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Cognitive Radio System: 1. Square-Root Raised Cosinefilter User Define Function

This document contains MATLAB code for a cognitive radio spectrum sensing system. It includes functions for transmitting a signal, applying modulation, adding channel noise, and using two spectrum sensing techniques: energy detection and matched filtering. The energy detection technique calculates the power spectral density and compares it to a threshold. The matched filtering technique correlates the received signal with possible carriers and compares correlation results to thresholds.

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82 views

Cognitive Radio System: 1. Square-Root Raised Cosinefilter User Define Function

This document contains MATLAB code for a cognitive radio spectrum sensing system. It includes functions for transmitting a signal, applying modulation, adding channel noise, and using two spectrum sensing techniques: energy detection and matched filtering. The energy detection technique calculates the power spectral density and compares it to a threshold. The matched filtering technique correlates the received signal with possible carriers and compares correlation results to thresholds.

Uploaded by

survivalofthepoly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Appendix

Cognitive Radio System


1. Square-Root Raised Cosinefilter user define function:
1. function [response]=srrc(os_factor,roll_off)
2. %os_factor=oversampling factor
3. a=roll_off;
4. t=-4:1/os_factor:4; %Limiting the response to -4T to 4T
5. %This can be increased or decreased according to the requirement
6. p=zeros(1,length(t));
7. for i=1:1:length(t)
8. if t(i)==0
p(i)= (1-a)+4*a/pi;
9. elseif t(i)==1/(4*a) || t(i)==-1/(4*a)
p(i)=a/sqrt(2)*((1+2/pi)*sin(pi/(4*a))+(1-2/pi)*cos(pi/(4*a)));
else
p(i) = (sin(pi*t(i)*(1-a))+4*a*t(i).*cos(pi*t(i)*(1+a)))./(pi*t(i).*(1-(4*a*t(i)).^2));
end
10. end
11. end
12. response=p./sqrt(sum(p.^2)); %Normalization to unit energy
13. end

1. Transmitter.m MATLAB code:

1. close all;
2. clear all;
3. clc
4. disp(' ');
5. disp(' This program simulate a cognitive radio spectrum sensing
system: ');
6. disp(' ----------------------------------------------------------
------ ');
7. disp(' ');
8. disp(' - The system first received a signal from channel ');
9. disp(' ');

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10. disp(' - And then use spectrum sensing techniques to check


if primary user');
11. disp(' ');
12. disp(' allocate a channel or a channel is free.');
13. disp(' ');
14.
15.
16.
17. % % PARAMETERS %
18. f = 200; %operating frequency.
19. Fs = 20*f; %sampling frequency.
20. L=100; % Number of samples per symbol period.
21. Ts = 1/Fs; % Sampling period.
22. T = Ts:Ts:1/f;
23. alpha=0.5; % Roll-off factor for the (square-root)
raised cosine filters.
24. N=8*L; % N+1 is the length of the square-root
raised-cosine filter.
25. sigma_v=0; % Standard deviation of channel noise.
26. h=1; % Channel impulse response.
27.
28.
29. % %SOURCE: Take input data from user for transmission %
30. pt_dt = input('Data you want to send:','s');
31. R = isempty(pt_dt);
32. if R == 1
33. display('primary user is absent')
34. RR=1;
35. else
36. pt_dt = pt_dt;
37.
38. display(pt_dt);
39. % [255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255
255 255 255 255 255 255]
40. RR=double(pt_dt)
41. end
42. bb = 1;
43. Rp = dec2bin(RR,8);
44. [TA, TC] = size(Rp);
45. forll = 1:1:TA
46. forlg = 1:1:TC
47. msg(bb) = Rp(ll,lg);
48. bb = bb + 1;
49. end
50. end
51. rt = 1;
52. ht = 1;
53. forls = 1:1:TA
54. forll = 1:2:(TC)
55. Inp_msg(rt,(ht:ht+1)) = Rp(ls,(ll:ll+1));

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56. rt = rt + 1;
57. end
58. end
59. % % Transmit Filter %
60. % pT=sr_cos_p(N,L,alpha); % Transmit filter:
61.
62. overSampling_Factor=8;
63.
64. pT = srrc(overSampling_Factor,alpha); % impulse response of
SRRC filter
65.
66. Input_bit_os=upsample(RR,8); %oversampling
67. % Input=double(Input_bit_os); %conv not work with binary
convert it to double
68.
69. xT=conv(Input_bit_os,pT); %Transmit signal (the user signal
send it pt_dt)
70. % xT=conv(Input_bit_os,pT); % Transmit signal
71.
72. % % Modulation %
73. display('Select Type of Modulation');
74. display('1. BPSK'); display('2. QPSK');
75. Mod_Type = input('Plz Enter the Type of Modulation:','s');
76.
77. snr = input('Plz Enter the SNR');
78.
79. Carrier = [];
80. % % BPSK Modulation %
81. if (Mod_Type=='1')
82. m=582370;
83. display('Binary PSK');
84. for ii = 1:1:length(T)
85. car1(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))); %CARRIER
TO BE TRANSMITTED
86. end
87. for ii = 1:1:length(xT)
88. ifxT(ii) == '0'
89. car = -1*car1;
90. else
91. car = 1*car1;
92. end
93. Carrier = [Carrier car];
94. end
95. % % QPSK Modulation %
96. elseif(Mod_Type=='2')
97. m=10907;
98. display('Quadrature PSK');
99. for ii = 1:1:length(T)
100. car1(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+360); %CARRIER TO
BE TRANSMITTED

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101. car2(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+90); %CARRIER TO


BE TRANSMITTED
102. car3(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+180); %CARRIER TO
BE TRANSMITTED
103. car4(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+270); %CARRIER TO
BE TRANSMITTED
104. end
105. for ii = 1:1:length(Inp_msg)
106. ifInp_msg(ii) == '00'
107. car = car1;
108. elseifInp_msg(ii) == '01'
109.
110. car = car2;
111. elseifInp_msg(ii) == '10'
112. car = car3;
113. elseifInp_msg(ii) == '11'
114. car = car4;
115. end
116. end
117. end
118. end
119. Carrier = [Carrier car];
120. end
121. end% end of if
122. end%end of else if
123.
124. % % CHANNEL %
125.
126. xR1=conv(xT,Carrier);
127. % xR=(xR1)+sigma_v*randn(size(xR1)); % Received signal ;;
128. xR=awgn(xR1,snr);
129.
130.
131.
132. % % % sensing type %%
133. % display('Select Type of spectrum sensing techniques:');
134. % display('1. Energy detection algorithm');
135. % display('2. Matched filter algorithm');
136. % tech_type = input('Plz it ','s');
137.

2. Energy detection.m MATLAB code:

1. disp('1. Energy detection sensing technique');


2. disp(' ');
3. Pxx = periodogram(xR);
4. Hpsd = dspdata.psd(Pxx,'Fs',Fs);
5. maxHpsd= 10*log10(max(Pxx))

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Appendix

6. HpsdFreq = Hpsd.Frequencies;
7. Hpsddata = Hpsd.data;
8.
9.
10. figure
11. hold on
12. plot(Hpsd)
13.
14. %%%%%%%%% threshold line %%%%%%%%%%
15. for ii=1:1:11
16. xmax(ii)=10*log10(m);
17. end
18. c=0:0.2:2;
19.
20. plot(c,xmax,'k:')
21. axis([0 2 -80 80]);
22. legend('Data PSD','Threshold');
23. grid off
24. hold off
25.
26.
27.
28. if (max(Hpsddata)> m)
29. disp('primary user is present');
30. else
31. disp('primary user is absent');
32. end
33. figure

3. Matched filter.m MATLAB code:

1. for ii = 1:1:length(T)
2. car1(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+360); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
3. car2(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+90); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
4. car3(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+180); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
5. car4(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+270); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
6. end
7.
8. res1= xcorr(xR(1:20),car1)* 10^14;
9. res2= xcorr(xR(1:20),car2)* 10^14;
10. res3= xcorr(xR(1:20),car3)* 10^14;
11. res4= xcorr(xR(1:20),car4)* 10^14;
12.
13. r1=mean(res1)*10000;
14. r2=mean(res2)*10000;

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Appendix

15. r3=mean(res3)*10000;
16. r4=mean(res4)*10000;
17. disp(' ');
18. disp('2. Matched filter sensing technique');
19. disp(' ');
20. if ((r1>1690)&& (r2<-560) && (r3>1250) && (r4<-2300))
21. %Primary user is present
22. display ('primary user is present');
23. else%Primary user is absent
24. display ('primary user is absent');
25. end
26. disp(' ');
27.
28. r1
29. r2
30. r3
31. r4
32. subplot(2,1,1)
33. plot(res1+res2+res3+res4)
34. legend('Received Signal')
35. axis([0 40 -10^15 10^15]);
36.
37. xlabel('Time (sec)')
38. ylabel('Amplitude')
39.
40.
41. %%_________________________________________________________
_________________________
42.
43.
44.
45. % %threshold SOURCE: Take input data from user for
transmission %
46. % pt_dt = input('Data you want to send:','s');
47. % R = isempty(pt_dt);
48. RR1=[33 33];
49. bb = 1;
50. Rp1 = dec2bin(RR1,8);
51. [TA1, TC1] = size(Rp1);
52. forll = 1:1:TA1
53. forlg = 1:1:TC
54. msg1(bb) = Rp1(ll,lg);
55. bb = bb + 1;
56. end
57. end
58. rt = 1;
59. ht = 1;
60. forls = 1:1:TA1
61. forll = 1:2:(TC1)

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Appendix

62. Inp_msg1(rt,(ht:ht+1)) = Rp1(ls,(ll:ll+1));


63. rt = rt + 1;
64. end
65. end
66. % % Transmit Filter %
67. % pT=sr_cos_p(N,L,alpha); % Transmit filter:
68.
69. overSampling_Factor1=8;
70.
71. pT1 = srrc(overSampling_Factor1,alpha); % impulse response
of SRRC filter
72.
73. Input_bit_os1=upsample(RR1,8); %oversampling
74. % Input=double(Input_bit_os); %conv not work with binary
convert it to double
75.
76. xT1=conv(Input_bit_os1,pT1); %Transmit signal (the user
signal send it pt_dt)
77. % xT=conv(Input_bit_os,pT); % Transmit signal
78.
79. % % Modulation %
80.
81.
82. for ii = 1:1:length(T)
83. car1(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii)));
%CARRIER TO BE TRANSMITTED
84. end
85. for ii = 1:1:length(xT)
86. ifxT(ii) == '0'
87. car = -1*car1;
88. else
89. car = 1*car1;
90. end
91. Carrier1 = [Carrier car];
92. end
93.
94.
95. % % CHANNEL %
96. xR2=conv(xT1,Carrier1);
97. xR3=xR2+sigma_v*randn(size(xR2)); % Received signal ;;
98.
99.
100. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Matched Filter algorithm
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
101.
102.
103. for ii = 1:1:length(T)
104. car1(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+360); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED

90
Appendix

105. car2(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+90); %CARRIER TO BE


TRANSMITTED
106. car3(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+180); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
107. car4(ii) = sin((2*pi*f*T(ii))+270); %CARRIER TO BE
TRANSMITTED
108. end
109.
110. res5= xcorr(xR3(1:20),car1)* 10^14;
111. res6= xcorr(xR3(1:20),car2)* 10^14;
112. res7= xcorr(xR3(1:20),car3)* 10^14;
113. res8= xcorr(xR3(1:20),car4)* 10^14;
114.
115. subplot(2,1,2)
116.
117. plot((res5+res6+res7+res8))
118. legend('Referance signal')
119. axis([0 40 -10^15 10^15]);
120.
121. xlabel('Time (sec)')
122. ylabel('Amplitude')

91

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