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Geometry Three-Dimensional Square Facets Vertex Regular Hexahedron Platonic Solids

The document describes several basic 3D geometric shapes: - A cube is a solid bounded by six square faces and has eight vertices. It is one of the five Platonic solids. - A cone tapers smoothly from a flat circular base to a single point called the apex. It is formed by lines connecting the apex to the base. - A pyramid has a polygonal base and connects each base edge to a single apex point, forming triangular faces. It is a conic solid. - A sphere is the set of all points equidistant from a central point and has a perfectly round surface. - A prism has flat surfaces that refract light, including triangular and rectangular types.

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104 views7 pages

Geometry Three-Dimensional Square Facets Vertex Regular Hexahedron Platonic Solids

The document describes several basic 3D geometric shapes: - A cube is a solid bounded by six square faces and has eight vertices. It is one of the five Platonic solids. - A cone tapers smoothly from a flat circular base to a single point called the apex. It is formed by lines connecting the apex to the base. - A pyramid has a polygonal base and connects each base edge to a single apex point, forming triangular faces. It is a conic solid. - A sphere is the set of all points equidistant from a central point and has a perfectly round surface. - A prism has flat surfaces that refract light, including triangular and rectangular types.

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CUBE

In geometry, a cube[1] is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by


six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex.
The cube is the only regular hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids. It has 6
faces, 12 edges, and 8 vertices.
The cube is also a square parallelepiped, an equilateral cuboid and a right rhombohedron. It
is a regular square prism in three orientations, and a trigonal trapezohedron in four
orientations.
The cube is dual to the octahedron. It has cubical or octahedral symmetry.
The cube is the only convex polyhedron whose faces are all squares
CONE

A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base
(frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex.
A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common
point, the apex, to all of the points on a base that is in a planethat does not contain the
apex. Depending on the author, the base may be restricted to be a circle, any one-
dimensional quadratic form in the plane, any closed one-dimensional figure, or any of
the above plus all the enclosed points. If the enclosed points are included in the base,
the cone is a solid object; otherwise it is a two-dimensional object in three-dimensional
space. In the case of a solid object, the boundary formed by these lines or partial lines
is called the lateral surface; if the lateral surface is unbounded, it is a conical surface.
In the case of line segments, the cone does not extend beyond the base, while in the
case of half-lines, it extends infinitely far. In the case of lines, the cone extends infinitely
far in both directions from the apex, in which case it is sometimes called a double cone.
Either half of a double cone on one side of the apex is called a nappe.
PYRAMID

In geometry, a pyramid is a polyhedron formed by connecting a polygonal base and a


point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral face. It
is a conic solid with polygonal base. A pyramid with an n-sided base has n +
1 vertices, n + 1 faces, and 2n edges. All pyramids are self-dual.
A right pyramid has its apex directly above the centroid of its base. Nonright pyramids
are called oblique pyramids. A regular pyramid has a regular polygon base and is
usually implied to be a right pyramid.[1][2]
When unspecified, a pyramid is usually assumed to be a regular square pyramid, like
the physical pyramid structures. A triangle-based pyramid is more often called
a tetrahedron.
Among oblique pyramids, like acute and obtuse triangles, a pyramid can be
called acute if its apex is above the interior of the base and obtuse if its apex is above
the exterior of the base. A right-angled pyramid has its apex above an edge or vertex
of the base. In a tetrahedron these qualifiers change based on which face is considered
the base.
Pyramids are a class of the prismatoids. Pyramids can be doubled into bipyramids by
adding a second offset point on the other side of the base plane.
SPHERE

A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball"[1]) is a perfectly


round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely
round ball (viz., analogous to the circular objects in two dimensions, where a "circle"
circumscribes its "disk").
Like a circle in a two-dimensional space, a sphere is defined mathematically as the set
of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point, but in a three-
dimensional space.[2] This distance r is the radius of the ball, which is made up from all
points with a distance less than r from the given point, which is the center of the
mathematical ball. These are also referred to as the radius and center of the sphere,
respectively. The longest straight line through the ball, connecting two points of the
sphere, passes through the center and its length is thus twice the radius; it is
a diameter of both the sphere and its ball.
While outside mathematics the terms "sphere" and "ball" are sometimes used
interchangeably, in mathematics the above distinction is made between a sphere, which
is a two-dimensional closed surface, embedded in a three-dimensional Euclidean
space, and a ball, which is a three-dimensional shape that includes the sphere and
everything inside the sphere (a closed ball), or, more often, just the points inside,
but not on the sphere (an open ball). This distinction has not always been maintained
and especially older mathematical references talk about a sphere as a solid. This is
analogous to the situation in the plane, where the terms "circle" and "disk" can also be
confounded.
PRISM

TRIANGULAR PRISM RECTANGULAR PRISM

In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces


that refract light. At least two of the flat surfaces must have an angle between them. The
exact angles between the surfaces depend on the application. The traditional
geometrical shape is that of a triangular prism with a triangular base and rectangular
sides, and in colloquial use "prism" usually refers to this type. Some types of optical
prism are not in fact in the shape of geometric prisms. Prisms can be made from any
material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical
materials include glass, plastic, and fluorite.
A dispersive prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors (the
colors of the rainbow). Furthermore, prisms can be used to reflect light, or to split light
into components with different polarizations.
CYLINDER

A cylinder is one of the most basic curved geometric shapes, with the surface formed
by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, known as the axis of the
cylinder. The shape can be thought of as a circular prism. Both the surface and the solid
shape created inside can be called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a
cylinder have been known since ancient times.
In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as any ruled surface which is
spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A cylinder whose cross section is
an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic cylinder, parabolic cylinder,
or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.
The cylinder is a degenerate quadric because at least one of the coordinates (in this
case z) does not appear in the equation.
An oblique cylinder has the top and bottom surfaces displaced from one another.
There are other more unusual types of cylinders. These are the imaginary elliptic
cylinders
PROJECT
IN
MATH
SOLID FIGURES

Alexis M. Barandon

Nelly B. Batac
Teacher

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