Play With Graphs (Arihant)

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F ig 2 1 5 2
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ť
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2 15 5
G rap h fo r y
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F ro m a b o v e fig u r e
y - s in {× } O ś y < L
F ig 2 156
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,
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ı fo r y - x
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O N
SO LU T ı A s w e kn o w th e c u r v e y -
,
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F ig 2 1 6 0
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v a lu e s
G ra p h fo r {y » = s ln x
ne g le c te d
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A s w e hav e e a r lie r d is c u s s e d
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,
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r y
园
四
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F ig 2 162 Fı
g 2 16 3
G r a p h fo «y »
r = {x } Fro m a b o v e fig u re w e c a n se e y - {x } a tta in s a ll v a lu e s b e tw een [0 1 )
,
Thu s, h
g p re m
r a a in s s a m e
F ig 2 1 6 4
ijÞ
iliE.
S k e tc ìıth e cu R vE {y } = {c o s x }
in F ig 2 1 6 5
a s sh o w n
Ņ O LU T IO
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c o t x »
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t $ 2
F ig 2 1 7 1
in { l× l lx 1 1 lx + 1 1}
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f ig 2 17 4
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2 6 lW H E 阔歹(幻， g (幻号 f (x ) 君(x ) = h (x )
T e i s E « ıd t a p w o a c h b u t w e r n ï ı\ıse th e ft ı
llo w in g s t e p s if m in im u m an d m a x im u m o fa n y
c E m =
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s q p L E n a m S 【æļ a i «ĵ c ) Ś h (X ) Ś b f (X )
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g =
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2
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,
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y w hen 2 5 3
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-
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は (ıe ,
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th e c u r v e fo Jx
˜
四目
'
r y - [x ] is p e r io d ic w ith p e r io d ' 1 ' S h o w n a s in F ig 2 1 7 8
ー
レ
一
匡
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F ig 2 1 7 8
. .
l + J i ,
w hen 1ś x < o
,
w hen O ś x < 1
y r
l + lx i ,
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\
.
.
， g ：
Thu s, th e g ra p h fo r Y -
[× J + m
/
. is o b t a in e d b
y th e g ra p h f y
o =
Jx [x ] b y
» 0 o r [x } < a a cco rd in g as
r
一
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曲
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日
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F ig 2 1 7 9
Th w th e c tır v e fo r y - [× J + Jm i
Fr o m a bo w c tırv e w e co u ld d is c u s s th a t
y - fx l + ì
m is c o n t in u o u s a n d d iffe r e n d a b le fo r a ll x
T h e g ra p h fo r y -
l[ J J i l
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gw h o fy - [x ] + J a b o u t an d k e e p in g th e p o r tio n ly in g a b o v e a x i s (a s it is )
Th u s .
Th e g r a ph fo r y -
1[ 】
x + di l i I
F ig 2 1 8 0
2/3 3/ 2
y (1 x )
th e c u r v e
-
S k e tc h
i:H A M p L E
丁 H
一 S O L U T IO N e re
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kn th e y - x 1
SO LU T Ł
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F ig 2 1 8 5
. .
F lg 2 1 8 7
,
g 2 18 6
Fı
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一
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F ig 2 1 8 8
ー
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.
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F lg 2 1 8 9
. .
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0 1 1
X = 1
F ig 2 19 1
1 1
今ブー 2
y =
F ig 2 19 3
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ł
T X
. ; X '
y -
; k o
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= -
a s s e s r o u o r
(ii) w he n y - 0 4 e
2x
1 = 0 4 x = O
(iii) f ( x ) =
f( ) x
y is In c re a s in g fo r a ll x
(v ) ・
= e
2
dx
> 0 w h e n x > 0 c o n c a v e u p a n d in c r e a s in g
2
d .
a ls o J
O
< w h e n x < O
:
dx 2 c o n ca v e d o w n d in c r e a s in
g fr o
an
m a bov e d is c u s sio n
: x
y = e e
X
is p lo tte d a s sh o w n in F ig 2 1 9 6
:
o
e
F İg 2 1 9 7 O y 0
2
fro m y a く
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»
*
Ff 2 197 ￠
间 POtdng
o fy = イ1
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y - l+ e e ;x ž O
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F ig 2 1 9 9
F ig 2 198
F ro m a b o v e Į íg 2 1 9 8 'x ï
tx l e
・
》 y - l + e
アー e -
1 + e
X
e
X
x 0
4 Jv -
x < 0
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1
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l× l e
x
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e as
'. ı sho w n in P fg 2 1 9 9
G m p h fo r y - 11 + e e
x
1is
Pł þ4 X
l
m ng o f ly l 11 + = e e
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.
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«h a d e d p a r t l# a w a y fr o m o rl吕In ,
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F 18 2 2 0 2
ä )m d e d p a r t l* a w a y fro m 口「1吕ln
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y $ I -
'
r e s h a d e d p a r ts is t o w a r d s o r ig in
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a s
an y fi x e d p o in t s a y (0 0 ); in ł y lś 1
u tth ıg , x
p
X
叻 10 0 1ś 1
lx y lś 1
F ig 2 203
) To s k e tc h lx l+ ly lś 2
(llı
H e re ly I = 2 I× Iis p lo t te d a s
(I) O i)
F ig 2 204
c h e c k sh a d in g f
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= 2 l× I w,
e ca n o
ly lś 2 I× l o r l× l+ lJ lś 2
X
as a t (O O )
,
0 5 2 (tr u e )
s h a d in
g to w a r d s o r ig in sh o w n as in F ig 2 2 0 5
(iv ) S ke t
c hı
n g o f ïx 1 1y 1 1
T o s ke t F ig 2 2 0 5
ch I× l ly J 1 cee d as .
w e p ro
(lv )
F ig 2 2 0 6
S k e tc h th e
R P LE c u rv e
(i) A s w e kn ow
SO U T IO N
一 -
上
Þ X
2
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F ı
ııE
ı
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x + Y l+ l
ı x y ï5 4
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■
け
F ig 2 2 0 7
F ig 2 2 0 7
hen 2 Ś x Ś 2 an d Z S y į á - ııU V '
T hm to s h a d e th e p o r tio n w
,
ia
show n as
ū) 2 y 2
2 x ż 2 an d y ś o r
hen ś or
p o r tio n w x
T hu s , to sh a de th e
F ig 2 2 0 8
琊
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F \g 2 2 0 8
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tc fı t h e
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5 1; Ľ
(1) H 2 l' 'lJ
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ś
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'
ś 2 lx l コ
2 , w e p ro ce e d a s 勇
飾
e
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凋
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售
3
怎
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准
0 > x
洹
F ig 2 209
涛
一
倡
n e gı
ect
X 诩
卅
1 /2
瀛
自白、
O, y - O In IJ I <
p u tt in g x -
IĄc rc ,
fig u ı
E (iv ) is s h a d e d to w a r d s o r ig in a s
1 1 sha d e d to w a r d s o r ig in
0 Ś 1 o r 0 Ś w h ic h is tr u e ,
t h e r e fo r e ,
×ı
(11) P lo trin g 2ı 2 l× l
'
o f Iy 1+ ś 1
1 1
く二
lx ı an d lJ Iś
2 2
fr o m a b o v e fig u re
2 l×'IJ ı
+ 2l 1
・ '
Ś 1
1 1
a n o × I5
ı ・ ly ı
5 sn o w n as in
2 2
F ig 2 2 1 1
F ig 2 2 1 1
ò x e r c rı t he gra ph of th e Tu n c tio n
2
f (x ) lo g 2 (1
= x )
2
lo g 2 (1 x ) e x is ts w hen l < x < 1
,
do m an ( 1 1) ,
a s x - - 〉土 1 = 〉 y 分 o o
d ifr e r e n t ia d n g
w e ge t
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a ls o
, -
2 e (1 + x
2
)
dx 2 < 0 fo r ll
(1 x
2
j
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: y - lo g (1 X
2
) is co n ca v e do w n fo rx ( 1 1 )} , (iv )
I fr o m a bo v e r e s u lts w e c
an d ra w
y = ]o g (1 2
)
2 X a s sho w n in F ig 2 2 1 2
II
I '
l! « 0
ı g 2 \ı A '
Fı
g 2 2 12
,
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园
:ëji-P.E N H e re
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í y = lo g (s in R )
,
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? so
. - Io g (s in
s in x
x ) is d e fin e d
is p e r io d ic w
,
w hen
ith p e r io d 2
s in x > O = ) X (2 n rrł (2 ıı + 1 )rr )
S in c e , n
(ii)
x ) w hen x (n n )as e x is ts w he n x (o n ) a n d th e n p lo tte d
fo r e n t ir e n u m be r lin e
,
a s X 〉 O 〉 lo g (0 ) =
(币)
- =
y - _
a s O n
y s i n x 1 X =
CO S X = co tx
(iv ) d x
.
s in x
c
gy
dx
> o w hen x e O,
Ŝ
g . Q, w hen X
å ,
2
d y 2
x < 0 fo r a ll x (Q rr )
co se c
回
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.
T hu s , in cre a s in g a n d c o n c a v e d o w ıı x (O , rr / 2 )
d e c r e a s in g a n d c o n c a v e d o w n x (n / 2 , n
l hen (2 n n (2 n 1 ) 7c ) S h o w n as in F ig 2 2 1 3
p lo t th e c u r v e o n y w
x +
an d to ,
Þ X
2n
S k e tc h t h e g r a p ìıTo
'"
w y
= lo g s in x
e
50t
i s
°u
llTı d hen
o N (i) H is d e fin e w ,
e re y - lo g e -
s ilıx
s in x
,
O a n d s in x # 1
s in x >
1
y - is p c r io d lc w ith p e r io d 2 n ,
lo g ,
s in x
to d is c u s s th e g r a p h fo r x E (q ı
c ) {n / 2 } d B k e tc h fť »r tł
an \e e n tı
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シ
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< o w he n x e
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og s ln x ) c īlt A
. .
2
dx (lo g s in r )4
2 2
{ (lo g s in x ) co se c x + 2 (lo g s ln x )c o t z ť }
.
2
(lo g s in x )
y
> 0 fo r a ll X (0 ,
tc )
Į
T hu s,
1
in c r e a s in g an d c o n c a v e: u p AJ G
ĹĮ ,
"
Į)
lo g s in x
d e c r e a s in g an d co n cav e u p x e o,
p l 1'
F lg 2 2 14 , ,
, liı.P i e S k e tc h th e c u r v e
(ï U ] = co s x x E [ 2 1【, 2 n ]
(iı) b r ] = [c o s x ]; x [ 2 n ,
2 7c ] w h e re [ j d e n o te s greatesmtegerjhn(ti''"
[y ] = co s x is p o s s ib le o n ly
w he n x İ 2 . İ ,
İ 7c, į
Į ,
Thu s,
CO S X = 1 ニウ 1 ś y 〈 O
CO S X = 0 O ś y < O
co s x = 1 1 ś y < 2
T h u s, [y 】 = c o s x is p lo t t e d a s U
F lg 2 2 16 F ig 2 2 16
s b o w ıı In
S k e tc h ı
n g o f [y ] = [c o s x ]
F ir s t to p lo t y - ic o s x ] S h o w n as r
二
ダ
2 0
F ig 2 2 1 7
F ro m bo v fig u re y - [c o s x ]
a e
3 7
3 1【
I× l< 2
y = < o ; o < l× Iś Å
2
an d
T
ś 1c
1 l× I = Q, 2 1c
1h u s
, w hen y - O
y - 1
y = 1
g ra ı fo
pı r [y ] = [c o o x ]
T h u s,
卧l ; ËX A M P L E S k e tc h th e c u r v es
嗍
四 SO LU T ı
ON As w e kn o w
叫 4 [x ] c o u ld b e p lo tte d ith in
(1) y - w tw o s t e p s
。
˜ ブー 4 x 〉y - 4 [x ]
段
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!n n
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一一- 3 国
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F ig 2 220
d a ry in c lu d e d d a r e e x c lu de d
e lo w e r bo u n a re a n u ppe r
In a bo v e c u r v
k e tc h [ ly IJ = 4 [ i× Il
(U ) T o s
け] 4 口x l】今 디ア」
] = 4 디x l]
図 = 4 [x ] 今 =
F ig 2 2 2 1
\ . ,
e u a tic
dy s a tis fy th e q
s h a d e t lie r e g io n w h o s e c o o r
d in a te s x (ın
co sy >
O
Cy )
CO S X
i Jc
uTı s in
o N 2 s in
H e re o c a n be w r
it te n a s ,
. co s x co sy .
昀
o r
H e re ,
th e e q u a tio n
d iffe r e n t v a lu e s o fk
an d y - X + 2Æ
k = 0, 1 = > y - x
Say
f th e in lity
s e c o o r d in a t e s s a t is y
e qu a
ie th e s e t o f p o in ts w ho
,
O < x + y « 2 rc
Įiļ
2 k lc y < (2 k + 1 )n
S im ila r ly , fo r g e n e ra ıp o in ts < x +
N o w ,
th e s e t o f p o in ts w h ic h s a tis fy s in
( ) . o
< (2 n + 1 1
2
：彦
2 (? n x )X +
« 2 { 2 n + ı) 8
ķ t tıo s e p o in ts o f T \ť h ic h (ii)
o ı
ı ľ
sa w E q (ii)
a (Zp - ) R< , - (2p )
r < 2 R (ū i)
ııa b o v e nestłl g r a p h fo r c o s x
Fıo ı > c o s y is s h o \m in F ig 2 2 2 2
L E S k e tc h d le
*P
IXAı cu m e ľ 3
+ Y
3
. A
z 3
ON A s k e tc h x '
i s o L mc s to z ' "
. v . .
ro un pe?ınmetric a b o u t y (a s w h e n x is r e l d b
is
p ace y ( x ) c u rv e re m a in s s a m e )
c is s j T m a e tr ic a b o u t x a x is
6 Đ un e (a s w h e n i
y s r e p la c e d b y ( ľ ) c tır v e r e J n a in s s a m e )
D c u r v e fs sĮ etricaboutorigin (a s w h e n x is
@ r e p la c e d b y Y a n d ľ b y x c u r v e re m a in s s a n ıe )
(iï ) W n e n , x O > ľ į a = = =
2 73 z 3 Z 3
(0 Y _ (a x ı
2 2 /3 Z 3 3
or v _ (a X )
d iã e ï e i ıt ia t in g b o th s id e s.
2V - 3 (a
z '
x
z 3
)
2
Ŝ .
' "
gr a p h u s in g E qs (i) (u ) a n d (iii)]
.
(W F n o n ıa bo ve yd _ x
Ļ 3
(a
2 73
x
z f3
)
2
a g a in .
w e 9et
y
2 73 2
)
- ĺ
2 /3 2 73 2 13
fr o m bo a tio n s ge t x + y Q
_
E lim in a t in co s t n n d s in r a v e e qu w e
g ,
3
d e fin d fo ıll v a lu fr B u t s in c e th e fu n c t io n s c o s r a
w h e r e t h e q u a n t it ie s x a n d y a re e r ł e s o , n d s it ra
( aï
it is ffic ie n d is c u s s th e c u r v e fo r t [0 2 n ] e
p e r io d ic w it h p e r io d 2 n su t to ,
,
D o m a in o f fu n c t io n 10 2 ï c)
.
Thu s
R a n ge o f fu n c t io n [ a ] tij
2
= 3a c o s t s in t
N o w ,
ž
(İf】
= + 3a s in t co st
O n th e b a s is o fabov e in fo rm a t io n w e can s k e tc h
3
x = a co s t
3
y - b s in t
S t u d e n ts a re a d v ic e d to c o n v e rt th e c a r te s ia n in to
p a ra m e tr ic if p o s s ib le
F ig 2 2 2 4
į E Á Ńip ĹE
. s k e tc h th e cı
ır v e s
T aU 0) S k e tc h ı
n g o f f (x ) =
y =
.
(
) . (- ) = f
(x) , ve n or sy m m r i c ab ou s
e e t t y- xi
y
; 2
0
C
<
C
1
0
Ð
3
th æ ? an \ {U .
@ ) (iii)
.
an ıo f
d m l] g r a p ł
x + e F ig 2 2 2 5
ı - IS
.
1
e
x
e
»
âR S B e ıc l* ıg y -
2
=
n
'"
ĝ
d2y 矿' e
x ガ
dkz 2
F ig 2 2 2 6
fıo ın E s
q m (í i) (iii) a n d (iv ) g r a ph o fy -
. ,
p r e s e n te d b y
"
ļ id a
lc fu
ı nc tio n s re
.
)
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' lc c o ta n g e n t w h e lr e if
ic ta n g e n t a n d h y p e r b o ı x - co s h t, y .
w h ic h ı ı e q ila tio n o f h w rbo ıa

dr e ı
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'
y -
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it is su tftc ie n t to in v e s tig a te th e
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. 2 co SX 2 s in 2 x 2 (c o s x 2 s in x co s x )
(a )
.
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d 冗兀 5 17 3n
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d
-
..
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6
at x
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)
w =
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at
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2
51 3 0
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at d ]c
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2
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x =
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L/
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W y - 2 s in x + c o s 21 I
2 s in + CO S 2 )c
F ig 2 2 2 9
Th u s , c u rv e fo r y - X
ss ia n c u r v e )
2
x
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2
x
SO LU T ı
ON A s th e c u r v e y - f (x ) = e
(a) Syn u n e tr ic a bo u ty a x is {a s f ( x ) = f (x )}
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as x 今 O = 〉 y -
〉x 〉士図
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1)
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dr
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a s s u m e s m a x im
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an d (v )
Ş Ra n ge (0 1 】
,
į F r, o īn a bo ve
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E X A M P L E @ S k e tc h th e cu rve y
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x
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S O L U T IO N H e re (a ) ı. . O "
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(b ) f ( x )= f (x ) h e n c e f (x ) is
, ,
o d d , sym m e t r ic a b o u t o r ig in (ü)
x
M om a bo v e co n d itio n s g r a p h fo r y -
z
1 + x
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F ig 2 233
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c u rv e re m a in s s a m e )
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1 S k e tc h th e c u rvre 吕 (w hte re [ ] de n o te a th e
t in te g e r fu n c llo n ) (v i) y = 2 t " ı
g re a te s
1 11 (v iï) y lo 9 2 (la in x l)
=
4 (v iii) Iy l lo g z ls in x ı =
4
(iin ly l 2
)
=
ĺr r j ly 1 = lo g . "
3 S k e tc h th e c u rv e y - s in
1
ĺir )
2x
4 S k e tc h th e c u rv e y -
2
x + 1
le ' l 1
×
2
(v i) y -
5 S k e tc h th e c u rv e s
' I 2 Ą ×l
(v ii) ly j le =
×
2 1 (i) y = x 2 × l
ı (ii) y - e
'× l (iv ) ı
y l
(v iii) y x 【 x ] (iii) y e x
=
- -
3 2
(v ) y - x x (v i) y = x 1
2
(x fx j) C o n s tr u c t th e g ra p h f th e fu n c tio n
(x ) y - 6 o
(x i) ly l = m
2 11 lx l ,
w he n l× 15 1
(x ii) ly l (x = f×D w he re f(x ) =
O, w he n l× l> 1
7 S k e tc h th e c u rv e s
2 x ı 2
ı
X
(x v ii) y - x + f×]
(x ix ) Iy ı x F in d be r o f so ı
u tio n s o f 2 co sx =
ls in x ļ
= + [x ] 8 num
W he n x [0 ,
4 rr ]
Ł S ke tc h th e be r f s o lu tio in s o f
c u rv e s 9 F in d th e num o
× ll
Ito g ı
(i) y J s ín x
- s in rr x -
(ii) ly l J s in x
=
10 S k e tc h th e c u rv e
s in 2x
(iii) y - ls in x l+ lc o s x l y = 十 COS X
2
(iv ) Iy 1 c o s x + Ic o s x I
=
(v ) y s in z x 2 s in x
=
A N SW ERS
A b «o ı u ıe m a x im u m
N o g re « ıe r vłlu e o ï la n y w h e re
ı
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N o
H X . .' "
L o c a ıh ı n lm a
No em a lıe rvt ıu e o t fn e a r b y
i-iix
II
N o 6, . '
a C e d b x a id e
L o c a lv l a b a o lu te (G lo b a ı
) E x tr e m a
一 A bso ı
u te m a x im u m
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W
m a
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8 2
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.
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ı ın * e a fro m
p o ņ lw e to n e w tve i at C ? '
> O fo rx < C an d i '
< O fo r x > C ), th e n j
ha s
į iı S Y M P Ţ T ĘS I
S Į B [ G Y Ļ R P 0 Į B !Ţ S B ÉĐ
.
圈里參二 0 玎景甘皿で聚焦口壩日

君 ı
ı
n th ı
* c h a p te r w e s h a ı
ıs t u d y
b Pı o ttin g o f R a tio n a ı a n d ır r a tio n a ı fu n đ io n s
ın te r s e c tio n o f C u r v
e an d S t r a ig h t lin e a t ı
n fin ity
I
ıj ıI A SY M P T O T E S
th e p e r p e n d ic u la r d is t a n ce o f th e p o in t p o n th e c u r v e
ds fr o m th e lin e te n ds
te n t o in fın it y to z e r o w hen x or y bo th
A
t o gh h i
s tr a i Æ n e A is c a lle d a n a s ym
th e p to t e t o a cu rv e if th e d is t a n ô fr o
t s s tr a ig h t lin e , ce m th e v a r ia b le p o in t M o f
a pp ro a ch e s z e ro
a s th e p o in t M ds
te n to infinity sho w n as
.
°t
Le t y =
f (x ) b e a c u rv e
an d le t (c y ) b e
T
, a p o in t o n it
an g e t a t (x , y ) is
g iv e n b y
.
艷
月 -
4ľ
i
'
h
e e x is t s , t e n x -
if a w
p to t
iöw ,
ł
? L
'
ĥ j fin ite lim it
sa y m an d c
夕
dy
+ nī an d
dx y c
9y dx
re d u c e s t
o Y = m x + c is a sy m
(i) ,
p to te o f e q u a tio n
th e fo llo w in B
0
We h ll d i
s a
sc u ss c a se s
1 te p a r a lle l t o x a x is
A sym p to
a r a lle l to y a x is
m p to te p
(ü) A sy
te o f a lg e b r a ic c u r v e s o r o b li u e
s m p to
(iii) A y q a sy m
p to te s
p to t e b y in s p e c t io n
(iv) A sy
n ı
s e c tio n o f c u r v e a n d it s A s y m p t o te s
(li) In te r
m to te b y E x p a n s io n
(b A sy p
o s it io n o f th e c u r v e w ith r e s p e c t t o
(Ýū) T he p a sy m
p to te
le l to
ı x a x is
lsl ţn A s ym p to te p a ra
i w
i fcu be
Let the e q u a t o n
o rv e ,
y +
' " 1
(a ox + a lx Q 2x y + + a y ) + (b l x "
+ b2 x " 2
b .y " '
.
y + + )
(i)
it ca n be a iT a n g e d in d e s c e n d in g p o w e rs o fx a s fo llo w s:
N o w , ifQ o - Q, i e th e t e r m c o n s is t in g x
"
is a b se n t , th e n a ï + b1 o, i e ffic ie n f xıl
,
r
-
,
co e to . o
ıln ia e
Ē k tw o r o o ts o f E q (i) in fin ite a s c o e ffic ie n ts o f b o th x
"
an d x
" 1
a re z e ro
H en ce , a iY + O
= is a n a s y m p t o t e p a r a lle l t o x a x is
1 2
N a in if b o th
n
x an d x
n
a re a bse n t , th e n a 2 y + b2y + c2 - o, i e ,
co e ffic ie n t o f x n 2
b e in g
2
øo w ñim a k e th r e e r o o ts o f E q (ii) infinite h e n ce a z y + bz y + c2 - o w ill g iv e t w o a s y ın p t o t e
,
k alle t to x a x is
ı
letho d to fin d
a s y m p t o t e p a r a lle l t o x a x is
To fin d th e a s m t o t e a r a lle l t o x a x is e u a te th e c o e ffic ie n t o f h ig h e s t p o w e r o f x to z e ro
y p p q
Ifthe c o e ffic i
e n t is c o n s t a n t , th e n th e r e is n o a s y m p
t o te p a r a lle l to x a x is (h o r iz o n t a l)
IÐAM
E' (n J A s y m p to te p a ra lı
e l to y a x is
From lle l to y a x is , e q u a te th e co e ffic ie n t o f h ig h e s t

a b o v e a r tic le if w e n ee d an a sy m p to te p a r a
,
?ow er o f
y to z e r o
ll l to y a x is (v e r tic a l)
Ifthis
c o e ffi c ie n t is c o n s t a n t , th e n th e r e is n o a sy m p t o te p a r a e
S k e tc h th e cu rve y
llsoluT ıo N H e re ; y (x 5) = 1
M p to t e p a ra lle l t o x a x is
o
y =
p a r a lle l t o y a x is
t o te
x - 5
Th u s S
, x = a n dy a x le a r e a e y m sho w
p to te s n a8 in fig u re
'
4
A a y m p to to
团团阳
O
虿ソニ正厂
= 5
Fı
g 3 2
￡E ' " ' " ' " y -
y
ta n "
= ta n x
^. . . In jï n ite n u m ber o f v e r t ic Q l (w )m
p to te
he re
咢
〉土冗
y as
들
一
' " 土
, 。
A s ' "
å ,
土
.
ı' e qu a t in g h ig h e s t p o w
,
er o fy - .
(a s y - ta n x
1,
= » y co t x =
w h e re co t x O)
Sho w n a s
Þ X
一
。
。
己
圧
人
、
く
i E S h o w th e cu rve y - e
'' '
has . . .. . .. . . . . . Ta ıa s ym p to
te
T Ť - ı
oN H e re
y = e
1/ x
ł 二
y e O
。，
，手 O as
Ťģ￥
in g Ħg u re
a ąjo in
v x
y = e
1
= lo g y
X '
.
1 .
X =
à lo g y
I■ c h n w S x (lo g y ) = 1
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B E P R EPA R E

◆ IS B N 9 7& 93 1112 & 12 8

Z R a tio n a lfu n c tio n

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圈里參二 0 玎景甘皿で聚焦口壩日