into the alluvial plain.
12. The population within the program area is growing at more than 3% annually,
attributed in part to influx of migrants drawn in by the region’s rapid pace of development.
The combined effects of untreated domestic sewage, solid waste disposal and industrial
effluents have significantly increased pollution loads in the Citarum River system. In the
upper basin, river water that is polluted by domestic and industrial wastes from the Bandung
metropolitan area is funneled into the Saguling reservoir. In recent years, the BOD
concentrations in the Cikapunding River (a major tributary of the Saguling River that flows
through Bandung) were still reported to reach as high as 100 mg/l.
13. Runoff from farmed hillside areas, in addition, brings in large amounts of nutrients
(nitrogen and phosphorus) that induce eutrophication in the reservoirs. At Saguling where the
problem is most significant, nitrogen loading has been estimated at 33,350 ton/year, and for
phosphorus, 4,370 ton/year. Algal blooms and their subsequent decay have been blamed for
the regular occurrence of fish kills and considerable damage to the floating fish cage
industry. In turn, the uncontrolled expansion of fish cage operations is exacerbating the
effects of polluted water coming into the reservoir. Improper or excessive fish feeding in the
floating cages adds to the organic waste load as unconsumed feed accumulates on the
reservoir bed and through periodic suspension (for example, at the start of the rainy season
when increased inflows induce mixing in the reservoir) increases oxygen demand.
14. Pollution in the lower basin - particularly in the downstream portion of the West
Tarum Canal - poses an even more urgent water quality problem. The WTC supplies 80% of
Jakarta’s (surface) raw water supply, and hence is vital to the well-being of 8 million
inhabitants. On its route to Jakarta, the WTC intersects the Bekasi River which drains an
area rapidly being developed for residential and industrial use. At the Bekasi River’s
confluence with the WTC, the average annual BOD concentration in 2004 was 48mg/l
(measured at the weir site). The pollution load in the Bekasi River is caused by untreated
household sewage, industrial wastewater, and solid waste dumped along the river banks.
15. Lack of proper solid waste management contributes to both pollution and
flooding. Garbage deposited along canals and riverbanks contribute to the high BOD. They
also clog drains and accumulate on riverbeds reducing discharge capacity. Average daily
solid waste generation is estimated at 6,500m3/day, of which about 1,500m3/day is not
collected and properly disposed of. Thus the annual uncollected garbage that invariably ends
up accumulating in the drainage system and rivers amounts to something like 500,000m3.
The estimate inflow of solid waste into the reservoir is 250,000m3/year.
16. Along the West Tarum Canal, reduction in conveyance capacity is due both to
sediment deposits and the prolific growth of aquatic plants (which create friction in water
flow). Apart from contributing to the bottom detritus, aquatic plants trap silt and accelerate
canal shallowing. Plant growth is promoted by the use of the canal as toilet and
bathing/washing area for residents, which adds substantial quantities of plant nutrients in the
water. Residential and commercial establishments along the canal are dense particularly
downstream of the waterway from Cikarang and Bekasi to Jakarta. Wastewater and garbage
from these establishments are disposed of directly into the canal.
D. Project Benefits
1. Water For DMI
17. In the without-project situation, silting, damage to the canals and hydro-
mechanical equipments is gradually reducing the amount of water available for irrigation and
DMI by 0.5% annually, or a fall from 51.1m3/sec in 2005 to 46.5m3/sec in 2025 (Table 1). As
compared with the without-project situation, the Project aims to increase water available for
irrigation by 4.5m3/sec, for DMI by 19.6m3/sec and for flushing by (1.0m3/sec) or a total of
25.1m3/sec by the year 2025.
19. The Project will increase the water available from the current level of 51.1m3/sec to
3
71.6m /sec by 2025. The bulk of this increase in water supply will go towards meeting the
growing demand for water for DMI in Jakarta, and Curug-Berkasi. The DMI uses will benefit
from an increase of 2.5% annually in their water supply (or by 19.6m3/sec).
19. Without-project, water available for Jakarta will fall from 16.1m3/sec in 2005 to
14.5m /sec in 2015 and to 12.9m3/sec by 2025. The Project will increase the supply of water
3
to Jakarta and Curug-Berkasi DMI by 2.5% annually. This increase is barely adequate to
meet the growing demand for water for all DMI uses and there is a need for consumers to
use this water more efficiently.
Table 1: Water Supply from WTC, With and Without Project, m3/sec
Items 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Without Project
Irrigation 30.0 28.5 27.0 25.5 24.0
DMI Consumers
DMI – JKT 16.1 15.3 14.5 13.7 12.9
DMI - Curug Bekasi 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.6
DMI – Total 23.1 21.9 20.8 19.6 18.5
Flushing 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.0
Total 58.1 55.2 52.3 49.4 46.5

With Project
Irrigation 30.0 31.1 30.1 29.3 28.5
DMI Consumers
DMI – JKT 16.1 18.6 21.1 23.6 26.1
DMI - Curug Bekasi 7.0 8.3 9.5 10.8 12.0
DMI – Total 23.1 26.9 30.6 34.4 38.1
Flushing 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Total 58.1 63.0 65.7 68.7 71.6

With-Without Project
Irrigation 0.0 2.6 3.1 3.8 4.5
DMI Consumers
DMI – JKT 0.0 3.3 6.6 9.9 13.2
DMI - Curug Bekasi 0.0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4
DMI – Total 0.0 4.9 9.8 14.7 19.6
Flushing 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0
Total 0.0 7.8 13.4 19.3 25.1

Source: Nippon Koei: Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Project,
Phase II and Phase III Feasibility Report, 2006.
2. Water for Irrigation
20. The cropping intensity mainly for rice in the lower reaches of the Jatiluhur
irrigation system has decreased by 25% in recent years due to the shortage of irrigation
water caused by the degradation of the main and the secondary canals. Overall, the water
delivery from the Jatiluhur system is inefficient due to (i) seepage from the canals, (ii)
evaporation loss, and (iii) delivery loss.
21. Without project, water available for paddy irrigation is estimated to decline from to
30.0m3/sec in 2005 to 24.0 m3/sec in 2025 with the cropped area falling from 106,900 ha to
91,803 ha over this period and the cropping intensity declining from 1.78 to 1.53 (Table 2).
22. The rehabilitation of WTC will increase the water available to 28.5m3/sec
sufficient to cultivate 117,600 ha of paddy and restore its cropping intensity to 1.93. The
Project will increase the annual paddy cropped area by 25,800 ha by 2025. A total of 25,800
farmers, each cultivating an average of 0.5 ha of paddy land will benefit from this increase in
crop area.
23. Compared with the situation in 2005, there will be a shortfall of 1.5m3/sec of
water available for paddy irrigation in the with project situation. This implies that the paddy
sector will have to use their water more efficiently. This can be achieved with better controls
of the gate operations and lining of field canals.
24. The adoption of the system of rice intensification which reduces the water
demand from growing paddy by 40% is beneficial. It is estimated that converting 10,000 ha of
paddy cultivation to this system will save 63 million m3/year of water equivalent to 2.0m3/sec.
Table 2: Area of Irrigated Paddy and Dryland Crop – With and Without Project
Without Project
Item 2004 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025
Total command area- ha 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900
Paddy- wet season - ha 57100 56,022 54,943 53,146 51,349 49,552

Paddy- dry season - ha 46400 45,322 44,243 42,446 40,649 38,852
Dry season cash crop - ha 3400 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400
Total cropped area -ha 106900 104,743 102,587 98,992 95,398 91,803
Cropping intensity -paddy 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.65 1.59 1.53
Cropping intensity -all crops 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.71 1.65 1.59
3
Irrigation water requirement - m /s 27.35 26.78 26.21 25.26 24.31 23.36
With Project
Item 2004 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025
Total command area- ha 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900 57,900
Paddy- wet season - ha 57100 56,022 56,561 57,100 57,100 57,100
Paddy- dry season - ha 46400 45,322 51,211 57,100 57,100 57,100
Dry season cash crop - ha 3400 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400
Total cropped area -ha 106900 104,743 111,172 117,600 117,600 117,600
Cropping intensity -paddy 1.79 1.75 1.86 1.97 1.97 1.97
Cropping intensity -all crops 1.85 1.81 1.92 2.03 2.03 2.03
Without SRI
3
With SRI
3
Note: Assuming that irrigated paddy area decline from 52,980 ha/year in 2004/2005 to 45,791 ha in
2024/2025.
3
Irrigation requirement - 10,000 m /ha per crop without SRI.
3
Irrigation requirement - 6,000 m /ha per crop with SRI.
3 3
Total savings with SRI is 2.12 m /sec or 66.86 million m /year.
3. Summary of Project Justification.
25. Without-project: (i) water supply from Jatiluhur and WTC decrease by 1.1%
annually; (ii) water supply for Jakarta decrease by 1.1% annually: (iii) water supply for paddy
farmers decrease by 1.2% annually: (iii) water available for flushing decrease by 1.2%
annually; (iv) 35,000 households in Jakarta deprived of pipe water annually; (v) factories in
the Jakarta area reduce water usage by 1% annually; (vi) production of paddy from the
project area fall by 100,000 tons annually; (vii) annual economic growth rate for Jakarta and
its vicinity reduced by 0.5 to 1.0%; and (viii) potential serious conflict on water rights between
urban dwellers and farmers in the year 2010.
26. With-project: (i) water supply from Jatiluhur and WTC increase by 2.0%
annually; (ii) water supply for Jakarta increase by 2.5% annually; (iii) additional 200,000
households in Jakarta provided with pipe water annually; (iv) factories in the Jakarta area
increase their water usage by 2.0% annually; (v) production of paddy for the project area
increase by 150,000 tons annually; (vi) annual economic growth rate for Jakarta and its
vicinity increased by 0.5 to 1.0%; (vii) avoidance of serious conflict on water rights between
urban dwellers and farmers.
E. Water Charges
27. Perusahaan Umum Jasa Tirta II (PJT II), a state owned corporation, established
by Government Regulation 94/1999, is responsible for conducting self-funding operation and
maintenance (O&M) of the Jatiluhur infrastructure project, which includes a dam with an
impounding capacity of 3 billion m3, a 187 MW hydro-electric power station capable of
generating 900 million Kwh/year, and canals and irrigation structures capable of irrigating
240,000 ha of paddy fields and supplying 800 million m3 of water for domestic, manufacturing
and industrial (DMI) use. It is also responsible for: (i) collecting from the water users funds for
O&M of the Jatiluhur water systems; and (ii) managing the Citarum River basin
(conservation, utilization, and flood control mitigation). The management function of PJT II is
limited to acting as an operator of the system without having a regulatory function.
28. In 2005, its main source of income was Rp115,990 million1 from the sale of
electricity to PLN and Rp71,170 million from sale of water for a total of Rp187,160 million.
Currently, the water users pay to PJT II only 35% the required O&M cost. It charged its users
and average of Rp87/m3. The raw water that is used for Jakarta is sold at only Rp122/m3 or
2.1% of the price that the average consumers pay for their water supply. The water tariff for
Jakarta which is set by the Governor of Jakarta is Rp5,923/m3 for 2006. This rate is set
annually and there is a request from PDAM Jaya2 to raise this rate by 20% for the year 2007.
29. With-project, the price of raw water will have to be raised to Rp250/m3 to provide
PJT 2 with adequate funds for its operation and maintenance of the Jatiluhar Project
including the canal system. This doubling of water charges will represent only a 1.0%
increase in the water charges for DKI uses. In the longer term, the improvements in water
quality brought about by this Project will reduce the cost of water treatment and reduce the
need to raise water charges to the end uses.
30. Assurances will be obtained from the relevant authorities that this proposed
increase in the rate for raw water will be implemented in conjunction with the implementation
of this project.
F. Project Components
31. The proposed project has 10 components:
(i) program management;

(ii) institutional strengthening for IWRM;
(iii) water supply option and Improved groundwater management for
Bandung;
(iv) rehabilitation of West Tarum canal;
(v) roll out system rice Intensification – phase 1;
1
A total of 966.6 million Kwh at Rp120/kwh; 435 million m3 of raw water to Pam Jaya at Rp122/m3, 180
million m3 to PDIM at Rp45/m3 and 200 million m3 at Rp50/m3 to industries. The PDIM and industries draw
their water from various points along the canals. However PJT ll annual financial statement showed that in
2005, there collected only 82% of the money due to them.
2
City owned water company.
(vi) support for community and NGO-driven initiatives for improved water and
catchment management;
(vii) development and implementation of a basin water quality improvement
strategy and action plan:
(viii) productive reforestation and degraded catchment;
(ix) project area management (biodiversity) phase 1;
(x) program preparation for Tranche 2: and
(i) Project Management
32. The project management component will provide for funding the incremental and
other costs related to project implementation, including the provision of Technical Assistance
(TA), the undertaking of special studies and the maintenance of continuing liaison (and
reporting) as required between the DGWR, MPW and ADB. The Project will support the
government, partly through the Project Management component and partly through the
Institutional Strengthening component, to discharge this responsibility and will provide
operational support and funds for the Project Implementation Units (PIUs) in each District. In
practice the PIUs will comprise staff drawn from a number of district government institutions
related to water supply, agriculture, environment and health.
33. In DGWR headquarters, the Project will partly fund the establishment of a Project
Coordination and Management Unit (PCMU) to coordinate all project activities and perform
functions more appropriately undertaken at this level (procurement, accounting etc.). To
provide policy guidance for the overall project and to approve work programmes and budgets
a Steering Committee would be established within DGWR, and expenses related to the
meetings and visits of this committee would be funded by the Project. Some support would
also be provided, as an extension of the PCMU’s role, to the Provincial administrations to
facilitate coordination functions1.
34. The DGWR will second staff either full or part time, as appropriate for each
position, to facilitate project implementation and these staff will be assisted and supported by
a Technical Assistance programme. Overall, the Project will provide funding for office
accommodation, equipment, vehicles and all operating expenses related to project
management.
35. The project management component also includes allowances for contracted
studies undertaken by third parties, which are intended to cover baselines, impact
evaluations and special subject studies. In addition there are allowances for undertaking the
project mid-term and completion assessments, which would be undertaken by project staff
assisted by consultants. The estimated cost of this component is $2.56 million.
(ii) Institutional Strengthening for IWRM
36. This component is designed to address the shortcomings of the current institutional
arrangements that are characterized by highly sectoral division of work and lack of
coordination, as well as weak enforcement. In most cases, the regulatory frameworks and
standards are generally in place (e.g. for pollution control). This component, through various
interventions will pave the way for improved overall capacity to manage environmental
quality in the basin. The long term environmental impact is positive and highly significant.
37. It will focus in strengthening and coordinating the work of various institutions
involved with: (i) influence of land use on water demand, flooding and river water quality (e.g.
1
The staffing and responsibilities of the different management units are described under “Implementation
Arrangements”.
urbanization, transition from agriculture, land use zoning); (ii) balancing demand and supply
side solutions to meet water demand; (iii) influence of land use practices in catchments on
sustainability of reservoirs; (iv) effect of groundwater over-pumping on access by the poor
and cost of abstraction, land subsidence and contamination of aquifers; (v) influence of
waste and wastewater disposal practices on suitability of water for downstream supplies,
cost of treatment, public health, river ecosystem, groundwater quality; (vi) inequity of
upstream and downstream supply; (vii) insufficient maintenance increases risk of canal
breach and interruption of water supply to strategic centres (e.g. Jakarta) and consequent
economic loss; (viii) trade off between revenue generation from hydropower and other non-
revenue earning use (e.g. dry season irrigation); and (iv) link between Government Policy on
absence of irrigation fees and sustainability of infrastructure. The estimated cost of this
component is $2.40 million.
(iii) Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater Management for

Bandung.
38, This component will focus on development of water supply options for
Bandung, specifically to address its over-dependence on groundwater. The emphasis will
be on finding alternative surface water source for industries currently mining the area’s
deep groundwater. The long term objective is to enable groundwater levels to recover.
This will reduce the cost of pumping water for domestic use. Re-allocating groundwater
away from industry is also economically advantageous as the cost of treating water for
industrial requirements is less than for domestic use.
39. It will formulate an action plan to increase the use of surface water for Bandung while
reducing its reliance on groundwater. In addition, 236 villages (with a population of 20,000)
will be supplied with clean water, sanitation facilities and solid waste disposal. The economic
benefits of providing clean water and sanitation facilities are high. The World Bank estimates
that the returns from such project are 5 to 20 times the actual investments1. The estimated
cost of this component is $4.81 million.
(iv) Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal (WTC)
40. The main construction items includes the cost of excavation/dredging,

rehabilitation of embankment slopes, concrete lining above culvert, and construction of side
drains, siphon, link canal, separation wall and bridges. The major cost items for hydro-
mechanical works are for the Curug pumping station and the Cibbet weir gate and flushing
gate. The estimated cost of this component is $42.93 million.
(v). Roll Out System Rice Intensification in Three Districts
41. SRI differs from the normal irrigated rice system in that it only requires intermittent
rather than continuous flooding. In this system, the soil is only kept moist and periodically
aerated. This results in a water savings of 40 to 50% and with water becoming a scare
commodity; it is likely that this system will be more widely accepted in the future.
42. Together with the reduction in water requirements, the new technology requires
changes in cultivation method comprising of: (i) selecting only strong seeds and planting
them in plastic trays; (ii) transplanting seedlings to field after 8 to 15 days; (iii) planting
seedlings at 30cm spatial intervals; (iv) providing a ditch at the perimeter of plot to drain
excess water; (v) reducing the amount of water use to only wet the soil to a depth of 2 cm;
(vi) increasing the use of organic fertilizer (in conjunction with reduced levels of chemical
1
World Bank, 2004. Global Analysis on Sanitation Investments.
fertilizer) to improve the soil structure; (vii) reducing the use of chemicals since the stronger
plants are less susceptible to pest and diseases; (viii) increasing weeding rounds by
compacting the soil 4 times per crop; and (ix) providing intermittent water supply. The main
impact of these changes is the increase in rice yield by 50 to 100% and increasing the labor
requirements by 25 to 50%.
43. This system was first tested and evaluated by the Agency for Agricultural
Research and Development (AARD) in Sukamandi in West Java in 1999. Paddy yields in this
trial increased by 50% in the first year (from 4.1t/ha to 6.2t/ha) and by 100% in the second
year. In 2002 to 2004, the MOA expanded this test to 200 locations. The results of testing in
Eastern Indonesia in over 1,350 ha showed that paddy yields have consistently increased by
more than 180%. Within the project area, the Department of Agriculture, Bandung, has
successfully implemented this system to 340 ha of farmers fields in 2005 and their program
for 2006 is to expand this system to an additional 400 ha. For 2007, the DGLW of MOA is
implementing this program for 3,000 ha in 14 provinces.
44. The main impediment to implement SRI to a larger area is the lack of funds to
support a training program to assist farmers to adopt this system. The cost of this training
program including demonstration farm and providing some material inputs to farmers is
estimated at Rp3.5 to Rp4.0 million/ha.
45. The objective of the SRI component in this project is to accelerate the adoption of
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the project area. Some 10,000 ha of paddy land will
be targeted under this project. The component will: (i) increase rice yield by an average of
45% (from 5.5 to 8.0 t/ha); (ii) reduce the need for irrigation water by 45% (from 18,000 to
11,700 m3/ha1); (iii) increase labor use by 36% (from 70 to 95 person day/ha); (iv) increase
total cost of production by 31% (from Rp3.26 to Rp4.28 million/ha); (v) increase net income
by 56% (from Rp4.54 to Rp7.06 million/ha) and increase gross margin by 50% (from Rp6.29
to Rp9.44 million/ha). The comparative data for the paddy crop grown under flooded
irrigation and SRI is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Comparison between Irrigated and SRI Paddy

Unit per hectare
Item Unit Irrigated SRI %
Paddy Rp Change
Person
Labor requirement day 70 95 36%
Labor cost million Rp 1.75 2.38 36%
Fertilizer cost
- Chemical million Rp 0.71 0.32 -55%
- Organic million Rp 0.00 1.00
Total fertilizer cost million Rp 0.71 1.32 87%
Total cost million Rp 3.26 4.28 31%
Yield Ton 5.50 8.00 45%
Net income million Rp 4.54 7.06 56%
Benefit/cost ratio Unit 2.39 2.65 11%
Return/person day Rp 89,863 99,341 11%
46. This SRI component will be implemented in 3,000 ha in Bekasi district, 3,000 ha in
Karawang district and 4,000 ha in Bandung district. A total of 20,000 farmers will benefit from
this sub-project. A total of 20,000 farmers will benefit from this component.
1
JWRMP Study, 1998.
47. The overall savings in water requirement from this sub-project is 63 million m3/year
valued at Rp15.75 billion (at Rp250/m3 or the same rate as charged for raw water) or $1.70
million per year. This is equivalent to $170/ha/year as compared to the implementation cost
of $417/ha. This savings in water is not included as a project benefit for the SRI component
as this benefit is included in the raw water sold for DMI uses. However it is important to note
that the water savings benefits from adopting SRI is sufficient to justify its adoption even if
there is no significant increase in crop yield. The estimated cost of this component is $4.17
million or $417 per ha.
(vi) Support for Community and NGO-driven Initiatives for Improved Water and
Catchment Management
48. The main objective of this component is to improve public health and reduce
waterborne diseases in rural riparian communities in the upper catchments and along the
WRC. This improvement will be brought about by providing these communities with the
opportunity to install potable water supply and hygienic sanitation facilities. At the same time,
the capacity of participating communities will be enhanced to a level that enables effective
development and implementation of village action plan. The estimated cost of this
(vii) Development and Implementation of a Basin Water Quality Improvement

Strategy and Action Plan
49. Under this component, the basin will be divided into several water quality
management areas; each with its specific nature and problem. The control strategies and
water quality parameters monitored for each area would be dictated by the characteristics of
the area and the dominant source. In each area, stakeholders will effectively participate in
drawing up and implementing solutions.
50. In area with high industrial industries (such as Bandung and Bekasi), an area
action plan will be drawn up to deal with pollution problems at the source. Such plans would
be oriented around combination of strategies that involve expansion of cooperation schemes
under PROKASIH PROPER, strengthening of regulatory (command-and-control) systems,
and use of incentives.
51. The environmental impact of this component, although indirect, is highly

significant and long lasting. A number of mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce
the pollution and silt load in the river system. This will lead to improvement in the quality of
river water and reduce the cost of water treatment. Public toilets located in the canals will be
relocated with the human waste treated in septic tanks. The estimated cost of this
(viii) Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchment
52. The Project will take advantage of opportunities to expand design to generate
complementary environmental benefits, i.e., rehabilitating degraded land and promoting
biodiversity. Along this line, “re-greening” of watersheds will be planned so as to provide the
best long-term possibility to protect the water resource quality and quantity and at the same
time helping restore other landscape ecological functions. This is based on the premise that
the most effective watershed rehabilitation strategies are those that re-establish basic
ecosystem processes.
53. This component aims to reduce threats to protected areas in the Citarum River
Basin and their surrounding landscape by engaging nearby villages in both improved
conservation practice and land stewardship. It will encourage community based reforestation
of degraded public lands throughout the Citarum River Basin, including government
degraded lands, especially on steep mountain slopes, riparian, road and watershed
boundary zones, spring catchments and by ‘enrichment’ of village gardens and other village
lands. It will improve land stewardship through both implementation of village conservation
action plans and through community education programs targeted at villages and schools.
54. Reforestation and other land conservation measures by model conservation

villagers of Perum Perhutani degraded lands around PAs and throughout the CRB, will assist
abate serious upland erosion and reduce sediment loads in streams that are ultimately
carried to the water reservoirs that provide 80% of the water requirements of Jakarta. The
expected life of these reservoirs will be extended and water quality improved, benefiting
aquatic fauna. It will also, when combined with the ‘enrichment of village gardens with a
greater variety of perennial plants.
55. A total of 36,000 farmers will be assisted to plant fruit trees and other economic
crops in their riverine areas to reduce soil erosion and to restore the fertility and productivity
of their farm land. The loss in agricultural productivity caused by soil erosion has been
estimated at 4 to 7% per year1. The estimated cost of this component is $8.04 million.
(ix) Project Area Management (Biodiversity) Phase 1
56. This component will conserve the unique internationally important biological
diversity found in the Citarum River Basin remnant patches of the West Java Montane Forest
type. It will establish protocols and models of best conservation management design and
practice in an Indonesian Model National Park and a variety of other protected area types,
and leverage these practices to other Indonesian protected areas. This component will also
promote alternative funding mechanisms for biodiversity conservation management in the
Citarum River Basin upper watersheds.
57. Sustainable financing mechanisms through payments for environmental services

(PES) schemes will be developed to sustain biodiversity conservation and sustainable land
management. PES is appropriate in the CRB considering the strong upstream-downstream
linkages. The success of PES will have impact on protection of upland watershed functions,
including benefits for biodiversity.
58. Seven model villages will be assisted to implement action plan to promote the
regeneration of their flora and fauna. A total of 1,000 farmers will participate in this
component. The estimated cost of this component is $4.10 million (Table 11).
(x) Program Preparation for Tranche 2
59. This component will fund several feasibility studies and planning for
implementation of Tranche 2. The estimated cost of this component is $1.04 million.
1
ADB, 1996. Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impact, page 238.
G. Total Project Cost and Financing Plan
60. The estimated total investment cost for Tranche 1, including contingencies and
IDC for the Project is $97.31 million. The total base cost is estimated at $78.04 million while
the total base cost with contingencies is $93.25 million (Table 4).
Table 4: Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for Tranche 1

(million)
Expenditure
by
Project Components Total Financier
ADB -
Million $ ADB -TA GEF Loan GOI
1. Program Management 2.57 2.57

2. Institutional Strengthening for IWRM 2.40 2.40
3. Water Supply Options for Bandung /a 4.81 3.08 1.73
4. Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal 42.93 27.48 15.46
5. Roll Out of System Rice Intensification /b 4.17 2.67 1.50
6. \Improved Water and Catchment Management /c 5.64 3.61 2.03
7.Basin Water Quality Improvement Strategy /d 6.42 4.11 2.31
8. Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchment 4.04 4.04
9. Project Area Management Biodiversity Phase 1 4.02 4.02
10. Program Preparation for Tranche 2 1.04 1.04
Total Base Cost 78.04 3.44 8.06 40.94 25.60

Physical Contingencies 3.90 3.90
Price Contingencies 11.31 11.31
Total Base Cost and Contingencies 93.25 3.44 8.06 56.15 25.60
Interest During Implementation 2.87 2.87
Commitment Charges 1.19 1.19
ADB and GOI Share of non-grant project cost 100% 70% 30%
Full name of components

a. Water Supply Options and Improved Ground Water Management for Bandung
b. Roll Out of System Rice Intensification in Three Districts
c. Support for Community and NGO Driven Initiative for Improved Water and Catchment Management
d. Development and Implementation of a Basin Water Quality Improvement Strategy and Action Plan
61. It is estimated that ADB loan will be $60.22 million or 70% of the non-grant
project cost while the GOI will provide $25.60 (30%). The proposed financing arrangements
at this stage are very tentative and variable and will be firmed up at Appraisal.
62. The total project base cost is $73.19 million and the total cost with contingencies
is $86.31 million. Canal rehabilitation is the largest component representing 55% of the base
cost.
H. Income With and Without Project1
63. The total of 46,000 paddy farmers, each with an average holding of 0.5 ha, will
benefit from this Project. Some 26,000 farmers will benefit from having irrigation facilities
which will enable them to plant paddy in their existing holding instead of their current practice
of cultivating dryland crop. Another 20,000 farmers will benefit from the SRI program which
will raise their paddy yield from the existing level of 5.5 tons to 8.0 tons/ha.
64. System of Rice Intensification. Currently, the average farm family with 0.5 ha of
paddy land (cropped twice yearly) earn an income of Rp7.8 million/year from sale of his
paddy crop, Rp0.5 million from sale of other farm produce and receives Rp1.0 million from
off-farm work for a total gross income of Rp9.3 million (Table 5). Deducting Rp2.0 million for
farm expenses, his yearly net income is Rp7.3 million or Rp1.8 million per capita or 20%
above the poverty income level2 per family. The landless laborer who forms 25% of the farm
population currently earns only Rp4.0 million or 33% below the poverty line income. The
average per capita income for the farming community is Rp1.6 million or 7% above the
poverty line.
65. With Project, the farmer annual net income will be raised to Rp10.1 million with
80% of this income derived from his paddy crop. This income is 40% above the poverty line
income assuming that the poverty line income is raised by 20 percent above the existing
level. Similarly, the landless laborer income, with additional work from the SRI paddy
cultivation will be raised to Rp5.5 million or 25% below the poverty level.
66. With project, the paddy farmer and the community net income will be raised by
38% with the poverty incidence reduced from the current level of 20% to less than 10%.
67. New Irrigated Areas. Currently, the average farm family earn an income of
Rp5.6 million/year from sale of his dryland crop such as corn, Rp0.5 million from sale of other
farm produce and receives Rp1.0 million from off-farm work for a total gross income of Rp7.1
million (Table 6). Deducting Rp1.5 million for farm expenses, his yearly net income is Rp5.6
million or Rp1.4 million per capita or 7% below the poverty income level per family. The
landless laborer who forms 25% of the farm population currently earns only Rp4.0 million or
33% below the poverty line income. The average per capita income for the farming
community is Rp1.3million or 13% below the poverty line.
68. With Project, the farmer annual net income will be raised to Rp7.8 and this
income will place just marginally (4%) above the poverty line income. Similarly, the landless
laborer income, with additional work from the paddy cultivation will be raised to Rp5.5 million
or 25% below the poverty level.
69. With project, the paddy farmer and the community net income will be raised by
38% with the poverty incidence reduced from the current level of 25% to less than 15%.
I. Financial and Economic Analysis
(i) Benefits Considered in Economic Analysis
70. The main quantifiable benefits are those arising from: (i) the additional 19.6
m3/sec of water for Jakarta, Curug and Bekasi: and (ii) the additional 4.5 m3/sec of water for
paddy cultivation.
1
Preliminary figures which will be updated after the results of the socio-economic survey are completed.
2
The national poverty line income in 2006 is Rp1.5 million per capita per year or Rp6.0 million ($645) per
year for a family of 4.0 members (Source: Badan Pusat Statistik. 2003, figures adjusted to 2006 prices).
71. Additional Water for Domestic, Municipality and Industrial Use (DMI). Some
10m3/sec of water will be available to meet the domestic need of some 4.5 million additional
residents1 of Jakarta and Bekasi. Currently piped water is priced at a range of Rp800 to
Rp10,000 per m3: the lower rate for low income areas, and the highest rate for high rise
buildings with an average water charge of Rp5,923/m3 or Rp5.9/litre. Many of the middle and
high income families rely on bottle water which priced at about Rp1,000 to Rp2,000/lite. The
poor are not able to purchase bottle water and must rely mainly on piped water, canal or
groundwater for their daily need.
72. The rest of the additional water (9.6m3/sec) will be used mainly to meet the needs
of the industrial sector. Water is an essential input for virtually all industries; in particular the
textile, food and service sectors. Without the additional water, growth of these industries will
be severely curtailed.
73. The financial price of raw water sold to PDAM Jaya and other users is Rp87/m3.
Raw water charges are currently heavily under-priced at less than 35% of its O&M cost. For
the financial and economic analysis, the average water tariff used is the proposed rate of
Rp250/m3.
1
Assuming a water requirement of 200 litres/person/day.
Table 5 : Farmers Income With and Without Project - Rp
System Rice Intensification Project
Farmers
Land
Items Owner Labor Total
75% 25% 100%
Without Project - 2007
Income
1. Farm Income
Paddy 5.5 ton at Rp1.42 million/ton 7,810,000 5,857,500
Other Farm Income 500,000 375,000
2. Off-farm Income 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000
Labor at Rp25,000/day *120 days 3,000,000 750,000
Gross Income 9,310,000 4,000,000 7,982,500
Farm Expenses 2,000,000 1,500,000
Net Income 7,310,000 4,000,000 6,482,500
Number family members 4.00 4.00 4.00
Per capita income 1,827,500 1,000,000 1,620,625
With Project - 2015

1. Farm Income
2. Off-farm Income 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
Labor at Rp25,000/day *160 days 4,000,000 1,000,000
Gross Income 13,560,000 5,500,000 11,545,000
Farm Expenses 3,500,000 2,625,000
Net Income 10,060,000 5,500,000 8,920,000
Net Income/capita 2,515,000 1,375,000 2,230,000
% Increase With Project
Gross Income 146 138 145

Net Income 138 138 138
Net Income/capita 138 138 138
Table 6 : Farmers Income With and Without Project - Rp
Paddy Double Cropping Project
Farmers
Land
Items Owner Labor Total
80% 20% 100%
Without Project - 2007
Income
1. Farm Income
Perwija crop - 5 ton corn at Rp1.115
million/ton 5,575,000 4,181,250
2. Off-farm Income 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000
Labor at Rp25,000/day *120 days 3,000,000 750,000
Gross Income 7,075,000 4,000,000 6,306,250
Farm Expenses 1,500,000 1,125,000
Net Income 5,575,000 4,000,000 5,181,250
With Project - 2015

1. Farm Income
2. Off-farm Income 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
Labor at Rp25,000/day *160 days 4,000,000 1,000,000
Gross Income 10,010,000 5,500,000 8,882,500
Farm Expenses 2,500,000 1,875,000
Net Income 7,510,000 5,500,000 7,007,500
% Increase With Project
Gross Income 141 138 141

Net Income 135 138 135
Net Income/capita 135 138 135
74. Water for Additional Paddy Cultivation. The rehabilitation of WTC will provide
sufficient water to cultivate 117,600 ha of paddy as compared with 91,800 ha in the without
project situation. This will increase paddy cropping intensity from 1.53 to 1.93. The Project
will increase the annual paddy cropped area by 25,800 ha by 2025. A total of 25,800
farmers, each cultivating (2 crops per year) an average of 0.5 ha of paddy land will benefit
from this increase in crop area.
(ii) Economic Analysis
75. Based on the above, the project wide FIRR and EIRR calculations have taken
into account the incremental benefits and costs in an aggregated cash flow, built up in line
with physical achievements by year and the phasing of benefits. The project financial internal
rate of return (FIRR) and economic internal rate of return (EIRR) was estimated at 16.3%
and 19.3% respectively.
76. The FIRR and EIRR sensitivities were examined for: (i) changes in project cost
(10% higher), (ii) revenue (10% lower), and (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). (Table 7). The
results of this analysis show that the project is still viable under these all these unfavourable
situations.
Table 7. Project EIRR, FIRR and Sensitivity Analysis
Project
Item
FIRR(%) EIRR(%)
Base Case 16.3 19.3
Capital Cost + 10 % 15.0 17.7
Benefit – 10% 14.6 17.5
Capital Cost +10% 13.4 15.9
(iii) Switching Valve
77. The switching values of the main project variables are shown in Table 8. This
indicates that the project will remain economically viable at an EIRR of 12.0% even if one of
these important variable are changed by: (i) project cost raised by 58%; (ii) incremental
benefits reduced by 37%; (iii) proposed water tariff rate reduced by 68%; and (iv) reduction in
proposed increased in paddy cropped area by 80%.
Table 8. Switching Value
Item FIRR EIRR
Increase in Project Cost 37.0 58.0
Shortfall in Incremental
Benefits 24.0 37.0
% Reduction in Water Tariff 42.0 68.0
% Reduction in Cropped Area 60.0 80.0
Note : Switching Value for IRR = 12%

(iv) Weighted Average Cost of Capital
76. The nominal weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 6.0% which is
considerably lower than the project FIRR of 19.3 percent (Table 9).
Table 9: Weighted Cost of Capital
Project
A. Share of debt (%) 70.00

B. Share of ADB's loan in debt (%) 60.00
C. Interest rate of ADB loan
(%) 6.00
D. Share of domestic bank in debt (%) 10.00
E. Interest rate of domestic bank loan (%) 16.00
F. Cost of equity (%) 12.00
G. Inflation rate (%) 6.00
F. Average interest rate of debt (%) 5.20
(B*C+D*E)
G. Norminal WACC (%) 6.04
H. Real WACC (%) 0.04
77. Table 10 and 11 show the detailed cost for FIRR and EIRR analysis for Tranche 1.
J. Multitranche Financing Facility Program
78. The estimated total investment cost for MFF, including contingencies and IDC for
the Project is $830.13 million (Table 12).
Table 12: Cost Estimates and Financing Plan for MFF
(million)
Expenditure
by
Tranche Total Financier
Co- ADB -
Million $ ADB -TA financier Loan GOI
A. Tranche 1 - 2007 to 2011 97.31 3.44 8.06 60.22 25.60
B. Tranche 2 - 2009 to 2015

1. Upgrading Water Source for Bandung 190.00 10.00 66.24 113.76
2. System Service Improvement - East Tarum Canal 61.53 24.69 36.84
3. Roll Out of Rice Intensification - Phase 2 5.00 2.01 2.99
4. Other Components 19.10 4.00 5.00 10.10
Sub-Total 372.10 4.00 15.00 199.51 153.59
C. Tranche 3 - 2013 to 2017
1. System Service Inprovement - North Tarum Canal 55.60 22.31 33.29
2. Upgrading of Water Source for Irrigation (Upper
Cipunegara) 60.00 10.00 50.00
3. Curug Run of the River Power Plant 6.00 2.41 3.59
4. Other Components 15.50 4.00 5.00 6.50
Sub-Total 185.09 4.00 15.00 129.20 36.88
D. Tranche 4 - 2017 TO 2021
1. Rising of Cirata Dam 20.10 8.07 12.03
2. Cisankuy Irrigation Improvement 56.00 5.00 17.47 33.53
3. Bulk Water Supply Options for Bekasi and Karawang 50.00 10.00 40.00
4. Other Components - Tranche 4 4.00 4.00
Sub-Total 175.64 4.00 15.00 111.07 45.56
ADB and GOI Share 100% 66% 34%
79. It is estimated that ADB loan will be $500 million (or 60% of the project cost),
ADB TA $15 million (2%), other co-financier contribution $53 million (6%) and GOI $262
million (32%).The proposed financing arrangements at this stage are very tentative and
variable and will be firmed up at Appraisal.
1. Economic Analysis for MFF
80. The project FIRR and EIRR calculations have taken into account the incremental
benefits and costs in an aggregated cash flow, built up in line with physical achievements by
year and the phasing of benefits. The project FIRR and EIRR was estimated at 12.3% and
17.0% respectively. This FIRR and EIRR are indicative figures and will be confirmed after the
feasibility studies identify the actual project cost and benefits. This analysis did not consider
the cost and benefit of the SRI component
Table 10: Financial Cost and Benefits of Tranche 1 Project – Rp Million
Year Program Inst Water WTC Com/NGO Water Degrated Biodiversity Tranche Total Total Net
Mag'ment Strength Option Initiative Quality Land 2 Cost Benefit Benefit
2,007 6,065 2,325 0 16,042 2,418 3,786 1,412 0 0 32,048 0 -32,048

-
2,008 4,281 10,323 23,831 21,828 5,175 23,020 20,650 18,917 4,849 132,874 0 132,874
-
2,009 4,807 4,929 18,637 131,291 6,419 7,063 45,780 10,583 4,789 234,298 0 234,298
-
2,010 4,807 2,604 2,297 165,662 21,589 12,206 6,900 8,688 0 224,753 68,872 155,881
2,011 3,906 2,139 0 89,226 16,830 13,645 0 0 0 125,746 83,658 -42,088
2,012 19,964 19,964 98,444 78,480
2,013 19,964 19,964 113,230 93,266
2,014 19,964 19,964 128,016 108,052
2,015 19,964 19,964 142,802 122,838
2,016 19,964 19,964 153,065 133,102
2,017 19,964 19,964 163,328 143,365
2,018 19,964 19,964 173,592 153,628
2,019 19,964 19,964 183,855 163,891
2,020 19,964 19,964 194,118 174,154
2,021 19,964 19,964 204,381 184,418
2,022 19,964 19,964 214,644 194,681
2,023 19,964 19,964 224,908 204,944
2,024 19,964 19,964 235,171 215,207
2,025 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,026 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,027 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,028 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,029 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,030 19,964 19,964 245,434 225,470
2,031 19,964 19,964 220,144 200,180
FIRR 16.28 %
NPV 197,933 million
1. Program Management
2. Institutional Strengthening for IWRM
3. Water Supply Options and Improved Ground Water Management for Bandung
4. Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal
6. Support for Community and NGO Driven Initiative for Improved Water and Catchment Management
7. Development and Implementation of a Basin Water Quality Improvement Strategy and Action Plan
8. Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchment
9. Project Area Management Biodiversity Phase 1
10. Program Preparation for Tranche 2
Table 11: Economic Cost and Benefits of Tranche 1 Project – Rp Million
Year Program Inst Water WTC Com/NGO Water Degrated Biodiversity Tranche Total Total Net
Mag'ment Strength Option Initiative Quality Land 2 Cost Benefit Benefit
2,007 5,459 2,093 0 14,438 2,176 3,407 1,271 0 0 28,843 0 -28,843

-
2,008 3,853 9,291 21,448 19,645 4,658 20,718 18,585 17,025 4,364 119,587 0 119,587
-
2,009 4,326 4,436 16,773 118,162 5,777 6,357 41,202 9,525 4,310 210,868 0 210,868
-
2,010 4,326 2,344 2,067 149,096 19,430 10,985 6,210 7,819 0 202,278 74,356 127,922
2,011 3,515 1,925 0 80,304 15,147 12,281 0 0 0 113,172 90,423 -22,749
2,012 17,967 17,967 106,489 88,522
2,013 19,964 19,964 122,556 102,592
2,014 19,964 19,964 138,622 118,658
2,015 19,964 19,964 154,689 134,725
2,016 19,964 19,964 165,411 145,447
2,017 19,964 19,964 176,133 156,170
2,018 19,964 19,964 186,856 166,892
2,019 19,964 19,964 197,578 177,615
2,020 19,964 19,964 208,301 188,337
2,021 19,964 19,964 219,023 199,059
2,022 19,964 19,964 229,745 209,782
2,023 19,964 19,964 240,468 220,504
2,024 19,964 19,964 251,190 231,227
2,025 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,026 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,027 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,028 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,029 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,030 19,964 19,964 261,913 241,949
2,031 19,964 19,964 232,031 212,067
FIRR 19.18 %
NPV 310,786 million
Annex 9 Proposed
Implementation Arrangements –
Tranche 1
Other Ministry of Ministry of National Water
Other Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Other
Ministries Mines and Public Bappenas Resources
Ministries Environment Health Agriculture Forestry
Ministries Energy Works Steering Committee
Roadmap Planning,
DG Director Director- Director- Monitoring and
IAARD DGWR
Watersheds General General General Coordination Unit
Balai Besar
PIU
PIU PIU PIU PIU PIU Directorate Program
of Irrigation PIU Management and
Coordination Unit
WTC Program
Consultants Consultants Consultants Consultants Consultants Mgt
Consultants
Consultants
National
Governor
West Java
Province
Provincial Provincial
Provincial Provincial West Java Provincial Mines and Water Provincial
Environmental Health AIAT Forestry Energy Resources Bappeda
Services Services Services Services Services
Consultants
Perhutani
Provincial
DistrictHeads
District Heads
District Heads
District District
District District District Mines and District
Water
Environmental Health Forestry Energy Bappeda
Resources
Services Services Services Services Service
Services
Receiving
Organisations
District
Organizational Structure of
NGOs, Project Implementation Units and
Communities, Civil Society Organisations
Community Project Management
Facilitators
Field
(Preliminary Draft)
Annex 9 Project Profiles –

Tranche 1
Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Project
Component Name Program Management
Project Area Citarum River Basin
Duration 54 months Part of MFF Yes Tranche All
Key Areas Addressed Program management, liaison and coordination
Estimated Cost USD 2.5 million
Implementing Agency Balai Besar
RATIONALE OBJECTIVE
The Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management The key objective of program management is the
Project is a 15 year, multi-sectoral project with a total effective implementation of Tranche 1 of the MFF.
cost of around $1 billion, planned to be used in four
tranches. The project consists of a large number of
component projects in different sectors, but there are COMPONENTS
many inter-relationships among them. This means
that strong coordination among the projects is • Monitoring and reporting of project
required, along with effective monitoring and reporting performance, including financial
mechanisms to allow GOI and ADB to ensure that the management
funds are being disbursed in accordance with the
plans and in a timely way. In addition, information • Liaison with executing agencies and other
exchange among the component projects will improve relevant stakeholders
performance overall, and minimise wasted effort • Coordination among component projects
caused by overlaps.
The inherent flexibility in the MFF modality adds • Identification of the need for and
additional complexity to the ICWRMP. After Tranche coordination of implementation of minor
1, the indicative project plans initially approved may be studies (up to $400,000 total) to improve
modified to some extent in the light of changing knowledge of water issues in CRB
circumstances and needs. • Capacity building for NGOs involved in the
Also, the stakeholders of this project are many and component projects of Tranche 1
varied, from both the public and private sector, and
there is an emphasis on community-driven activities to • Coordination of preparation for Tranche 2
ensure that interventions lead to outcomes that deliver
community needs. Meaningful liaison with these
stakeholders will be essential for project success. In
addition, a mechanism for ensuring that approved
recommendations of the Project Steering Committee
are implemented within the component projects is
required.
An effective management group needs to be formed to
undertake these broad program management tasks.
This is to consist of a small consulting team of
international and national consultants, together with
relevant technical staff seconded from the
implementing agencies. A contract will initially be let
for the program management for Tranche 1 only.
1
Component Name West Tarum Canal Rehabilitation Project
Project Area West Java - Kabupaten Karawang and Bekasi
Duration 54 months Part of MFF Yes Tranche 1
Key Areas Addressed Irrigation & DMI demand, O&M, water quality, institutional, environmental,
resettlement
Implementing Agency Balai Besar (under Ministry of Public Works)
RATIONALE OBJECTIVES
Deforestation, urbanisation and industrial development The general objective is:
in (i) the catchment area of the Cikao (Purwakarta), a Design and implementation of all civil works,
tributary that enters the Citarum just upstream of West hydro-mechanical equipment, pollution prevention
Tarum Canal (WTC) intake at Curug weir; and (ii) the measures, institutional and financial settings to
catchments of rivers intercepted by the WTC, being improve the water quality of the WTC and to
the Cibeet, Cikarang and Kali Bekasi have caused an establish a reliable and sustainable conveyance
increase of the erosion rate, occurrence of flash floods, and supply system that can meet the water quality
and uncontrolled discharge of untreated waste water standards and the water demand for irrigation and
and garbage, resulting in deterioration of the water domestic, municipal and industrial purposes (DMI)
quality in the WTC and its feeding rivers. up to 2025.
Urbanisation and industrial development in the region
along the WTC, particularly between Cikarang and COMPONENTS
Jakarta, dumping of waste, construction of make-shift
toilets in the canal and the drains discharging in the tail A. Project Management
end of the WTC are sources of a further decrease of B. Consulting Services DED comprising a.o. :
the water quality - Feasibility study Cikarang and Cibeet bypass.
Lack of operational and maintenance staff, adequate - Detailed design canal and related structures.
maintenance equipment and materials and the limited - Topo surveys and geotechnical investigations.
financial resources of PJT-II, have caused excessive - Hydrometric and sediment sampling program.
sedimentation in certain canal reaches; malfunctioning - Hydrological study Cibeet, Cikarang & Bekasi.
of control and measuring gates in cross regulators and - Satellite image interpretation for irrigation areas.
irrigation offtakes; and damaged trash racks and other
- Preparation of peak water demand model.
hydro-mechanical equipment. This has resulted in a
- Preparation of hydraulic canal model.
reduced conveyance capacity in some canal sections
- Detailed design of siphons & separation walls.
and difficulties in a proper operation of the water
- Improve canal operation and maintenance.
regulating and measuring structures.
- Refurbishment of hydro-mechanical equipment.
In order to overcome, or at least reduce, the above
- Prepare cost estimate and tender documents.
shortcomings to a manageable level, it is necessary to
- Pollution control and public awareness.
implement the recommendations for improvement of
- Study Institutional and legal framework of PJT-II.
institutional settings, rehabilitation works of canal and
- Analyse financial and revenue base of PJT-II.
related structures, installation of hydro-mechanical and
procurement of maintenance equipment, resulting from C. Construction of Civil Works of WTC and CFC
the West Tarum Canal Rehabilitation Project. - Canal excavation and dredging.
- Fill and slope stabilisation.
- Construction of siphons and partition walls.
- Bridges, maintenance road, drains, etc.
- Rehabilitation of canal structures.
D. Installation of hydro-mechanical equipment
- Refurbishment of eight (8) hydraulic pumps.
- Installation of control and measuring gates.
- Procurement and installation of trash racks.
- Replacement of spillway gates of Cibeet weir.
E. Workshops and Training of canal O&M
F. Resettlement of affected persons
1
Project Name Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification in Three Districts
Project Area West Java - Kabupaten Karawang and Bekasi
Duration 54 months Part of MFF Yes Tranche 1
Key Areas Addressed Reduce demand for water for rice irrigation, Increase availability of water for
DMI
Executing Agencies Ministry of Agriculture
RATIONALE OBJECTIVES
Currently, the annual irrigation water supplied to The objective is to accelerate the adoption of
57,000 ha of rice fields in WTC is about 1.57 billion m3 System of Rice Intensification (SMI) in the Project
or 27,600 m3/ha. The water used for irrigation is Area. Some 10,000 ha of paddy land will be
3
estimated at 6,000 m /ha for the main season and targeted under this project.
3
12,000 m /ha for the off-season giving a total of 18,000 The main impact of this sub-project are:
m3/ha/year. The irrigation efficiency is only 65%.
(i) Increase rice yield by 63%.
The adoption of the SMI will result in reducing the
water requirement from 18,000 m3/ha/year at present (ii) Reduce the need for irrigation water
to 11,700 m3/ha/year; a savings of 45%. by 45%.
The overall savings in water requirement from this (iii) Increase income of rice farmers by
sub-project is 63 million m3/year valued at Rp7.69 95%.
billion or $826,450. (iv) Increase labour use by 30%.
The SMI program will benefit from the infrastructure Sub-project will be implemented in 5,0000 ha in
improvements planned under this Project. These Bekasi district and 5,000 ha in Karawang district.
improvements will increase the reliability and A total of 20,000 farmers will benefit from this sub-
sustainability of the irrigation water conveyance. project.
However, there need to be more careful attention to
gate operation to maintain the desirable wet conditions
in the plot. COMPONENTS
The main features of the SMI are: (i) selecting only
strong seeds and planting them in plastic trays; (ii) A. Project Management comprising 5 field visits per
transplanting seedlings to field after 8 to 15 days; (iii) year.
planting seedlings at 30cm spatial intervals; (iv) B. Participatory Rural Appraisal for 3 districts and 16
providing a ditch at the perimeter of plot to drain sub-districts.
excess water; (v) reducing the amount of water use to
only wet the soil to a depth of 2 cm; (vi) increasing the C. Training of Trainers for 800 farm leaders.
use of organic fertilizer (in conjunction with reduced D. Training of Farmers for 20,000 farmers.
levels of chemical fertilizer) to improve the soil
structure; (vii) reducing the use of chemicals; (viii) E. Demonstration Plots – 80 plots.
weeding by compacting the soil 4 times per crop; and F. Farmer Empowerment – 660 sessions.
(ix) providing intermittent water supply.
G. Production of Organic Fertilizer – distribution of
This system leads to a 50 to 100% increase in rice
400 units
yield due to: (i) increased activity of aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria aiding vigorous plant growth; (ii) H. Decomposer – distribution of 10,000 kits
increased tillering; (iii) reducing damage caused by I. Seed Supply – distribution of 50,000 kg of selected
storm, pest and diseases; and (iv) reducing the seeds.
competition among seedlings for plant nutrients.
J. Monitoring and Evaluation – preparing 27 reports.
1
Project Name Community Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Project Area Riparian rural communities in the upper Citarum catchment and along the
West Tarum Canal (WTC)
Duration 36 months Part of MFF? Yes Tranche 1? Yes
Key Areas Addressed Community empowerment
Estimated Cost US$1.64 million
Implementing DG Human Settlements, MPW; Ministry of Health (EAs)
Agencies Provincial/Local Public Works Agencies; Provincial/Local Health Agencies;
NGOs, CBOs (IAs)
RATIONALE OBJECTIVE
From the brief discussions carried out during field visits, To improve public health and reduce waterborne
rural communities in the upper catchment and along the diseases in rural riparian communities in the upper
West Tarum Canal (WTC) seem to have adequate catchment and along the WTC, by improvements
drinking water supplies (from springs and shallow wells to water supply and sanitation.
respectively), and sanitation facilities, but a
comprehensive survey is needed to properly assess the
situation. Conditions are poor along the Citarum river COMPONENTS
south of Bandung city where there is considerable 1. Identification of potential NGOs who can
domestic and industrial pollution and most people facilitate participatory village/community
dispose of waste in traditional ways, including rivers. development planning focusing on issues of
Very often in this kind of environment there is a high environment, health and livelihoods,
incidence of waterbone and water-related disease as community participation in all project cycles.
poor people, and particularly children and women suffer 2. Socialization and awareness-raising about
most from using water unfit for human consumption and community health, hygiene, sanitation and
from poor hygiene practices and behavior. water supply, access, and quality. and
Any ICWRMP interventions should be community- assessment of needs.
driven, based on the processes developed under the 3. Selection of communities based on
ongoing WSLIC-II and CWSH projects and SANIMAS socioeconomic and health criteria and other
(Sanitasi Masyarakyat - community-based sanitation), indicators.
and using the resources of NGOs and CBOs active in 4. Formation of community implementation
the field. teams with members drawn from community
stakeholders in a transparent, inclusive, and
accountable manner.
5. Community problem identification and
analysis meetings to determine priority
problems and possible solutions, through
presentations of water supply and sanitation
options (informed choice menu*), investment
costs, O&M costs.
6. Provision of skills training based on
communities’ priorities, assets and needs to
generate income and employment
opportunities.
7. Provision of access to capital and markets to
directly implement skills acquired.
8. Formulation of community action plans and
proposals.
9. Disbursement of funds and construction of
approved water supply and sanitation
schemes, together with supporting
socialization and training activities.
10. Operation and maintenance of completed
schemes, and socialization and training
support on hygiene behavioural change.
1
(Preliminary Draft)
Annex 10 TOR for Tranche 1

Priority Components
West Tarum Canal Rehabilitation Project – TOR for Consultants
1. Objective of the Services

Design and implementation of all civil and hydro-mechanical works required to improve the water quality of
the WTC and to establish a reliable and sustainable conveyance and supply system that can meet the
water quality standards as well as the present and future water demand for irrigation and domestic,
municipal and industrial purposes (DMI).
Preparation of detailed design, engineers estimate, prequalification and tender documents for the (i)
proposed rehabilitation works for WTC and CFC to convey the future water demands; (ii) stabilisation of
the WTC banks in the head reach; (iii) Bekasi siphon to improve the quality of raw water for DMI supply;
(iv) closure and diversion of drainage inlets in WTC’s tail end reach; (v) WTC protection measures; and
based on the results of the feasibility study (vi) Cibeet Feeder Canal siphon and separation wall; (vii)
Cikarang siphon and separation wall.
2. Feasibility Components
The feasibility component comprises the following components:
(a) siphon, link canal and separation wall for the WTC-Cikarang crossing; and
(b) separation of CFC and WTC by separation wall and a siphon to BTb23.
3. Design Components
The main design components are:
(a) improvement of the conveyance capacity of the WTC and CFC by excavation and dredging works and
stabilization of the banks;
(b) propose and design appropriate measures for improvement of the operation and maintenance of
WTC, CFC and sediment traps;
(c) design of the Bekasi siphon and related hydro-mechanical equipment;
(d) design of Cikarang siphon, separation wall and related hydro-mechanical equipment, if feasible;
(e) design of CFC siphon, separation wall and related hydro-mechanical equipment, if feasible;
(f) investigate and propose rehabilitation works for existing canal crossings and design new bridges;
(g) determine condition of the hydraulic pumps in Curug and propose refurbishing works;
(h) inspect hydro-mechanical canal equipment, as gates, trash racks and spillway gates of Cibeet weir
and propose the necessary repair or replacement works; and
(i) prepare tender documents, specification and engineer’s cost estimate.
4. Scope of Works
4.1 General
The following scope of works has been formulated based on the results of the Integrated Citarum
Water Resources Management Project (ICWRMP) and other available information. Details of the
feasibility and design work as well as the corresponding activity and work schedule will be finalised in
the inception period.
4.2 Inception Phase

The Consultant will study and review the existing reports, data, field investigations, maps, surveys and
the institutional and regulatory conditions, which are relevant for the proper implementation of the
project. At an early stage in the inception period, details of field investigation such as additional data
collection, field surveys, mapping, geotechnical investigation and water quality assessment shall be
determined and subcontracts for the anticipated survey and investigation programmes should be
prepared
4.3 Feasibility Phase

To avoid that Cibeet and Cikarang water with high sediment loads is intercepted by the WTC, it is
1
proposed to construct bypasses through means of siphons and partition walls. However, in the
present situation the volume of water intercepted from the Cibeet and Cikarang for DMI purposes is
considerably less than the volume intercepted from the Bekasi river. Because, the estimated
construction cost of the Cibeet Feeder Canal bypass, and especially the Cikarang bypass, are
relatively high compared to the cost of the Bekasi siphon, it is required to carry out a feasibility study
for each crossing in which the option with siphon should be compared with the present situation and
proper maintenance of the sediment trap. Another parameter, which should be investigated are the
savings in water treatment cost by the use of “bypass” water or water released through the sediment
traps with proper maintenance with the present situation.
Based on the outcome of the feasibility study, prepare the detailed design of the proposed measures
for improvement of the water quality as further detailed in the Design Phase.
The scope of works for the feasibility study will comprise:
(a) Water quality WTC and intercepted rivers.
Collect and analyse all available water quality data of the WTC and intercepted rivers (Cibeet,
Cikarang and Bekasi), evaluate the existing water quality monitoring program of PJT-II.
(b) Treatment process and treatment cost WTPs along the WTC.
Evaluate the present water treatment process of Buaran treatment plant and other WTPs located
next to the WTC and analyse the cost of water treatment and the use of chemicals.
(c) Treatment process and treatment cost WTPs along the WTC.
Evaluate the effect of taking raw water from the WTC after construction of the “bypasses” or
introduction of improved operation of the sediment traps, on the water quality, use of chemicals
and costs of the treatment process.
(d) Water quality WTC and intercepted rivers.
Advise on application of various chemicals for the pre-treatment and treatment process of the
WTP, taking into account the present and improved water quality in the WTC.
(e) Feasibility study.
Carry out an economic and financial feasibility study for each separate bypass and for the option
that both bypasses are implemented, taking into account the present and improved water quality
of the WTC.
4.4 Design Phase

The scope of works for detailed design of the main rehabilitation and improvement works for the West
Tarum Canal and Cibeet Feeder Canal comprise the following components:
(A) Technical Issues

(a) improvement of canal capacity; (b) cleaning and operation of sediment traps; (c) Bekasi siphon; (d)
Cikarang siphon and separation wall, if feasible; (e) Cibeet Feeder Canal separation wall and siphon, if
feasible; (f) diversion of drainage inlets WTC reach Bekasi-Cawang; (g) stabilisation of canal banks
WTC reach Curug-Cibeet and construction of side drains; (h) rehabilitation and construction of canal
crossings and bridges; (i) water quality protection measures and public awareness; (j) refurbishment
and/or replacement of hydro-mechanical equipment. The following works should be carried out each
component:
(1) Undertake design level topographical surveys, geotechnical and soil investigations, hydrometric
surveys and sediment sampling.
(2) Carry out detail design based on relevant Indonesian and/or other international standards and
prepare the tender drawings;
(3) Prepare the bill of quantities, engineer’s cost estimate and a project implementation schedule; and
(4) Prepare prequalification documents and tender documents by packages as approved.
(B) Institutional Issues

The design phase will further include analyses and review of institutional and financial issues of Perum
Jasa Tirta II (PJT-II), before 1999 Perum Otorita Jatiluhur (POJ).
The scope of works for the design phase is detailed in the following paragraphs.
2
Technical Issues
(a) Determine water availability in Bekasi, Cikarang and Cibeet rivers.
Collect, update and analyse hydrologic data of the catchment areas of the Cibeet, Cikarang and
Bekasi rivers in order to determine (i) the reliable flows available for irrigation and DMI purposes;
and (ii) the supplemental flows from the WTC to the irrigation areas after construction of one or
more siphons to bypass flow interception from the 3 (three) rivers.
(b) Determine irrigation areas under command of WTC and CFC.
Determine the present irrigation areas under command of the West Tarum Canal (WTC) and
Cibeet Feeder Canal (CFC) by interpretation of aerial photographs and/or satellite images,
verified by field investigations. Investigate how much irrigated land served by the WTC system
has been taken out of production during the past years and estimate how much more irrigated
area is projected or expected to be converted to other forms of land use.
(c) Future DMI demand.
Analyse the present commitments of PJT-II for delivering raw water to (ex) PT Thames PAM Jaya
(TPJ), PDAM’s along the WTC and secondary canals and the various industrials estates and
discuss with the relevant authorities, private companies and private users the location of future
offtakes and projected raw water demand.
(d) Review water demand from WTC and CFC.
Review the water demand for present and future irrigation command areas of the WTC & CFC
and the raw water demand for domestic, municipal and industrial (DMI) purposes, which is now
supplied from the WTC as well as the future demand for the years 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2025.
Included in this review should be the existing and proposed agreements for raw water supply
between PJT-II and the PDAM’s and between PJT-II and other users in the private and industrial
sector.
(e) Flushing demand.
Investigate if regularly flushing of the rivers crossing the Bekasi-Cawang reach is still required. If
this is the case, consider the possibility to meet this demand by surcharging.
(f) Preparation of a water demand/canal capacity model.
Prepare and run a water demand model in order to determine the required design capacity of the
various canal reaches for the present and future water demands in the WTC and CFC. The
model shall at least include the following parameters: irrigated area, cropping pattern, golongan
system, efficiency, irrigation and DMI demand, location major offtakes, and inflow from crossing
rivers, situation with and without interception of water from these rivers.
(g) Hydraulic verification and estimation of seepage losses.
Undertake a hydraulic verification of the WTC and CFC conveyance capacity at critical reaches
and measure the canal seepage losses through field investigations and hydrometric surveys.
(h) Preparation of a hydraulic canal model.
Prepare and run a one-dimensional steady state hydraulic model of the WTC and CFC in order to
determine hydraulic gradients, effect of variations in water demands on water levels, required
capacity of security devices as emergency gates and spillways, offtake and cross regulator levels,
energy losses over cross structures, etc.
(i) Canal conveyance capacity.
Analyse if the conveyance capacity of the WTC and CFC is sufficient to meet the present and
future water demand and propose measures to improve, restore or increase the capacity by
means of surcharging, widening, deepening, lining, sheet piling, etc., if required.
(j) Investigate and improve canal operation and maintenance.
Survey and investigate all cross regulators, irrigation offtakes and other regulating structures and
determine the type and operation conditions of these structures. Undertake a study of the canal
gate system, propose and design improvements based on ease of operation, discharge
measurement and sediment distribution. Measures could include changes to the existing Romeijn
gate system or replacement with other types of gates. Examine alternative solutions for system
operation simplification and recommend the most suitable one for implementation. The study
should also cover PJT-II’s operational and maintenance staff, funds and equipment and present
recommendations for improvement measures of staff, equipment and required maintenance
budget.
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(k) Flow measurement.
Investigate how and when canal flows are measured including type and location of measurement
structure(s), status of structure, last time calibrated, reliability of Q-h curve and propose measures
for improvement, if required, as new calibration, additional measuring structures, measurement by
acoustic devices, etc.
(l) Sediment transport.
Carry out a sediment sampling programme in the WTC, CFC, crossing rivers and sediment traps
and determine the sediment balance of the WTC system in the cases with and without
interception of Cibeet, Cikarang and Bekasi flows.
(m) Operation and maintenance of sediment traps.
Investigate present operation and maintenance of the sediment traps in the WTC and CFC and, if
found to be inadequate, propose and design adequate measures for improvement based on the
results and conclusions of the sediment sampling programme.
(n) Design of Bekasi siphon.
Investigate the situation of the WTC level crossing with the Bekasi river and prepare the detailed
design of siphon and link canal to the WTC with appropriate trash racks, gates, flow measuring
devices, outlet gates to the Bekasi for additional supply to the North Bekasi Canal (NBC) and the
emergency spillway.
(o) Design of Cibeet and Cikarang crossings.
To avoid that Cibeet and Cikarang water with high sediment loads is intercepted by the WTC, it is
proposed to construct bypasses through means of siphons and partition walls. Based on the
results of the feasibility study, prepare the required detailed designs for the proposed measures to
improve the water quality in the WTC, being siphons, separation walls or improvement of
sediment trap maintenance.
(p) Stabilisation of canal banks and side drains.
Investigate the sliding problems of the canal bank in the reach between Curug and Cibeet,
propose and design measures to stabilise the canal banks. In some canal reaches, especially the
reaches in deep cut, erosion material will flow into the canal during the wet season. Propose and
design measures to prevent that runoff and erosion material from roads and slopes in deep cut
can enter the canal.
(q) Maintenance road.
Investigate the condition of the maintenance road along the right bank and propose and design
road improvement works, if required.
(r) Seepage losses at structures.
Investigate the occurrence and size of canal seepage losses at the major culverts, irrigation
offtakes, emergency spillways and other major structures. Propose and design improvement
measures, if required.
(s) Drainage inlets into the WTC.
Locate and survey all drainage inlets into the WTC and investigate measures to isolate and divert
the drainage flows into natural drains or proposed parallel drains. Especially, measures are
required in the section Bekasi-Jakarta and in other sections of the WTC passing through urban
areas and which are vulnerable to pollution.
(t) Toll road along Bekasi-Cawang.
Due technical consideration shall be given to the alignment of the proposed Bekasi-Cawang toll
road, with respect to implications in design of the rehabilitation works for the section Bekasi-
Cawang.
(u) Canal crossings.
Survey and locate all canal crossings as bridges, cross regulators, makeshift bridges and small
ferries. Analyse the status of the crossing structures and the degree of obstruction to canal flows.
Propose measures and carry out detail design for improvement, rehabilitation, widening, removal
or new crossings, as appropriate.
(v) Spoil dump areas and dredging method.
Investigate locations for possible spoil dumps required to receive material from canal excavation
and dredging and cleaning of the sediment traps. Investigate and advise on the most suitable
dredging methods and equipment, allowing for use of the same or similar equipment during later
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maintenance and allowing for constraints in available work space and spoil dump areas. Prepare
cost estimate and specifications on dredging works and especially on the method of measurement
and payment.
(w) Cikao pollution control.
Review and update the hydrologic data of the Cikao; analyse the river flows and water quality;
and identify existing and potential future sources of water pollution and composition of their
effluent. Propose measures to either improve the Cikao river water quality by treatment of effluent
entering the Cikao both in the short and in the long term or to isolate the Cikao flow from the
Citarum through measures as separation of the flow of the Cikao and Citarum during the dry
season. Investigate the possibility of introducing a public awareness program concerning river
pollution and garbage collection.
(x) Pollution control and public awareness.
Investigate the canal reaches passing through urban and industrial areas that are vulnerable to
pollution and propose pollution control measures. These measures could include construction of
drains parallel to the WTC, canal fencing and improvement of existing fencing, construction of
concrete vehicle barriers on the canal side of all roads with public access, covering of the canal,
construction of garbage containers, construction of MCKs, regulatory measures, etc. Investigate
the possibility of introducing a public awareness program concerning pollution and use of WTC
water, use of MCKs and garbage collection.
(y) Encroachment in the Right of Way (RoW) of WTC.
Survey and record nature and type of encroachment in the RoW of the WTC and the issues
related to relocation of squatters and infrastructure in the RoW. Propose measures to relocate
people and infrastructure from the WTC RoW area.
(z) Resettlement and compensation, if required.
If resettlement of the squatters living in the RoW is required, address the institutional issues of
how preparation and implementation of resettlement will be undertaken, how it will be funded,
what skills are required and where that capacity is to be found and develop a Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP).
(aa) Capacity of Hydraulic Pumping Station at Curug (CHPS).
Determine the overall capacity of the pumps in the Curug hydraulic pumping station, especially
the nine (9) pumps that have recently been refurbished, and check whether the capacity is
sufficient to cope with the present and future water demands and the possible additional hydraulic
head losses in the WTC. Determine the effect of possible surcharging of the WTC on the pump
operation and the effect of the water level downstream of Curug weir on the pump efficiency.
(ab) Hydro-mechanical equipment in WTC.
Investigate the condition of present hydro-mechanical equipment in the WTC system, comprising
trash racks, water level control and measuring gates, flushing gates, and propose refurbishment,
repair or replacement of the equipment as appropriate. Prepare the design of all hydro-
mechanical equipment required for the proposed new siphons.
(ac) Spillway gates Cibeet weir.
Inspect the 3 (three) gates of the Cibeet weir and evaluate the operation conditions of the gates,
which were installed more than 50 years ago. Prepare specifications and a cost estimate for
repair, rehabilitation or replacement for the gates and appurtenant electro-mechanical equipment,
as appropriate.
(ad) Detailed design and cost estimate.
Prepare detailed design, tender drawings, cost estimates and implementation schedules for the
proposed WTC rehabilitation and improvement works.
Institutional Issues
(ae) Legal Framework PJT-II.
Study and review the legal framework of PJT-II and suggest changes, if deemed necessary,
based on the future role of PJT-II in basin water resources management.
(af) Revenue base of PJT-II.
Review PJT-II’s revenue base and suggest, based on cost recovery concept, strengthening PJT-II
revenue, also propose an institutional study component for development of PJT-II based on its
revised role and responsibility.
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(ag) Financial situation of PJT-II.
Study PJT-II's financial situation, especially the revenue side of its finance should be focused on,
which shall include (i) rates for bulk raw water supply to (ex) PT Thames PAM Jaya (TPJ) and
other private and public customers; (ii) the kWh price of power supplied to PLN and generated at
the Jatiluhur dam; and (iii) other revenue sources.
5. Study Requirement
The West Tarum Canal Rehabilitation study is divided into the following three phases: (i) inception phase;
(ii) feasibility phase of possible Cibeet and Cikarang bypasses; and (iii) detailed design phase. Detailed
design of the selected option for the Cibeet and Cikarang crossing will start after the feasibility phase,
while detailed design of the other canal rehabilitation and improvement works will start after the inception
phase.
To undertake the WTC Rehabilitation project the Ministry of Public Works will engage the services of a
consulting firm or firms through requirement procedures as stipulated in the Government regulation and
acceptable to the Bank. It is anticipated that a total of 122 person-months of professional staff will be
required comprising 47 person-months of International professional staff and 75 person-months of
National professional staff. Further, about 50 person-months of sub-professional staff and technical staff
and 60 person-months of supporting staff will be required.
The topographic surveys, geotechnical investigations, hydrometric surveys and sediment sampling
programme for the feasibility and design phase will be undertaken through LCB subcontracts, which will
be supervised by the Consultants.
5. Surveys and Investigations

In order to obtain reliable field data required for a proper feasibility study and detailed design, it is
anticipated that the following surveys and investigations have to be carried out under subcontracts with
third parties:
(1) topographic survey programme on detailed design level comprising (i) a strip survey of canals and
adjacent terrain, levelling and measurement of cross sections of the WTC, CFC and the sediment
traps; (ii) detailed surveys of the site and rivers proposed for implementation of siphons and major
structures, and (iii) survey of the land selected for spoil dumps. The results of the programme will at
least include cross sections at intervals of 100 m of the WTC and CFC, longitudinal profiles of the
canal bottom and each embankment, strip plans of the canals and detailed site maps at scale 1:1,000
of the sites proposed for construction of major structures;
(2) programme for design level geotechnical, foundation and material investigations and laboratory soil
testing for the major structures to be implemented under the project. The Consultant shall supervise
the field and laboratory works and evaluate the results of the filed investigations and laboratory testing;
(3) hydrometric survey programme to collect hydrometric information about canal roughness coefficients,
head losses at cross regulators, trash racks, siphons and intake structures, efficiency of the hydraulic
pumping station at Curug and the seepage losses in the WTC. The programme shall further include
the required flow measurements for the sediment sampling programme as proposed below; and
(4) programme for integrated sampling of suspended solids in the WTC, CFC, crossing rivers and
sediment traps and bed load sampling of the canals, sediment traps and river bed near the intake
structures. The suspended load concentration should be determined and the bed load samples
should be analysed on grain size distribution and sand-silt percentage.
The Consultant shall prepare the relevant subcontracts for the above topographic surveys, geotechnical
investigations and sediment sampling programmes, supervise the relevant field and laboratory work and
analyse and comment on the results and findings of the programmes.
6. Resettlement
Resettlement of informal settlers in certain areas along the canal and in the soil dump areas will be
required. This will involve compensation for loss of livelihood and amenity, as well as rehabilitation.
(1) Conduct a socio- economic survey and alternative livelihood appraisal of 540 settlers (small shops,
temporary trader shelters and those living on sediment spoil dump areas) on inner embankments.
Identify willingness of settlers on sloping outer embankments to be relocated. Evaluate socio-
economic options for settlers on the WTC embankments,
(2) Identify alternative replacement land. Identify re-training possibilities. Negotiate compensation and
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rehabilitation activities for informal settlers and legitimate resident affected by construction. Develop a
rehabilitation plan and negotiate compensation and rehabilitation for affected households near Cibeet
Syphon, Cikarang & Bekasi Weir. Facilitate compensation payments and undertake rehabilitation
program.
(3) Assist broker appropriate tenure leases contracted with informal settlers. Fence and sign post outer
boundaries along the course of WTC with limited entry points for current informal settlers. Form a
mobile group to monitor and report to authorities further encroachment and disturbances on the WTC
embankments.
7. Expertise Requirements
The feasibility and design study will be undertaken by a team of experts comprising International and
National professional staff. In general, preference will be given to International professional staff that has
work experience in Indonesia or in other Southeast Asian countries. It is expected that the following
professional staff and qualifications will be required:
6.1 International Professional Staff
(1) Team Leader/Water Resources Engineer
Should be university graduated civil engineer with about 20 years experience in the field of water
resources development and management. He should also have experience in operation and
design of irrigation systems, river systems and maintenance of infra-structure projects. He should
have preferably worked in Indonesia and/or other Southeast Asian countries in the field of water
resources planning, operation and design of major irrigation systems and raw water supply
projects. Further, he should have experience in management of a multi-disciplinary team for a
minimum period of 10 years and be capable of concise reporting and have a working knowledge
of Bahasa Indonesia. His duties will include all duties normally assigned to a team leader such as
liaison with the Ministry of Public Works and other Indonesian institutions, liaison with and
reporting to his home office, coordination of the feasibility, design and investigation work, overall
responsibility for administrative, financial, and technical reporting, progress planning and overall
guidance to the professional and supporting staff.
(2) Senior Hydrologist
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in operational hydrology,
collection, storage and interpretation of hydrological and meteorological data using appropriate
processing methods and modelling techniques. He should be familiar with the use of computer
for data processing, computer basin models as well as advanced computer analysis techniques.
Further, he should have experience in water resources assessment, water balance studies and
modelling of rainfall-runoff relations. He should have experience in Southeast Asia and preferably
in Indonesia in the field of water resources. Hid duties will also include supervision of the
proposed hydrometric survey programme.
(3) Senior Geotechnical Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in planning of geotechnical
investigations, collection and analysis of geotechnical data for design of high embankments,
foundations for weirs, siphons and other water related structures. His duties will include
preparation of a subcontract for geotechnical field investigations and soil laboratory testing,
supervision of such investigations and testing and interpreting borelogs and soil parameters.
(4) Water Resources Planner/Irrigation Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 15 years experience in water resources planning. He
should have experience in planning of water availability and water demand for irrigation and DMI
and preparation of water balance studies by using appropriate computer models. Preferably, he
should have worked in Indonesia or in other Southeast Asian countries in the field of water
resources planning.
(5) Remote Sensing Specialist
Should be a university graduate with about 15 years experience in the field of interpretation of
aerial photographs and satellite images related to water resources, land use and agriculture. His
main duty will be determination of the irrigation areas at present under command of the WTC and
the CFC.
(6) Senior Hydraulic Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in planning and hydraulic
design of large conveyance systems such as irrigation canals and pipelines including appurtenant
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hydraulic structures as weirs, siphons, water level control and measuring structures, culverts, etc.
Further, he should have experience in preparation and running of hydraulic canal models.
(7) O & M Expert
Should be a university graduate with about 15 years of experience in the O&M of irrigation and
drainage systems. He should have experience in the planning of O&M, improvement of irrigation
and drainage system operation and its management.
(8) Senior Structural Design Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 10 years relevant experience in planning and
detailed design of structures in large conveyance systems such as weirs, siphons, intake and
outlet works, gated regulators, retaining walls, sheet piling, tunnels, bridges, etc. He should have
profound knowledge of detail design of water retaining structures and construction planning,
including preparation of design and tender drawings. His duties will be to plan and prepare detail
designs of the major structures, execute design calculations, prepare the relevant specifications
and guide the National structural and civil engineers in their design work, preparation of the bill of
quantities, cost estimate and design and tender drawings.
(9) Hydro-Mechanical Specialist
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in planning, design, installation
and operation of hydro mechanical equipment used in water resources infrastructure, such as
pumping plants, trash racks, hydraulic gates, measuring gates, spillway and flushing gates, etc.
Further, he should also have experience in preparation of specifications for procurement of
mechanical equipment and testing of hydro-mechanical equipment.
(10) Senior Sedimentologist
Should be a university graduate in civil engineering with at least 10 years of experience in
hydraulic modelling, sediment sampling and sediment analyses. His duties will be preparation of a
subcontract for a sediment sampling programme, supervision of the sampling programme,
analysis of the results, estimation of the sediment transport in the river and canal system and
advice on operation of the sediment traps.
(11) Dredging Expert
Should be a university graduate in civil engineering with at least 8 years of experience in planning,
set-up and execution of small scale dredging and earth moving operations. It will be his task to
advise on the most suitable dredging methods for canal and sediment traps, allowing for the use
of the same or similar equipment during later maintenance and allowing for constraints in
available work space and spoil dump areas. He will also advise on the types of equipment to be
used, estimate the construction fleet requirements, unit cost and production rates, prepare
specifications for dredging works, advise on equipment requirements for maintenance,
maintenance scheduling and programming.
(12) Water Quality Specialist
Should be a university graduate with about 15 years of experience of which at least 5 years in
river basin water quality management. He should have experience in the field of setting up water
quality assessment programmes, measurement of water quality in rivers and canals, water quality
analysis, methods to improve water quality in rivers, water treatment processes and water quality
models. He should preferably have experience in Southeast Asia or in Indonesia.
(13) Drinking Water Specialist
Should be a university graduate with at least 10 years experience in the field of drinking water
treatment and waste water treatment. He should have knowledge about chemical engineering
and the capability to collect and analyse water quality data, chemicals to be used in the treatment
process, control of the drinking water treatment process and propose measures for adjustment
and improvement.
(14) Senior Economist
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in economic analyses of water
resources projects involving irrigation and drainage, drinking water supply, water quality, hydro
power and canal maintenance. He should be capable of evaluating project costs and benefits,
requirements for operation and maintenance of canals and sediment traps and financial analyses
of the project components. Preferably, he should have at least 5 years of experience in Indonesia
or in Southeast Asia.
(15) Institutional Specialist
Should be a university graduate in public administration with about 15 years of experience in the
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field of organization of public, private and semi-government services of which at least 5 years in
Indonesia and/or other Southeast Asian countries. He should have knowledge of the legal setting
for water resources institutions and be able to analyse institutional functioning and propose
institutional development strategies.
6.2 National Professional Staff
(1) Deputy-Team Leader/Water Resources Engineer
Should be a university graduate in civil engineering with about 15 years experience in the field of
water resources planning, feasibility studies, design of irrigation and drainage systems and related
structures and raw water supply. Further, he should have ample experience in managing project
teams for design studies. His duties will include liaison with the Team Leader as well as his own
home office, preparation of coordination with various local authorities and survey and
investigations contractors, overall guidance to the National staff members, reporting on special
subjects to the Client and participation in feasibility and design work.
(2) Topographical Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in collection and review of
topographical data, measurement of cross sections and levelling, preparation of contracts for
topographical surveys and supervision of field work. He will be responsible for planning of the
survey work, its supervision and preparation of survey data and maps for detailed design. His
duties will further include quantity estimation of canal excavation and dredging works and
determination of the location and dimensions of cross regulators, irrigation offtakes and other
important canal structures.
(3) Geotechnical Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in the geotechnical aspects of
foundation design of large hydraulic structures and siphons as well as in the design of canal
banks in unstable soil and embankments in high fill. Further, he should have ample experience in
analyses of materials used for fill and foundation of hydraulic structures and supervision of
geotechnical field investigations and laboratory testing.
(4) Water Quality Engineer
Should be a university degree with at least 10 years experience in collection, evaluation and
analyses of water quality data and implementation of water quality monitoring programmes. He
should have the capability to collect, evaluate and analyse data about waste water sources and to
propose water pollution control programmes.
(5) Hydrologist
Should be a university graduate with a strong background in hydrology and about 10 years
experience in collection and analysis of climatologic and hydrological data and setting up of an
appropriate database. He should be able to assess water availability in river basins, analyse
floods and prepare water balance of river basins. He should also have experience in execution
and supervision of hydrometric measurement programmes for canal and river flows and
calibration of flow measuring structures.
(6) Irrigation Design Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in planning and design of
irrigation and drainage systems including determination of irrigation demands and water
availability analysis. He should also have knowledge of operation and maintenance of irrigation
canals and related control and measuring structures as Romeijn and Crump de Gruyter gates.
(7) Hydraulic Design Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in hydraulic design of irrigation
and drainage canals and appurtenant structures such as weirs, siphons, cross regulators,
irrigation off takes, etc. He should also have experience in calculation and verification of the
conveyance capacities of existing canals.
(8) Irrigation O&M Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 10 years of experience in planning of O&M
requirements (equipment, manpower, maintenance intervals) for large irrigation and drainage
conveyance systems, including maintenance excavation, cleaning of canal banks, etc. Further,
he should have experience in investigation and implementation of operation improvement
measures for large conveyance systems, including water level control, flow measurement and
maintenance of sediment traps.
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(9) Structural Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 7 years of experience in structural design of hydraulic
structures such as weirs, siphons, spillways, culverts, cross regulators and irrigation off takes as
well as in the design of roads and bridges. His duties will be preparation of detailed design of
canal structures and improvement works, relevant specifications and structural design and tender
drawings.
(10) Civil Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 7 years of experience in preparation of bills of
quantities, cost estimating and preparation of design and tender drawings. His duties will be
preparation of the bill of quantities, engineer’s cost estimate and design and tender drawings.
(11) Contracts Engineer
Should be a university graduate with at least 10 years of experience in preparation of
prequalification documents, tender documents and schedules for construction works. He should
also have experience in preparation of tenders and contracts for International Competitive Bidding
(ICB) and Local Competitive Bidding (LCB).
(12) Environmental Specialist
Should be a university graduate with environmental background and about 8 years of experience
in environmental impact assessment (EIA) of water resource development and related projects.
This shall include experience in environmental impact and in the assessment of resettlement and
compensation. He must have experience in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment
reports according to the national guidelines (AMDAL). The consultant shall be assisted by the
Sociologist/Public Participation Specialist.
(13) Sociologist/Public Participation Specialist
Should be a university graduate in social geography or spatial planning with about 8 years of
experience in the field of regional development planning, assessment of social impacts of water
resources development and related projects and in public participation activities. Further, he
should have experience in identification of socio-economic problems related to resettlement,
preparation of resettlement plans and compensation arrangements.
(14) Economist
Should be a university graduate with at least 10 years of experience in the economic and financial
analyses of water resources projects. He should have experience in projects for water
conveyance systems, drinking water supply and water quality and must be able to compare
alternatives.
(15) Institutional Specialist
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years of experience in the field of organisation of
public services. He should have ample knowledge of the legal setting for water resources
institutions and be able to analyse institutional functioning and propose institutional development
strategies.
(16) Legal Expert
Should be a university graduate with about 20 years experience in the field of the legal aspects of
organizations of public services. He should have knowledge of the legal settings for water
resources institutions and water pollution control. He should have the capability to analyse legal
functions, water resources policies and strategies and to propose adjustments to improve
management of water resources development.
7. Reporting
The Consultant shall prepare and submit the following reports to the Client and the Bank during the period
of services. All reports and drawings shall be in the English language and with standard dimensions,
unless otherwise specified. The SI system shall be used in all reports, computations and drawings.
During the course of the consulting services, the following reports are to be submitted:
(1) Inception Report
The Consultant will submit an Inception Report 45 days after commencement of the services. This
report will present the Consultant’s preliminary evaluation of the scope of works, field conditions,
availability and status of data and reports, detailed work plan, subcontracts for topographical surveys,
geotechnical investigations, hydrometric surveys and sediment sampling programme (15 copies).
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(2) Feasibility Report of Cibeet and Cikarang bypass
A Feasibility Report at the end of the 6th (sixth) month, presenting the alternatives selected, being
separation of the WTC flow from the Cibeet and/or the Cikarang or improvement and adequate
maintenance of the sediment traps considering the improvement of water quality in the WTC. This
report should present clear recommendations and justification of the chosen alternative(s) for
improvement of the water quality and sediment situation in the WTC (15 copies).
(3) Report about Legal and Institutional Issues of PJT-II
A Report at the end of the 6th (sixth) month, presenting the findings of the study about the legal
framework, institutional setting, revenue base and financial situation of PJT-II (15 copies).
(4) Draft Design Report
At the end of the 10th (tenth) month from the start of services, the Consultant will submit a Draft Design
Report which will describe the general approach of the study, detailed design of canal, required
structures and equipment to improve canal operation, the Bekasi siphon, option to improve the water
quality and sediment condition in the WTC at the crossing with Cibeet and Cikarang. It should also
include the results of topographical surveys, geotechnical investigations, laboratory testing and
hydrometric and sediment sampling programmes carried out during the study (15 copies).
(5) Final Design Report
At the end of the services, the Consultant will submit a Final Design Report which will describe the
general approach, standards used, detailed design of canal, works and equipment required for
improved canal operation, Bekasi siphon and chosen options for interception/bypassing of the Cibeet
and Cikarang flows, including design calculations for the major components. It should also include the
results of topographical surveys, geotechnical investigations, laboratory testing and hydrometric and
sediment sampling programmes carried out during the study (15 copies).
(6) Prequalification Document
At the end of the 6th (sixth) month from the start of services, the Consultant will submit Prequalification
Documents for the proposed improvement works (15 copies).
(7) Draft Tender Document
At the end of the 10th (tenth) month from the start of services, the Consultant will submit Draft Tender
Documents for the agreed packages comprising (i) Invitation for Tenders; (ii) Instructions to Tenderers;
(iii) General Conditions (FIDIC); (iv) Particular Conditions; (v) Specification; (vi) Letter of Tender and
Appendix; and (vii) Forms, Securities and Schedules (10 copies).
(8) Final Tender Documents
After approval of the Draft Tender Documents by the GoI and ADB, the Consultant will prepare the
Final Tender Documents for the agreed packages comprising (i) Invitation for Tenders; (ii) Instructions
to Tenderers; (iii) General Conditions (FIDIC); (iv) Particular Conditions; (v) Specification; (vi) Letter of
Tender and Appendix; (vii) Bill of Quantities; (viii) Forms, Securities, Schedules, etc.; and (ix) Tender
Drawings (15 copies).
(9) Quarterly Progress Report
The Consultant will submit at the end of each study quarter a progress report giving a summary of the
progress, team activities during the reporting period, technical and management problems, if any,
contract administration, financial and person-months utilisation and work anticipated to be carried out
in the next progress reporting period (10 copies).
(10) Completion Report
At the end of the services, the Consultant will submit a short Completion Report with details about the
way the feasibility study and detailed designs were carried out, reports submitted, person-months used
and costs incurred (10 copies).
8. Project Organization and Management

The executing agency for the West Tarum Canal Rehabilitation Project will be the Balai Besar under the
Ministry of Public Works. The CRBDP will appoint a Project Officer under whom the Consultant will carry
out the project and it will also provide counterpart staff to the Consultant, if deemed necessary during the
course of the feasibility and design study.
The Consultant’s office will be located in Jakarta. Office space, housing arrangement for the Consultant’s
staff, supporting and administrative staff and running of the office will be the responsibility of the
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Consultant.
Topographical surveys, geotechnical investigations, a sediment sampling programme and the hydrometric
surveys will be undertaken through local sub-contracts.
A technical steering committee will be constituted to guide the study and to provide recommendations to
the GoI for implementation of the project. The Steering Committee will meet at regular intervals during the
study.
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ICWRMP Program Management – TOR for Consultants
1. Objectives of the Services

The key objective of program management services to be provided is the effective implementation of
Tranche 1 of the MFF. This will involve:
• Effective liaison between the program stakeholders and the teams undertaking the individual
component projects so that outcomes align with stakeholder needs. The component projects are:
o Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal
o Water Supply Options and Improved Groundwater Management for Bandung
o Roll-Out of System Rice Intensification in Three Districts
o Support for Community- and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved Water Supply and
Sanitation
o Development and Implementation of a Basin River Quality Improvement Strategy and
Action Plans
o Productive Reforestation of Degraded Catchments [Phase 1]
o Protected Area Management for Biodiversity [Phase 1]
• Effective coordination among the component projects to promote cooperation and information
exchange, improve performance overall, and minimise wasted effort caused by overlaps.
• Accurate and timely monitoring and reporting of component project performance, including financial
management.
2. Scope of Work
The following main activities will be undertaken
General
• Implement sound project management practices within the Program Management Unit
• Design and implement quality management procedures applicable to the program, and promote these
among the component projects.
Monitoring and reporting
• Prepare and maintain a performance monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the component
projects.
• Establish and maintain an accounting system that summarises information provided by the component
projects and provides consolidated reports.
• Seek and receive regular and frequent (at least 6-monthly) financial and progress reports from each of
the component projects. Prepare written consolidated reports and submit to the Project Steering
Committee.
• Attend Project Steering Committee meetings and report as required.
• Provide ad hoc information to the Project Steering Committee, Executing Agency and Implementing
Agencies as required.
Stakeholder Liaison
• Establish a network of contacts among stakeholder groups associated with each of the component
projects, as well as relevant national, provincial and district agencies and ADB.
• Act as a point of contact for all stakeholder representatives.
• Provide advice on request to stakeholder representatives.
• Facilitate six-monthly stakeholder workshops to discuss relevant issues related to progress and
coordination.
• Develop and maintain a website to provide a means of information access by stakeholders and the
1
public, and well as providing a mechanism for feedback (stakeholder forum).
Project Coordination
• Establish formal links with the team leaders of each of the component projects and act as a point of
contact.
• Facilitate six-monthly workshops for component project staff to discuss relevant issues related to
progress and coordination, as well as common technical issues.
• Identify potential overlaps and inefficiencies among projects and report these to the Project Steering
Committee.
• Deal with procedural issues related to project management and in particular to interpretation and
application of relevant GOI and ADB procedures and guidelines.
Minor Studies
• Identify the need for minor studies (up to $400,000 total) to improve knowledge of water issues in CRB.
• Make recommendations to the Project Steering Committee and seek approval for these studies.
• As approved, recruit local consultants, universities, institutes or other appropriate organizations to
undertake the studies.
• Manage the implementation of the studies.
• Promulgate the results of the studies widely among component projects, stakeholders and elsewhere.
Capacity Building for NGOs
• Identify NGOs involved in the various component projects of Tranche 1.
• Undertake a training needs analysis for each of the NGOs – in relation to the roles they will be required
to play in the particular component projects.
• Develop a comprehensive training program for each of the NGOs, and implement them.
• Monitor performance of each NGO during the period of the component project implementation.
• Provide mentoring for NGOs and be a resource in times of difficulty.
• Facilitate exchange of information among the NGOs.
Preparation of Tranche 2
• Assist the Executing Agency to confirm (or otherwise) the component projects to be included in
Tranche 2 of the MFF, including the facilitation of stakeholder consultations.
• Assist in the preparation of the necessary documents for recruitment of consultants to undertake
preparation of the Tranche 2 component projects.
• Assist in the submission of the documents to GOI and ADB (as may be necessary).
• Assist the Executing Agency in the preparation of the Periodic Financing Request for submission to
ADB.
3. Expertise Requirements
The program management will be undertaken by a team of experts comprising International and National
professional staff. In general, preference will be given to International professional staff that have work
experience in Indonesia or in other Southeast Asian countries. It is expected that the following
professional staff and qualifications will be required:
3.1 International Professional Staff
(1) Team Leader/Water Resources Specialist
Should be a university graduated civil engineer with about 20 years experience in the field of
water resources development and management. He/she should also have experience as a team
leader in charge of multi-disciplinary aid projects. He/she should have preferably worked in
Indonesia and/or other Southeast Asian countries in the field of water resources and river basin
planning and management. Further, he should have experience in management of a multi-
disciplinary team for a minimum period of 10 years and have good communication and report
writing skills.
2
(2) Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist
Should be a university graduate with at least 15 years experience in designing and implementing
monitoring and evaluation systems for large programs and/or projects. In addition, he/she should
have experience in the field of water resource management, preferably in Indonesia and/or other
Southeast Asian countries.
(3) Unallocated Pool of Specialists
It is impossible to clearly define all requirements for skills and experience necessary for the
execution of the required program management functions. Therefore, a pool of specialists will be
created (up to 12 months total) to cater for specific needs as may arise from time to time. Such
specialists may include (but not be limited to): economist, hydrologist, civil engineer,
environmental scientist, legal specialist.
3.2 National Professional Staff
(1) Deputy-Team Leader/Water Resources Engineer
Should be a university graduate in civil engineering with about 15 years experience in the field of
water resources planning and management. Further, he/she should have ample experience in
managing project teams for multi-disciplinary projects. Formal qualifications in project
management would be an advantage.
(2) Financial Management Specialist
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in economics, accounting or
business. He/she should have experience in water-related projects, and establishing and
implementing financial management systems for large programs/projects. A knowledge of GOI
financial management requirements is essential and a knowledge of ADB procedures would be an
advantage.
(3) Water Engineer
Should be a university graduate with about 10 years experience in the engineering aspects of
water resource management, including planning, construction, operation and maintenance of
water control infrastructure. Experience in working on internationally funded water resource
projects in Indonesia would be an advantage, as would experience in preparation of
prequalification documents, tender documents and schedules for construction works.
(4) Sociologist/Public Participation Specialist
Should be a university graduate in social geography or spatial planning with at least 10 years of
experience in the field of regional development planning, assessment of social impacts of water
resources development and related projects and in public participation activities. Further, he/she
should have experience in working with Indonesian NGOs, Experience in identification of socio-
economic problems related to resettlement, preparation of resettlement plans and compensation
arrangements would be an advantage.
3. Reporting
The Consultant shall prepare and submit the following reports to the Client, the Bank and the Project
Steering Committee during the period of services. All reports and drawings shall be in the English
language and with standard dimensions, unless otherwise specified. During the course of the consulting
services, the following reports are to be submitted as a minimum:
• Inception Report [within two months of commencement]
• Program Management Manual (detailing the performance monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the
component projects) [within three months of commencement]
• Financial Management Manual [within two months of commencement]
• Quarterly Progress and Financial Reports
• Annual Progress and Financial Reports
• Other regular reports required by GOI and ADB
• Program Completion Report

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Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 37049

Indonesia: Integrated Citarum Water Resources

Prepared by Phase 3 Consultant Team

For Directorate General of Water Resources

Asian Development Bank

Report on Roadmap and Program

2 Personnel and Inputs ................................................4

4 Program Area Description ........................................9

5 Re-Assessment of Basin Issues ............................15

6 Key Areas for IWRM ................................................31

6.6 Disaster Management 33

7 Interventions Identified in Phases 1 & 2 ................35

8 Development of the Roadmap ................................39

9 Designing the Overall Investment Program ..........45

10 MFF Tranche 1 .........................................................47

11 Cost Estimates and Financing ...............................50

12 Implementation Arrangements ...............................53

13 Impacts and Benefits...............................................55

14 Modelling and Decision Support Systems ............58

14.3 Decision Support Tool 63

15 Conclusions and Recommendations.....................71

Annex 1: Reports Prepared by the PPTA Phase 3 Team

1.2 Project History

side planning; supply-side planning; operation and maintenance (O&M) of

2 Personnel and Inputs

Table 1: International Consultants

Name Position Employed By

Mr Norio Takayanagi Phase 1&2 Team Leader Nippon Koei

Mr Roger Jackson Project Programmer ADB

Mr Jeremy Bird Institutional Policy Specialist ADB

Mr Rieks Toxopeus Program Development Specialist ADB

Mr Teunis op ten River Basin Modeller ADB

Mr Tan Bock Thiam Economist and Financial ADB

Mr Romeo Cleto Sociologist Nippon Koei

Mr Ramon Abracosa Environmental Specialist Nippon Koei

Dr Darrell Kitchener Biodiversity Specialist ADB

Dr John Ackers Sedimentation Specialist ADB

Table 2: National Consultants

Name Position Employed By

Pak Tony Bambang Facilitator ADB

Pak Sri Hernowo Institutional Specialist ADB

Ibu Ratih Widyaningsih Environmental Specialist ADB

Pak Rimun Wibowo Resettlement Specialist ADB

Pak Iwan Setiawan Database/GIS Specialist ADB

Ibu Etty Riani Ecologist ADB

Iskander Nugraha Water Resources Wiratman

Table 3: ADB Specialists

Mr Chris Morris Mission Leader

Mr Nasimul Islam Environmental Specialist

Ms Sari Aman-Wooster Social Specialist

Mr Christophe Gautrot Legal Specialist

Mr Chong Chi Nai Principal Procurement Specialist

Ms Marla Huddleston Senior Social Development/Resettlement

A list of the various reports prepared by the team members is given in

Figure 1: Relationship between Road Map and MFF

Figure 2: MFF Development Process

This roadmap formulation process has been successfully applied to plan