Scribd
Upload
95 views4 pages

Unit 2: - Introduction To Machine Vision

Machine vision systems use cameras and computer hardware/software to acquire images, process and analyze them to make operational decisions. They are commonly used in industrial applications for inspection and quality control, guiding robots in manufacturing, and measuring part characteristics. A machine vision system works by using a camera to capture digital images, the computer then processes and analyzes the images to identify features and issues pass/fail results or provide other guidance based on what it detects in the images.

Uploaded by

Prophet Tempest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
95 views4 pages

Unit 2: - Introduction To Machine Vision

Machine vision systems use cameras and computer hardware/software to acquire images, process and analyze them to make operational decisions. They are commonly used in industrial applications for inspection and quality control, guiding robots in manufacturing, and measuring part characteristics. A machine vision system works by using a camera to capture digital images, the computer then processes and analyzes the images to identify features and issues pass/fail results or provide other guidance based on what it detects in the images.

Uploaded by

Prophet Tempest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Module 4

Unit 2
• Introduction to Machine Vision
According to the Automated Imaging Association (AIA), machine vision
encompasses all industrial and non-industrial applications in which a
combination of hardware and software provide operational guidance to devices
in the execution of their functions based on the capture and processing of
images.Though industrial computer vision uses many of the same algorithms
and approaches as academic/educational and governmental/military applications
of computer vision, constraints are different. Industrial vision systems demand
greater robustness, reliability, and stability compared with an
academic/educational vision system and typically cost much less than those
used in governmental/military applications.
Therefore, industrial machine vision implies low cost, acceptable accuracy, high
robustness, high reliability, and high mechanical, and temperature stability.
Machine vision systems rely on digital sensors protected inside industrial cameras
with specialized optics to acquire images, so that computer hardware and
software can process, analyze, and measure various characteristics for decision
making.
As an example, consider a fill-level inspection system at a brewery (Figure 1).
Each bottle of beer passes through an inspection sensor, which triggers a vision
system to flash a strobe light and take a picture of the bottle. After acquiring the
image and storing
it in memory, vision software processes or analyzes it and issues a pass-fail
response based on the fill level of the bottle. If the system detects an improperly
filled bottle—a fail—it signals a diverter to reject the bottle. An operator can
view rejected bottles and
ongoing process statistics on a display.Machine vision systems can also perform
objective measurements, such as determining a spark plug gap or providing
location information that guides a robot to align parts in a manufacturing
process. Figure 2 shows examples of how machine vision systems can be used
to pass or fail oil filters (right) and measure the width of a center tab on a
bracket (left).
Machine vision system is a ​sensor used in the robots for viewing and recognizing
an object with the help of a computer. It is mostly used in the industrial robots for
inspection purposes. This system is also known as ​artificial vision or computer
vision​. It has several components such as a camera, digital computer, digitizing
hardware, and an interface hardware & software. The machine vision process
includes three important tasks, namely:

Sensing & Digitizing Image Data:

A ​camera is used in the sensing and digitizing tasks for viewing the images. It will
make use of special lighting methods for gaining better picture contrast. These
images are changed into the digital form, and it is known as the ​frame of the vision
data​. A ​frame grabber is incorporated for taking digitized image continuously at
30 frames per second. Instead of scene projections, every frame is divided as a
matrix. By performing sampling operation on the image, the number of pixels can
be identified. The pixels are generally described by the elements of the matrix. A
pixel is decreased to a value for measuring the intensity of light. As a result of this
process, the intensity of every pixel is changed into the digital value and stored in
the computer’s memory.

Image Processing & Analysis:

In this function, the ​image interpretation and ​data reduction processes are done.
The threshold of an image frame is developed as a binary image for reducing the
data. The data reduction will help in converting the frame from raw image data to
the feature value data. The feature value data can be calculated via computer
programming. This is performed by ​matching the image descriptors like size and
appearance with the previously stored data on the computer.

The image processing and analysis function will be made more effective by
training the machine vision system regularly. There are several data collected in
the training process like length of perimeter, outer & inner diameter, area, and so
on. Here, the camera will be very helpful to identify the match between the
computer models and new objects of feature value data.

Applications:

Some of the important applications of the machine vision system in the robots are:

● Inspection
● Orientation
● Part Identification
● Location

There are some of the ​future improvements researches are going on for providing
highly-developed machine vision system in the complicated areas.

You might also like