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Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

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Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure & Research Institute NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.cureme.org.in Contents Introduction 2 Definition 2 Types 2 Sources 3 Sun exposure 3 Food 4 Supplements 5 Serum levels of vitamin D 5 Biochemistry 5 Hydroxylation 1 5 Hydroxylation 2 5 Functions 5 Vitamin D toxicity 6 Supplementation and food fortification 6 Iatrogenic 6 Other causes 6 Pathophysiology 6 Signs and symptoms 7 Central Nervous System 7 Renal System 7 Gastro-intestinal system 7 Cardiovascular System 7 Others 7 Diagnosis 7 Treatment 8 Correction of hypercalcemia 8 Discontinuation of vitamin D 8 Medication 8 Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D 8 Alumina 8 Argentum nitricum 8 Carbolic acid 9 Colchicum 9 Digitalis 9 Iodium 10 Kalium brom 10 Kalium phos 10 Merc cor 10 Opium 11 Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication 11 Bibliography 16 Introduction Now a days, we often observe patients as well as health aware persons taking food supplements. These dietary supplements often contain Vitamin D or its analogues and calcium. Very frequently, some physicians also keep on prescribing high doses of calcium and vitamin D to prevent or treat orthopedic and rheumatic conditions, especially in elderly. This, sometimes, leads to vitamin D toxicity, the condition called as hypervitaminosis D, which has several potential complications, even death. Let us revise physiology of vitamin D in brief. Definition Hypervitaminosis D or vitamin D toxicity is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is excessive amount of vitamin D in the body caused due to intake of high doses of vitamin D usually as replacement therapy, and not by diet or sun exposure as the body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods do not contain large amounts of vitamin D. Types Several forms called vitamers of vitamin D exist. The two major forms are- • Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and • Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol These are known collectively as calciferol. Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, i.e., steroids in which one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. The other forms of vitamin D are given in the below table - Name Chemical composition Structure Vitamin D1 Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol,1:1 Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin). Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Sources Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. There are three main sources of vitamin D- Sun exposure Vitamin D is formed through the conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB). Food The richest sources of vitamin D in food are- Food International units (IU) Daily Value (DV) Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115-124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3

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Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

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656 views19 pages
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure & Research Institute NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.cureme.org.in Contents Introduction 2 Definition 2 Types 2 Sources 3 Sun exposure 3 Food 4 Supplements 5 Serum levels of vitamin D 5 Biochemistry 5 Hydroxylation 1 5 Hydroxylation 2 5 Functions 5 Vitamin D toxicity 6 Supplementation and food fortification 6 Iatrogenic 6 Other causes 6 Pathophysiology 6 Signs and symptoms 7 Central Nervous System 7 Renal System 7 Gastro-intestinal system 7 Cardiovascular System 7 Others 7 Diagnosis 7 Treatment 8 Correction of hypercalcemia 8 Discontinuation of vitamin D 8 Medication 8 Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D 8 Alumina 8 Argentum nitricum 8 Carbolic acid 9 Colchicum 9 Digitalis 9 Iodium 10 Kalium brom 10 Kalium phos 10 Merc cor 10 Opium 11 Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication 11 Bibliography 16 Introduction Now a days, we often observe patients as well as health aware persons taking food supplements. These dietary supplements often contain Vitamin D or its analogues and calcium. Very frequently, some physicians also keep on prescribing high doses of calcium and vitamin D to prevent or treat orthopedic and rheumatic conditions, especially in elderly. This, sometimes, leads to vitamin D toxicity, the condition called as hypervitaminosis D, which has several potential complications, even death. Let us revise physiology of vitamin D in brief. Definition Hypervitaminosis D or vitamin D toxicity is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is excessive amount of vitamin D in the body caused due to intake of high doses of vitamin D usually as replacement therapy, and not by diet or sun exposure as the body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods do not contain large amounts of vitamin D. Types Several forms called vitamers of vitamin D exist. The two major forms are- • Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and • Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol These are known collectively as calciferol. Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, i.e., steroids in which one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. The other forms of vitamin D are given in the below table - Name Chemical composition Structure Vitamin D1 Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol,1:1 Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin). Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Sources Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. There are three main sources of vitamin D- Sun exposure Vitamin D is formed through the conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB). Food The richest sources of vitamin D in food are- Food International units (IU) Daily Value (DV) Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115-124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3

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Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure & Research Institute NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.cureme.org.in Contents Introduction 2 Definition 2 Types 2 Sources 3 Sun exposure 3 Food 4 Supplements 5 Serum levels of vitamin D 5 Biochemistry 5 Hydroxylation 1 5 Hydroxylation 2 5 Functions 5 Vitamin D toxicity 6 Supplementation and food fortification 6 Iatrogenic 6 Other causes 6 Pathophysiology 6 Signs and symptoms 7 Central Nervous System 7 Renal System 7 Gastro-intestinal system 7 Cardiovascular System 7 Others 7 Diagnosis 7 Treatment 8 Correction of hypercalcemia 8 Discontinuation of vitamin D 8 Medication 8 Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D 8 Alumina 8 Argentum nitricum 8 Carbolic acid 9 Colchicum 9 Digitalis 9 Iodium 10 Kalium brom 10 Kalium phos 10 Merc cor 10 Opium 11 Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication 11 Bibliography 16 Introduction Now a days, we often observe patients as well as health aware persons taking food supplements. These dietary supplements often contain Vitamin D or its analogues and calcium. Very frequently, some physicians also keep on prescribing high doses of calcium and vitamin D to prevent or treat orthopedic and rheumatic conditions, especially in elderly. This, sometimes, leads to vitamin D toxicity, the condition called as hypervitaminosis D, which has several potential complications, even death. Let us revise physiology of vitamin D in brief. Definition Hypervitaminosis D or vitamin D toxicity is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is excessive amount of vitamin D in the body caused due to intake of high doses of vitamin D usually as replacement therapy, and not by diet or sun exposure as the body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods do not contain large amounts of vitamin D. Types Several forms called vitamers of vitamin D exist. The two major forms are- • Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and • Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol These are known collectively as calciferol. Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, i.e., steroids in which one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. The other forms of vitamin D are given in the below table - Name Chemical composition Structure Vitamin D1 Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol,1:1 Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin). Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Sources Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. There are three main sources of vitamin D- Sun exposure Vitamin D is formed through the conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB). Food The richest sources of vitamin D in food are- Food International units (IU) Daily Value (DV) Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115-124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3

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Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

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Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD Hom
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure & Research Institute NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.cureme.org.in Contents Introduction 2 Definition 2 Types 2 Sources 3 Sun exposure 3 Food 4 Supplements 5 Serum levels of vitamin D 5 Biochemistry 5 Hydroxylation 1 5 Hydroxylation 2 5 Functions 5 Vitamin D toxicity 6 Supplementation and food fortification 6 Iatrogenic 6 Other causes 6 Pathophysiology 6 Signs and symptoms 7 Central Nervous System 7 Renal System 7 Gastro-intestinal system 7 Cardiovascular System 7 Others 7 Diagnosis 7 Treatment 8 Correction of hypercalcemia 8 Discontinuation of vitamin D 8 Medication 8 Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D 8 Alumina 8 Argentum nitricum 8 Carbolic acid 9 Colchicum 9 Digitalis 9 Iodium 10 Kalium brom 10 Kalium phos 10 Merc cor 10 Opium 11 Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication 11 Bibliography 16 Introduction Now a days, we often observe patients as well as health aware persons taking food supplements. These dietary supplements often contain Vitamin D or its analogues and calcium. Very frequently, some physicians also keep on prescribing high doses of calcium and vitamin D to prevent or treat orthopedic and rheumatic conditions, especially in elderly. This, sometimes, leads to vitamin D toxicity, the condition called as hypervitaminosis D, which has several potential complications, even death. Let us revise physiology of vitamin D in brief. Definition Hypervitaminosis D or vitamin D toxicity is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is excessive amount of vitamin D in the body caused due to intake of high doses of vitamin D usually as replacement therapy, and not by diet or sun exposure as the body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods do not contain large amounts of vitamin D. Types Several forms called vitamers of vitamin D exist. The two major forms are- • Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and • Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol These are known collectively as calciferol. Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, i.e., steroids in which one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. The other forms of vitamin D are given in the below table - Name Chemical composition Structure Vitamin D1 Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol,1:1 Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin). Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Sources Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. There are three main sources of vitamin D- Sun exposure Vitamin D is formed through the conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB). Food The richest sources of vitamin D in food are- Food International units (IU) Daily Value (DV) Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115-124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3

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Vitamin D Intoxication

and Homoeopathy

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)


Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Vitamin D Intoxication and


Homoeopathy
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy)
Homoeo Cure & Research Institute
NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA
Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594
E. mail- [email protected]
www.treatmenthomeopathy.com
www.cureme.org.in

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................. 2
Definition ................................................................................................ 2
Types ..................................................................................................... 2
Sources ................................................................................................... 3
Sun exposure.......................................................................................... 3
Food .................................................................................................... 4
Supplements .......................................................................................... 5
Serum levels of vitamin D ............................................................................. 5
Biochemistry ............................................................................................ 5
Hydroxylation 1 ...................................................................................... 5
Hydroxylation 2 ...................................................................................... 5
Functions ................................................................................................ 5
Vitamin D toxicity ...................................................................................... 6
Supplementation and food fortification .......................................................... 6
Iatrogenic ............................................................................................. 6
Other causes .......................................................................................... 6
Pathophysiology ........................................................................................ 6
Signs and symptoms .................................................................................... 7
Central Nervous System ............................................................................. 7
Renal System ......................................................................................... 7
Gastro-intestinal system ............................................................................ 7
Cardiovascular System .............................................................................. 7
Others ................................................................................................. 7
Diagnosis ................................................................................................. 7
Treatment ............................................................................................... 8
Correction of hypercalcemia ....................................................................... 8
Discontinuation of vitamin D ....................................................................... 8

1
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Medication ............................................................................................ 8
Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D ................................................ 8
Alumina ............................................................................................. 8
Argentum nitricum ................................................................................ 8
Carbolic acid ....................................................................................... 9
Colchicum .......................................................................................... 9
Digitalis ............................................................................................. 9
Iodium.............................................................................................. 10
Kalium brom ...................................................................................... 10
Kalium phos ....................................................................................... 10
Merc cor ........................................................................................... 10
Opium .............................................................................................. 11
Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication ....................................................... 11
Bibliography ............................................................................................ 16

Introduction
Now a days, we often observe patients as well as health aware persons taking food
supplements. These dietary supplements often contain Vitamin D or its analogues and
calcium.
Very frequently, some physicians also keep on prescribing high doses of calcium and vitamin
D to prevent or treat orthopedic and rheumatic conditions, especially in elderly. This,
sometimes, leads to vitamin D toxicity, the condition called as hypervitaminosis D, which
has several potential complications, even death.
Let us revise physiology of vitamin D in brief.

Definition
Hypervitaminosis D or vitamin D toxicity is a rare but potentially serious condition that
occurs when there is excessive amount of vitamin D in the body caused due to intake of high
doses of vitamin D usually as replacement therapy, and not by diet or sun exposure as the
body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods
do not contain large amounts of vitamin D.

Types
Several forms called vitamers of vitamin D exist. The two major forms are-

 Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and


 Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol
These are known collectively as calciferol.
Chemically, the various forms of vitamin D are secosteroids, i.e., steroids in which one of
the bonds in the steroid rings is broken.

2
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

The other forms of vitamin D are given in the below table -

Name Chemical composition Structure


Vitamin D1 Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with
lumisterol,1:1

Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol)

Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the


skin).

Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol

Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol)

Sources
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to
others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when
ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. There are three
main sources of vitamin D-

Sun exposure
Vitamin D is formed through the conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon
exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB).

3
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Food
The richest sources of vitamin D in food are-

Food International Daily Value


units (IU) (DV)

Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340


Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142
Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112
Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39
Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product 137 34
labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies)

Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 115-124 29-31
cup
Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces 80 20
(more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV)

Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15


Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12
Liver, beef, cooked, 3 ounces 42 11
Egg, 1 large (vitamin D is found in yolk) 41 10
Ready-to-eat cereal, fortified with 10% of the DV for 40 10
vitamin D, 0.75-1 cup (more heavily fortified cereals might
provide more of the DV)
Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce 6 2

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© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Supplements
With the marvelous evolution of knowledge about vitamin D and its effects, there has a
come out of abundance of supplements in every size, shape, and form, like tablets,
capsules, powders, and fortified food material.

Serum levels of vitamin D


Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] Concentrations and Health (1 nmol/L = 0.4
ng/mL)
nmol/L ng/mL Health status
< 30 < 12 Associated with vitamin D deficiency, leading to rickets
in infants and children and osteomalacia in adults
30 to < 50 12 to < 20 Generally considered inadequate for bone and overall health
in healthy individuals
≥ 50 ≥ 20 Generally considered adequate for bone and overall health
in healthy individuals
> 125 > 50 Emerging evidence links potential adverse effects to such
high levels, particularly >150 nmol/L (>60 ng/mL)

Biochemistry
Vitamin D obtained from sun exposure, food, and supplements is biologically inert and must
undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation-

Hydroxylation 1
The first occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], also
known as calcidiol.

Hydroxylation 2
The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], also known as calcitriol.

Functions
 Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum
calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and
to prevent hypocalcemic tetany.
 It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and
osteoclasts. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or
misshapen.
 Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
 Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis.
 Vitamin D has other roles in the body, including modulation of cell growth,
neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of inflammation.
 Many genes encoding proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and
apoptosis are modulated in part by vitamin D.
 Many cells have vitamin D receptors, and some convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D.

5
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Vitamin D toxicity
This is also called as vitamin D intoxication or VDI, hypervitaminosis D, vitamin D toxicity.
This is caused due to excessive accumulation of vitamin D in body. The main routes of its
excessive accumulation are-

Supplementation and food fortification


There may be toxicity from excessive supplementation.

Iatrogenic
Iatrogenic vitamin D toxicity due to empirical administration of very high doses of
intramuscular vitamin D injections at frequent intervals is not uncommon, especially in
elderly. It is increasingly being recognized as one of the most common causes of
hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia.

Other causes
Endocrine disorders like primary hyperparathyroidism, MEN I & II syndrome, malignancies
such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, granulomatous diseases like
sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have also been associated with hypervitaminosis D.

Pathophysiology
It involves increased concentration of vitamin D metabolites reaching the VDR (vitamin D
receptor or NR1I1) in the nucleus of target cells and causing exaggerated gene expressions.
There are three hypotheses to explain this-

6
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

1- Increased level of plasma 1,25[OH]D, leads to increased intracellular concentration


of the same.
2- The 1,25[OH] D has low affinity for the transport protein DBP (D site of albumin
promoter-binding protein) and high affinity for VDR. This makes it an important
ligand with access to the transcriptional signal transduction machinery. In
hypervitaminosis D, various vitamin D metabolites increase, compromising the
capacity of the DBP and allow other metabolites to enter the cell nucleus. Among
these inactive metabolites, 25[OH]D has the strongest affinity for the VDR, so at high
concentrations it stimulates transcription.
3- Vitamin D intake raises the concentration of many vitamin D metabolites especially
vitamin D itself and 25[OH]D. In hypervitaminosis D, vitamin D metabolites such as
vitamin D3, 25[OH]D3, 24,25[OH]2D3, 25,26[OH]2D3 and 25[OH]D3-26,23-lactone
increase significantly. These concentrations exceed the DBP binding capacity and
cause release of free 1-alpha 25[OH]2D3, which enters target cells. The various
studies and reports of vitamin D intoxication indicate that plasma 25[OH]D3 is a good
biomarker for toxicity.

Signs and symptoms


Hypercalcemia is responsible for producing most of the symptoms of vitamin D toxicity. main
symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include-

Central Nervous System


Lethargy, Weakness, Confusion, Coma, Hypotonia, Hyporeflexia

Renal System
Polyuria, Nocturia, Dehydration, Nephrocalcinosis, Renal failure

Gastro-intestinal system
Nausea, Anorexia, Constipation, Pancreatitis, Gastric ulcer

Cardiovascular System
Hypertension, short QT interval, arrhythmias, ST segment elevation

Others
Band keratopathy, hearing loss, painful periarticular calcinosis

Diagnosis
If a patient presents with persistent vomiting and hypercalcemia particularly in the presence
of normal parathyroid hormone, then a diagnosis of overdose of vitamin D should be
suspected because its correction not only alleviates symptoms but can also prevent acute
kidney injury.

 By clinical features of hypercalcemia


 Elevated serum and urine level of calcium
 Reduced serum level of parathormone (intact)
 Serum 25(OH)D level > 100ng/ml

7
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Treatment
Correction of hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is usually controlled by restriction of dietary calcium intake and appropriate
attention to hydration.

Discontinuation of vitamin D
This usually leads to resolution of hypercalcemia. Reduction of dietary calcium and vitamin
D intake is effective for treating hypercalcemia due to increased intestinal calcium
absorption.

Medication
Vitamin D stores in fat may be substantial, and vitamin D intoxication may persist for weeks
after Vitamin D ingestion is terminated. Hypercalcemia of vitamin D intoxication results
from increased intestinal absorption of calcium and from the direct effect of 1.25[OH]D to
increase resorption of bone in severe cases. These need appropriate homoeopathic
remedies.

Homoeopathic remedies for hypervitaminosis D


The following are the top 10 Homoeopathic remedies to combat hypervitaminosis D-

Alumina
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 GENERALS – REFLEXES - diminished
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE - COPIOUS- night
 GENERALS – LOSS - fluids, of
 KIDNEYS - STONES
 STOMACH – APPETITE - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 CHEST - PALPITATION of heart - irregular
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING – LOST

Argentum nitricum
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 GENERALS - REFLEXES - diminished
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE – COPIOUS - night
 KIDNEYS - STONES
 STOMACH – APPETITE - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 GENERALS - HYPERTENSION

8
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

 CHEST - PALPITATION of heart - irregular


 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING - LOST

Carbolic acid
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE – COPIOUS - night
 GENERALS – LOSS - fluids, of
 KIDNEYS - RENAL FAILURE - acute
 STOMACH – APPETITE - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA

Colchicum
 MIND - INACITVITY
 GENERALS - WEAKNESS- Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 URINE - COPIOUS
 STOMACH – Appetite - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - Constipation
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 CHEST- PALPITATION of heart - irregular
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING - LOST

Digitalis
 MIND - Inactivity
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE - COPIOUS- night
 GENERALS - LOSS- fluids, of
 KIDNEYS - RENAL FAILURE- acute
 STOMACH - APPETITE- wanting
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 GENERALS - HYPERTENSION
 CHEST- Palpitation of heart - irregular
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING – LOST

9
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Iodium
 GENERALS - WEAKNESS - Muscular
 GENERALS - OSTEOMALACIA
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 URINE - COPIOUS
 GENERALS - LOSS-fluids, of
 STOMACH - APPETITE- wanting
 ABDOMEN - INFLAMMATION - Pancreas
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 GENERALS - HYPERTENSION
 CHEST - PALPITATION of heart - irregular
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING - LOST

Kalium brom
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 GENERALS - REFLEXES· diminished
 URINE - COPIOUS
 STOMACH - APPETITE· wanting
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING - LOST

Kalium phos
 MIND - INACTIVITY
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE – COPIOUS - night
 GENERALS· LOSS - fluids, of
 STOMACH· APPETITE - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 GENERALS - HYPERTENSION
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING – LOST

Merc cor
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 GENERALS - OSTEOMALACIA
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 URINE - COPIOUS

10
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

 STOMACH – APPETITE - wanting


 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 HEARING - IMPAIRED
 HEARING -LOST

Opium
 MIND - INACTIVITY
 GENERALS – WEAKNESS - Muscular
 MIND - CONFUSION of mind
 MIND - COMA
 GENERALS – REFLEXES - diminished
 URINE - COPIOUS
 URINE – COPIOUS - night
 KIDNEYS - STONES
 KIDNEYS - RENAL FAILURE - acute
 STOMACH - APPETITE - wanting
 STOMACH - ULCERS
 RECTUM - CONSTIPATION
 STOMACH - NAUSEA
 HEARING - IMPAIRED

Short repertory of vitamin D intoxication


ABDOMEN - INFLAMMATION – Pancreas achy. atro-s. Atro. bar-m. bell. bol-la. carb-an. Con.
dios. fel Iod. Iris Kali-i. lept. Merc. mom-b. mucot. pancr. phos. SPONG.
CHEST - PALPITATION of heart – irregular alum. apoc. arg-n. ARS. aur-m. aur. cact. Chel.
Cocc. colch. conv. Crat. croc. Dig. glon. glycyr-g. hir. ign. iod. kali-c. kalm. lach. lil-t. Lyc.
lycps-v. Mang. merc. mosch. naja NAT-M. nit-ac. nux-v. Ox-ac. phos. Sang. ser-ang. spartin.
spig. spong. stram. sulph. tarent. ther. visc. Zinc.
GENERALS – HYPERTENSION acon. adon. Adren. agar. ail. all-s. Am-m. Ambr. aml-ns. anh.
ant-ar. aran-ix. aran. arg-n. arn. ars. asar. aster. aur-br. aur-i. aur-m-n. aur-m. Aur. Bar-c.
bar-m. bell. cactin-m. cal-ren. calc-f. calc-p. calc. caust. chinin-s. chlor. chloram. chlorpr.
coff. CON. convo-s. cortico. cortiso. crat. crot-c. cupr-act. cupr-ar. cupr. cyna. cyt-l. dig.
diph. dulc. ergot. esp-g. ferr-i. fl-ac. gels. glon. glycyr-g. Grat. grin. ign. iod. iris kali-c.
kali-chl. kali-m. kali-p. kali-sal. kres. lac-c. lach. lat-m. lyc. lycps-v. mag-c. mand. med.
meli. methys. morg-p. naja nat-m. nit-ac. nux-v. onop. ph-ac. phos. phys. pic-ac. pitu-gl.
pitu-p. pitu. plb-i. Plb. psor. pulm-a. puls. rad-br. Rauw. reser. rhus-t. sang. scop. Sec. sep.
Ser-ang. sil. spartin-s. spartin. squil. Stront-c. Stront-i. sulph. Sumb. syph. tab. thal. thlas.
thuj. tub-m. tub. uran-n. valer. vanad. verat-v. VERAT. Visc.
GENERALS - LOSS - fluids, of abrot. acon. agar. alum. anac. ant-c. ant-t. arg-met. arn. ars-
i. Ars. bell. bism. borx. bov. brom. bry. bufo Calad. CALC-P. CALC. cann-s. canth. caps.
carb-ac. Carb-an. CARB-V. Carbn-s. caust. cham. CHIN. Chinin-ar. CHININ-S. cimic. cina
coff. Con. Crot-h. Cupr. dig. dulc. ferr-ar. Ferr. GRAPH. ham. helo. hep. ign. Iod. ip. Kali-
c. Kali-p. lach. led. lyc. m-ambo. m-aust. mag-m. Merc. mez. mosch. nat-c. nat-m. Nat-p.
nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. petr. PH-AC. Phos. plat. plb. psor. PULS. ran-b. rhod. rhus-t. ruta
sabad. samb. sec. SEL. SEP. Sil. spig. Squil. stann. STAPH. stram. sul-ac. Sulph. thuj. valer.
verat. zinc.

11
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

GENERALS – OSTEOMALACIA Iod. merc-c. ph-ac.


GENERALS – OSTEOPOROSIS cortico. cortiso. fl-ac.
GENERALS - REFLEXES – diminished alum. arg-n. cur. kali-br. oena. op. phys.
GENERALS - WEAKNESS – Muscular acet-ac. acon. agar. Alet. alum. alumn. am-c. am-caust.
am-m. anac. anh. ant-c. Ant-t. Apis apoc. arg-n. arn. ars. asaf. aur. BAR-C. bar-m. bell.
berb. borx. Bov. bry. Calc. Camph. cann-xyz. canth. Carb-ac. Carb-v. caust. cham. Chin.
Chlol. cimic. clem. cocc. colch. coll. Con. cortico. Croc. Cupr. Dig. dros. Dulc. euphr. ferr-
m. ferr-p. Ferr. GELS. graph. guaj. Hell. helon. hep. hydr. hyos. ign. iod. kali-bi. kali-br.
kali-c. kali-hp. kali-n. kali-p. kalm. laur. Led. lob. Luf-op. Lyc. m-arct. macro. mag-c. mag-
m. mag-p. mang. meny. MERC-C. merc. mez. mur-ac. Nat-c. NAT-M. NIT-AC. Nux-m. nux-v.
olnd. onos. Op. pall. petr. ph-ac. phos. phys. physal-al. PIC-AC. pip-m. Plat. plb-act. Plb.
puls. rad-br. rheum Rhod. RHUS-T. Ruta sabad. sarcol-ac. sec. Seneg. senn. Sep. Sil. sin-n.
spartin-s. spig. stann. stram. stront-c. stry-p. Stry. sul-ac. Sulph. tab. ter. thuj. thyr. verat-
v. Verat. zinc.
HEARING – IMPAIRED acon. aeth. agar. agn. Agra. alco. alet. All-c. alum-p. alum-sil. alum.
Am-c. Am-m. Ambr. Anac. Ang. ant-c. ap-g. Apis arg-met. arg-n. Arn. ars-i. ars-s-f. Ars.
asaf. Asar. aster. aur-ar. aur-i. aur-m. aur-s. Aur. Bapt. BAR-C. bar-i. Bar-m. bar-s. BELL.
borx. Bov. Bry. bufo cact. cadm-met. caj. calad. calc-f. calc-i. Calc-p. calc-sil. CALC. calen.
cann-i. cann-s. canth. caps. CARB-AN. CARB-V. carbn-o. CARBN-S. CAUST. cedr. cham.
cheir. Chel. Chen-a. chin-b. CHIN. chinin-ar. chinin-s. chlf. Chlor. Cic. cimic. cist. cit-v.
clem. coc-c. Cocc. coff. colch. coloc. com. Con. conin. cor-r. croc. crot-c. crot-h. Crot-t.
CUPR. Cycl. der. dig. diosm. Dros. dulc. Elaps euph. Euphr. ferr-ar. Ferr-i. ferr-p. ferr-pic.
Ferr. Fl-ac. Form. gad. gamb. gaul. Gels. Glon. GRAPH. grat. guaj. guar. guare. Hell. Hep.
hippoz. hydr-ac. Hydr. hydrobr-ac. HYOS. iber. ign. Iod. iodof. Ip. jatr-c. kali-ar. Kali-bi.
Kali-br. Kali-c. kali-chl. kali-i. kali-m. kali-n. kali-p. kali-s. kali-sil. kalm. Kreos. Lach. lachn.
Lact. Laur. Led. lepi. lil-t. lob. LYC. m-ambo. m-arct. m-aust. Mag-c. Mag-m. mag-p. mang-
act. Mang. med. meny. meph. merc-c. Merc-d. merc-i-r. Merc. merl. mez. mosch. Mur-ac.
nat-ar. Nat-c. NAT-M. Nat-p. Nat-sal. nicc. nicot. NIT-AC. nux-m. Nux-v. ol-j. olnd. onos.
op. par. peti. PETR. PH-AC. PHOS. phys. phyt. plat. Plb. psil. Psor. PULS. ran-b. rham-cal.
rheum rhod. Rhus-t. rhus-v. rob. Ruta Sabad. Sabin. Sal-ac. salin. Sang. sangin-n. sarr. sars.
SEC. sel. Sep. SIL. Spig. Spong. squil. stann. Staph. Stram. Sul-ac. sul-i. SULPH. syph. tab.
tarax. tarent. Tell. tep. teucr. ther. Thiosin. thuj. valer. verat-v. Verat. VERB. viol-o. wies.
zinc-p. zinc.
HEARING – LOST acon. aconin. Agar. agra. all-s. alum. am-c. Ambr. Anac. ant-c. ant-t. Arg-
n. arn. Ars-i. ars. asaf. Asar. aur-ar. Aur-m. aur-s. aur. bar-c. Bar-m. BELL. borx. bry. caj.
calc-f. Calc. calen. cann-s. caps. carb-an. Carb-v. Carbn-s. carl. CAUST. cham. cheir. Chel.
chen-a. chin. chinin-s. chinin-sal. chlor. Cic. cob-n. coca cocc. colch. con. cortico. croc.
crot-t. cupr. dig. dros. dulc. Elaps ferr-p. ferr-pic. form. gels. Glon. Graph. gua. HEP.
hippoz. hydr-ac. hydr. hydrobr-ac. Hyos. iod. ip. jatr-c. kali-ar. kali-bi. kali-br. kali-c. kali-
i. kali-m. Kali-n. kali-p. kali-s. kara kreos. lac-c. lach. lachn. lam. laur. led. lepi. lob-e. lob.
lol. LYC. Lyss. M-arct. mag-c. mag-m. mag-p. mang-act. mang. med. meny. meph. merc-c.
merc-d. merc. mez. mosch. Mur-ac. nat-c. nat-m. nat-p. nat-s. nat-sal. nicc. nit-ac. NUX-
V. ol-an. ol-j. olnd. peti. petr. ph-ac. phos. pilo. Plat. plb. psor. puls-n. Puls. querc-r-g-s.
raph. rham-cal. rheum rhod. rhus-t. rhus-v. rob. ros-d. sabad. sal-ac. salin. sang. sangin-n.
sarr. scroph-xyz. Sec. sep. sil. solid. sphing. SPIG. spong. stann. Stram. SULPH. syph. tell.
ther. Thiosin. thymol. ulm-c. verat. verb. vib-t. viol-o. vip. visc. zinc.

12
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

KIDNEYS - RENAL FAILURE – acute am-c. anthraci. Apis Aral-h. bapt. canth. Carb-ac. Crot-h.
Cupr-act. cupr-ar. cupr. dig. Hydr-ac. Hyos. Lach. Laur. Morph. Op. pic-ac. plb. sec. Stram.
KIDNEYS - RENAL FAILURE am-be. benz-ac. berb. cupr-ar. fuma-ac. helon. juni-c. nat-ox-
act. solid.
KIDNEYS – STONES act-sp. alum. am-c. am-m. ambr. Ant-c. apoc. Arg-n. arn. baros. bell-p.
bell. BENZ-AC. Berb. cact. cal-ren. CALC. Cann-xyz. Canth. cham. chin. chinin-s. Chlf.
cimic. coc-c. coloc. Dios. epig. equis-h. erig. ery-a. eup-pur. fab. frag. gali. guat. hed.
hedeo. hep. hydrang. ipom-p. kali-bi. kali-c. kali-i. lach. lipp. LITH-C. LYC. mag-p. med.
mill. nat-m. Nit-ac. nux-m. nux-v. oci. onis. op. oxyd. PAREIR. Petr. Phos. pipe. polyg-h.
rub-t. Ruta saroth. SARS. Sep. Sil. solid. Stigm. sulfa. sulph. Tab. ter. thlas. thuj. urt-u. uva
vesi. Zinc.
MIND – COMA absin. Acon. aesc-g. aeth. aether agar-cit. agar-pa. agar-ph. agn. agro. ail.
alco. alum. am-c. am-caust. ambr. amyg. anac. ant-t. Apis arg-n. ARN. ars. asar. atro. Bapt.
Bar-c. Bell. ben-n. benz-ac. benzol. both. bov. brom. bry. bufo cact. calc. Camph. cann-i.
cann-s. canth. Caps. carb-ac. Carbn-h. carbn-o. carbn-s. caust. cench. cham. chel. chen-a.
chin. chlf. chlor. cic. Cocc. Colch. con. cori-r. Crot-h. cupr-act. cupr-ar. CUPR. dat-m. dig.
dulc. euph-l. glon. guaj. Hell. hep. Hydr-ac. HYOS. Ign. iodof. ip. juni-v. kali-br. Kali-c.
Lach. laur. lil-t. lob-p. lon-x. lyc. mag-c. merc-c. merc. merl. mez. Morph. Mosch. mur-ac.
naja nat-c. Nat-m. nit-ac. NUX-M. NUX-V. oena. olnd. op. Ph-ac. phos. phyt. plat. plb. Puls.
ran-b. rheum rhod. Rhus-t. ruta santin. Sec. sel. sep. sil. sol-ni. spig. stann. staph. STRAM.
sul-ac. sulph. Tab. tanac. tarax. tax. ter. thuj. trinit. tub. valer. verat. viol-o. vip.
MIND - CONFUSION of mind abies-c. Abies-n. absin. acet-ac. acon-f. acon-s. Acon. act-sp.
aesc-g. Aesc. Aeth. aether Agar. agn. ail. alco. alet. alf. all-c. allox. aloe alum-sil. Alum.
am-c. am-m. ambr. aml-ns. amyg-p. amyg. anac-oc. Anac. ang. anh. ant-c. Ant-t. anthraci.
apis Apoc. arag. aran-ix. aran-sc. aran. arg-met. Arg-n. Arn. ars-i. Ars. asaf. Asar. aspar.
aster. atha. Atro. aur-m. Aur. Bapt. Bar-c. bar-i. Bar-m. bart. bell-p. BELL. benz-ac. berb.
bism-o. bism-sn. Bism. Borx. both-a. both. Bov. brom. BRY. Bufo bung-fa. cadm-met. calad.
calc-ar. calc-i. Calc-p. calc-s. Calc-sil. CALC. camph. CANN-I. Cann-s. Canth. Caps. carb-ac.
Carb-an. CARB-V. carbn-h. carbn-o. Carbn-s. carc. carl. caust. cere-b. cham. Chel. Chin.
chinin-ar. chinin-s. chlf. Chlol. chlor. chol. chr-ac. cic. cimic. cimx. cina cinnb. clem. Coc-
c. COCC. cod. coff-t. Coff. coffin. Colch. Coloc. com. Con. conin. cop. cori-r. corian-s. corn.
cortico. cot. Croc. Crot-c. Crot-h. crot-t. cund. cupr-ar. cupr-s. Cupr. cur. cycl. dat-a. dat-
m. dig. dios. dirc. Dros. Dulc. echi. ery-a. eucal. eug. euon-a. euon. eup-pur. euphr. eupi.
Fago. fagu. ferr-ar. ferr-p. Ferr. fl-ac. flor-p. form. Gels. gent-l. gins. GLON. glyc. gran.
Graph. grat. guare. ham. Hell. hep. hipp. hura hydr-ac. hydr. Hyos. Hyper. iber. ign. indg.
indol. iod. ip. irid-met. iris-foe. jab. jatr-c. jug-c. jug-r. kali-ar. kali-bi. Kali-br. Kali-c. kali-
i. kali-n. kali-p. kali-s. kalm. Kreos. lac-ac. Lac-c. LACH. lact-v. lact. Laur. Lec. led. lil-t.
lina. lob-p. lob. lol. loxo-recl. luf-op. Lyc. lyss. m-ambo. Mag-c. mag-m. mag-s. manc.
mand. mang. Med. meli. menth. Meny. meph. merc-c. MERC. Mez. morph. Mosch. mur-ac.
murx. myric. nabal. naja narcot. nat-ar. Nat-c. NAT-M. nat-p. nat-s. nicc. nit-ac. nit-s-d.
nitro-o. NUX-M. NUX-V. oci-sa. oena. Olnd. ONOS. OP. opun-s. opun-v. oreo. osm. oxeod.
par. ped. peti. PETR. ph-ac. phel. Phos. phys. Pic-ac. pip-m. pisc. pitu-gl. plan. plat. plb-
chr. Plb. psil. Psor. ptel. Puls. Pyrog. ran-b. ran-s. raph. rauw. rham-cal. rheum rhod. RHUS-
T. ruta Sabad. sabal sabin. sal-ac. samb. sang. sars. scut. Sec. sel. senec. Seneg. SEP. SIL.
Spig. spira. spirae. spong. squil. stann. Staph. stict. Stram. stront-c. STRY. sul-ac. sulfa.
sulfon. Sulph. syph. Tab. tanac. tarax. tax. tell. ter. teucr. ther. Thuj. thymol. tril-c. trom.
tub. tus-fr. vac. valer. Verat. verb. viol-o. viol-t. vip. xan. xero. ZINC-P. zinc-val. Zinc.

13
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

MIND – INACTIVITY allox. aran. bapt. Bar-c. cadm-met. carbn-dox. Chel. colch. con. conin-
br. corian-s. dig. gels. hydroph. ign. kali-p. Mag-m. mand. op. puls. rad-br. succ-ac. tamrnd.
trios. Zinc.
RECTUM – CONSTIPATION abies-c. abies-n. abrom-a. Abrot. acet-ac. acon. Aesc-g. AESC.
Aeth. Agar. agav-a. Agn. alet. allox. Aloe alum-p. alum-sil. ALUM. ALUMIN. ALUMN. Am-c.
Am-m. Ambr. ammc. amph. Anac. anan. Ang. ant-c. ant-t. anth. APIS Arg-met. Arg-n. arist-
cl. arn. Ars-i. ARS. arund. asaf. asar. asc-c. asc-t. aster. aur-ar. aur-i. aur-m. aur-s. Aur.
bad. Bar-c. bar-i. Bar-m. bar-s. bell. Berb. bol-la. borx. botul. bov. brach. BRY. bung-fa.
Cact. cadm-met. calad. calc-f. calc-i. Calc-p. Calc-s. calc-sil. CALC. camph. cann-s. canth.
caps. Carb-ac. Carb-an. Carb-v. carbn-dox. CARBN-S. carc. Card-m. carl. cas-s. casc. caul.
CAUST. cham. Chel. Chim. Chin. chinin-ar. chinin-s. chion. chr-ac. cic. cimx. cina CLEM.
cob-n. Coca COCC. COFF. colch. COLL. Coloc. CON. Cop. cor-r. cortiso. Croc. Crot-c. Crot-
h. crot-t. cub. cuph. cupr. cycl. Daph. Dig. Dios. dol. dros. Dulc. Elaps ery-a. eug. euon.
eup-per. euph. euphr. fel Ferr-ar. Ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr. fic-c. Fl-ac. flor-p. Form. gal-ac.
Gamb. gels. Glyc. GRAPH. Grat. Guaj. guat. ham. hed. hedy. Hell. helodr-cal. hep. hippoz.
hir. Hydr. Hydrc. hydroph. hyos. Hyper. Ign. Iod. Iris jab. jac-c. Jatr-c. Kali-ar. Kali-bi. Kali-
br. Kali-c. Kali-chl. Kali-i. kali-m. kali-n. kali-p. Kali-s. kali-sil. Kreos. lac-ac. LAC-D. LACH.
lact-v. Laur. led. Lept. Lil-t. luf-op. LYC. lycps-v. m-ambo. m-arct. Mag-c. MAG-M. mag-s.
Manc. mand. mang. med. meli. Meny. merc-c. Merc-i-f. Merc. MEZ. mim-p. morph. Mosch.
Mur-ac. murx. musa myric. nabal. naja Nat-ar. Nat-c. nat-f. NAT-M. nat-p. nat-s. nicc-met.
nicc-s. nicc. NIT-AC. nit-m-ac. Nux-m. NUX-V. nyct. oci-sa. OENA. olnd. OP. osm. Ox-ac.
paeon. pall. par. paraf. petr. ph-ac. PHOS. phys. Phyt. PLAT. Plb-act. PLB. Podo. Psor. Ptel.
Puls. Pyrog. querc-r. ran-b. Raph. Rat. rham-cal. rheum rhod. rhus-t. rob. RUTA Sabad.
Sabin. sang. SANIC. saroth. Sars. Sec. secret. Sel. Seneg. senn. SEP. sil-mar. SIL. silphu. sol
spig. Spong. squil. Stann. STAPH. STRAM. stront-c. STRY. Sul-ac. sul-i. sulfa. SULPH. sumb.
Sym-r. syph. Tab. tann-ac. Tarent. tell. Ter. thal-s. Ther. THUJ. tril-p. Trios. tub-m. Tub.
urt-u. ust. vario. ven-m. VERAT. Verb. vesp. Vib. viol-o. viol-t. visc. zinc-fcy. zinc-m. zinc-
p. ZINC.
STOMACH - APPETITE – wanting Abies-n. abrot. absin. acet-ac. acetan. Acon. aesc. aeth.
Agar. ail. alet. alf. All-c. aloe alum-p. Alum. am-c. am-m. ambr. Anac. ang. anh. anil. Ant-
c. Ant-i. ant-t. Anthraci. apis apoc. arg-met. Arg-n. arist-cl. Arn. ars-br. ars-h. ars-i. ARS.
arum-t. asaf. ASAR. asc-t. aster. aur-m. aur. BAC. Bapt. Bar-c. bar-i. Bar-m. bar-s. bell.
ben. Berb. beryl. bism. Bol-la. Borx. Bov. brach. Brom. Bry. but-ac. Cact. cadm-met. calad.
Calc-ar. calc-i. calc-p. calc-s. calc-sil. CALC. camph. cann-s. canth. caps. Carb-ac. Carb-an.
Carb-v. carbn-s. carc. Card-m. Caust. cench. CHAM. CHEL. CHIN. chinin-ar. chinin-s. chion.
Chlor. Cic. cimic. Cina cinnb. clem. cob-n. coca COCC. Coff. Colch. coloc. Con. convo-s.
cop. cor-r. cortico. croc. crot-t. cund. cupr-ar. cupr-n. cupr. CYCL. daph. dig. dros. dulc.
echi. echit. elat. eup-per. euph. euphr. Ferr-ar. Ferr-i. ferr-p. FERR. Fl-ac. flor-p. galeg.
gels. gent-l. glon. glyc. Glycyr-g. gran. graph. Guaj. guat. gymno. hed. hell-o. hell. helodr-
cal. helon. Hep. Hydr. hydrc. hyos. hyper. Ign. ind. indg. Iod. Ip. Iris jatr-c. jug-c. jug-r.
kali-ar. KALI-BI. Kali-br. kali-c. kali-chl. Kali-i. kali-m. Kali-n. kali-p. Kali-s. kali-sil. kreos.
lac-d. lac-f. lach. lact. laur. Lec. led. lil-t. lir-o. lob. LYC. lyss. m-ambo. m-arct. m-aust.
Mag-c. mag-m. mag-s. manc. Mang. med. Meph. Merc-c. merc-d. Merc. Mez. mosch. Mur-
ac. muru. murx. myric. naja nat-ar. nat-c. nat-f. NAT-M. nat-p. nat-s. nicc. nit-ac. Nux-m.
NUX-V. oci-sa. olnd. op. osm. ox-ac. Petr. Ph-ac. PHOS. phyt. pic-ac. pip-m. pisc. plat. Plb.
Podo. prun-v. prun. Psor. ptel. PULS. ran-b. ran-s. raph. rat. rheum rhod. RHUS-T. Ruta
sabad. Sabin. samb. Sang. Sarr. sars. sec. sel. senec. Seneg. SEP. SIL. sol-t-ae. Spig. spong.
squil. stann. staph. stram. stront-c. stry-ar. Stry-p. Sul-ac. sul-i. sulfa. SULPH. sumb. sym-

14
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

r. Syph. tab. tarax. tarent. tell. tep. Ter. teucr. Thuj. trios. trom. tub-a. tub-m. upa. urt-
u. vac. valer. vanad. verat. verb. viol-t. vip. xan. yohim. zinc. zing.
STOMACH – NAUSEA absin. acet-ac. acon-l. acon-s. Acon. act-sp. adon. adren. Aesc. Aeth.
aether Agar. agn. ail. alco. all-c. All-s. Aloe alum-p. alum-sil. Alum. alumn. am-c. Am-m.
am-p. ambr. aml-ns. Anac. anan. ang. Ango. anh. ANT-C. ANT-T. anth. apis apoc-a. apoc.
apom. aq-mar. aral. Aran. Arg-met. ARG-N. arist-cl. arn. ars-h. ars-i. ARS. arund. asaf. Asar.
Asc-c. astac. aster. atro. aur-i. aur-m-n. aur-s. aur. Bapt. Bar-c. bar-i. bar-m. bart. bell-p.
BELL. benz-ac. Berb. Bism. Bol-la. bol-s. bomb-pr. borx. both. Bov. brach. brom. brucin.
Bry. bufo bux. cact. Cadm-s. cain. caj. calad. Calc-p. Calc-s. Calc. Camph. cann-s. canth.
Caps. Carb-ac. Carb-an. Carb-v. carbn-dox. CARBN-S. Card-m. carl. casc. castm. catal. caul.
Caust. cent. CHAM. Chel. chen-a. chim-m. CHIN. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Chion. chlf. Chr-ac.
chrys-ac. cic-m. Cic. Cimic. Cina cinch. Cist. cit-v. clem. cob-n. COCC. Cod. coff-t. coff.
COLCH. Coll. Coloc. com. Con. convo-s. cop. cor-r. cori-r. corian-s. Corn. croc. Crot-c. Crot-
h. Crot-t. Cub. cund. Cupr-ar. Cupr-s. CUPR. Cycl. daph. delphin. der. DIG. digin. digox.
dios. diosm. dros. dub. DULC. Echi. echit. elaps Elat. emetin. erech. erig. erio. eryth. eug.
euon. Eup-per. Euph. euphr. eupi. fago. fagu. Ferr-ar. ferr-i. ferr-m. Ferr-p. ferr-s. Ferr.
Fl-ac. flor-p. Form. gal-ac. Gamb. gast. Gels. genist. gent-c. gent-l. gins. glon. Gran. Graph.
grat. grin. Guaj. haem. ham. hed. helia. hell-o. HELL. HEP. hera. home. hura hura-c. hydr-
ac. Hydr. hydrc. hydroph. hyos. hyper. iber. ichth. Ign. indg. inul. Iod. IP. IRIS IRIS-FL. jab.
jac-c. jal. jatr-c. jug-r. KALI-AR. Kali-bi. kali-br. KALI-C. kali-chl. kali-cy. kali-i. kali-m. kali-
n. kali-p. Kali-s. kali-tel. kalm. kiss. kou. kreos. Lac-ac. Lac-c. lac-d. lacer. Lach. lachn.
lact. Laur. lec. led. lepi. lept. lil-t. lina. linu-c. lipp. lith-c. lob-c. LOB. lol. loxo-recl. luf-
op. lup. Lyc. lyss. m-ambo. m-arct. m-aust. mag-c. Mag-m. Mag-p. mag-s. maland. manc.
mang. med. meny. meph. merc-br. merc-c. merc-cy. Merc-i-f. merc-i-r. merc-n. Merc. merl.
Mez. micr. mim-p. mit. mom-ch. morph. Mosch. Mur-ac. mygal. myric. Naja narc-po. narc-
ps. narcot. Nat-ar. Nat-c. nat-f. NAT-M. Nat-p. nat-s. nicc. Nit-ac. nit-s-d. nitro-o. nux-m.
NUX-V. nyct. oci-sa. oena. Ol-an. ol-j. olnd. onis. onos. op. opun-f. opun-xyz. ost. Ox-ac.
paeon. pall. pana. par. paull. pen. PETR. Ph-ac. phel. Phos. phys. Phyt. Pic-ac. picro. pitu-
p. plan. plat-m-n. Plat. plb-tae. Plb. plect. plumbg. Podo. prin. Prun. psil. Psor. ptel. PULS.
pulx. quas. rad-br. ran-a. Ran-b. Ran-s. Raph. rat. rauw. rham-f. Rheum Rhod. RHUS-T.
Rhus-v. rumx. ruta Sabad. sabin. Samb. SANG. sangin-t. sapin. sarcol-ac. Sars. scol. Sec.
sel. senec. Seneg. senn. SEP. SIL. sin-n. sol-t-ae. sphing. spig. spirae. spong. Squil. stach.
Stann. staph. stram. stront-c. stry. Sul-ac. sul-h. sul-i. sulfa. sulo-ac. SULPH. sumb. sym-r.
syph. TAB. Tarax. tarent. tart-ac. tax. tep. Ter. teucr. Ther. Thuj. thymol. thyr. til. trach.
Trios. tub. tus-p. upa. uran-met. uran-n. urt-u. ust. uva VALER. Ven-m. Verat-v. VERAT.
verb. vesp. vichy-g. vinc. viol-t. vip. wies. wye. x-ray xan. yohim. zinc-fcy. zinc-p. ZINC.
zing. ziz.
STOMACH – ULCERS abies-n. acet-ac. acetyls-ac. acon. aesc. agav-a. alum-p. alum. alumn.
anac. ant-c. ant-t. Arg-n. Ars. atro-s. Atro. bapt. bell. berb. bism. brom. cadm-met. cadm-
s. Calc-ar. calc-p. calc. canth. carb-ac. carb-an. carb-v. carc. caust. CHEL. chin. chlorpr.
colch. con. cortico. Crot-h. cund. Cur. Dys. elaps emblc. erig. euph. ferr-act. ferr. fl-ac.
ger. graph. grat. grin. Ham. hist-m. HYDR. iod. Ip. iris KALI-BI. Kali-c. kali-i. kali-p. Kreos.
lach. LYC. mag-c. med. Merc-c. merc-i-f. merc. Mez. nat-c. nat-m. nat-p. nat-s. Nit-ac.
Nux-v. op. orni. penic. petr. PHOS. plb-act. plb. prot. PSOR. ptel. ran-b. rat. rob. ruta sal-
ac. SEP. sil. sin-a. staph. sul-ac. sulph. symph. syph. tab. tub. uran-met. Uran-n. vario.
verat.
URINE - COPIOUS – night agar. allox. aloe alum. am-c. Am-m. ambr. Ant-c. ant-t. Apis Arg-
met. arg-n. ars. Bapt. bar-c. bar-s. Bell. bov. bry. Cact. CALC-F. calc. Carb-ac. Carb-an.

15
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

caust. chim. chin. chinin-ar. chlol. coloc. cop. cupr. cycl. Dig. euphr. Gels. graph. hep.
hyper. kali-c. kali-chl. kali-i. kali-m. kali-n. kali-p. Kreos. Lac-c. Led. Lith-c. LYC. mag-c.
mag-p. Med. Merc. mez. Murx. nat-ar. nat-c. Nat-m. nat-p. Nat-s. nicc. nux-v. op. paeon.
petr. Ph-ac. phos. phys. phyt. plan. plect. prun. quas. rhus-r. rhus-t. ruta sabad. samb.
Sang. Sars. seneg. Sil. sin-n. SPIG. squil. Stram. SULPH. ther. Thuj. uran-met. URAN-N.
vichy-g. zinc.
URINE – COPIOUS abrom-a. ACET-AC. Acon. adon. aesc. Aeth. Agar. agn. all-c. all-s. allox.
ALOE alum-p. alum-sil. Alum. alumn. am-c. Am-m. am-n. Ambr. anac. anan. ang. Ant-c.
ant-t. Anthraci. anthraco. Apis Apoc. aran-sc. ARG-MET. ARG-N. arn. ars-br. ars-i. ars-s-f.
Ars. Arum-t. asc-c. ASPAR. aster. atro. aur-ar. aur-i. Aur-m-n. Aur-m. aur-s. Aur. Bar-c. bar-
i. bar-m. Bell. benz-ac. berb. Bism. bov. brach. brom. bry. bufo Cact. cadm-met. Cain. calc-
f. calc-i. Calc-p. calc-sil. Calc. Camph. CANN-I. cann-s. cann-xyz. Canth. caps. carb-ac.
Carb-an. carb-v. carbn-s. card-m. caru. caust. cench. cham. Chel. Chim. Chin. chinin-ar.
chinin-s. Chlol. chlor. cic. Cimic. Cina cinnb. Clem. cob-n. cob. coc-c. cocc. coch. Coff.
Colch. Coloc. Con. conv. cop. Crot-c. Crot-h. crot-t. cub. Cupr. cur. Cycl. cyt-l. Daph. Dig.
dros. dulc. Echi. elaps elat. Equis-h. erig. ery-a. eucal. eup-per. Eup-pur. euph. euphr. eupi.
fab. fago. ferr-ar. ferr-i. ferr-m. ferr-ma. ferr-p. Ferr. Fl-ac. flor-p. foen-an. form. gal-ac.
gali. gamb. GELS. gins. glon. glycyr-g. gnaph. graph. grat. guaj. ham. hed. hedy. hell-o.
hell. Helon. hep. hyos. Ign. ins. Iod. ip. Iris jatr-c. junc-e. kali-ar. Kali-bi. kali-br. Kali-c.
kali-chl. Kali-i. Kali-n. Kali-p. Kali-s. kali-sil. Kalm. kola KREOS. lac-ac. LAC-C. Lac-d. Lach.
lact. lappa laur. Lec. LED. Lil-t. Lith-c. lob. Lyc. Lycps-v. lyss. m-arct. m-aust. Mag-c. mag-
p. Mag-s. mang. med. Meli. Merc-c. merc-i-f. Merc-i-r. MERC. mez. morph. MOSCH. MUR-
AC. Murx. mygal. Nat-ar. NAT-C. nat-m. Nat-p. NAT-S. nicc-s. nicc. nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v.
oci-sa. Ol-an. olnd. op. opun-s. Ox-ac. oxyt. pall. par. petr. Petros. PH-AC. Phos. Phyt. pic-
ac. pin-s. pitu-p. Plan. Plb. Podo. Prun. psor. ptel. PULS. Raph. rat. rauw. rheum Rhod.
rhodi. RHUS-R. RHUS-T. Ros-ca. rumx. ruta sabad. Sabin. samb. sang. sanic. santin. saroth.
sarr. Sars. scop. sec. sel. Senec. Seneg. sep. sil. spartin-s. spartin. SPIG. spong. SQUIL.
stann. Staph. stict. stram. stront-c. stroph-s. sul-ac. sul-i. sulfonam. SULPH. Syzyg. tab.
Tarax. Tarent. tax. tell. Ter. Teucr. Ther. thiosin. Thuj. thymol. Thyroiod. trad. tril-p. uran-
met. URAN-N. valer. ven-m. verat-v. Verat. VERB. vib. Viol-t. vip. visc. yohim. zinc-p. zinc.
zing.

Bibliography

Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis > GLUCOCORTICOIDS Basic & Clinical
Pharmacology, 14e... of glucocorticoids on bone mineral homeostasis, these hormones have
proved useful in reversing the hypercalcemia associated with lymphomas and granulomatous
diseases such as sarcoidosis (in which unregulated ectopic production of 1,25[OH] 2 D occurs)
or in cases of vitamin D intoxication. Prolonged administration...

Calcium Disorders > Glucocorticoids Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine, 2e...
In myeloma, vitamin D intoxication, or disorders associated with ectopic production of 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D, such as sarcoidosis and lymphoma, glucocorticoids can be very
effective. Glucocorticoids impair vitamin D action, inhibit intestinal calcium absorption, and
may have a direct...

16
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

Common Laboratory Tests > Increased calcium: hypercalcemia DeGowin’s Diagnostic


Examination, 10e... Hypercalcemia indicates increased bone breakdown, decreased renal
excretion and/or vitamin D intoxication. CLINICAL OCCURRENCE: Endocrine: Primary
hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Cushing disease, Addison disease;
Idiopathic: Osteoporosis, Paget disease...

Digestion & Absorption of Nutrients > VITAMINS Ganong's Review of Medical


Physiology, 26e..., that very large doses of the fat-soluble vitamins are definitely toxic.
Hypervitaminosis A is characterized by anorexia, headache, hepatosplenomegaly,
irritability, scaly dermatitis, patchy loss of hair, bone pain, and hyperostosis. Acute vitamin
A intoxication was first described by Arctic explorers, who...

Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis > Vitamin D Intoxication
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e... D intoxication is due to an excessive
biologic action of the vitamin, perhaps the consequence of increased levels of 25(OH)D
rather than merely increased levels of the active metabolite 1,25(OH) 2 D (the latter may
not be elevated in vitamin D intoxication). 25(OH)D has definite, if low, biologic...

Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis > Vitamin A Intoxication
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e... Vitamin A intoxication is a rare cause of
hypercalcemia and is most commonly a side effect of dietary faddism (Chap. 326) . Calcium
levels can be elevated into the 3–3.5-mmol/L (12–14 mg/dL) range after the ingestion of
50,000–100,000 units of vitamin A daily (10–20 times the minimum daily...

Encyclopedia Homoeopathica

Endocrine Disorders > E. Hypophosphatasia Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment


2019... and other causes of low serum alkaline phosphatase, such as early pregnancy,
hypothyroidism, myeloma, severe anemia, or vitamin D intoxication. ...

Endocrine Disorders > HYPERVITAMINOSIS D Current Diagnosis & Treatment:


Pediatrics, 24e... Vitamin D intoxication is almost always the result of ingestion of excessive
amounts of vitamin D (Lietman, 2010). Signs, symptoms, and treatment of vitamin D–induced
hypercalcemia are the same as those in other hypercalcemic conditions. Treatment depends
on the severity of hypercalcemia...

Hyperparathyroidism > Differential Diagnosis Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment


2019... Artefactual hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia of malignancy Plasma cell myeloma

17
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)
Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy

(formerly multiple myeloma) Vitamin D intoxication Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis,


tuberculosis) Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Immobilization Hyperthyroidism
Vitamin...

Metabolic Bone Disease > Binding Proteins for Vitamin D Metabolites Greenspan's Basic
& Clinical Endocrinology, 10e... levels of 25(OH)D that characterize this condition displace
the often normal levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D, leading to elevated free and biologically active
concentrations of 1,25(OH) 2 D. This phenomenon at least partially explains the
hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria that mark vitamin D intoxication even...

Metabolic Bone Disease > Hypervitaminosis D Greenspan's Basic & Clinical


Endocrinology, 10e... Hypercalcemia may occur in individuals ingesting large doses of
vitamin D either therapeutically or accidentally (eg, irregularities in milk product
supplementation with vitamin D have been reported). The initial signs and symptoms of
vitamin D intoxication include weakness, lethargy, headaches...

Radar 10

Therapeutic Drugs and Antidotes > PYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B 6 ) Poisoning & Drug
Overdose, 7e... cause seizures by interfering with pyridoxine utilization in the brain, and
pyridoxine given in high doses can control these seizures rapidly and may hasten
consciousness. It can also correct the lactic acidosis secondary to isoniazid-induced impaired
lactate metabolism. In ethylene glycol intoxication...

Radar Opus 2.1.11

18
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)

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