ANSYS, Inc.

Release Notes

ANSYS, Inc. Release 13.0

Southpointe November 2010
275 Technology Drive 002913
Canonsburg, PA 15317 ANSYS, Inc. is
[email protected] certified to ISO
http://www.ansys.com 9001:2008.
(T) 724-746-3304
(F) 724-514-9494
Copyright and Trademark Information
© 2010 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohib-
ited.

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names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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AND ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES,
OR LICENSORS. The software products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its
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Third-Party Software
See the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS
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please contact ANSYS, Inc.

Published in the U.S.A.

Table of Contents
1. Global .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Advisories ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Installation ................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Licensing ...................................................................................................... 2
2. Workbench .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1. ANSYS Workbench 13.0 ................................................................................. 3
2.1.1. Expanded Support for RSM .................................................................. 3
2.1.2. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench .......................................................... 3
2.1.3. Improved Design Point Behavior .......................................................... 4
2.1.4. Archived Project Format ....................................................................... 4
2.1.5. ANSYS SpaceClaim Direct Modeler ....................................................... 5
2.1.6. Using Excel with ANSYS Workbench Products ....................................... 5
2.1.7. Software Development Kit ................................................................... 5
2.1.8. Localization on Linux ........................................................................... 5
2.1.9. Documentation Enhancements ............................................................ 5
2.1.10. Incompatibilities ................................................................................ 6
2.2. DesignModeler Release Notes ....................................................................... 7
2.3.TurboSystem Release Notes ......................................................................... 10
2.3.1. ANSYS BladeModeler ......................................................................... 11
2.3.1.1. BladeGen .................................................................................. 11
2.3.1.1.1. BladeGen New Features and Enhancements ...................... 11
2.3.1.2. BladeEditor ............................................................................... 12
2.3.1.2.1. BladeEditor New Features and Enhancements ................... 12
2.3.2. Vista TF .............................................................................................. 12
2.3.2.1. Vista TF New Features and Enhancements .................................. 12
2.3.3. Vista RTD ........................................................................................... 12
2.3.3.1. Vista RTD New Features and Enhancements ............................... 13
2.3.3.2. Vista RTD Incompatibilities ......................................................... 13
2.3.4. Vista CCD ........................................................................................... 13
2.3.4.1. Vista CCD New Features and Enhancements ............................... 13
2.3.4.2. Vista CCD Incompatibilities ........................................................ 13
2.4. CFX-Mesh Release Notes ............................................................................. 14
2.5. Meshing Application Release Notes ............................................................. 14
2.6. Mechanical Application Release Notes ......................................................... 22
2.7. FE Modeler Release Notes ........................................................................... 29
2.8. DesignXplorer Release Notes ...................................................................... 29
2.9. Engineering Data Workspace Release Notes ................................................ 31
2.10. EKM Desktop ............................................................................................ 32
2.10.1. Improved User Interface ................................................................... 33

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ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes

2.10.2. Supports Multiple Connections to EKM Repositories ......................... 33

2.10.3. Improved Workbench Integration ..................................................... 33
2.10.4. Improved File Capabilities ................................................................. 33
2.10.5. Monitoring Transfers ........................................................................ 34
2.10.6. Improved Search Capabilities ........................................................... 34
2.10.7. EKM Studio Improvements ............................................................... 34
3. Mechanical APDL .............................................................................................. 35
3.1. Structural ................................................................................................... 35
3.1.1. Contact .............................................................................................. 36
3.1.1.1. Surface-Projection-Based Contact .............................................. 36
3.1.1.2. Geometry Correction for 3-D Contact and Target Surfaces .......... 36
3.1.1.3. Multiple Load Step Interference Fit ............................................. 37
3.1.1.4. Modeling Contact Offset (CNOF) as a Function of Location ......... 37
3.1.1.5. Coefficient of Restitution ........................................................... 37
3.1.1.6. New Contact Element Output Quantities .................................... 37
3.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology ................................................... 38
3.1.2.1. New 2-D Reinforcing Element .................................................... 38
3.1.2.2. General Axisymmetric Surface Element ...................................... 38
3.1.2.3. Hydrostatic Fluid Elements ........................................................ 39
3.1.2.4. Preintegrated Composite Beam Sections .................................... 39
3.1.2.5. Enhanced Failure Criteria Support .............................................. 39
3.1.2.6. Layer and Temperature Limits Lifted ........................................... 39
3.1.2.7. Transverse-Shear Strain Formulation .......................................... 40
3.1.2.8. Manual Rezoning Enhancements ............................................... 40
3.1.2.9. Volumetric Force Density ........................................................... 40
3.1.2.10. Enhanced Ocean Loading ........................................................ 40
3.1.3. Linear Dynamics ................................................................................ 41
3.1.3.1. Reusing Eigenmodes ................................................................. 41
3.1.3.2. Spectrum Reaction Forces and Multipoint Response Spectrum
Enhancements ..................................................................................... 41
3.1.3.3. Enforced Motion Method for Mode Superposition Harmonic/Tran-
sient Analysis ....................................................................................... 42
3.1.3.4. Unsymmetric and Damped Extraction Methods ......................... 42
3.1.3.5. Solution Accuracy Improvement for Brake Squeal Analysis (QR-
DAMP Solver) ....................................................................................... 42
3.1.3.6. Harmonic Response Analysis ..................................................... 43
3.1.3.7. Spin Softening ........................................................................... 43
3.1.4. Materials and Fracture ........................................................................ 43
3.1.4.1. Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) ...................................... 43
3.1.4.2. Response Function Hyperelastic Material Option ........................ 44
3.1.4.3. Extended Tube Material Model ................................................... 44

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 ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes

3.1.4.4. Gurson Plasticity with Isotropic/Chaboche Kinematic Harden-

ing ....................................................................................................... 44
3.1.4.5. Creep Enhancement .................................................................. 45
3.1.4.6. Cap Creep Model ....................................................................... 45
3.2. Coupled-Field ............................................................................................. 45
3.2.1. Structural Material Nonlinearities ........................................................ 45
3.3. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics ................................................................ 46
3.3.1. Stranded Coil Analysis ........................................................................ 46
3.4. Acoustics .................................................................................................... 46
3.4.1. New Acoustic Fluid Elements .............................................................. 46
3.4.2. Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) .......................................................... 46
3.5. Thermal ...................................................................................................... 47
3.5.1. New Thermal Solid Elements .............................................................. 47
3.5.2. Thermal Element Enhancement .......................................................... 47
3.5.3. Convection Analysis ........................................................................... 47
3.6. Solvers ....................................................................................................... 47
3.6.1. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements ...................................................... 48
3.6.2. GPU Accelerator Capability ................................................................. 48
3.6.3. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements .............................. 49
3.7. Linear Perturbation ..................................................................................... 49
3.8. APDL Math ................................................................................................. 50
3.9. Commands ................................................................................................. 50
3.9.1. New Commands ................................................................................. 50
3.9.2. Modified Commands .......................................................................... 52
3.9.3. Other Command Enhancements ......................................................... 56
3.9.4. Undocumented Commands ............................................................... 56
3.9.5. Archived Commands .......................................................................... 58
3.10. Elements .................................................................................................. 59
3.10.1. New Elements .................................................................................. 59
3.10.2. Modified Elements ........................................................................... 60
3.10.3. Undocumented Elements ................................................................. 62
3.10.4. Archived Elements ........................................................................... 63
3.11. Other Enhancements ................................................................................ 64
3.11.1. Postprocessing ................................................................................. 64
3.11.2. Documentation ................................................................................ 64
3.11.2.1. Technology Demonstration Guide .............................................. 64
3.11.2.2. Feature Archive ......................................................................... 65
3.11.2.3. Documentation Updates for Programmers ............................... 65
3.11.2.3.1. Routines and Functions Updated ..................................... 65
3.11.2.3.2. /UPF Command for Linking UPFs ..................................... 65
3.11.2.3.3. New Routines for Ocean Loading ..................................... 65
3.12. Known Incompatibilities ........................................................................... 66

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ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes

3.12.1. Surface Elements .............................................................................. 66

3.12.2. Change in Default Byte-Swapping Behavior for Binary Files ............... 66
3.12.3. Results File Format Change ............................................................... 67
3.12.4. Spin Softening Default ..................................................................... 67
3.12.5. Ocean Environment Definition ......................................................... 67
3.12.6. Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic) Material Model Option ............ 67
3.12.7. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell Elements ......... 68
3.12.8. Contacting Area for Contact Elements .............................................. 68
3.13. The ANSYS Customer Portal ....................................................................... 68
4. AUTODYN .......................................................................................................... 69
4.1. Euler Solver Enhancements ......................................................................... 69
4.2. Interaction Enhancements .......................................................................... 69
4.2.1. Automatic Coupling Set-Up ................................................................ 69
4.2.2. Efficient Treatment of Fully-Constrained Rigid Parts with Full Coup-
ling ............................................................................................................ 69
4.3. Analytical Blast Boundary ............................................................................ 70
4.4. Remote Points and Displacements .............................................................. 70
4.5. Parallel Processing ...................................................................................... 70
4.5.1. HP-MPI Message Passing Protocol ....................................................... 70
4.5.2. Automatic Decomposition of Euler parts ............................................. 70
4.6. Shells with Variable Thickness ...................................................................... 71
5. ICEM CFD ........................................................................................................... 73
5.1. Highlights of ANSYS ICEM CFD 13.0 ............................................................. 73
5.2. Key New Features/Improvements ................................................................ 73
5.2.1. Workbench Integration ...................................................................... 73
5.2.2. Geometry .......................................................................................... 73
5.2.3. Hexa .................................................................................................. 74
5.2.4. Mesh Editing ...................................................................................... 74
5.2.5. Tetra/Prism ......................................................................................... 74
5.2.6. General .............................................................................................. 75
5.3. Documentation .......................................................................................... 75
5.3.1. Tutorials ............................................................................................. 75
6. TurboGrid .......................................................................................................... 77
7. FLUENT .............................................................................................................. 79
7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 79
7.2. New Features in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 ........................................................... 79
7.3. Supported Platforms for ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 ............................................... 84
7.4. Known Limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 ................................................... 84
7.5. Limitations That No Longer Apply in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 ............................. 88
7.6. Updates Affecting Code Behavior ................................................................ 88
8. CFX .................................................................................................................... 91
8.1. New Features and Enhancements ................................................................ 91

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 ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes

8.1.1. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench ........................................................ 91

8.1.2. ANSYS CFX in General ........................................................................ 91
8.1.3. ANSYS CFX Documentation ................................................................ 92
8.1.4. ANSYS CFX-Pre ................................................................................... 92
8.1.4.1. Efficient Handling of Large Numbers of Renderable Objects ....... 92
8.1.4.2. Stereo Viewer Capabilities ......................................................... 92
8.1.4.3. Automatic Domain Interfaces .................................................... 92
8.1.4.4. Additional ANSYS Element Type Support ................................... 93
8.1.4.5. License Server Checking Improvements .................................... 93
8.1.4.6. Full User Interface Support for New Solver Models ..................... 93
8.1.5. ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager ................................................................ 94
8.1.5.1. Automatic Display of Electro-Magnetism Plots ........................... 94
8.1.5.2. License Server Checking Improvements .................................... 94
8.1.6. ANSYS CFX-Solver .............................................................................. 94
8.1.6.1. CFX-Solver ................................................................................ 94
8.1.6.1.1. Turbulence ....................................................................... 94
8.1.6.1.2. Particle Tracking ................................................................ 94
8.1.7. ANSYS CFD-Post ................................................................................. 94
8.2. Incompatibilities ......................................................................................... 96
8.2.1. CFX-Pre .............................................................................................. 96
8.2.2. CFX-Solver ......................................................................................... 96
8.2.3. CFX-Solver Manager ........................................................................... 98
8.2.4. CFD-Post ............................................................................................ 99
9. POLYFLOW ....................................................................................................... 101
9.1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 101
9.2. New Features ............................................................................................ 101
9.3. Defect Fixes .............................................................................................. 103
9.4. Known Limitations .................................................................................... 104
10. Icepak ............................................................................................................ 105
10.1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 105
10.2. New and Modified Features in ANSYS Icepak 13 ....................................... 105
11. CFD-Post ........................................................................................................ 109
11.1. New Features and Enhancements ............................................................ 109
11.2. Incompatibilities ..................................................................................... 110
12. AQWA ............................................................................................................ 113
12.1. ANSYS AQWA .......................................................................................... 113
13. ASAS .............................................................................................................. 117
13.1. ANSYS ASAS ............................................................................................ 117
13.2. ANSYS BEAMCHECK ................................................................................ 117
13.3. ANSYS FATJACK ....................................................................................... 117
13.4. FEMGV .................................................................................................... 118

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viii Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 1: Global
The information shown below apply to all ANSYS, Inc. products at the 13.0 release.
Be sure to read the Release Notes for your individual product(s) for additional install-
ation and licensing changes specific to your product(s).

1.1. Advisories
In addition to the incompatibilities noted within the release notes, known non-oper-
ational behavior, errors and/or limitations at the time of release are documented in
the Known Issues and Limitations document, although not accessible via the ANSYS
Help Viewer. See the ANSYS Customer Portal for information about the documentation
errata, ANSYS service packs and any additional items not included in the Known Issues
and Limitations document. First-time users of the customer portal must register to
create a password.

1.2. Installation
• ANSYS, Inc. products now support Windows 7.
• ANSYS, Inc. has discontinued support for the HP-UX 64 PA-RISC and the Sun
SPARC 64 platforms for all products. The ANSYS, Inc. License Manager will con-
tinue to support Sun SPARC 64.
• On Windows systems, the unified installation process now automatically checks
for the necessary prerequisites on your system and will install any prerequisites
that are missing. You no longer have to choose to install the prerequisites as a
separate step.
• The installation and product configuration utilities have been improved.
• Silent mode operations have been extended to include installs, uninstalls, product
configuration, and product unconfiguration on all platforms.

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Chapter 1: Global

1.3. Licensing
• In order to run ANSYS Release 13.0 products, you must upgrade to the Release
13.0 License Manager. The Release 13.0 License Manager will continue to support
ANSYS licensing from prior ANSYS releases.
• At ANSYS Release 13.0, the license manager daemons (lmgrd and ansyslmd)
have been upgraded to FLEXlm 11.8 (FLEXnet 11.8). We strongly recommend
that you upgrade to this version of the license manager, regardless of whether
you are upgrading to ANSYS Release 13.0. This version of the license manager
supports our current licenses as well as provides support for FLEXlm Tamper
Resistant Licensing (TRL) licenses. When you receive a license that contains TRL,
you must be using this version of the license manager or you will not be able
to run ANSYS, Inc. products.
• ANSYS, Inc. no longer requires you to choose between commercial and academic
licenses when setting your license preferences, giving customers with both aca-
demic and commercial licenses greater flexibility in managing their licenses.
• The ANSYS, Inc. License Manager can now be installed silently using the -silent
command line option. See Silent License Manager Installation Instructions for
detailed information on running a silent license manager installation.
• The ANSYS Licensing Interconnect now supports the use of IP addresses in the
FLEXlm options file for those settings that allow their use, such as EXCLUDE and
INCLUDE.
• The ANSLIC_ADMIN utility now includes a queued license tracking capability.
Use the Display Queued Licenses option under View Status/Diagnostic Options
to see a list of capabilities that are queued and awaiting availability, and the
applicable licenses that are being used.
• We have enhanced many licensing messages to include more detailed information
to assist you in resolving errors. We have also added more diagnostic information,
such as enhancements to the ANSLIC_ADMIN's Gather Diagnostic Information
option under View Status/Diagnostic Options.

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2 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 2: Workbench
2.1. ANSYS Workbench 13.0
2.1.1. Expanded Support for RSM
The Remote Solve Manager (RSM) is a job queuing system that enables computation-
ally-intensive jobs to be queued for execution locally or on remote machines. In
previous releases, RSM supported the update of the Solution cell only for Mechanical
systems. ANSYS 13.0 extends support for RSM to include Solution cell update for
Mechanical APDL, CFX, FLUENT and POLYFLOW systems (in addition to Mechanical).
Note that CFX supports execution on remote machines only for serial and shared-
memory parallel jobs that do not rely on external files (for example, profile boundary
condition files, Flamelet model files, etc.) and FLUENT supports RSM update only on
the local machine. For details, see Submitting Solutions for Local, Background, and
Remote Solve Manager (RSM) Processes.

Support has also been added for the update of design points via RSM, which allows
the update of any parametric system or set of systems to be executed on a remote
machine. At ANSYS 13.0, each design point update operation (update of a single
design point, a set of selected design points, or the update of all design points) is
packaged up and run on the remote machine as a single job. Simultaneous execution
of design points in parallel will not be supported at ANSYS 13.0, but is planned for
a future release.

2.1.2. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench

Volumetric temperature data can now be transferred from an ANSYS CFX solution to
ANSYS Mechanical for one-way FSI calculations.

CFX can now make use of the Remote Solve Manager (RSM) capability. See Expanded
Support for RSM in ANSYS Workbench 13.0 (p. 3) for more details.

Most files imported into CFX-Pre (such as boundary profile files and flamelet libraries)
are now registered with the project and can be archived with the project. References

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Chapter 2: Workbench

to these files will be automatically updated to refer to the new locations when the
archive is restored.

A new option has been added to allow old solution data files to be removed without
clearing the current solution data, in order to reduce the disk space used by a project.
This can be accessed by right-clicking on the Solution cell and choosing Clear Old
Solution Data.

CFX now provides more options for handling cases where Execution Control is specified
both within CFX-Pre and within the Solution cell, which could previously lead to
conflicts and hence unexpected settings being used.

The disk space used in the temporary directory has been reduced for cases where
the CFX-Solver Manager continues to display monitors after a run has completed.

2.1.3. Improved Design Point Behavior

Only design points affected by a change to the project will be marked as out of date.
Any change that is not relevant to the parametric study, such as adding a standalone
system or making a change downstream of the parametric study, will not cause design
points to go out of date. Likewise, only the out-of-date components and systems will
be updated during a design point update operation. The improved behavior often
reduces the amount of time and computer resources necessary for a design point
update.

You can now specify whether design points will be updated beginning from the
current design point (DP0) or starting from the previous design point. In some situ-
ations, it may be more efficient to update design points starting from parameter
values from the previous design point, rather than starting from DP0 each time.

Output parameter values are now displayed in the Table of Design Points and Details
views as they are calculated. In previous releases, no updated values were shown
until the entire design point update was complete. This capability allows design points
that are only partially updated to show up-to-date parameter values for those para-
meters which were updated successfully.

2.1.4. Archived Project Format

Workbench projects can now be archived to a Workbench-specific archive, with a
.wbpz file extension. On Windows systems, you can double-click the .wbpz file to
open the project. In this manner, you can work directly in an archived project and
save changes back to the archive.

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4 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 2.1.9. Documentation Enhancements

2.1.5. ANSYS SpaceClaim Direct Modeler

The Geometry component system now allows you to select from two different type
of editors: ANSYS DesignModeler and ANSYS SpaceClaim Direct Modeler (SCDM).
SpaceClaim Engineer is referred to as ANSYS SpaceClaim Direct Modeler (SCDM) in
ANSYS Workbench. Unlike ANSYS DesignModeler which is a history-based parametric
application, SCDM is a direct modeling application. Access and use of SCDM requires
you have an existing SCDM license. For more information, see SpaceClaim Related
to CAD Integration in the CAD Integration section of the ANSYS Workbench help.

2.1.6. Using Excel with ANSYS Workbench Products

Leveraging the calculation capabilities of Microsoft Office Excel, you can now perform
parametric analyses to create design points and design exploration studies via the
Microsoft Office Excel option in the Component Systems toolbox of ANSYS Workbench.
For detailed usage information, see the Microsoft Office Excel section of the ANSYS
Workbench help.

2.1.7. Software Development Kit

A Software Development Kit (SDK) for the integration of third party applications was
developed for ANSYS 13.0. This SDK provides APIs, tools, and documentation that
enable a software developer to write custom code to integrate external applications
so that they can participate in the Workbench workflow at the project schematic
level. The SDK is available as an independent installation and can be downloaded
from the ANSYS Customer Portal (actual availability date may follow the release of
ANSYS 13.0).

2.1.8. Localization on Linux

At release 13.0, ANSYS Workbench, including the Mechanical application, DesignModel-
er, EKM, FE Modeler, Design Exploration, Meshing, and Engineering Data, will be
available in multiple languages on both Windows and Linux platforms. Available
languages include English, French, German, and Japanese.

2.1.9. Documentation Enhancements

CAD-centric information related in general to ANSYS Workbench and specific to the
component systems in now centrally located in the CAD Integration section of the
ANSYS Workbench help. The section is accessible from the ANSYS Help Viewer and

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Chapter 2: Workbench

the CAD sections within the Mechanical and DesignModeler sections of the application
help. The sectional topics include:

• Overview
• Geometry Interface Support for Linux and Windows
• Project Schematic Presence
• Mixed import Resolution
• CAD Configuration Manager
• Named Selection Manager
• Caveats and Known Issues
• Installation and Licensing
• File Format Support (with information specific to the ANSYS DesignModeler ap-
plication)
• ANSYS Teamcenter Engineering Connection
• SpaceClaim Related to CAD Integration
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Troubleshooting
• Glossary
• Updates

A Troubleshooting section has been added to the Workbench documentation.

A section on Working with Views and Workspaces has been added.

Documentation on Getting Started, Design Points, and other discussions has been
enhanced.

2.1.10. Incompatibilities
File Migration If a Mechanical (.dsdb) file from release 11.0 (or earlier) containing
a Vector Principal Stress result is imported into Mechanical release 13.0 then the
Vector Principal Stress display is incorrect. If you clean the solution, re-solve, and click
Vector Principal Stress result, then the display will be correct.

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6 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Support for Custom Face Thickness

2.2. DesignModeler Release Notes

Release 13.0 provides significant improvements in many different areas including
Beam and Shell modeling, model preparation, usability and performance, and custom
tools for specific analysis. Other focus areas include improved SpaceClaim integration,
new CAD readers to support additional file formats and workflows, and geometry
interface improvements for performance and new versions support.

The following general enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

Automatic Surface Extension

Surface extension is much more automated now. Within the Details View, a new
automatic option for extending surfaces is available. When you select yes, the exten-
sion groups based on the gap value you specify are displayed. The initial value of
the gap is pre-filled and a visual feedback is provided for adjusting it further. Options
are available to preview the selections along with proposed solutions. You can edit
the list or accept default solution to perform extensions. For detailed information,
see the Surface Extension Selection Methods description in the DesignModeler section
of the ANSYS Workbench help.

Visualization Tool for Connectivity

A new option is available to display edge color based on its connectivity or number
of faces shared by the edge. In addition, edge thickness can also be displayed based
on its connectivity to help identify connectivity issues in the model. For detailed in-
formation, see the Edge Coloring description in the DesignModeler section of the
ANSYS Workbench help.

Improved Joints Handling

Joints feature now accepts both surface and line bodies as inputs. This can be used
to easily form joints between line and surface bodies to ensure proper topology
sharing among beams and shells. For detailed information, see the Joint description
in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Workbench help.

Support for Custom Face Thickness

Mid-surfacing improvements include, support for custom face thickness. You can
specify different thickness at face level within a body. You can also assign thickness
for multiple faces in a single step.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

Instancing Support
Instancing is now supported at the part level including instances imported from ex-
ternal CAD packages and instances defined in ANSYS DesignModeler. As a result,
performance is improved and the mesh is identical on similar parts. For detailed in-
formation, see the Instancing Support description in the DesignModeler section of
the ANSYS Workbench help.

Face Connect
Accessible via the Tools menu, the Connect feature now allows you to select faces
as a connection type in the Details View. Face connect can be used to ensure proper
topology sharing among bodies. For detailed information, see the Connect description
in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Workbench help.

GAMBIT Reader for ANSYS Workbench

ANSYS DesignModeler allows you to import legacy GAMBIT databases into ANSYS
Workbench for editing. The Real (ACIS) geometry is read from the database excluding
the meshing information. In addition, if no editing is needed, the model can be
transferred directly into Meshing. The GAMBIT reader is enabled via the Geometry
Interface for SAT product. Note that faceted and virtual geometry cannot be read
from GAMBIT databases. For detailed information, see the Import External Geometry
File description in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Workbench help.

Decomposition Tools
Several new tools are available for greater flexibility and automation.

Edge Split by Location: Edge split by location is available to split an edge by

screen locations.
Face Split by Points and Edges: Face split by points and edges is available to
split a face by points, edges or a combination of both. For detailed information,
see the Face Split description in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Work-
bench help.
Face Split by Locations: Via the Face Split feature in the Tools menu, you can
now split a face by screen locations . For detailed information, see the Face Split
description in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Workbench help.
Slice by Edge Loops: Via the Slice feature in the Create menu, you can now slice
a solid by selecting edge loops. For detailed information, see the Slice by Edge
Loop description in the DesignModeler section of the ANSYS Workbench help.

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 Geometry Interfaces: New CAD Readers

Usability Enhancements
This release contains several usability enhancements to improve the workflow and
performance.

Both Side Highlighting: A new option to highlight both sides while selecting a
face.
Hide Points: Option to hide points
More intuitive Fluid/Solid Type Assignment: Fluid/Solid type of multiple bod-
ies/parts can be assigned in a single step.
Ns Propagation: Option to propagate named selection on resulting entities as a
result of split/Boolean/merge/copy operation to improve automation and persist-
ence
Spline Control Points Edits: Option is available to edit control points of a spline

Electronics Support
The Electronics menu contains a set of custom tools to automate model preparation
for electronics simulation using ANSYS Icepak. It offers four different levels of simpli-
fications for converting a complex CAD geometry into a simplified representation
that can be used to perform a thermal modeling analysis using ANSYS Icepak. For
detailed information, see the Electronics description in the DesignModeler section of
the ANSYS Workbench help.

Geometry Interfaces: New CAD Readers

Geometry Interfaces are further expanded by introducing three new readers:

• GAMBIT (enabled by the Geometry Interface for SAT product)

• JT Open (a separate license key is required for use)
– To import geometry represented in the lightweight JT format into Workbench
for modeling, meshing and analysis by ANSYS applications.
• Pro/ENGINEER (a separate license key is required for use)
– To read native Pro/Engineer models into ANSYS Workbench without requiring
a Pro/Engineer installation or license.

In addition, all existing interfaces have been updated to support newer CAD releases
and improved attributes processing.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

For detailed CAD-related information specific to the ANSYS DesignModeler application

and ANSYS Workbench, see the CAD Integration section of the ANSYS Workbench
help.

Geometry Interfaces: Teamcenter Engineering Interface Im-

provements
You can now check-in and check-out an entire ANSYS project into Teamcenter. The
ANSYS Teamcenter Engineering Connection supports project with multiple configur-
ations and databases. In addition, you can use any CAD system/analysis system con-
figuration available with ANSYS Workbench. For detailed information, see the Team-
center Engineering Connection description in the CAD Integration section of the
ANSYS Workbench help.

Geometry Interfaces: Smarter and Faster Update

Compare geometry on update option is available to update geometry and mesh of
only those entities which have changed. This results in targeted and faster update
of geometry and meshing.

Geometry Interfaces: Line/Curves Import from NX

NX interface now supports import of line bodies and curves from NX into ANSYS
Workbench.

Geometry Interfaces: SpaceClaim Integration

SpaceClaim Direct Modeler is integrated with the project page and can be accessed
from the geometry cell.

2.3. TurboSystem Release Notes

TurboSystem is a set of software applications and software features that help you to
perform turbomachinery analyses in ANSYS Workbench.

ANSYS TurboGrid is a meshing tool for turbomachinery blade rows. The release notes
for ANSYS TurboGrid are given at “ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes > "TurboGrid Release
Notes"”.

CFX-Pre, a CFD preprocesor, and CFD-Post, a CFD postprocessor, are part of the ANSYS
CFX product. Both of these products have Turbomachinery-specific features. The re-

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10 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 2.3.1. ANSYS BladeModeler

lease notes for CFX-Pre are given at “ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes > "CFX Release Notes"”.
The release notes for CFD-Post are given at “ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes > "CFD-Post
Release Notes"”.

Release notes for the remaining TurboSystem applications are provided in the following
sections:

• BladeGen (p. 11)

• BladeEditor (p. 12)
• Vista TF (p. 12)
• Vista RTD (p. 12)
• Vista CCD (p. 13)

Note

After reviewing these release notes, you are encouraged to see Usage
Notes, which describes some known TurboSystem-related workflow issues
and recommended practices for overcoming these issues.

2.3.1. ANSYS BladeModeler

2.3.1.1. BladeGen
BladeGen is a geometry-creation tool for turbomachinery blade rows.

2.3.1.1.1. BladeGen New Features and Enhancements

• Vista RTD and Vista CCD are no longer available from BladeGen. For details, see
Vista RTD (p. 12) and Vista CCD (p. 13).
• When you perform the Create New Blade CFD Mesh command (available by
right-clicking the Blade Design cell of a BladeGen system), ANSYS Meshing is
used to create a mesh. Formerly, ANSYS CFX-Mesh was used for this purpose.
CFX-Mesh is no longer supported in ANSYS Workbench 13.0. Because the two
meshing applications are different, the meshes generated by ANSYS Meshing
will differ from those previously created by CFX-Mesh in earlier versions of
Workbench. For more information, see Tips on using Automated Meshing in the
TurboSystem.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

2.3.1.2. BladeEditor
ANSYS BladeEditor is a plugin for ANSYS DesignModeler for creating, importing, and
editing blade geometry.

2.3.1.2.1. BladeEditor New Features and Enhancements

• Airfoil Design Mode

Airfoil Design Mode enables you to define a blade using profiles rather than
camberline and thickness definitions. In this release, this feature is primarily in-
tended for axial turbomachinery. For details on Airfoil Design Mode, see Blades
made using Blade Section (Airfoil Design Mode) Sub-features in the TurboSystem.
• Auxiliary view (no longer a Beta feature)

This feature includes a blade-to-blade view and a blade lean angle graph.
• Blade design parameterization (no longer a Beta feature)

This feature enables you to assign an input parameter to any numeric BladeEditor
feature property.

2.3.2. Vista TF
Vista TF is a tool for performing rapid throughflow analyses of rotating machinery
for preliminary design purposes.

Installation note: Vista TF is always installed, but CFD-Post is required to post-process

Vista TF results. Without CFD-Post, the Results cell of the Vista TF system will not be
visible.

Vista TF was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.

2.3.2.1. Vista TF New Features and Enhancements

Vista TF now has support for real gases.

2.3.3. Vista RTD

Vista RTD is a program for the preliminary design of radial inflow turbines. It can be
used to rapidly generate an optimized 1D turbine design before moving to a full 3D
geometry model and CFD analysis. See "TurboSystem: Vista RTD" for details on using
this new version of Vista RTD.

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12 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 2.3.4. Vista CCD

Vista RTD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.

2.3.3.1. Vista RTD New Features and Enhancements

Vista RTD has been improved to work for a wider range of operating conditions.

Enhancements to Vista RTD:

• Vista RTD has moved from BladeGen to ANSYS Workbench.

• Input data may be declared as parameters via the properties view.

2.3.3.2. Vista RTD Incompatibilities

The new version of Vista RTD is not backwards compatible with earlier versions. You
must use the earlier versions if you want to view the Vista data for previous BladeGen
models.

2.3.4. Vista CCD

Vista CCD is a program for the preliminary design of centrifugal compressors. See
"TurboSystem: Vista CCD" for details on using this new version of Vista CCD.

Vista CCD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.

2.3.4.1. Vista CCD New Features and Enhancements

Vista CCD has been improved to work for a wider range of operating conditions.

Enhancements to Vista CCD:

• Vista CCD has moved from BladeGen to ANSYS Workbench.

• Input data may be declared as parameters via the properties view.
• Vista CCD now supports real gas properties using the Redlich Kwong equation
of state model. RGP files are no longer supported in this version.

2.3.4.2. Vista CCD Incompatibilities

The new version of Vista CCD is not backwards compatible with earlier versions. You
must use the earlier versions if you want to view the Vista data for previous BladeGen
models.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

2.4. CFX-Mesh Release Notes

CFX-Mesh is no longer supported in ANSYS Workbench 13.0. In many cases, you can
use ANSYS Meshing as a substitute.

Users of BladeGen should read the release note about the Create New Blade CFD
Mesh command in BladeGen New Features and Enhancements (p. 11).

2.5. Meshing Application Release Notes

This release of the Meshing application contains many new features and enhance-
ments, including completion of ANSYS CFX-Mesh user migration and evolutionary
improvements to help GAMBIT, TGrid, and ANSYS ICEM CFD user migration. Areas
where you will find changes and new capabilities include the following:

Resuming Databases from Previous Releases

Note the following when resuming databases from previous releases:

• ANSYS Workbench no longer supports the CFX-Mesh method. Upon import of

a legacy model into release 13.0, any CFX-Mesh method controls will be made
inoperable, and you must either delete the method manually or change it to a
valid method type. If importing a *.cmdb file from Release 10.0 that contains
CFX-Mesh data, you must first take the model into Release 11.0 and save it to
convert it to a supported format for use in 13.0. In either case the geometry will
be maintained, but the mesh method must be replaced.

New CutCell Cartesian Mesh Method

The CutCell Cartesian mesh method has been added at release 13.0. CutCell meshing
is a general purpose meshing method designed for ANSYS FLUENT. The CutCell
meshing algorithm is suitable for a large range of applications, and due to the large
fraction of hex cells in the mesh, often produces better results than tetrahedral
methods. The CutCell method uses a patch independent volume meshing approach
(surface mesh automatically created from boundary of volume mesh) without the
need for manual geometry cleanup or decomposition, thereby reducing the turnaround
time required for meshing.

The CutCell method is useful for meshing fluid bodies in single body parts and
multibody parts; at release 13.0 it cannot be used to mesh assemblies of parts, nor
a collection of loosely closed surface patches. CutCell is supported in the Meshing
application only; it is not supported in the Mechanical application.

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14 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Process Improvements

Orthogonal Quality Mesh Metric

When Physics Preference is set to CFD and CutCell meshing is being used, a shape
checking algorithm based on orthogonal quality is used. Orthogonal quality, which
is new at release 13.0, is the recommended quality criterion for CFD simulations and
can be used for all types of meshes including CutCell and polyhedral.

Process Improvements
Process improvements such as direct meshing, mesh method interoperability, and
improved failure handling have been made at release 13.0:

• Using direct meshing, you can selectively pick bodies and mesh them increment-
ally, allowing you some control over meshing order. The Generate Mesh, Preview
Surface Mesh, Preview Source and Target Mesh, and Preview Inflation ease
of use features all support direct meshing. In the Tree Outline, the Meshed status
icon will now appear for a meshed body within the Geometry folder, or for a
multibody part whose child bodies are all meshed. If you make changes after
meshing that invalidate the mesh for an individual body (such as adding sizing
to the body), you will need to re-mesh that body only. This is in contrast to
previous releases in which the entire part would need to be re-meshed. Direct
meshing is supported for the following mesh methods: Patch Conforming Tetra,
Patch Independent Tetra, MultiZone, Sweep, Hex Dominant, Quad Dominant,
All Triangles, Uniform Quad/Tri, and Uniform Quad. Direct meshing is enabled
by default, but you can use the Allow Direct Meshing option to disable it.
• You can mix and match mesh methods on the individual bodies in a multibody
part, and the bodies will be meshed with conformal mesh. Through this flexible
approach, you can better realize the value of the various methods on the indi-
vidual bodies. Refer to Conformal Meshing Between Parts for information about
conformal meshing and mesh method interoperability. Also see Interactions
Between Mesh Methods for information about how inflation is handled when
more than one mesh method is being used.
• When you mix mesh methods in multibody parts, the manner in which topology
shared by multiple bodies is protected depends on whether adjacent bodies are
being meshed with Patch Independent methods and/or Patch Conforming
methods. Refer to Meshing by Algorithm and Direct Meshing for information
about protected topology.
• The new Verbose Messages from Meshing option controls the verbosity of
messages returned to you. Depending on the setting, before meshing a message
reports the subset of bodies that is going to be meshed and/or after meshing a

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Chapter 2: Workbench

message reports the subset of bodies that failed to mesh. In either case, you can
right click on the message to view the bodies.
• The new Extra Retries For Assembly option specifies whether the mesher should
perform extra retries when meshing an assembly if meshing would otherwise
fail due to poor mesh quality. These retries are in addition to the number specified
by the Number of Retries option. Extra Retries For Assembly is available in
the Advanced group under the Details view as well as in the Options dialog
box.
• For the Number of Retries option, there are new behaviors to be aware of, most
of which are due to the introduction of direct meshing and mesh method inter-
operability:
– Retries will not occur if you are using the Patch Independent Tetra or Mul-
tiZone mesh method in combination with any other solid mesh method to
mesh bodies contained in the same part, or if you are using Uniform Quad/Tri
or Uniform Quad in combination with any other surface mesh method to
mesh bodies contained in the same part.
– If Number of Retries is set to 0 and a single body in a multibody part fails
during direct meshing, the mesher returns as much of the mesh as possible.
Bodies with valid meshes will have a meshed state while bodies with invalid
or partial meshes will have an unmeshed state. You can display and examine
the partially meshed bodies and then apply more mesh controls to correct
any problems you find. If Number of Retries is set to a value greater than 0
and any body fails to mesh, the mesher returns nothing for the given part.
The return of a partial mesh is applicable to the Quad Dominant, All Tri-
angles, Uniform Quad/Tri, Uniform Quad, Patch Independent Tetra, and
MultiZone methods only. The Patch Conforming Tetra, Sweep (general or
thin), and Hex Dominant methods cannot return partial meshes.
– If you are performing direct meshing and at least one body of a particular
part has been meshed successfully, no additional retries will occur if the mesh
of a subsequent body within that same part fails.
– For shell models, if the Advanced Size Function is on, the default values of
Min Size, Max Face Size, and Defeaturing Tolerance are reduced automat-
ically with each subsequent retry.

MultiZone Mesh Method

The following MultiZone mesh method enhancements have been made at release
13.0:

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 Patch Independent Tetra Mesh Method

• Source face automation has been improved.

• Baffle meshing is supported by the MultiZone mesh method for free meshing.
The body with a baffle must be meshed with a free mesh of tetrahedral elements.
For this reason, you must set the Free Mesh Type to Tetra for bodies with
baffles.
• Program Controlled inflation is supported by the MultiZone mesh method.
• The MultiZone mesh method now supports the Smooth Transition option for
the Inflation Option control, along with the previously-supported Total Thick-
ness and First Layer Thickness options. Smooth Transition is the default for
MultiZone.
• Improvements in imprinting include improved side face and body handling, as
well as new support for models that contain multiple connected internal loops.
• While mixing Sweep and MultiZone mesh methods, pre-meshed faces may be
used in these ways:
– Mapped faces can be supported as side faces when MultiZone or Sweep is
used to mesh subsequent bodies. The pre-meshed faces may have been
generated using either General Sweep or MultiZone. There are limitations
on how the face is mapped. Simple mapped faces (that is, 4-sided) are sup-
ported; however, more complicated sub-mapped cases may cause problems.
– Mapped faces can be supported as source faces.
– Free faces (where mesh does not have a quad mapped pattern) can be sup-
ported as source faces only.

Patch Independent Tetra Mesh Method

The following Patch Independent Tetra mesh method enhancements have been
made at release 13.0:

• Improvements have been made in quadratic memory handling.

• The body sizing control is supported by the Patch Independent Tetra mesh
method.
• You can use the Smooth Transition and Growth Rate controls to further define
the Patch Independent Tetra mesh method. The value of Smooth Transition
determines whether the Octree volume mesh generated from the Patch Inde-
pendent Tetra mesh method should be kept or whether it should be replaced
with a Delaunay volume mesh starting from the Patch Independent surface mesh.
When Smooth Transition is on, the volume mesh will be a Delaunay mesh.
When Smooth Transition is off, the volume mesh will be an Octree mesh. The

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Chapter 2: Workbench

Growth Rate value represents the increase in element edge length with each
succeeding layer of elements. Its Default value is affected by the settings of the
Use Advanced Size Function and Smooth Transition controls.
• The new Feature Angle control specifies the minimum angle at which geometry
features will be captured when using the Patch Independent Tetra mesh
method. If the angle between two faces is less than the specified Feature Angle,
the edge between the faces will be ignored, and the nodes will be placed without
respect to that edge. If the angle between two faces is greater than the Feature
Angle, the edge should be retained and mesh aligned and associated with it
(note the edge could be ignored due to defeaturing, etc.).

Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform Quad Mesh Methods

The following Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform Quad mesh method enhancements
have been made at release 13.0:

• If you select the Uniform Quad/Tri or Uniform Quad mesh method to mesh a
multibody part that contains a mix of line bodies and surface bodies, all surface
bodies and all line bodies that share edges with surface bodies will be meshed
with the selected method. Any remaining line bodies (where only vertices are
shared with surface bodies) will be meshed with the Quad Dominant mesh
method.
• The Element Midside Nodes option is now supported for the Uniform Quad/Tri
and Uniform Quad mesh methods, allowing you to choose between a quadratic
or linear mesh.
• The Uniform Quad/Tri and Uniform Quad mesh methods are available for 2D
models.

Defeaturing Controls
The following enhancements to defeaturing have been made at release 13.0:

• The Pinch group of global mesh controls has been replaced by the new Defea-
turing group. The Pinch controls are now located under the Defeaturing group,
along with the new global defeaturing tolerance controls and loop removal
controls. Turning on the new Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing option exposes
the Defeaturing Tolerance option, where you can specify a global tolerance for
defeaturing. Using the loop removal controls—which apply only to sheet mod-
els—you can instruct the Meshing application to remove loops automatically
according to the criteria you specify. Prior to meshing, you can use the Show
Removable Loops feature to preview the loops that will be removed according

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 Large Scale Meshing

to the current settings. The user interface controls for defeaturing tolerance and
loop removal (where applicable) are now consistent across the Patch Conforming
Tetra, Patch Independent Tetra, MultiZone, Sweep, Hex Dominant, Quad
Dominant, All Triangles, Uniform Quad/Tri, and Uniform Quad mesh methods.
• The Pinch feature has been extended to include support for face-edge and face-
vertex pinch controls. In addition, overall usability of the Pinch feature has been
improved with the introduction of the Set As Pinch Master/Slave and Add To
Pinch Master/Slave context menu options and the Snap to Boundary control.
• The Pinch feature now supports the use of the same master in more than one
manual pinch control. This is true for all types of manual pinch controls: edge-
edge, edge-vertex, vertex-vertex, face-edge, and face-vertex. When multiple pinch
controls use the same master, the aggregate of the pinch controls is used to
determine the pinch.

Sheet Model Defaults

The following enhancements to sheet model default handling have been made at
release 13.0:

• Better defaults for sheet models have been implemented. When Use Advanced
Size Function is on, the default Defeaturing Tolerance for sheets is 75% of the
value of Min Size. (For solids, it is 50% of the value of Min Size.)
• When Physics Preference is set to Mechanical or Explicit, Use Advanced Size
Function is set to On: Curvature for sheet models by default.
• The Max Size option (which was known as the Max Tet Size option in previous
releases) is hidden if no solids are present in a model.

Extended Meshing
At release 13.0, the Write ICEM CFD Files control has been moved from the Options
dialog box (Tools> Options) to the Details view of the Uniform Quad, Uniform
Quad/Tri, Patch Independent Tetra, and MultiZone mesh methods. The control
has been extended to include options for running ANSYS ICEM CFD interactively or
in batch mode from an ANSYS ICEM CFD Replay file.

Large Scale Meshing

The following enhancements related to large scale meshing have been made at release
13.0:

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Chapter 2: Workbench

• Speed improvements have been made across the board, but especially for surface
and hex meshing.
• Better memory management for Patch Conforming Tetra has been implemented.
• The Number of CPUs option has been added to the Options dialog box in
support of same machine parallel (SMP) meshing (for multiple cores; not suppor-
ted for clusters). Using this option you can specify a number of processors from
0 to 256. Specifying multiple processors will enhance the performance of the
Uniform Quad, Uniform Quad/Tri, Patch Independent Tetra, and MultiZone
mesh methods. This option has no effect when other mesh methods are being
used.

Parameter Handling
In release 13.0, you can parameterize global and local mesh controls for use in the
ANSYS Workbench Parameter Workspace.

Virtual Topology
New at release 13.0, you can use the Virtual Split Edge feature to split one edge
into two virtual edges. You can define the location of the split either by picking the
location in the Geometry window or by specifying a numerical value in the Details
View. Using the F4 key, you can interactively adjust previously defined virtual edge
splits.

Mixed Order Meshing

At release 13.0, mixed order meshing is now supported for the Patch Independent
Tetra, MultiZone, Uniform Quad/Tri, and Uniform Quad mesh methods. To use
mixed order meshing with these methods, all of the bodies in the part must be
meshed with the same mesh method [that is, either all Patch Independent Tetra, all
MultiZone, or all Uniform Quad(/Tri)].

Inflation Controls
The following inflation control enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Improved pre-inflation smoothing has led to less stair stepping and better quality
during layer compression.
• For pre-inflation, new options are available for the Inflation Option control. The
new options, called First Aspect Ratio and Last Aspect Ratio, allow you to

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20 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Miscellaneous Changes and Behaviors

control the heights of the inflation layers by defining the aspect ratio of the
elements that are extruded from the inflation base.
• To simplify inflation control specification, you can define inflation boundaries
via Named Selections (one or more for the faces in 3D models, or one or more
for the edges in 2D or Sweep models).

Ease of Use Features

The following enhancements to ease of use features have been made at release 13.0:

• In the area of ease of use features, Show and Preview RMB menu options have
been reorganized under new Show and Preview flyout menus. In addition, a
new Parts flyout menu has been created to organize the Generate Mesh, Pre-
view Surface Mesh, and Clear Generated Data menu options when they are
selected via RMB on the Geometry window.
• A Graphics Options toolbar has been added to help diagnose potential problems
with a geometry's topology and connectivity.
• To assist you in mapped face meshing, you can use the new Show Mappable
Faces feature to highlight mappable faces prior to defining mapped face meshing
controls, which provide more guidance to the mesher.
• You can use the new Show Missing Tessellations feature to highlight geometry
with missing facets prior to generating the mesh. This feature is available only
for the CutCell and Patch Independent Tetra mesh methods.
• You can Clear Generated Data on a selected part or body.

Size Function Improvements

The following improvements to size functions have been made at release 13.0:

• Body of influence now behaves as a soft setting instead of a hard setting, making
it more useful for external aerodynamics problems.
• The proximity size function is not applied between faces that share an edge or
between edges that share a vertex, reducing unnecessary refinement in Patch
Conforming Tetra meshing.
• Transitioning between swept and tetra meshes with inflation has been improved.

Miscellaneous Changes and Behaviors

The following changes and behaviors are new at release 13.0:

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Chapter 2: Workbench

• The Max Tet Size option, which was available in previous releases, has been re-
named the Max Size option.
• You cannot apply a match control to topology on which a face-edge pinch, mesh
connection, or symmetry control has been applied. In cases involving a match
control and a pinch control, the match control will be suppressed and the reason
(Overridden) will be reported in the Active read-only field in the Details view.
In cases involving match with either mesh connection or symmetry, an error
message will be issued.

2.6. Mechanical Application Release Notes

This release of the Mechanical application contains all of the capabilities from previous
releases plus many new features and enhancements. Areas where you will find changes
and new capabilities include the following:

Incompatibilities and Changes in Product Behavior from

Previous Releases
Release 13.0 includes several new features and enhancements that result in product
behaviors that differ from previous releases. These behavior changes are presented
below.

• The effects of pressure load stiffness from a pre-stress analysis are evaluated at
the analysis time at which the eigen analysis (modal or buckling) occurs. In pre-
vious releases, the effects of pressure load stiffness were based on the loading
at time = 0.
• If a Display Time for a result is specified that is greater than the final time recorded
in the result file, then Mechanical will post an error message and the result will
not be evaluated. In previous releases, Mechanical would evaluate the result at
the final time in the result file.

Similarly, if a set number is specified that is greater than the number of sets in
the result file, then Mechanical will post an error message and the result will not
be evaluated.
• The Update Stiffness contact region setting now includes the “Each Equilibrium
Iteration, Aggressive” option and no longer includes the “Each Substep” option.
• A face-to-face contact using the MPC formulation will become underdefined if
the contact is a solid body, the target is a surface body, and the behavior is set
to Asymmetric.

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22 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 General Enhancements

Resuming Databases from Previous Releases

Note the following when resuming databases from previous releases:

• Pre-stress eigen analyses (either pre-stress modal or linear buckling) have been
changed to use the Mechanical APDL technique of linear perturbation, as opposed
to the PSTR command used in previous releases. Since the procedure and solution
files are different, when a legacy project is opened that contains a solved static
analysis with pre-stress effects, that analysis will need to be re-solved (in order
to generate the new requisite files) if any additional eigen analyses are to be
performed.
• Databases from previous releases that include a Sweep Mesh Control using gasket
elements will no longer be supported. When resuming these databases, they will
be marked as invalid and the user will need to create a new Gasket Mesh Control
by changing the Stiffness Behavior of the body and recreating the geometry se-
lections for the sweep direction.
• Connection objects from databases of previous releases that include contact re-
gions or joints will be grouped based on their respective type and migrated into
Connection Group folders (see Connection Group below under Connection En-
hancements).

General Enhancements
The following general enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Cyclic Symmetry. Cyclic symmetry simulations are now available in static struc-
tural analyses, pre-stress modal analyses, and thermal analyses. Support for the
following is available at release 13.0:
– Cyclic controls.
– Cyclic symmetry loads: static structural analyses, pre-stress modal analyses,
thermal analyses.
– Cyclic symmetry results: static structural analyses, pre-stress modal analyses
(including a complete range of modes or a combination of degenerate modes),
thermal analyses.
– Cyclic Symmetry Modal Result Animations: Traveling waves and standing
waves can be displayed as result animations.
• Named Selections Based on Criteria. Named Selections can now be based on
criteria (size, location, geometry type) in addition to geometry selection. The
ability to convert geometry types based on topology changes (for example,

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Chapter 2: Workbench

converting vertices “up” to edges, or bodies “down” to faces) is also available,

as is the ability to create named selections that use criteria based on pre-selected
geometry.

Analysis Enhancements
The following analysis enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Harmonic Response Analysis Using Linked Modal Analysis System. A harmonic

response analysis using the Mode Superposition method can now be accom-
plished by linking a Harmonic Response analysis system to an existing Modal
analysis system on the Project Schematic. In this way, multiple harmonic analyses
with different loading conditions could effectively reuse the eigenvectors obtained
in the modal analysis. Additional analysis settings have also been added to the
Output Controls category to provide flexibility in controlling the downstream
use of the modal superposition expansion.
• Enhanced Pre-Stress Eigen Analysis. The Mechanical APDL linear perturbation
technique is now used for all pre-stress eigenvalue analyses. Support is available
in this area for large deflection, cyclic analyses, true contact status, and multiple
step static analyses.
• Fluid Structure Interaction in Explicit Analysis. In an Explicit Dynamics analysis
that involves fluid structure interaction, there is now an option to represent
volume bodies in an Eulerian reference frame. Bodies with reference frame set
to Eulerian (Virtual) are mapped into a single structured hexahedral Eulerian
mesh which by default encloses all bodies in the model. The Eulerian reference
frame should be used when modelling fluids, gases or solids which may experi-
ence very large deformation during the simulation. Materials represented in the
Euler domain will be automatically coupled to any Lagrangian shell or solid
bodies. This feature enables 2-way fluid structure interaction type problems to
be solved in an Explicit Dynamics system. Note that the size and resolution of
the Euler domain can be controlled in the analysis settings an Explicit Dynamics
system. There is an optional graphic representation of the Euler domain for the
geometry.
• Explicit Dynamics Support for Linux. Explicit Dynamics analyses are now sup-
ported on Linux platforms.
• Design Assessment Analysis System. The Design Assessment Analysis system
enables the selection and combination of upstream results from Static Structural
and Transient Structural analyses and the ability to optionally further assess results
with customizable scripts (BEAMCHECK and FATJACK scripts are provided for
Windows installations) and display the modified results. Furthermore, it enables

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24 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Graphics Enhancements

the user to associate attributes, which may be geometry linked but not necessarily
a property of the geometry, to the analysis via customizable items that can be
added in the tree. Design Assessment is currently only released on Windows
platforms; please contact ANSYS Technical Support if you wish to use it on Linux
platforms.
• Thermal-Stress Analysis Between Dissimilar Models. Thermal-stress analyses
can now be performed between thermal and structural analysis systems that use
different meshes by mapping the temperatures across the two meshes.
• Contact in Rigid Dynamics. Contact can now be simulated in rigid dynamic
analyses. Collisions between rigid bodies are detectable, even when the time
step is large. You can also simulate sliding frictionless contact. Typical applications
include cams and rollers.
• Command Reference for Rigid Dynamics Systems. Python command snippets
are now available and they can be used in many ways. Examples include creating
constraint equations between joint degrees of freedom, specifying a nonlinear
stiffness for a spring, and using screw joints.

Geometry Enhancements
The following geometry enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Specifying Variable Thickness on Surface Bodies. You can now specify the
thickness of selected faces on a surface body. Variable thickness can be specified
through tabular or function input.
• Part Associativity Maintained from DesignModeler Updates. When geometry
from DesignModeler is updated, any associativity applied in the Mechanical or
Meshing application prior to the update is maintained, despite any part groupings
that may have changed in DesignModeler.
• Parts Compared in Update. When geometry is updated , if no changes to the
body are detected, the update can be configured such that a re-mesh of the
body is not required.
• Remote Points in Explicit Dynamics. Remote Points can now be used in Explicit
Dynamics analyses. Only rigid behavior is supported.

Graphics Enhancements
• Enhanced Edge Visualization. Options have been added to improve your ability
to distinguish the edge connectivity in a surface body by inspecting geometry
and meshes.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

• Highlighted Vertices. A toolbar button is now available to highlight all vertices

on a model.
• Thicker Line Display for Annotations. A toolbar button is now available to
display thicker lines associated with annotations to make them more easily
identifiable.
• Interactive Editing of Virtual Edge Splits. This feature allows an edge to be
split into virtual edges as an aid in preparing geometry for meshing.

Connection Enhancements
The following connection enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Mesh Connection. The mesh connection feature allows manual or automatic

joining of meshes of neighboring surface bodies in a multibody part that may
not share topology.
• Connection Group. A new Connection Group tree object folder has been added
to allow groupings of like connections and allows you to auto generate contact
regions, mesh connections, or joints for a group of bodies in a model using a
tolerance value that is unique to that group.
• Stiffness and Damping Added to General Joint. Worksheet entries for Stiffness
and Damping coefficients are now available for general joints.
• Line Body End Releases. Edge interactions on line bodies can now have some
degrees of freedom released between a vertex and an associated edge.
• Tension/Compression Only Springs for Rigid Dynamics. Springs can now be
configured as tension-only or compression-only, in rigid dynamics analyses.
• Result Tracker for Contact Area. Contact area has been added as an output
type available in the Contact result tracker.

Loads/Supports Enhancements
The following loads/supports enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• External Load Import. Point-cloud data of temperature, pressure and convection

coefficient from external files can be imported as loads in a static structural,
transient structural, steady state thermal, transient thermal or thermal electric
analysis.
• Bolt Pretension for Line Bodies. Bolt Pretension loads can now be applied to
line bodies.

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26 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Solution Enhancements

• FSI - Volumetric Temperature Transfer. This feature allows you to transfer do-
main temperatures from a CFD analysis and apply them as body loads in a
structural analysis.
• Ansoft - Mechanical Data Transfer. Transfer of results between Ansoft applica-
tions (HFSS, Maxwell, or Q3D Extractor) and Mechanical can now be enabled by
linking the systems in the project schematic.
• Maxwell - Mechanical Stress Coupling . Surface and body force density results
from the Maxwell application can be imported and applied as loads in a structural
analysis.
• Detonation Point in Explicit Dynamics. A Detonation Point load is now available
in Explicit Dynamics analyses. This load generates a spherical detonation wave
(shockfront) travelling radially outwards from the specified location and initiation
time. The load will only affect materials containing the JWL equation of state
property.
• Remote Displacement in Explicit Dynamics. Remote Displacements can now
be used in Explicit Dynamics analyses.

Solution Enhancements
The following solution enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Solution Restart. Restart analysis and restart controls are now included in the
analysis settings for Static Structural and Transient Structural analyses, that allow
the analysis to be restarted under a variety of conditions. In addition to generating
restart points, they can be managed in the Timeline and Tabular Data windows.
Jobs can also be interrupted and restarted for local, RSM, and distributed solu-
tions.
• Gaskets. Gasket simulations can now be performed in a static structural analysis.
• Creep. Analysis settings and results for simulating creep are now available.
• Stabilization. Stabilization controls and Stabilization Energy results are now
available.
• Multiple Restart Points in Static Structural Analyses for Pre-Stress Modal
and Linear Buckling Analyses. If a parent static structural analysis has multiple
restart points at load steps/sub steps, the pre-stress modal or linear buckling
analysis can start from any restart point available in the static structural analysis.
• GPU Acceleration. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration capability
offered by Mechanical APDL is accessible in the Mechanical Application with
support for NVIDIA acceleration cards.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

• Improvements for Explicit Dynamics Point Scoped Result Trackers. The loca-
tion of point scoped result trackers is now easier to define and they can be im-
ported from a file.
• Euler Body Result Trackers. Most result trackers are available for Eulerian Bodies
in Explicit Dynamics analyses.
• Distributed Explicit Dynamics Solution. Distributed solutions are now enabled
for Explicit Dynamics (ANSYS) analyses.
• Extended Support for RSM at Project Schematic. RSM solutions can now be
configured and initiated from the Project Schematic. At prior releases, only the
default solution handler could be invoked from an Update action.

Results Enhancements
The following results enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Results Scoped to Named Selections. Contour results and user defined results
can be scoped to named selections.
• Beam (Line Body) Results. Results in terms of axial force, bending moment,
torsional moment, and shear force can now be applied to line bodies.
• Shear-Moment Diagrams. Diagrams are available for simultaneously illustrating
line body results as the distribution of shear forces, bending moments and dis-
placements, displayed as a function of arc length along a path consisting of line
bodies. The path can be any contiguous line body edges.
• Paths Scoped to Line Bodies. Paths can now be scoped to line bodies as long
as the path is defined by edge.
• Peak Composite Results. Result contours can now be displayed over an inde-
pendent variable such as time in a static or transient structural analysis, or fre-
quency/phase in a harmonic analysis, or cyclic phase in a cyclic modal analysis.
• Worksheet View. Custom variables are now available for Euler bodies to allow
display of results associated with any single body, or all bodies, defined with an
Eulerian reference frame.
• Probe Result to Nearest Corner Node. When picking a specific x, y, z location,
a probe result can be applied directly to the closest corner node by using a new
“Snap to mesh nodes” feature. The identification number of the closest corner
node is also displayed as the Node ID in the Details view of the probe.
• Defining a Path from Probe Labels. When reviewing results, a path can be
defined automatically from two probe labels.

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28 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Sparse Grid

Ease of Use Enhancements

The following ease of use enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

• Additional “Go To” Options. Options have been added to identify parts without
contact in the tree as well as bodies with one element in at least two directions
(through the thickness).

2.7. FE Modeler Release Notes

There are no changes in this release.

2.8. DesignXplorer Release Notes

The following general enhancements have been made at release 13.0:

Outline View
The Outline view has been enhanced. There are now state icons that show the status
for each object in the outline. There are contextual menu entries, such as insert and
delete, to manage objects. Parameters are now shown as a tree organized by each
system on the desk top. This makes it easier to see where each parameter came from
as well as which systems must be updated for each design point.

New DOE Types

Several New DOE types have been added. These include Box-Behnken, Custom +
Sampling (which uses an OSF algorithm to enhance a custom DOE) and Sparse Grid,
an adaptive DOE/Response surface method that features automatic adaptive refine-
ment.

Sparse Grid
Sparse Grid requires a specific DOE as a starting point, this is labeled as Sparse Grid
Initialization in the GUI and uses a Clenshaw Curtis formulation. While calculating the
response surface, Sparse Grid adds design points to the DOE in order to resolve
gradients where necessary. It is more efficient than other methods, particularly for
large numbers of parameters.

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Chapter 2: Workbench

Goodness of Fit
Goodness of fit has been reworked and extended. It is now an independent object
with its own table of metrics and predicted vs observed chart. Verification points
have also been added to check the goodness of Fit. Design candidates can easily be
turned into verification points so that the “real solve” can be compared with the re-
sponse point to determine the accuracy of the response surface. There is a new option
to plot the design points on the response charts, these provide visual feedback and
another way to check the goodness of fit.

Efficiency
Efficiency has been enhanced. An internal cache of design points are shared by all
the DX systems in a workbench project in order to avoid recalculation between sys-
tems. These design points are stored as they are created and calculated design points
can be recovered so that the series of simulations can resume after a power shutdown
or hard crash.

Data Export
Data from any table or chart can be exported in CSV (formatted ascii text) file format
for use outside of Workbench. It is also possible to import a DOE (in CSV format),
with or without results. This could be used to import a particular DOE formulated
elsewhere, or to use DX to post process experimental data.

Excel Interoperability
An Excel system is also available within the Workbench Component systems and can
exchange parameters with DX and the Parameter set bar. Parameters can be flagged
in Excel using the “Name a Range” method. In this way, Excel can be used as a solver
within the workbench project. Users may want to optimize based on Excel calculated
parameters such as cost, or perhaps the Excel system could be a reduce order model
(ROM) coupled with parameters from other systems on the project page.

Correlation Samples
Correlation samples can now be previewed without a full update, similar to the DOE
tables. Once started the correlation update can be stopped, partial results reviewed
and then the correlation can be continued.

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30 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Material Enhancements

Parameters
It is possible to edit the initial value of a disabled parameter.

DX Help
DX Help has been enhanced and can be accessed with F1.

2.9. Engineering Data Workspace Release Notes

Material Enhancements
The following material models are now available for an implicit analysis:

• Gasket Model
• Gent hyperelastic model
• Blatz-Ko hyperelastic model
• Arruda-Boyce hyperelastic model
• Anand Viscoplasticity
• Chaboche Kinematic Hardening
• Bilinear Isotropic Hardening with temperature dependency
• Bilinear Kinematic Hardening with temperature dependency
• Response Function

The following material models are now available for an explicit analysis:

• Ideal Gas EOS

• JWL EOS

The following are now supported for temperature dependency:

• Hyperelastic models
• Experimental data
• Curve Fitting

The following creep models can be defined for use in a creep analysis:

• Strain Hardening

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Chapter 2: Workbench

• Time Hardening
• Generalized Exponential
• Generalized Graham
• Generalized Blackburn
• Modified Time Hardening
• Modified Strain Hardening
• Generalized Garofalo
• Exponential Form
• Norton
• Combined Time Hardening
• Rational Polynomial
• Generalized Time Hardening

Additional sample material data has been included in the following libraries:

• Explicit materials
• Thermal materials

Ease of Use Enhancements

The Outline Filter View has been removed. To access Favorites and Libraries use
the Engineering Data Sources button on the toolbar (set of books), to toggle the
view on and off. You may also access this mode from the right mouse button menu.

2.10. EKM Desktop

EKM Desktop is new software for Release 13.0 and derives many of its features from
two existing sources: the ANSYS EKM File Transfer Client (FTC) that was released with
EKM 2.0, and ANSYS EKM Desktop 12.0 that was an add-in application to ANSYS
Workbench 12.0 and 12.1 releases. Like EKM Desktop 12.0, you can use EKM Desktop
13.0 to manage and search personal simulation files on your local machine or a shared
drive. Like FTC, you can use it to transfer files to and from a remote EKM server. EKM
Desktop can be launched in a variety of ways: from ANSYS Workbench, a remote EKM
server web user interface, Windows Explorer, and from a desktop shortcut.

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32 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 2.10.4. Improved File Capabilities

2.10.1. Improved User Interface

The EKM Desktop user interface has been completely redesigned to improve usability
and provide additional functionality. Changes to the user interface include the follow-
ing:

• Closely matches the EKM Web user interface including access to most actions
provided by EKM 13.0.
• Configurable views that allow parts of the user interface to be positioned, hidden,
or shown in a way that makes the most sense to the user.
• Repositories tree view to simplify navigation of EKM repositories.
• Support for drag and drop to simplify transfers of files and folders to EKM repos-
itories.

2.10.2. Supports Multiple Connections to EKM Repositories

EKM Desktop provides the capability to connect to, transfer, and manage data that
are stored in a local EKM repository and in any number of connected repositories
that are on EKM servers. For instance, you can upload files to a remote EKM repository
in a workspace that is shared by your workgroup or enterprise, and download files
from the shared repository to your local file system for your use or reuse. You can
also create a local repository that resides on your local file system if you do not have
a connection or access to a remote EKM server.

2.10.3. Improved Workbench Integration

Integration with ANSYS Workbench has been improved in Release 13.0. You can now
easily transfer Workbench projects to and from a remote connected EKM server using
new upload and download menus that are available in Workbench. Similarly, get and
send changes features enable you to easily transfer only those parts of a Workbench
project that have changed.

2.10.4. Improved File Capabilities

You can download and open a file in an associated application from an EKM server
using EKM Desktop by simply double-clicking on the file (supported only on Windows
operating systems).

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Chapter 2: Workbench

2.10.5. Monitoring Transfers

EKM Desktop 13.0 allows you to easily view the status of all transfers to/from an EKM
repository and the EKM cache server if your environment is configured to use it. Each
transfer, whether it is queued, failed, or successful, is displayed in its own tab in the
action status view. The same is true for each transfer made using the cache server.
Additionally, you can create log files for failed and successful transfers.

2.10.6. Improved Search Capabilities

You can now search for data in multiple EKM repositories using improved search
capabilities in EKM Desktop. As an added benefit, search results are shown in a sep-
arate view so that you can continue viewing other data in the repository while still
having access to the search results.

2.10.7. EKM Studio Improvements

EKM Studio has been enhanced to provide improved usability for editing and viewing
workflows. This includes the ability to edit and save workflow files to a remote EKM
repository. Studio now also supports the ability to graphically edit EKM lifecycles.

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34 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL
This release of the Mechanical APDL application contains all of the capabilities from
previous releases plus many new features and enhancements. Areas where you will
find changes and new capabilities include the following:

• Structural (p. 35)

• Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (p. 46)
• Acoustics (p. 46)
• Thermal (p. 47)
• Solvers (p. 47)
• Linear Perturbation (p. 49)
• APDL Math (p. 50)
• Other Enhancements (p. 64)
• Commands (p. 50)
• Elements (p. 59)

Also see Known Incompatibilities (p. 66) and The ANSYS Customer Portal (p. 68) for
important information about this release.

For information about changes to the ANSYS Workbench Products, see the ANSYS
Workbench Products Release Notes.

3.1. Structural
Release 13.0 includes the following new features and enhancements for structural
analyses:
3.1.1. Contact
3.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology
3.1.3. Linear Dynamics
3.1.4. Materials and Fracture

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.1.1. Contact
Release 13.0 includes the following enhancements for structural analyses involving
contact:
3.1.1.1. Surface-Projection-Based Contact
3.1.1.2. Geometry Correction for 3-D Contact and Target Surfaces
3.1.1.3. Multiple Load Step Interference Fit
3.1.1.4. Modeling Contact Offset (CNOF) as a Function of Location
3.1.1.5. Coefficient of Restitution
3.1.1.6. New Contact Element Output Quantities

3.1.1.1. Surface-Projection-Based Contact

Surface-projection-based contact is available for the 3-D surface-to-surface contact
elements, CONTA173 and CONTA174. Surface projection based contact enforces
contact constraints on an overlapping region of contact and target surfaces rather
than on individual contact nodes or Gauss points. The advantages of using this
technique are:

• It provides more accurate contact tractions and stresses of underlying elements.

• The designation of contact and target surfaces is less sensitive.
• It satisfies moment equilibrium and does not introduce artificial rotation energy,
even when an offset in contact normal direction exists between contact and
target surfaces with friction.
• Contact forces do not jump when contact nodes slide off the edge of target
surfaces.

This contact method is implemented by setting KEYOPT(4) = 3 on the CONTA173 and

CONTA174 elements. For more information, see Using the Surface Projection Based
Contact Method (KEYOPT(4) = 3) in the Contact Technology Guide.

3.1.1.2. Geometry Correction for 3-D Contact and Target Surfaces

In some contact applications, using a faceted surface in place of the true curved
geometry can significantly affect the accuracy of contact stresses. An optional geo-
metric correction feature has been introduced for nearly spherical and revolute (cyl-
indrical) contact surfaces. Geometry correction, which is defined via SECTYPE and
SECDATA section commands, is available for 3-D surface-to-surface contact elements:
TARGE170, CONTA173, and CONTA174. Applying geometry correction reduces the
discretization error associated with faceted surfaces and can greatly improve the ac-
curacy of contact stresses for certain types of curved contact/target surfaces. For

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36 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.1.1. Contact

more information, see Geometry Correction for Contact and Target Surfaces in the
Contact Technology Guide.

3.1.1.3. Multiple Load Step Interference Fit

Previously, the ramping option for initial contact penetration (KEYOPT(9) = 2 or 4)
was active only within the first load step. A new contact element real constant, STRM,
allows you to define the load step number in which the ramping option will take
place for a given contact pair. This real constant is useful for modeling multiple inter-
ference fits that occur sequentially (that is, the interference present in each contact
pair can be resolved in different load steps). STRM is available for contact elements
CONTA171 through CONTA177.

3.1.1.4. Modeling Contact Offset (CNOF) as a Function of Location

Contact offset CNOF can now be defined as a function of time and/or x, y, z location
(in global or local coordinates) by using tabular input, allowing more flexibility for
accurately modeling contact behavior. Consider the case of a CAD geometry based
on nominal values. The geometry may lack a slight curvature variation that is important
for analysis purposes. Moving nodes to the actual positions can be a tedious process,
yet using the original geometry and neglecting the slight variation in curvature will
result in a different contacting area. Consequently, inputting CNOF as a function of
location allows you to easily include curvature that varies with location without having
to modify the original CAD geometry. For more information, see Adjusting Initial
Contact Conditions in the Contact Technology Guide.

3.1.1.5. Coefficient of Restitution

When using impact constraints to model impact between rigid bodies, a coefficient
of restitution can now be input via the real constant COR to model loss of energy
during impact. The coefficient of restitution defines the ratio of relative velocity of
rigid bodies after impact to relative velocity of rigid bodies before impact; its value
varies between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates that the rigid bodies stick to each
other after impact, while a value of 1 indicates that the rigid bodies rebound after
impact with the magnitude of relative velocity after impact being the same as before
impact. The new COR real constant is available for contact elements CONTA171
through CONTA178.

3.1.1.6. New Contact Element Output Quantities

The following new output quantities are available (via the ETABLE command) for
contact elements CONTA171 through CONTA177: slip rate (VREL); fluid penetration

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

starting time (FSTART ); and true geometric gap/penetration at current converged

substep (GGAP). In addition, a pair-based contacting area (summation of areas where
contact is closed) can be reported through the NLHIST and NLDIAG commands.

3.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology

Release 13.0 includes the following enhancements to elements and nonlinear techno-
logy:
3.1.2.1. New 2-D Reinforcing Element
3.1.2.2. General Axisymmetric Surface Element
3.1.2.3. Hydrostatic Fluid Elements
3.1.2.4. Preintegrated Composite Beam Sections
3.1.2.5. Enhanced Failure Criteria Support
3.1.2.6. Layer and Temperature Limits Lifted
3.1.2.7.Transverse-Shear Strain Formulation
3.1.2.8. Manual Rezoning Enhancements
3.1.2.9. Volumetric Force Density
3.1.2.10. Enhanced Ocean Loading

3.1.2.1. New 2-D Reinforcing Element

Use the new REINF263 element with a standard 2-D solid or shell element (referred
to as the base element) to provide extra reinforcing to that element. REINF263 uses
a smeared approach and is suitable for modeling evenly spaced reinforcing fibers
that appear in layered form. Each reinforcing layer contains a cluster of fibers with
unique orientation, material, and cross-section area, and is simplified as a homogenous
membrane having unidirectional stiffness. You can specify multiple layers of reinforcing
in one REINF263 element. The nodal locations, degrees of freedom, and connectivity
of the element are identical to those of the base element.

3.1.2.2. General Axisymmetric Surface Element

Use the new SURF159 element to model axisymmetric solid surface loads acting on
general axisymmetric solid (SOLID272 or SOLID273) elements. The element has linear
or quadratic displacement behavior on the master plane and is well suited to modeling
irregular meshes on the master plane. It is defined by two or three nodes on the
master plane, and nodes created automatically in the circumferential direction based
on the master plane nodes. The total number of nodes depends on the number of
nodal planes. Each node has three degrees of freedom: translations in the nodal x,
y, and z directions. Various loads and surface effects can exist simultaneously.

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38 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology

3.1.2.3. Hydrostatic Fluid Elements

The new hydrostatic fluid elements, HSFLD241 and HSFLD242, allow you to model
fluids that are fully enclosed by 2-D/axisymmetric solids, 3-D solids, or 3-D shells. The
elements are well suited for calculating fluid volume and pressure for coupled prob-
lems involving fluid-solid interaction. The pressure in the fluid volume is assumed to
be uniform (no pressure gradients), so sloshing effects cannot be included. Temper-
ature effects and compressibility may be included, but fluid viscosity cannot be in-
cluded. The elements have linear and quadratic displacement behavior for nodes
shared with the enclosing solid. A single pressure node with a hydrostatic pressure
degree of freedom is shared by all the hydrostatic fluid elements defining a fluid
volume. The elements can be used in static and transient dynamic analyses with
various loads and boundary conditions.

3.1.2.4. Preintegrated Composite Beam Sections

A preintegrated composite beam section is an abstract cross-section type that allows
you to define a fully populated but symmetrical cross-section stiffness and mass
matrix directly. You can use preintegrated composite beam sections when using
BEAM188 or BEAM189 elements, provided that linear elastic material behavior is ac-
ceptable. Four new commands (CBMX, CBMD, CBTMP, and CBTE) are available for
specifying the individual component quantities necessary for defining a preintegrated
composite beam section. For more information, see Using Preintegrated Composite
Beam Sections in the Structural Analysis Guide.

3.1.2.5. Enhanced Failure Criteria Support

Support has been added for Puck and Hashin fiber and matrix failure criteria. The
new FCTYP command specifies which failure criteria are active for postprocessing
and includes support for Puck and Hashin failure criteria. Output commands (PxxSOL),
along with the ETABLE postprocessing command, have also been enhanced to support
the new failure criteria.

A new data table (TB,FCLI) is available for defining material strength limits used to
calculate failure criteria. For more information, see Material Strength Limits (TB,FCLI)
in the Element Reference.

3.1.2.6. Layer and Temperature Limits Lifted

When layers are defined via cross sections, the number layers for current-technology
shell, solid and elbow elements is no longer restricted to 250. Likewise, the number
of temperatures that can be used with those elements is no longer limited to 1024.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

The changes apply to the following elements: SHELL181, SHELL281, SHELL208,

SHELL209, ELBOW290, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLSH190.

3.1.2.7. Transverse-Shear Strain Formulation

An enhanced transverse-shear strain formulation has been implemented in solid-shell
element SOLSH190. Previously, SOLSH190 could predict only constant transverse-
shear strains through the thickness. With the new formulation, SOLSH190 is capable
of parabolic transverse-shear distribution in the thickness direction, leading to signi-
ficant improvement in particularly thick shell models.

3.1.2.8. Manual Rezoning Enhancements

Manual rezoning is now available for 3-D analyses. The remeshing method uses a
generic new mesh (.cdb file) imported via a separate meshing step (REMESH,READ).
Rezoning also supports additional solid and contact elements. For more information,
see Manual Rezoning in the Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide.

3.1.2.9. Volumetric Force Density

Force density is now supported as a vector (BFE,Element,FORCE). The vector is in-
terpreted in the global Cartesian coordinate system. Only constant values are valid
(and not tabular loads).

The force density is distributed to elements nodes via the shape functions. Density
values and directions remain unchanged as the element deforms; therefore, the total
force varies as the element volume changes.

Force-density support is available in the following elements: PLANE182, PLANE183,

SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLSH190, PLANE223, SOLID226, SOLID227, and
SOLID285.

3.1.2.10. Enhanced Ocean Loading

Three new wave types (specified via KWAVE on the OCDATA command) are available
for ocean loading: irregular wave, Shell new wave, and constrained new wave.

The irregular wave is created by adding the parameters (wave height, velocity, and
acceleration) of a number of regular airy waves (wave components) with random
phases and amplitudes corresponding to the required spectrum. The spectrum is di-
vided into a number of equal energy strips based on the number of wave components
specified, and each of the strips is a wave component. The frequency of the wave

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 3.1.3. Linear Dynamics

component is the frequency at the centroid of the strip. The amplitude of a wave
component is given by the square root of twice the area of the strip.

The Shell new wave model is similar to irregular wave. It uses a statistically based
linear superposition of linear wave components to define the wave profile and asso-
ciated kinematics representing the most likely maximum condition of a real sea.

A constrained new wave embeds a Shell new wave into an irregular wave so that the
maximum crest amplitude as given by the new wave occurs at a specific time and
position while the statistical nature of the random sea is preserved.

For more information, see Hydrodynamic Loads on Line Elements in the Theory Refer-
ence for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.

3.1.3. Linear Dynamics

Release 13.0 includes the following enhancements in the area of linear dynamics:
3.1.3.1. Reusing Eigenmodes
3.1.3.2. Spectrum Reaction Forces and Multipoint Response Spectrum Enhancements
3.1.3.3. Enforced Motion Method for Mode Superposition Harmonic/Transient Analysis
3.1.3.4. Unsymmetric and Damped Extraction Methods
3.1.3.5. Solution Accuracy Improvement for Brake Squeal Analysis (QRDAMP Solver)
3.1.3.6. Harmonic Response Analysis
3.1.3.7. Spin Softening

3.1.3.1. Reusing Eigenmodes

Most computational resources in a modal analysis are dedicated to mode extraction.
By reusing these results, fewer resources are required. All downstream analysis in-
volving eigenmodes can now reuse the modes from the Jobname.MODE file in a
subsequent spectrum analysis, modal transient or harmonic analysis, or QR damped
complex-mode-extraction modal-based methods.

For more information, see Reusing Eigenmodes in the Structural Analysis Guide.

3.1.3.2. Spectrum Reaction Forces and Multipoint Response Spectrum

Enhancements
The summation of the element nodal forces in a spectrum analysis now takes into
account the forces signs. Applicable postprocessing commands are: NFORCE, FSUM,
PRRFOR, and PRNLD.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

To define the input spectrum in a multipoint response spectrum (MPRS) analysis, use
the following new commands: SPDAMP, SPFREQ, SPUNIT, and SPVAL. The SPDAMP
command allows you to input a damping ratio for each spectrum curve.

To display the input spectrum, issue the new SPGRAPH command.

In MPRS and power spectral density (PSD) analyses, you can now define the excitation
direction in a global coordinate system via the SED command.

Spectrum analysis enhancements have also been made to other commands.

3.1.3.3. Enforced Motion Method for Mode Superposition Harmon-

ic/Transient Analysis
In mode superposition harmonic or transient analysis, the enforced motion method
can be used when the excitations are caused by imposed motions (such as acceleration
or displacement). For more information, see Enforced Motion Method for Mode Su-
perposition Transient and Harmonic Analysis in the Structural Analysis Guide and En-
forced Motion in Structural Analysis in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL
and Mechanical Applications.

3.1.3.4. Unsymmetric and Damped Extraction Methods

The unsymmetric extraction method (MODOPT,UNSYM) is now applicable to non-
damped models when the system matrices are unsymmetric, allowing a larger number
of eigenvalues to be extracted in less time using an automated frequency shift strategy.

The unsymmetric and damped (MODOPT,DAMP) extraction methods are now suppor-
ted using distributed memory parallelism in Distributed ANSYS.

For more information, see Unsymmetric Method, Comparing Mode-Extraction Methods,

and the MODOPT command documentation.

3.1.3.5. Solution Accuracy Improvement for Brake Squeal Analysis

(QRDAMP Solver)
The linear perturbation process supports modal solutions for Block Lanczos, UNSYM,
DAMP, and QRDAMP eigensolvers (MODOPT). The solution accuracy of QRDAMP for
brake squeal analysis has been greatly improved when QRDAMP is used in conjunction
with linear perturbation and the CMROTATE command.

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 3.1.4. Materials and Fracture

3.1.3.6. Harmonic Response Analysis

The HROPT command now selects the most efficient method to solve an acoustic
harmonic analysis by defaulting to AUTO (HROPT,AUTO). Depending on the model,
either the full method or the Variational Technology (VT) method is selected. Using
the VT method can reduce the time for an analysis by up to a factor of 10, especially
if the number of harmonic solutions (specified with NSUBST command) is large.

For more information, see the HROPT command documentation, Harmonic Response
Analysis, and Harmonic Sweep Using VT Accelerator.

This capability is also available for harmonic cyclic symmetry analyses. For more in-
formation, see the HROPT command documentation and Cyclic Symmetry Analysis.

3.1.3.7. Spin Softening

Spin softening is now activated by default in prestressed modal analyses when any
rotational velocities are specified. The KSPIN option on the OMEGA and CMOMEGA
commands is no longer documented.

3.1.4. Materials and Fracture

Release 13.0 includes the following enhancements to materials and fracture techno-
logy:
3.1.4.1. Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT)
3.1.4.2. Response Function Hyperelastic Material Option
3.1.4.3. Extended Tube Material Model
3.1.4.4. Gurson Plasticity with Isotropic/Chaboche Kinematic Hardening
3.1.4.5. Creep Enhancement
3.1.4.6. Cap Creep Model

Some material properties are not available via the material property menus of the
GUI. For a list of such material properties, see GUI-Inaccessible Material Properties in
the Element Reference.

3.1.4.1. Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT)

Energy-release rates can now be calculated using VCCT technology for two-dimen-
sional continuum elements, such as PLANE182, and the 3-D continuum element
SOLID185. To specify the VCCT calculation type, use the enhanced CINT command.
For more information, see Fracture Mechanics Parameters in the Structural Analysis
Guide.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.1.4.2. Response Function Hyperelastic Material Option

The new response function option for hyperelastic material constants (TB,HYPER,,,,RE-
SPONSE) uses experimental data (TB,EXPE) to determine the constitutive response
functions. The response functions (first derivatives of the hyperelastic potential) are
used to determine the hyperelastic constitutive behavior of the material.

The response function hyperelastic option can include experimental data from uniaxial
tension, uniaxial compression, equibiaxial, and/or planar shear tests. Additionally, the
volumetric response can be specified via experimental pressure-volume data or a
polynomial volumetric potential function.

For more information, see Response Function Hyperelastic Option in the Structural
Analysis Guide, Response Function Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element
Reference, and Experimental Response Functions in the Theory Reference for the
Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.

3.1.4.3. Extended Tube Material Model

The new extended tube model is available as a hyperelastic material option (TB,HY-
PER,,,,ETUBE). The model simulates filler-reinforced elastomers and other rubber-like
materials, supports material curve-fitting, and is available in all current-technology
continuum, shell, and pipe elements.

For more information, see the documentation for the TB command, Extended Tube
Material Constants in the Element Reference, and Extended Tube Model in the Theory
Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.

3.1.4.4. Gurson Plasticity with Isotropic/Chaboche Kinematic

Hardening
The new Gurson-Chaboche material model option is an extension of the Gurson
plasticity model. The option is used for modeling porous metal materials, combining
both isotropic and kinematic hardening effects. It accounts for microscopic material
behaviors, such as void dilatancy, void nucleation, and void coalescence into macro-
scopic plasticity models. Compared to the Gurson option with isotropic hardening
only, the new option can provide more realistic deformation results for cyclic loading.

The Gurson-Chaboche model first requires the input parameters for Gurson plasticity
with isotropic hardening (TB,GURSON), followed by additional input parameters for
Chaboche kinematic hardening (TB,CHABOCHE).

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 3.2.1. Structural Material Nonlinearities

For more information, see Gurson-Chaboche Material Model in the Structural Analysis
Guide, and Gurson Plasticity with Isotropic/Chaboche Kinematic Hardening in the
Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.

3.1.4.5. Creep Enhancement

When specifying Newton-Raphson options in an applicable static creep analysis, you
now have the option of using modified Newton-Raphson with a creep-ratio limit in
order to reduce the solution time. For more information, see the NROPT command
description.

3.1.4.6. Cap Creep Model

The cap creep model is an extension of the cap (rate-independent plasticity) model.
The extension is based on creep theory similar to that of the extended Drucker-Prager
(EDP) creep model.

Unlike EDP which requires only one creep test measurement, a cap creep model re-
quires two independent creep test measurements to account for both shear-dominated
creep and compaction-dominated creep behaviors. The new TBEO command allows
you to define both types of creep data separately.

For more information, see Cap Creep Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical
APDL and Mechanical Applications.

3.2. Coupled-Field
Release 13.0 includes the following enhancement in the area of coupled-field analysis:

3.2.1. Structural Material Nonlinearities

The coupled-field elements PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 now support struc-
tural material nonlinearities. The following plasticity, viscoelasticity, and viscoplasti-
city/creep material properties are available with structural-thermo-electric analyses.

• Plasiticy: PLASTIC, BISO, MISO, NLISO, BKIN, MKIN, KINH, CHABOCHE, HILL, SMA,
CAST, EDP, and GURSON
• Viscoelastic: PRONY and SHIFT
• Viscoplasticity/creep: CREEP and RATE

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

For more information, see PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 in the Element Reference,
the TB command in the Command Reference and Structural-Thermal-Electric Analyses
in the Coupled-Field Analysis Guide.

3.3. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics

Release 13.0 includes the following enhancement in the area of low-frequency elec-
tromagnetics:

3.3.1. Stranded Coil Analysis

You can now use current-technology electromagnetic elements PLANE233, SOLID236,
and SOLID237 to perform stranded coil analyses. The elements are applicable to 2-D
and 3-D static, time-harmonic, and time-transient electromagnetic analyses. The
stranded coil analysis option is suitable for modeling a stranded winding with a pre-
scribed current flow direction vector. The stranded coil may be voltage- or current-
driven, as well as circuit-fed. The new formulation uses edge-flux (AZ), voltage drop
across the coil (VOLT) and electromotive force (EMF) degrees of freedom. The elements
have an option to perform a stranded coil analysis with time-integrated voltage drop
or time-integrated electromotive force. For more information, see the Low-Frequency
Electromagnetic Analysis Guide and PLANE233, SOLID236, and SOLID237 in the Element
Reference.

3.4. Acoustics
The following enhancements to acoustic analysis are available in this release:
3.4.1. New Acoustic Fluid Elements
3.4.2. Perfectly Matched Layers (PML)

3.4.1. New Acoustic Fluid Elements

The new 3-D 20-node acoustic fluid element, FLUID220, models the fluid medium
and the interface in fluid/structure interaction problems. The element is well suited
for modeling sound wave propagation and submerged structure dynamics. Also
available is a 3-D 10-node acoustic fluid element, FLUID221.

3.4.2. Perfectly Matched Layers (PML)

PML support is now available in the FLUID30, FLUID220, and FLUID221 elements. PML
can be specified (via KEYOPT(4)) to absorb the outgoing sound wave.

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 3.6. Solvers

3.5. Thermal
The following enhancements to thermal analysis are available in this release:
3.5.1. New Thermal Solid Elements
3.5.2.Thermal Element Enhancement
3.5.3. Convection Analysis

3.5.1. New Thermal Solid Elements

Two new thermal elements, SOLID278 and SOLID279, are now available for 3-D steady
state and transient analyses. SOLID278 is a 8-node brick element with 3-D thermal
conduction capability. SOLID279 is a 20-node brick element that exhibits quadratic
thermal conduction behavior. Two forms are available for these new elements: homo-
geneous (nonlayered) thermal solid and layered thermal solid. The layered solid form
can model heat conduction in layered thick shells or solids. For thermal-structural
analysis, SOLID278 and SOLID279 are designed to be companion elements for struc-
tural solid elements SOLID185 and SOLID186, respectively. For more information, see
SOLID278 and SOLID279 in the Element Reference.

3.5.2. Thermal Element Enhancement

The 8-node thermal element PLANE77 now has a plane thickness option (KEYOPT(3)).

3.5.3. Convection Analysis

A two-extra-node option is now available for 2-D thermal surface effect element
SURF151 (KEYOPT(5) = 2). This new option offers greater accuracy than the one-extra-
node option. FLUID116 nodes can be mapped to SURF151 elements using the MSTOLE
command.

The SURF151 and SURF152 thermal surface effect elements can now be used to define
film effectiveness on a convection surface, providing more accurate simulations of
film cooling.

For more information, see Using the Surface Effect Elements in the Thermal Analysis
Guide.

3.6. Solvers
Release 13.0 includes the following new enhancements that improve solution proced-
ures and features.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.6.1. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements

3.6.2. GPU Accelerator Capability
3.6.3. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements

3.6.1. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements

The following enhancements are available for Distributed ANSYS:

• Enhanced scalability is available in these areas:

– Parallel equation ordering scheme is now default for the distributed sparse
solver.
– Improved scalability of assembly code for unsymmetric matrices.
– Improved scalability during creation of the PCG preconditioner.
• The following features are now supported and use distributed memory parallelism
within Distributed ANSYS:

– SURF151 and SURF153 surface elements that use the element behavior of
the underlying solid element (KEYOPT(3) = 10).
– Modal analyses using the unsymmetric or damped solution (MODOPT,UNSYM
or MODOPT,DAMP, respectively).
– Multiple load vectors and enforced motion in a modal analysis (MODCONT).
– Cyclic symmetry full harmonic analyses.
– Tracking nodal and element solution data (NLHIST,NSOL and NLHIST,ESOL).
• Many additional features now work in Distributed ANSYS, but do not use distrib-
uted memory parallelism. For more information, see Supported Analysis Types
and Supported Features in the Distributed ANSYS Guide.

3.6.2. GPU Accelerator Capability

It is becoming increasingly common to use the graphics processing unit (GPU) on
certain high-end graphics cards to perform general-purpose computations. This cap-
ability, now available in Mechanical APDL, can accelerate portions of a simulation.
Solution performance is especially improved, as the acceleration benefit applies
primarily to the equation solvers, which use highly parallel, heavy number-crunching
algorithms ideal for off-loading from the CPU onto the GPU.

GPU acceleration is supported on the Windows 64-bit and Linux x64 platforms. Cur-
rently, only a single GPU accelerator device can be used by the Mechanical APDL

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 3.7. Linear Perturbation

program during a solution. Only the NVIDIA Tesla GPU cards are supported, with the
Tesla 20-series cards being recommended. The ACCOPTION command controls GPU
acceleration options. GPU acceleration is not supported in Distributed ANSYS.

For more information, see "GPU Accelerator Capability" in the Advanced Analysis
Techniques Guide.

3.6.3. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements

The following are solver-related changes and enhancements:

• A major reduction in the amount of I/O for PCG Lanczos runs should improve
performance.
• Improved initial shift logic for the Block Lanczos eigensolver when used with a
buckling analysis.

3.7. Linear Perturbation

In many engineering applications, the linear behavior of a structure based on a prior
linear or nonlinear preloaded status is of interest. You can use the new linear perturb-
ation analysis procedure to solve a linear problem from this preloaded case for
modal analyses. The preloaded case can have any nonlinear materials and geometric
and contact nonlinearities. You can also use the linear perturbation procedure to
perform a buckling analysis if the preloaded case is linear or in the case of linear with
bonded contact.

To perform a modal linear perturbation after a static or full transient analysis, restart
the analysis at the load point of interest and issue the commands PERTURB,MODAL
and SOLVE. If a downstream analysis is desired using a modal load vector, you can
define or modify the perturbation load for the downstream analysis. The perturbed
load is calculated and stored in the .FULL and .MODE files for subsequent mode-
superposition, PSD, or other type of modal-based linear dynamic analysis.

For more information, see Linear Perturbation Analysis in the Structural Analysis Guide,
the PERTURB command documentation, and Linear Perturbation Analysis Theory in
the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.

This feature supersedes the partial-solution-based prestressed modal procedures

(using the PSOLVE command).

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.8. APDL Math

The new APDL Math feature extends the APDL scripting environment of Mechanical
APDL to give you access to the powerful matrix manipulation routines in the Mech-
anical APDL product, including its fast and efficient solvers.

APDL Math provides access to matrices and vectors from the .FULL, .EMAT, .MODE
and .SUB files, as well as other sources, so that you can read them in, manipulate
them, and write them back out or solve them directly. The new functionality augments
the vector and matrix operations in the standard APDL scripting environment. Both
dense matrices and sparse matrices can be manipulated using APDL Math.

For more information, see "APDL Math" in the ANSYS Parametric Design Language
Guide.

3.9. Commands
This section describes changes to commands at Release 13.0.

Some commands are not accessible from menus. The documentation for each com-
mand indicates whether or not a menu path is available for that command operation.
For a list of commands not available from within the GUI, see Menu-Inaccessible
Commands in the Command Reference.
3.9.1. New Commands
3.9.2. Modified Commands
3.9.3. Other Command Enhancements
3.9.4. Undocumented Commands
3.9.5. Archived Commands

3.9.1. New Commands

The following new commands are available in this release:

• ACCOPTION -- Specifies GPU accelerator capability options.

• *AXPY -- Performs the matrix operation M2= v*M1 + w*M2 (an APDL Math op-
eration).
• CBMD -- Specifies the preintegrated mass-density matrix for composite-beam
sections.
• CBMX -- Specifies preintegrated cross-section stiffness for composite beam sec-
tions.

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 3.9.1. New Commands

• CBTE -- Specifies a thermal expansion coefficient for a composite beam section.

• CBTMP -- Specifies a temperature for the composite beam matrix.
• CNKMOD -- Modifies contact element key options.
• *COMP -- Compresses the columns of a matrix using a specified algorithm (an
APDL Math operation).
• *DMAT -- Creates a dense matrix (an APDL Math operation).
• *EIGEN -- Performs a modal solution with unsymmetric or damping matrices (an
APDL Math operation).
• *EXPORT -- Exports a matrix to a file in the specified format (an APDL Math op-
eration).
• FCTYP -- Activates or removes failure-criteria types for postprocessing.
• *FREE -- Deletes a matrix or a solver object and frees its memory allocation (an
APDL Math operation).
• *ITENGINE -- Performs a solution using an iterative solver (an APDL Math oper-
ation).
• *LSBAC -- Performs the solve (forward/backward substitution) of a factorized
linear system (an APDL Math operation).
• *LSENGINE -- Creates a linear solver engine (an APDL Math operation).
• *LSFACTOR -- Performs the numerical factorization of a linear solver system (an
APDL Math operation).
• *MULT -- Performs the matrix multiplication M3 = M1(T1)*M2(T2) (an APDL Math
operation).
• *NRM -- Computes the norm of the specified matrix or vector (an APDL Math
operation).
• PERTURB -- Sets linear perturbation analysis options.
• *PRINT -- Prints the matrix values to a file (an APDL Math operation).
• QRDOPT -- Specifies additional QRDAMP modal analysis option.
• *SMAT -- Creates a sparse matrix (an APDL Math operation).
• SPDAMP -- Defines input spectrum damping in a multipoint response spectrum
analysis.
• SPFREQ -- Defines the frequency points for the input spectrum tables SPVAL
vs. SPFREQ for multipoint spectrum analysis.
• SPGRAPH -- Displays input spectrum curves for MPRS analysis.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

• SPVAL -- Defines multipoint response spectrum values.

• SPUNIT -- Defines the type of multipoint response spectrum.
• TBEO -- Sets special options or parameters for material data tables. For example,
a cap creep model requires two independent creep test measurements to account
for both shear-dominated creep and compaction-dominated creep behaviors.
The new command allows you to define both types of creep data separately.
• *VEC -- Creates a vector (an APDL Math operation).

3.9.2. Modified Commands

The following commands have been enhanced in this release:

• ANTYPE -- Specifies the analysis type and restart status. For modal analysis, the
REST option allows you to reuse the existing modes extracted from a previous
modal analysis. In addition, the new PERTURB option specifies that a linear per-
turbation analysis should be performed at restart.
• BF -- Defines an element body force load. The command has a new structural
label (Lab = FORC) for body-force density in a momentum equation.
• CMOMEGA -- Specifies the rotational velocity of an element component about
a user-defined rotational axis. Spin softening is now activated by default in
prestressed modal analyses when any rotational velocities are specified. The
KSPIN option is no longer documented.
• D -- Defines degree-of-freedom constraints at nodes. This command can be now
be used to prescribe an HDSP degree-of-freedom constraint at the pressure node
of hydrostatic fluid elements, HSFLD241 and HSFLD242.
• EQSLV -- Specifies the type of equation solver. The automatic iterative solver
option (Lab = ITER) is no longer supported. In addition, the DSPARSE solver
option has been replaced with the SPARSE solver option. When the SPARSE
solver option is specified, the distributed sparse solver is used in Distributed
ANSYS, and the non-distributed sparse solver is used in SMP ANSYS.
• ESURF -- Generates elements overlaid on the free faces of existing selected ele-
ments. The Shape = TRI option has been removed. The command no longer
generates triangular facet target elements using TARGE170.

In addition, the ESURF command can now be used to generate hydrostatic fluid
elements, HSFLD241 and HSFLD242. The command generates triangular (2-D) or
pyramid-shaped (3-D) elements with bases that are overlaid on the faces of se-
lected 2-D or 3-D solid or shell elements.

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 3.9.2. Modified Commands

• ETABLE -- Fills a table of element values for further processing. This postpro-
cessing command now supports failure criteria. Also, the command now has the
new label SEDN for strain energy density
• ETCHG -- Changes element types to their corresponding types. For thermal-
structural analyses, this command can change the new thermal elements SOL-
ID278 and SOLID279 to their companion structural elements SOLID185 and
SOLID186, respectively.
• F -- Specifies force loads at nodes. The DVOL force label has been added to
specify fluid mass flow rate (with units of mass/time) at the pressure node of
hydrostatic fluid elements, HSFLD241 and HSFLD242.
• *GET -- Retrieves a value and stores it as a scalar parameter or part of an array
parameter. The command can now retrieve composite beam-section data (En-
tity = CMPB).
• HROPT -- Specifies harmonic analysis options. The command now has a Method
= AUTO option, which automatically select the most efficient method. This is the
new default method.
• IC -- Specifies initial conditions at nodes. The HDSP (hydrostatic pressure) degree-
of-freedom has been added as a new structural label to allow specification of
initial hydrostatic pressure at the pressure node of hydrostatic fluid elements,
HSFLD241 and HSFLD242.
• IOPTN -- Controls options relating to importing a model. For IGES import, the
FACETED (RV53) option is no longer available.
• LCOPER -- Performs load case operations. Use the new Oper2 = CPXMAX to
calculate the maximum of derived stresses of complex results.
• MODOPT -- Specifies modal analysis options. This command now features the
QrdReuse field, which provides the option to reuse the block Lanczos eigen-
vectors from the first load step.
• *MOPER -- Performs matrix operations on array parameter matrices. Additional
options have been added for sorting arrays by their columns.
• MSTOLE -- Adds two extra nodes from FLUID116 elements to SURF151 or SURF152
elements for convection analyses. This command now supports SURF151 elements.
• NLDIAG -- Sets nonlinear diagnostics functionality. This command now reports
contacting area in the Jobname.CND file when contact information is requested.
• NLHIST -- Specify result items to track during solution. Contacting area can now
be requested as an item to track in the Jobname.NLH file.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

• NROPT -- Specifies Newton-Raphson options in a static or full transient analysis.

When applicable in a static creep analysis, the command now supports the
modified Newton-Raphson option with a creep-ratio limit.
• OCTYPE -- Defines an ocean environment using non-table data. When the spe-
cified ocean data type is “wave” (OCTYPE,,WAVE), valid wave-theory values for
specifying the API (for computing particle velocities and accelerations due to
waves and current) have been changed from 10+ to 101+. For further information,
see Known Incompatibilities (p. 66).
• OMEGA -- Specifies the rotational velocity of the structure. Spin softening is now
activated by default in prestressed modal analyses when any rotational velocities
are specified. The KSPIN option is no longer documented.
• PLESOL, PLNSOL, PRESOL, PRNSOL -- These output commands have new item
and component labels for Puck and Hashin failure criteria.
• PSDFRQ -- Defines the frequency points for the input spectrum tables PSDVAL
vs. PSDFRQ for PSD analyses. No longer applies to multipoint spectrum analyses.
(See SPFREQ.)
• PSDUNIT -- Defines the type of input PSD. No longer defines the type of multi-
point response spectrum. See SPUNIT.
• PSDVAL -- Defines PSD spectrum values. No longer defines multipoint response
spectrum values. See SPVAL.
• PRENERGY -- Lists the energies of the entire model or the energies of the spe-
cified components. Formerly, the command printed the total energies of a
model.
• RESCONTROL -- Controls file writing for multiframe restarts. The new LINEAR
option on the Action field specifies writing of restart files during a linear static
analysis. This option is needed if a subsequent linear perturbation analysis is
anticipated.
• RSTMAC -- Calculates modal assurance criterion (MAC) and matches nodal
solutions from two results files. You can now specify TolerN = -1 to map the
nodes of File2 into the elements of File1. The MAC is then based on the in-
terpolated solutions from File1. This procedure is particularly useful when
comparing the modes of cyclic symmetric structures.
• SECDATA -- Describes the geometry of a section. This command now supports
the definition of contact sections for spherical or revolution surfaces associated
with certain contact/target elements.

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 3.9.2. Modified Commands

• SECTYPE -- Associates section type information with a section ID number. The

command now has support for composite (temperature-dependent) beam sections
and contact sections.
• SED -- Defines the excitation direction for response spectrum and PSD analyses.
This command now contains the Cname field, which stores the component name
corresponding to the group of excited nodes. This new field allows the definition
of the excitation in the global coordinate system for MPRS or PSD analyses.
• SFE -- Specifies surface loads on elements. For the SURF151 and SURF152 extra
node option (KEYOPT(5) = 1), film effectiveness and free stream temperatures
may now be input for convection surface loads.
• SFELIST -- Lists the surface loads for elements. Film effectiveness and free stream
temperatures specified by the SFE command can now be listed by this command.
• SOLVE -- Starts a solution. A new Action field is available for use in linear
perturbation analyses. Setting Action = ELFORM causes all appropriate element
matrices to be reformed in the first phase of a linear perturbation analysis.
• SPOPT -- Selects the spectrum type and other spectrum options. This command
now contains the modReuseKey field. When running multiple spectrum ana-
lyses, this new key specifies that the existing MODE file is updated for reuse.
• SRSS -- Specifies the square root of sum of squares mode combination method.
This command now contains the AbsSumKey value, which activates the Absolute
Sum combination method. This method first combines the modes for each excit-
ation direction. It is supported in MPRS analysis.
• TB -- Activates a data table for nonlinear material properties or special element
input.

A new response function option for hyperelastic material constants (TB,HYPER,,,,RE-

SPONSE) has been added. The option uses experimental data (input via the new
TB,EXPE command) to determine the constitutive response functions. The re-
sponse functions are used to determine the hyperelastic constitutive behavior
of the material.

A new fluid material model (TB,FLUID) has been added for hydrostatic fluid ele-
ments, HSFLD241 and HSFLD242. Additional input allows you to define the ma-
terial as a liquid, a gas, or a fluid represented by pressure-volume data.

The coupled-field elements PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 can now use
the TB table to specify nonlinear material properties. Plasticity and viscoplasti-
city/creep properties are now available.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

• TBFT -- Performs material curve-fitting operations. The plot functionality

(TBFT,PLOT) has been removed. Plotting for curve-fitting operations should be
performed via the graphical user interface (GUI).
• *VOPER -- Operates on two array parameters. Options have been added for per-
forming vector or tensor (such as stress) transformations to and from the global
Cartesian coordinate system to a local coordinate system.

3.9.3. Other Command Enhancements

The absolute values of real data entered in a command can now be between 1.0E-200
and 1.0E+200. In prior releases, the absolute value was limited to an exponent of +/-
60.

The environment variable ANSYS_MACROLIB, which specifies the directories to search

for user-supplied macros, has been extended from 255 characters to 2480 characters.

3.9.4. Undocumented Commands

The following features have been undocumented at this release:

• The faceted geometry option for IGES import (IOPTN,FACET) and its defeaturing
commands
• The p-method
• The run statistics processor /RUNSTAT

The following legacy commands have therefore been undocumented:

• ALPFILL
• ARCOLLAPSE
• ARDETACH
• ARFILL
• ARMERGE
• ARSPLIT
• GAPFINISH
• GAPLIST
• GAPMERGE
• GAPOPT

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56 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.9.4. Undocumented Commands

• GAPPLOT
• LNCOLLAPSE
• LNDETACH
• LNFILL
• LNMERGE
• LNSPLIT
• PCONV
• PLCONV
• PEMOPTS
• PEXCLUDE
• PINCLUDE
• PMETH
• /PMETH
• PMOPTS
• PPLOT
• PPRANGE
• PRCONV
• PRECISION
• RALL
• RFILSZ
• RITER
• RMEMRY
• RSPEED
• RSTAT
• RTIMST
• /RUNST
• RWFRNT
• SARPLOT
• SHSD

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

• SLPPLOT
• SLSPLOT
• VCVFILL

For information about other commands that have been undocumented in prior re-
leases, see the archived release notes on the ANSYS Customer Portal.

3.9.5. Archived Commands

The piping module is now archived. The following legacy commands have therefore
been moved to the Feature Archive:

• BELLOW
• BEND
• BRANCH
• FLANGE
• MITER
• PCORRO
• PDRAG
• PFLUID
• PGAP
• PINSUL
• PIPE
• POPT
• PPRES
• PSPEC
• PSPRNG
• PTEMP
• PUNIT
• REDUCE
• RUN
• TEE
• VALVE

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58 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.10.1. New Elements

3.10. Elements
This section describes changes to elements at Release 13.0.

Some elements are not available from within the GUI. For a list of those elements,
see GUI-Inaccessible Elements in the Element Reference.
3.10.1. New Elements
3.10.2. Modified Elements
3.10.3. Undocumented Elements
3.10.4. Archived Elements

3.10.1. New Elements

The following new elements are available in this release:

• SURF159 -- This element models axisymmetric solid surface loads acting on

general axisymmetric solid (SOLID272 or SOLID273) elements. The element has
quadratic displacement behavior on the master plane and is well suited to
modeling irregular meshes on the master plane. It is defined by two or three
nodes on the master plane, and nodes created automatically in the circumferential
direction (based on the master plane nodes).
• FLUID220 -- This 3-D 20-node acoustic fluid element models the fluid medium
and the interface in fluid/structure interaction problems. This element is well
suited for modeling sound wave propagation and submerged structure dynamics.
• FLUID221 -- This 3-D 10-node acoustic fluid element models the fluid medium
and the interface in fluid/structure interaction problems. This element is well
suited for modeling sound wave propagation and submerged structure dynamics.
• HSFLD241 -- This 2-D hydrostatic fluid element models fluids that are fully en-
closed by 2-D planar and axisymmetric solids. This element is well suited for
modeling fluid-solid interaction with incompressible or compressible fluids under
uniform pressure. It can be used in geometrically linear as well as nonlinear
static and transient dynamic analyses.
• HSFLD242 -- This 3-D hydrostatic fluid element models fluids that are fully en-
closed by 3-D solids or shells. This element is well suited for modeling fluid-solid
interaction with incompressible or compressible fluids under uniform pressure.
It can be used in geometrically linear as well as nonlinear static and transient
dynamic analyses.
• REINF263 -- This 2-D reinforcing element is used with a standard 2-D solid or
shell element (referred to as the base element) to provide extra reinforcing to

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

that element. It uses a smeared approach and is suitable for modeling evenly
spaced reinforcing fibers that appear in layered form.
• SOLID278 -- This 3-D 8-node thermal solid element is applicable to steady state
and transient analyses. The element has two forms: homogeneous thermal solid
and layered thermal solid. It is designed to be a companion element for structural
solid element SOLID185.
• SOLID279 -- This 3-D 20-node thermal solid element is applicable to steady state
and transient analyses. The element has two forms: homogeneous thermal solid
and layered thermal solid. It is designed to be a companion element for structural
solid element SOLID186.

3.10.2. Modified Elements

The following elements have been enhanced in this release:

• PLANE77 -- This element now has a plane thickness option (KEYOPT(3)).

• FLUID116 -- This coupled thermal-fluid pipe element has a new KEYOPT(1) = 3
option to specify the PRES degree of freedom when it is connected to a hydro-
static fluid element (HSFLD241 or HSFLD242). This option converts the fluid ele-
ment mass flow rate to volume change for compatibility with the new hydrostatic
fluid elements.
• SURF151 -- For improved accuracy in convection analyses, this 2-D surface effect
element has a new option for adding two extra nodes from FLUID116 elements.
For the one-extra-node option (KEYOPT(5) = 1), film effectiveness and free stream
temperatures may now be input for convection surface loads.
• SURF152 -- For the one-extra-node option (KEYOPT(5) = 1), film effectiveness and
free stream temperatures may now be input for convection surface loads.
• TARGE170, CONTA173, and CONTA174 -- These 3-D surface-to-surface contact
and target elements now support a geometry correction feature that can be
applied to spherical and revolute contact and target surfaces to reduce discret-
ization errors associated with faceted surfaces.
• CONTA173 and CONTA174 -- These 3-D surface-to-surface contact elements
support the new projection-based method specified by setting KEYOPT(4) = 3
for the contact detection option.
• CONTA171 through CONTA177 -- The following improvements are available for
these contact elements:

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60 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.10.2. Modified Elements

– KEYOPT(10), which controls the contact stiffness update method, has been
simplified in these elements. Several of the options have been removed from
this KEYOPT; KEYOPT(10) = 0 and 2 are still available.
– A new real constant, STRM, allows you to specify the load step number in
which the ramping option for initial contact penetration will take place. Used
in conjunction with KEYOPT(9) = 2 or 4, this feature is useful for modeling
multiple interference fits that take place sequentially over several load steps.
– The following new contact output quantities are available: VREL -- slip rate;
GGAP -- true geometric gap/penetration at current converged substep; FSTART
-- fluid penetration starting time. (FSTART is available only for surface-to-
surface contact elements.)
• CONTA171 through CONTA178 -- You can now input a coefficient of restitution
via the new contact element real constant COR. When using impact constraints
to model impact between rigid bodies, the coefficient of restitution can be used
to model loss of energy during impact.
• SHELL181 -- KEYOPT(4) has been removed from this four-node structural shell
element. The element now uses the constitutive algorithm exclusively for nonlin-
ear shell-thickness updates. Real constant support has been undocumented.
• SHELL208, SHELL209 -- KEYOPT(4) has been removed from these shell elements.
The elements now use the constitutive algorithm exclusively for nonlinear shell-
thickness updates.
• PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 -- These coupled field elements have been
enhanced with new nonlinear material capabilities. Plasticity, viscoelasticity, and
viscoplasticity/creep material properties can now be specified via the TB com-
mand.
• PLANE233, SOLID236, SOLID237 -- These current-technology elements now sup-
port stranded coil analyses via the new KEYOPT(1) = 2 option. The stranded coil
analysis option is suitable for modeling a stranded winding with a prescribed
current flow direction vector. The stranded coil may be voltage- or current-driven,
as well as circuit-fed.
• SHELL281 -- KEYOPT(2) and KEYOPT(4) have been removed from this eight-node
structural shell element. The element now uses an advanced shell formulation
that accurately incorporates initial curvature effects. The new formulation generally
offers improved accuracy in curved shell structure simulations, especially when
thickness strain is significant or the material anisotropy in the thickness direction
cannot be ignored. Real constant support has been undocumented.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.10.3. Undocumented Elements

The following legacy elements have been undocumented at this release, as follows:

Suggested Cur-
Undocumented
rent-Techno- Recommendations
Legacy Element
logy Element
BEAM3 Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Constrain UZ, ROTX, and
ROTY to simulate 2-D behavior. Issue a SEC-
TYPE,,BEAM command.
BEAM23 Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Constrain UZ, ROTX, and
ROTY to simulate 2-D behavior. Issue a SEC-
TYPE,,BEAM command.

BEAM24 BEAM188 or Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Issue a SECTYPE,,BEAM

BEAM189 command.
BEAM44 Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Issue a SECTYPE,,BEAM or
possibly a SECTYPE,,TAPER command. A
SECOFFSET command may be necessary.
BEAM54 Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Constrain UZ, ROTX, and
ROTY to simulate 2-D behavior. Issue a SEC-
TYPE,,TAPER command. A SECOFFSET com-
mand may be necessary.
COMBIN7 MPC184 Set KEYOPT(1) = 6.
LINK1 --
LINK8 --
LINK10 LINK180 To simulate LINK10 functionality, set the
LINK180 tension/compression option (real
constant TENSKEY).
LINK32 LINK33 --
PIPE17 --
PIPE288
PIPE20 --
PIPE60 ELBOW290 --
PLANE67 PLANE223 Set KEYOPT(1) = 110.
SHELL57 SHELL131 Set KEYOPT(3) = 2. Issue SECTYPE,,SHELL.
SOLID69 SOLID226 Set KEYOPT(1) = 110.

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 3.10.4. Archived Elements

p-elements:

SOLID127
SOLID128
PLANE145 NA The p-method has been undocumented.
PLANE146
SOLID147
SOLID148
SHELL150

For information about other elements that have been undocumented in prior releases,
see the archived release notes on the ANSYS Customer Portal.

3.10.4. Archived Elements

The following legacy elements have been moved to the Feature Archive:

Suggested Cur-
Archived Leg-
rent-Techno- Recommendations
acy Element
logy Element
BEAM4 BEAM188 or Set KEYOPT(3) = 3. Issue a SECTYPE,,BEAM
BEAM189 command.
CONTAC12 Constrain the UZ degree of freedom to simu-
CONTA178 late 2-D behavior. CONTA178 does not sup-
port the circular gap option of CONTAC12.
PIPE16 PIPE288 --
PIPE18 ELBOW290 --
PLANE42 PLANE182 Set KEYOPT(1) = 3.
SOLID45 SOLID185 Set KEYOPT(2) = 3.
CONTAC52 CONTA178 --
PIPE59 PIPE288 Issue SOCEAN and ocean (OCxxxxxx) com-
mands to apply ocean loading.
SHELL63 SHELL181 Set KEYOPT(3) = 2. May require a finer mesh.
PLANE82 PLANE183 --
SOLID92 SOLID187 --

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

SOLID95 SOLID186 (Homo-

Set KEYOPT(2) = 1. For nonlinear analysis, set
genous Structur-
KEYOPT(2) = 0 (default).
al Solid)

3.11. Other Enhancements

This section contains information about enhancements not listed elsewhere in this
document.

3.11.1. Postprocessing
The following enhancements have been made to the POST1 general database results
postprocessor.

• Energy -- The energy values can now be printed out for each of the components
in a model via the PRENERGY command.
• Maximum of derived stresses for complex results -- When postprocessing
complex results, the maximum of the derived stresses can be obtained via the
LCOPER load-case operations command.
• Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) -- The RSTMAC command now supports
dissimilar meshes using mapping and interpolation of the solutions.

3.11.2. Documentation
ANSYS, Inc. continues to refine the Mechanical APDL documentation set. To that end,
the following changes and enhancements to the documentation have occurred with
this release:

3.11.2.1. Technology Demonstration Guide

The Technology Demonstration Guide includes a new example problem entitled Modal
and Harmonic Frequency Analyses of an Automotive Suspension Assembly Using
CMS. The new example shows how to generate dynamic superelements for use in
downstream linear dynamics analyses using component mode synthesis (CMS).

The example cyclic symmetry centrifugal impeller analysis has been enhanced to in-
clude linear-perturbation solution approaches. For more information, see Centrifugal
Impeller Analysis Using Cyclic Symmetry and Linear Perturbation.

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64 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.11.2. Documentation

3.11.2.2. Feature Archive

This release includes the new Feature Archive, a repository for legacy element, com-
mand, theory and feature documentation. While ANSYS, Inc. continues to support
these legacy capabilities for the immediate future, some may be undocumented in
future releases. You are urged to consider moving to their recommended replacements.

3.11.2.3. Documentation Updates for Programmers

The following documentation updates are available for programmers:

3.11.2.3.1. Routines and Functions Updated

Routines and functions documented in the Programmer's Manual have been updated
to reflect the current source code. To see specific changes in a file, ANSYS, Inc. recom-
mends opening both the old and current files (using a text editor that displays line
numbers), then comparing the two to determine which lines have changed. You can
copy the updated files to your system by performing a custom installation of the
product.

3.11.2.3.2. /UPF Command for Linking UPFs

The new /UPF command offers the simplest method for linking user-programmable
features into Mechanical APDL. The format of the command is:

/UPF,RoutineName

where RoutineName is the name of a user routine that you want to link. The specified
routine must reside in the current working directory.

When the Mechanical APDL program reads the input and detects this command, the
program is relinked automatically. You can reissue the /UPF command as often as
needed to include multiple user routines. For more information, see Compiling and
Linking UPFs on UNIX/Linux Systems and Compiling and Linking UPFs on Windows
Systems in the Programmer's Manual.

3.11.2.3.3. New Routines for Ocean Loading

The Programmer's Manual features two new user routines to support analyses involving
ocean loading. The userPanelHydFor routine computes panel loads caused by
ocean loading. This capability is accessed via the SURF154 element's KEYOPT(8), to-
gether with data read in via the userOceanRead subroutine.

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.12. Known Incompatibilities

The following incompatibilities with prior releases of are known to exist at Release
13.0.
3.12.1. Surface Elements
3.12.2. Change in Default Byte-Swapping Behavior for Binary Files
3.12.3. Results File Format Change
3.12.4. Spin Softening Default
3.12.5. Ocean Environment Definition
3.12.6. Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic) Material Model Option
3.12.7. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell Elements
3.12.8. Contacting Area for Contact Elements

3.12.1. Surface Elements

For SURF151, SURF152, SURF153, and SURF154, the seventh real constant (TKI, the
thickness at node I) takes a value of 0.0 rather than the former value of 1.0 if that
constant is input as zero or blank. The new default value may affect the volume and
mass of the indicated surface elements.

For SURF151 and SURF152, the change may also affect the element heat generation
and specific heat logic. For SURF153 and SURF154, the change may also affect the
surface-tension logic.

3.12.2. Change in Default Byte-Swapping Behavior for Binary

Files
In previous releases, Mechanical APDL performed byte-swapping on most Windows
and Linux platforms before writing any file data or after reading any file data; byte-
swapping was not performed on most UNIX platforms.

To improve performance, byte-swapping is no longer performed on Windows and

Linux platforms at this release, but is performed on most UNIX platforms.

This incompatibility affects only third parties who interface with ANSYS binary files
(that is, read/write ANSYS binary files in their own programs). Affected third parties
must modify their code to accommodate this change.

BINLIB and the demonstration routines provided with the release (documented in
the Programmer's Manual) have been upgraded to reflect this change, and can read
either format.

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66 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 3.12.6. Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic) Material Model Option

3.12.3. Results File Format Change

The results file has the following new or changed records (as documented in the
Programmer's Manual):

• Records for material property data have been added.

• Records for section data have been added.
• The degree-of-freedom records for reaction forces and master degrees-of-freedoms
are LONGINT (64-bit) instead of integers (32-bit).

The results file access routines provided with the release (also documented in the
Programmer's Manual) have been upgraded to reflect this change, and can read current
results files as well as files from prior releases.

3.12.4. Spin Softening Default

Spin softening is now activated by default in prestressed modal analyses when any
rotational velocities are specified. If you did not explicitly request it in prior releases,
you may notice different frequencies.

3.12.5. Ocean Environment Definition

Defining an ocean environment using non-table data has changed slightly when the
specified ocean data type is “wave” (OCTYPE,,WAVE). Valid wave-theory values for
specifying the API (for computing particle velocities and accelerations due to waves
and current) have been changed from 10+ to 101+, as follows:

101 through 200 -- Data preprocessed (via the default Small

Amplitude Airy Wave Theory logic [KWAVE = 0]).
201+ -- Data not preprocessed.

3.12.6. Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic) Material Model

Option
An option (TBOPT) on the TB,RATE command has changed. The former TBOPT =
CHABOCHE option is now TBOPT = EVH. The option offers exponential visco-
hardening with nonlinear kinematic hardening using von Mises or Hill plasticity.
Specify this option as follows: TB,RATE,,,6,EVH

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Chapter 3: Mechanical APDL

3.12.7. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell

Elements
The mass inertia contributions to rotational degrees of freedom are now considered
when using the lumped matrix formulation (LUMPM,ON) with element types BEAM188,
BEAM189, PIPE288, PIPE289, SHELL181, and SHELL281. This change means that you
can now account for dynamic torsional effects for beams or pipes in your analysis
when using the LUMPM,ON command. Accuracy may be affected by a small amount.

3.12.8. Contacting Area for Contact Elements

The contacting area output quantity CAREA is now reported as a single-valued element
quantity for contact elements CONTA171 through CONTA177. Individual nodal
quantities for CAREA are no longer reported.

3.13. The ANSYS Customer Portal

If you have a password to the ANSYS Customer Portal (https://www1.ansys.com/cus-
tomer/), you can view additional documentation information and late changes. Nav-
igate to Product Information> Product Documentation> Readme files and late
document changes.

The portal is also your source for ANSYS, Inc. software downloads, service packs,
product information (including example applications, current and archived document-
ation, undocumented commands, input files, and product previews), and online
support.

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68 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 4: AUTODYN
The following new features are exposed in ANSYS AUTODYN for Release 13.0:

4.1. Euler Solver Enhancements

The efficiency of the 3D multi-material Euler solver has been significantly increased.
Speed-ups of between 1.5 and 1.75 have been observed over previous versions of
the software.

4.2. Interaction Enhancements

4.2.1. Automatic Coupling Set-Up
A Fully Auto option has been added when using the Fully Coupled Euler-Lagrange
coupling method. This option will fully automate the set up of the Euler-Lagrange/Shell
coupling. All structural Parts will be coupled to the Eulerian Parts in the model, and
all shell Parts in the model will be thickened in such a way that they will fit the region
of the Euler mesh they initially reside in.

There is also a Semi-Auto option where only the set-up of the shell coupling is
automatic. The coupling properties of any other structural parts remain unchanged.

Significant improvements to the robustness of shell coupling at T-sections (or locations

where more than 2 shell faces are connected along a common edge) have been
made. Only the normal of relevant shell elements is used to obtain a smooth coupling
surface at those locations, which is a similar procedure as is available in the existing
Joins options for the Manual coupling setup of structured parts.

4.2.2. Efficient Treatment of Fully-Constrained Rigid Parts

with Full Coupling
Improvements have been implemented for the treatment of cover fractions for fully-
constrained rigid parts. These cover fractions are now only calculated at the start of
the analysis. Furthermore, such parts can be included in models also containing other

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Chapter 4: AUTODYN

moving rigid and/or flexible parts. Therefore, when using Full Coupling, fully-con-
strained rigid parts (and structured Fill parts) are more efficiently calculated in com-
bination with other moving rigid and/or flexible parts.

4.3. Analytical Blast Boundary

A new Analytical Blast boundary condition based on the United States Army Tech-
nical Manual, TM 5-855-1 is available to allow efficient simulation of blast loading
from air or surface explosions. The boundary condition is available for solid and shell
elements in the AUTODYN component system.

4.4. Remote Points and Displacements

Remote points and displacements can now be defined and used within the Explicit
Dynamics system. Remote points are transferred to AUTODYN as a rigid body connec-
tion. Remote displacements are applied to a single node of the remote point rigid
body. Remote points and displacement objects cannot be modified within the
AUTODYN component system.

4.5. Parallel Processing

4.5.1. HP-MPI Message Passing Protocol
The use of WMPI as the parallel message passing protocol has been discontinued
and AUTODYN is now only made available using HP-MPI as the parallel message
passing protocol. Please note that dynamic spawning of slave processes from the
AUTODYN component system is no longer available and that the number of slave
tasks is specified before starting the AUTODYN application.

4.5.2. Automatic Decomposition of Euler parts

The automatic parallel decomposition algorithm has been extended to include Multi-
material Euler parts. Previously it only handled Ideal Gas Euler and unstructured grids.
This facilitates the decomposing of complicated Euler/Lagrange coupled models—you
need only stipulate the number of tasks over which the model should be assigned
and AUTODYN will automatically produce a decomposition configuration with good
load balancing qualities and minimal inter-processor communication.

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 4.6. Shells with Variable Thickness

4.6. Shells with Variable Thickness

AUTODYN supports the analysis of models generated in the Explicit Dynamics system
that contain shell parts with variable thickness. Shells with a constant, tabular, and
functional thickness definition are all supported. The generation of shell parts with
a variable thickness in AUTODYN itself is not supported.

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Chapter 5: ICEM CFD
5.1. Highlights of ANSYS ICEM CFD 13.0
Release 13.0 comprises improved implementation of ANSYS ICEM CFD meshing
technology as a standalone application and within the ANSYS Workbench-based
Meshing application.

5.2. Key New Features/Improvements

ANSYS ICEM CFD 13.0 includes the following new features and improvements:
5.2.1. Workbench Integration
5.2.2. Geometry
5.2.3. Hexa
5.2.4. Mesh Editing
5.2.5.Tetra/Prism
5.2.6. General

5.2.1. Workbench Integration

• Workbench is now included with the install of ANSYS ICEM CFD. This makes it
easier for users to access the Workbench Readers and other Workbench-related
functionality.
• The connection to the Workbench CAD readers has been enhanced and updated,
including better support for mixed dimension (shells and solids) geometries.
• ANSYS Workbench Meshing now supports “ANSYS ICEM CFD Interactive”. This
allows users to export their geometry and mesh into ANSYS ICEM CFD for
meshing, blocking or mesh editing. The final ANSYS ICEM CFD mesh can be saved
and brought back into ANSYS Workbench Meshing. Scripts and batch mode can
also be used.

5.2.2. Geometry
• STL files containing multiple parts are now imported with multiple part names.

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Chapter 5: ICEM CFD

• The licensing check for STL export has been removed.

5.2.3. Hexa
• Error messages have been improved and minor error messages are now hidden
by a Verbose mode setting under Hexa/Mixed Meshing Options.
• A Hexa selection option to select by vertex has been added. This is most useful
in conjunction with error messages that reference vertex numbers.
• Handling of settings and edge parameters during the Load Blocking, Create
Block, and Update Sizes operations has been improved.
• Hexa smoothing has been significantly enhanced, particularly for unstructured
Hexa.
• Multi-zone quality, robustness and speed have been improved across the board.
• The reliability of imprinting and sweeping has been improved.

5.2.4. Mesh Editing

• The new ANSYS CFD “Orthogonality Quality” mesh metric has been added to
ANSYS ICEM CFD.
• Other quality metrics have been organized and several quality criterion and dis-
play defects have been resolved.
• Unstructured smoothing has been enhanced in several ways, including enhanced
min. edge smoothing for PI Tetra and gradient smoothing for unstructured nodes.
• The Hexahedral mesh smoothing has been significantly enhanced.
• Orthogonality based smoothing now handles curve projected nodes well and
internal interpolation has been improved.

Structured smoothing methods such as Sorenson/Thomas & Middlecoff have

also been added (beta options).
• The capability to merge tetra and hybrid mesh has been added. Previously you
could only merge tetra with pure tetra or pure hexa mesh, but now hybrid mesh
(combination of quad and tri faces) is supported.

5.2.5. Tetra/Prism
• Multi-threaded (SMP) mesh generation and smoothing has been added.

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 5.3.1.Tutorials

• .Octree Tetra can combine the Visible geometry option with the Use existing
mesh parts option.
• Delaunay, robustness, flood fill and fill from quad mesh have been improved.
• Prism smoothing settings have been improved.

5.2.6. General
• A number of other defects and minor feature requests have been taken care of.
• A number of User Interface improvements have been made for easier accessibility
of options.
• Overall graphics speedup makes it significantly faster to enable/disable elements.
Histogram display is also faster.

5.3. Documentation
All documentation for ANSYS ICEM CFD 13.0 is accessible using the Help menu.
Please contact us if you would like to attend training. Please visit the ANSYS ICEM
CFD website for more information.
5.3.1.Tutorials

5.3.1. Tutorials
Some tutorial examples are available within the Help. Additional tutorials, input files,
as well as the solved tutorials are available at http://www.ansys.com/tutorials.

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76 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 6: TurboGrid
This section summarizes the new features in ANSYS TurboGrid Release 13.0.

New Features and Enhancements

The following is a list of new features and enhancements in ANSYS TurboGrid:

• A significant new feature is the ATM Optimized topology definition. This feature
enables you to create high-quality meshes with minimal effort; there is no need
for control point adjustment. It is an alternative to the standard topologies. To
use this feature, set Topology Definition > Placement to ATM Optimized,
in the Topology Set object. For more information about this feature, see ATM
Optimized Topology in the TurboGrid User's Guide. (Note that when this feature
was a Beta feature, you could only use it for blades without ‘cut-off or square’
leading or trailing edges. This limitation has since been removed.)
• The expression editor was enhanced in the following ways:
– There is now syntax highlighting for components of expressions (variables,
locators, functions, and expressions).
– There is a shortcut menu for selecting variables, locators, expressions, and
functions while entering an expression.
– Expressions are organized in a tree view that comes equipped with a shortcut
menu for managing expressions.
– ANSYS TurboGrid has support for using ANSYS Workbench input parameters
and ANSYS Workbench output parameters.
• You can use expressions to set the values of many of the settings found in a CCL
object, directly from the associated object editor (that is, without having to use
the Command Editor dialog box or other means to change the CCL directly).

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78 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 7: FLUENT
7.1. Introduction
ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 contains new features and defect fixes. The sections that follow
provide information on New Features in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 (p. 79), Supported Platforms
for ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 (p. 84), Known Limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 (p. 84), Limit-
ations That No Longer Apply in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 (p. 88), and Updates Affecting Code
Behavior (p. 88).

7.2. New Features in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

New features available in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 are listed below.

• Solver
– Pseudo-transient relaxation method
– Conservation of rothalpy transport equation
• Models
– Turbulence
→ SAS turbulence model
→ Embedded/zonal LES (E-LES)
→ Enhanced wall treatment for the omega transport equation
→ Compatibility of the k-omega turbulence model with multiphase models
→ Turbulence transition model for rough walls
– Heat transfer
→ Shell conduction zone manager
→ Improved shell conduction model performance
→ Cluster-to-cluster viewfactor calculations
→ Ability to compute solar loads in the parallel solver

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

→ Discrete Ordinates and P-1 radiation models compatible with Eulerian-

Eulerian multiphase (non-granular)
→ Unlimited number of gray bands with the Discrete Ordinates model
→ Multi-band modeling now available with the P-1 radiation model
→ Improved parallel performance of the ray-tracing module
– Species transport, reactions and combustion
→ Multiple spark model
→ Veynante extended coherent flame model (ECFM)
→ Option to model Arrhenius inter-phase reactions
→ Improved surface chemistry solver robustness
→ Improved multi-component solidification model
→ Faster unsteady NOx pollutant modeling
→ Characteristic time model
→ G-equation model
→ Chemistry agglomeration for faster detailed chemistry
→ Chemical mechanism dimension reduction
→ Compatibility of non-premixed model with the real gas equation of state
→ Thickened flame model
→ Unburnt partially-premixed properties extended to include a second
mixture fraction
→ Ability to solve for detailed chemistry as a postprocessing step on a frozen
flow field solving for selected pollutant species using constrained chem-
ical equilibrium
→ Ability to report element flux balances as an additional check of conver-
gence
→ Ability to input a single value of URF and Spatial Discretization to be used
for all species
– Discrete phase model
→ KHRT breakup model
→ Transient mass flow rate and velocity for injections

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 7.2. New Features in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

→ Dense DPM extended to include the packing limit

→ Improved DPM parallel performance
→ Ability to export particle data to CFD-Post for postprocessing
– VOF
→ Compressive scheme
→ Zone specific VOF discretization
→ BGM scheme for steady-state VOF
→ Turbulence damping sources near free surfaces
→ Ability to specify higher-order waves
→ Numerical beach option for open channel flows
→ Coupled level-set method
– Eulerian multiphase model
→ Multi-velocity sectional population balance module
→ Ability to model sub-cooled boiling, including non-equilibrium sub-cooled
boiling
→ Improved treatment of volume fraction gradients for gas-liquid flows
(improved robustness)
→ Ability to include real gas properties in Eulerian multiphase simulations
– Population balance
→ Laakkonen kernel
→ Inhomogeneous discrete population balance model
→ Multi-velocity sectional population balance module
• Boundary conditions
– Subcritical flow enhancement for open channel boundary condition (VOF)
– Bounded second order discretization in time
– Ability to assign a velocity inlet boundary condition with compressible flows
– Hybrid initialization
– Average pressure specification boundary condition method compatible with
the PBNS solver

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

• Material properties
– Droplet material properties expanded to include DPM vapor pressure data
up to the critical point
– Cryogenic droplet materials added
– Peng-Robinson, Redlich-Kwong and Soave-Redlich-Kwong real-gas equations
of state
– Real gas models extended to sub-critical regime
– Multiple mixture materials for species transport
– Ability to use other materials with user-defined real gas
• Data import and export
– Ability to append case and data files in the parallel solver
– Ability to export custom field function data in parallel to Fieldview
– Ability to import TecPlot 360 meshes (including polyhedral cells)
– Ability to export data in ASCII format in the parallel solver
• Mesh
– Transport equation-based (diffusion-based) mesh smoothing
– Key frame mesh swapping
– Ability to include adjacent boundaries during zone remeshing
– Ability to replace zones in parallel
– Steady non-conformal interfaces are now preserved in transient simulations
for improved performance
– Mesh morpher and optimizer
– Ability to identify and improve poor quality cells
– Cartesian remeshing (without boundary layer remeshing)
– Mesh check progress indicator
• Moving meshes
– Ability to define an MRF zone within an MRF zone
– Ability to specify a moving reference frame independent of the movement
of the mesh for the same zone
• Porous media

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 7.2. New Features in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

– Ability to define porous jump as a non-transparent surface when using the

solar load model
– Ability to specify contact angle on porous jump boundaries (VOF)
• Parallel processing
– No longer necessary to encapsulate hexcore meshes
– Improved performance for case file I/O
– Optimized .pdat files for cases with large numbers of zones
– Optimization for multicore architectures
– Improved scalability for cases with sliding interfaces
– Parallel I/O support for Lustre on Linux
– Speedup of parallel checkpointing
– Extended parallel file system support
– Ability to couple FLUENT to the Remote Solver Manager (RSM). (Serial or
local (shared memory) parallel jobs only)
• Memory management
– User-defined memory for nodes
– Optimized memory usage for Tmerge utility
• Graphics, postprocessing, and reporting
– Ability to report fluxes for dense DPM phases
– Ability to enable/disable in-cylinder specific output
– Optimized monitor data writing
– Ability to view mesh interfaces from the mesh interface dialog box
– Selected boundary surfaces are now highlighted in the graphics window
when selected
– Ability to export DPM particle data to CFD-Post
– Ability to plot radiative heat flux at flow boundaries
– Ability to display and highlight selected surfaces/boundaries in the graphics
window
– Wild-card support for selecting surfaces with post-processing TUI commands
– FLUENT window title text prepended by case name
• User-defined functions (UDFs) and user-defined scalars (UDSs)

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

– UDF access to MRF specifications for non-constant motion

– Spark model user hooks
– UDF access to model non-constant frames of motion in moving reference
frames
– UDF access to the absorption coefficient computed by the WSGGM
• User interface
– Toolbar buttons now available for standard views
• Multi-physics
– FLUENT coupling with HFSS/Maxwell/Q3D Extractor

7.3. Supported Platforms for ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

Platform/OS levels that are supported in the current release are posted on the ANSYS
website.

7.4. Known Limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

The following is a list of known limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0.

• File import/export
– Data export to Mechanical APDL result file is not available on the linx64 and
linia64 platforms. (Mechanical APDL data export to .cdb file is available on
all platforms)
– When exporting EnSight Case Gold files for transient simulations, the solver
cannot be switched between serial and parallel, and the number of compute
nodes cannot be changed for a given parallel run. Otherwise, the exported
EnSight Case Gold files for each time step will not be compatible
– EnSight export with topology changes is not supported
– To properly view Fieldview Unstructured (.fvuns) results from a parallel ANSYS
FLUENT simulation
→ Mesh files must be exported from the parallel solver via the TUI command
fieldview-unstruct-grid
→ Mesh and data files should all be exported from parallel ANSYS FLUENT
sessions with the same number of nodes
– Import of 3D ABAQUS files in .odb format is not available on the IBM platform

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 7.4. Known Limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

– Tecplot file import does not support the Tecplot360 file format
– Import of ANSYS CFX definitions or results files is no longer supported on
the hpia64 platform
• Mesh
– Boundary zone extrusion is not possible from faces that have hanging nodes
– The following features are incompatible with polyhedral cell types:
→ Moving/deforming mesh
• Models
– ANSYS FLUENT supports the Chemkin II format for Oppdif flamelet import
only
– The surface-to-surface (S2S) radiation model does not work with sliding and
moving/deforming meshes
– The work pile algorithm is not compatible with the wall film boundary condi-
tion
– The shell conduction model is not applicable on moving walls
– The heat exchanger model is not compatible with mesh adaption
– The FLUENT/REACTION DESIGN KINetics coupling is not available on the win64
platform
– DO-Energy coupling is recommended for large optical thickness cases (> 10)
only
– FMG initialization is not available with the shell conduction model
– FMG initialization is not compatible with the unsteady solver
– The MHD module is not compatible with Eulerian multiphase models
– Bounded 2nd order discretization in time is not compatible with moving and
deforming mesh
• Parallel processing
– These features are currently unavailable in the parallel solver:
→ Discrete transfer radiation model (DTRM)
→ Continuous Fiber Model (CFM) add-on module
→ Data export to non-native formats other than EnSight, FIELDVIEW, Tecplot,
and the generic heat flux data file
• Platform support and drivers

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

– Windows machines using HPMPI are required to be logged onto a network

domain. For shared memory parallel runs on a machine disconnected from
the network, MPICH2 is recommended
– ANSYS FLUENT 13 is not compatible with the job scheduler on HPC Server
2008 with the packaged version of HPMPI. The default MPI (MSMPI) should
be used
– The minimum OS requirements for Linux are SLES 10 or Red Hat Enterprise
5.0
– The path name length to the cpropep.so library (including the lib name) is
limited to 80 characters. (Linux Opteron cluster using Infiniband interconnect
only)
– OS level 5300-07 (maintenance level 7) or higher is required on the IBM AIX
platform
– Visit the User Services Center for the latest Windows graphics FAQ. Version
2.0 or higher of .NET Framework must be installed in order to run ANSYS
FLUENT on the winx64 platform

Please view the FLUENT Product Page on the User Services Center for more
information.
• Solver
– The non-iterative time advancement (NITA) solver is applicable with only a
limited set of models. See the ANSYS FLUENT User's Guide for more details.
– NITA (using fractional time step method) is not compatible with porous media
– The following models are not available for the density-based solvers:
→ Volume-of-fluid (VOF) model
→ Multiphase mixture model
→ Eulerian multiphase model
→ Non-premixed combustion model
→ Premixed combustion model
→ Partially premixed combustion model
→ Composition PDF transport model
→ Soot model
→ Rosseland radiation model

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 7.4. Known Limitations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0

→ Melting/solidification model
→ Enhanced Coherent Flamelet model
→ Inert model: transport of inert species (EGR in IC engines)
→ Dense discrete phase model
→ Shell conduction model
→ Floating operating pressure
→ Spark ignition and auto-ignition models
→ Physical velocity formulation for porous media
→ Selective multigrid (SAMG)
– The following models are not available for the pressure-based solver:
→ Non-reflecting boundary conditions
– The pressure-based coupled solver is not available with the following features:
→ Porous jump boundary condition
→ Fixed velocity
• User-defined functions (UDFs)
– The DEFINE_RW_FILE macro is not supported on the Windows platform
– Interpreted UDFs cannot be used while running in parallel with an Infiniband
interconnect. The compiled UDF approach should be used in this case
• Third-party software
– FLUENT-Platform LSF integration is not supported on the MS Windows plat-
form
– FLUENT-SGE integration is supported only on the AIX 5.3 and Linux platforms
– Wave and GT-Power coupling are available only with stand-alone ANSYS
FLUENT and not in the Workbench environment
– Wave 8.0 does not support IBM platforms
– ANSYS FLUENT 13 uses the CHEMKIN-CFD KINetics library 2.4. This version
no longer supports the hpia64 and linia64 platforms
– GT-Power is supported on the 32- and 64-bit Linux and Windows platforms,
as well as the IBM platform
• Other

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

– The IRIS Image and HPGL hardcopy formats are no longer supported in ANSYS
FLUENT

7.5. Limitations That No Longer Apply in ANSYS FLUENT

13.0
• It is no longer necessary to encapsulate hexcore meshes
• It is now possible to replace zones in the parallel solver
• It is now possible to append case and data files in the parallel solver
• Solar loads can now be computed in the parallel solver
• The discrete ordinates and P-1 radiation models are now compatible with Eulerian-
Eulerian multiphase
• Solid convection can now be modeled using higher order discretization schemes

7.6. Updates Affecting Code Behavior

• The wall treatment for omega in the k-omega turbulence model has been im-
proved to be less sensitive to the near-wall mesh resolution than in previous
FLUENT versions. The previous treatment method can be recovered with the
rpvar setting “(rpsetvar 'kw-wall-omega-treatment-r13? #f )”
• More realistic (non-constant) epsilon and omega fields are now used for initializ-
ation when the turbulence model is changed between k-omega and k-epsilon
to improve convergence at restart
• The use of the PDF and Turbulent Schmidt numbers (Sc) in FLUENT’s partially
premixed combustion model has changed from previous FLUENT releases. The
table below describes the assignment of these variables to the model’s mixture
fraction and reaction progress equations for the current and previous releases.
(CL71141)

Partially Premixed Combustion Model

FLUENT Version Mixture Fraction Reaction Progress
Equations Equation
6.3 and Earlier Releases PDF Sc PDF Sc
12 and 12.1 Turbulent Sc Turbulent Sc
13 PDF Sc Turbulent Sc

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 7.6. Updates Affecting Code Behavior

The PDF Schmidt number is set in the Viscous Model dialog box (default = 0.85)
and the Turbulent Schmidt number is set in the Species Model dialog box (default
= 0.70)
• The Surface-to-surface (S2S) radiation model GUI panel is improved for usability
through more clearly labeled settings and more intuitive organization. Addition-
ally, defaults have been updated to correspond to current best-practices, and
options that are not generally recommended are no longer present in the GUI.
• The default view factor computation method for the surface-to-surface radiation
model has been changed from the hemicube method to the ray tracing method
• The default number of sub-divisions for the hemicube view factor computation
method has been changed from 10 to 5
• The Adaptive view factor computation method has been removed from the GUI
as an option for the Surface-to-surface radiation model
• Least squares smoothing has been removed from the GUI as a view factor calcu-
lation option for the Surface-to-surface radiation model
• The smooth option has been removed from the Surface-to-surface radiation
model
• The default value for the maximum number of radiation iterations for the DTRM
and Surface-to-surface radiation models has been changed from 10 to 5
• The determination of the collision volume for discrete phase particles has been
modified for 2d axi-symmetric cases when the spray collision/coalescence model
is used. (CL71429)
• The calculation of mean NOx production rate has been modified in FLUENT 12
and later versions. (CL68308)
• The two-competing rates devolatization model has been modified to correct a
problem with devolatization at partition boundaries (parallel solver only) (CL71435)
• Solid convection can now be modeled using higher order discretization schemes
(selected in Solution Methods panel). In previous FLUENT versions solid convection
used first order upwind spatial discretization regardless of the discretization
scheme selected. (CL70951)
• The default droplet material profile for vapor pressure has been changed from
constant to piecewise linear. (CL71648)
• The improved wall treatment rpvar default for the VOF model has been
changed from “true” to “false” following the discovery of several cases showing
unphysical results. (CL62137)

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Chapter 7: FLUENT

• Before defining a monitor on an iso-surface that is dependent on solver data

(e.g. velocity, pressure, custom field function etc.) the solution must now be ini-
tialized first or an error will result. (CL72914)
• The cell-based Weighted Sum of Gray Gases model (WSGGM) has been removed
from the GUI. This option is still available in Fluent 13 as a TUI-only feature.
• The boiling temperature and latent heat property inputs were unnecessary when
defining a real gas equation of state with the DPM model and have been removed.
• The method 1 TUI option for target mass flow rate has been removed since the
method 2 option covers all cases. Method 1 is still available as an rpvar controlled
option.
• The Zimont model has been renamed the C-equation model in FLUENT 13.0.
• Improvements have been made to the vortex method for applying turbulence
boundary conditions for Large Eddy Simulations. Results may vary from previous
releases.
• The TUI command Use max cell edge for LES length scale? has
been removed and is now only available via the rpvar des-maxedge?

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Chapter 8: CFX
This section summarizes the new features in ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post Release 13.0.
8.1. New Features and Enhancements
8.2. Incompatibilities

8.1. New Features and Enhancements

New features and enhancements to ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post introduced in Release
13.0 are highlighted in this section.

8.1.1. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench

The operation of ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench is described in ANSYS CFX in ANSYS
Workbench (p. 3).

8.1.2. ANSYS CFX in General

Solids can now be included in porous domains to model conjugate heat transfer
and/or the transfer of Additional Variables.

There is a new six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) Rigid Body feature that enables you
to model a rigid body as a collection of 2D wall boundaries. You can also make an
immersed solid act like a rigid body. In both cases, fluid forces and specified external
forces/torques act on the rigid body. Each approach has its advantages and disadvant-
ages:

• When modeling a rigid body as a collection of wall boundaries, wall boundaries

are sharply resolved, but the mesh must be distorted to follow the boundary
motion.
• When modeling an immersed solid as a rigid body, the mesh undergoes no dis-
tortion but the wall boundaries are not sharply resolved.

ANSYS CFX now works with Remote Solve Manager (RSM).

For this release, ANSYS CFX also introduces the following features:

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Chapter 8: CFX

• Particle Tracking: Particle Source Bounding

• Turbulence Bounded CDS
• Boundary Condition Radial Equilibrium
• Particle Tracking Sommerfeld Virtual Wall
• Soave Redlich Kwong Equation of State
• RIF Extensions in CFX-Pre

8.1.3. ANSYS CFX Documentation

ANSYS CFX documentation now appears in the ANSYS Help Viewer, which makes it
easier for you to find information about other ANSYS products that you can use with
ANSYS CFX.

There have been numerous incremental improvements to the organization and content
of the documentation to improve clarity and usability. In addition there is a new tu-
torial: Modeling a Buoy using the CFX Rigid Body Solver in the CFX Tutorials.

8.1.4. ANSYS CFX-Pre

This section highlights the new features supported in this release of CFX-Pre.

8.1.4.1. Efficient Handling of Large Numbers of Renderable Objects

Algorithmic changes have been made to the way render information for objects, such
as color and shading, is stored and processed by CFX-Pre. These changes have been
shown to give significant speed improvements for model manipulation where large
numbers of objects are visible in the viewer window.

8.1.4.2. Stereo Viewer Capabilities

Stereo Viewing capabilities, previously available only in CFD-Post, are now also
available in CFX-Pre. This allows full stereo-viewing capability for appropriate hardware.
This feature can be enabled from the Viewer branch of the Edit > Options menu.

8.1.4.3. Automatic Domain Interfaces

Several improvements have been made to the way Automatic Domain Interfaces are
created and checked inside CFX-Pre. This includes more robust checking of multiply-
connected domains and problem regions relating to many-to-one connections.

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 8.1.4. ANSYS CFX-Pre

8.1.4.4. Additional ANSYS Element Type Support

The following element types can now also be imported from ANSYS cdb files into
CFX-Pre:

• Element Type 28 (Shear/Twist Panel), KEYOPT (0)

• Element Type 212 (2D 4-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid), KEYOPT
(0)
• Element Type 213 (2D 8-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid), KEYOPT
(0)
• Element Type 215 (3D 8-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid), KEYOPT
(0)
• Element Type 216 (2D 20-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid), KEYOPT
(0)
• Element Type 217 (2D 10-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid), KEYOPT
(0)
• Element Type 233 (2D 8-Node Electromagnetic Solid), KEYOPT (0)
• Element Type 236 (3D 20-Node Electromagnetic Solid), KEYOPT (0)
• Element Type 237 (3D 10-Node Electromagnetic Solid), KEYOPT (0)
• Element Type 241 (2D Hydrostatic Fluid), KEYOPT (0)
• Element Type 242 (3D Hydrostatic Fluid), KEYOPT (0)
• Element Type 285 (3D 4-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid with Nodal Properties),
KEYOPT (0)

To obtain a full list of supported ANSYS element types, type the following at a com-
mand prompt
install_dir/v130/CFX/bin/ImportANSYS.exe -S

8.1.4.5. License Server Checking Improvements

License server checking has been improved, leading to shorter waiting times for
diagnostic messages, particularly when license servers are unavailable.

8.1.4.6. Full User Interface Support for New Solver Models

All new CFX-Solver models in Release 13.0 can be accessed directly from the CFX-Pre
graphical user interface.

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Chapter 8: CFX

8.1.5. ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager

New features and enhancements to the CFX-Solver Manager introduced in Release
13.0 are highlighted in this section.

8.1.5.1. Automatic Display of Electro-Magnetism Plots

Plot lines of related residual quantities for solution of EMAG/MHD calculations (such
as Electric Potential) now appear automatically in the CFX-Solver Manager under the
Electromagnetism tab.

8.1.5.2. License Server Checking Improvements

License server checking has been improved, leading to shorter waiting times for
diagnostic messages, particularly when license servers are unavailable.

8.1.6. ANSYS CFX-Solver

New features and enhancements to the CFX-Solver introduced in Release 13.0 are
highlighted in this section.

8.1.6.1. CFX-Solver
This section highlights the new features supported in this release of the CFX-Solver.

8.1.6.1.1. Turbulence
Support for the individual specification of Turbulent Prandtl and Turbulent Schmidt
numbers has been added. Support has also been added for specifying these as CEL
expressions.

8.1.6.1.2. Particle Tracking

The liquid evaporation model has been extended so that modeling of evaporation
of more than one component of a multi-component particle is supported.

8.1.7. ANSYS CFD-Post

Volume Rendering

Volume Rendering enables you to visualize field variables throughout the entire do-
main by varying the transparency and color of the plot as a function of the variable

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94 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 8.1.7. ANSYS CFD-Post

value. For example, you can make realistic images of smoke and analyze how it
spreads and how it affects visibility.

Chart

You can now position the chart legend on the chart area, in addition to the surround-
ing chart area where the axes are found.

Chart axis numbers can now be formatted in either standard or scientific notation.

Comparisons Mode

The automatic detection of the same mesh is much faster.

You can now tell CFD-Post that meshes are either same or different in the Case
Comparison panel, which can make the comparison mode much faster.

Turbo Postprocessing

Hub-to-Shroud turbo line points can now be distributed based on mesh density.

Table

Table updates are much faster.

Stereo Viewer

Support is added for graphics display on typical stereo hardware.

ANSYS FLUENT Files

Particle tracks can now be exported from ANSYS FLUENT and post-processed in CFD-
Post.

CFD-Post can now read interior face zones from ANSYS FLUENT files. Set this ability
from the Edit > Options > CFD-Post > Files panel.

CFD-Post now performs more accurate interpolation inside concave polyhedra in

ANSYS FLUENT files. This resolves issues with streamlines stopping in the middle of
the domain when hitting a concave polyhedron.

CFD-Post can now perform more accurate (cell based) evaluation of user-defined
variables.

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Chapter 8: CFX

8.2. Incompatibilities
This sections highlights differences in the behavior between Release 12.1 and Release
13.0 of ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post.

8.2.1. CFX-Pre
The following change has been made to CFX-Pre:

• The abbreviation for dram (dm) has been deprecated and now stands for deci-
meter.

8.2.2. CFX-Solver
Below is a list of numerics improvements and other changes made for the CFX-Solver
in Release 13.0. The changes are believed to be generally helpful and should be re-
verted only in the event of a problem.

Convergence behavior changes (that do not affect the converged solution):

• Multiphase flow:
– The density-pressure linearization for compressible multiphase flows has been
modified to improve robustness, but still recovers the same linearization as
single phase flows as the volume fraction approaches 1. Revert by setting
the expert parameter compressible linearisation option = 1.
– A problem with the homogeneous nucleation model of the small droplet
condensation model is now fixed. As well, non-clipped area densities are
used for the condensation rates, which improves conservation in regions of
significant re-evaporation. These changes can be reverted by setting the expert
parameters nes nucleation fix = f and ipmt area density
clip nes = t.
• Miscellaneous:

A minor change has been made to the transient term on rothalpy for compressible
rotating systems. Revert by setting the expert parameter transient com-
pressible rotation option = 2.

Discretization changes (that affect the converged solution):

• Boundary conditions/GGI interfaces:

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96 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 8.2.2. CFX-Solver

– Flux boundary conditions for energy and scalars now evaluate profiles at in-
tegration points rather than face centers. Revert by setting the expert para-
meter use bip flux = f.
– The treatment of gradient extrapolation at boundaries has changed so that
it is now consistent in serial and parallel. Revert by setting the expert para-
meter boundary vertex extrapolation option = 1.
– For moving mesh cases, the numerical details of moving gaps/overlaps at
GGI interfaces have been modified for better conservation properties. Revert
by setting the expert parameter ggi moving mesh option = 2.
– The continuous phase volume fractions used in the Gidaspow and Wen Yu
drag correlation are now clipped to 0.001. Revert by setting the CCL parameter
Minimum Volume Fraction for Correction = 0.0.
– For moving mesh cases with total energy, a problem has been fixed that
caused temperature oscillations at the interface. The moving mesh contribu-
tion to the pressure work term in the total energy equation was accidentally
accounted for twice.
• Multiphase:
– For cavitation with thermal effects modeled, the interfacial temperature is
now assumed to be the liquid temperature rather than the bulk temperature.
Revert by setting the expert parameter cavitation tint liquid =
f.
– The discretization of some non-drag forces (the Favre averaged drag force
and the solids pressure force) has been made more robust. The previous im-
plementation can be recovered by setting the expert parameter vfr
gradient force option = 0.

Reverting the calculation of non-drag forces to the original source term im-
plementation by using the expert parameter settings of vfr gradient
force option = 0 and virtual mass force option = 0 can
improve the accuracy at GGI interfaces, at the expense of overall robustness
and overall accuracy.
• Particle Tracking:
– The discretization of the particle turbulent dispersion has been corrected.
This improves convergence and robustness for particle cases using this option.
It is not possible to revert this change.
– A problem has been fixed in the Sommerfeld collision model which can lead
to slightly different answers.

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Chapter 8: CFX

– In the Elsaesser wall interaction related routines, clipping of model correlations

and weighting factors were introduced to help improve convergence for
cases with evaporating wall particles.
• Miscellaneous:
– A problem has been fixed for FSI cases with non-overlapping faces at the
coupling interface. It is not possible to revert this change.
– Boundary advection on GGI interfaces between solids with solid motion is
now switched off if the materials in the solids are not identical. This can be
reverted by setting the CCL parameter Boundary Advection = On in
the “BOUNDARY CONDITION | SOLID MOTION ADVECTION” sections of the
interface boundaries.
– Updates between coupling iterations and time steps of quantities derived
from solution variables have changed for all transient two-way couplings that
utilize multiple coupling iterations per step. The changes, introduced due to
a defect correction, are most evident in the convergence history rather than
in the actual results. It is not possible to revert this change.
• Parallel
– A bug has been fixed for the calculation of the RMS Courant number used
in the adaptive time step control.

Other changes:

• Turbulence: SST SAS turbulence model

Since Release 12.0 the two model versions, 2005 and 2007, have existed. When
creating a new SST SAS setup in CFX-Pre, the correct default version, 2007, was
used. However, when the parameter Model version was missing in a setup
(for example, a CFX-11 SST-SAS setup or a setup of another turbulence model
switched to SST-SAS by editing the CCL), the previous model version, 2005, was
used in Release 12.0. This has been corrected in Release 13.0 so that the new
model version, 2007, is used.

8.2.3. CFX-Solver Manager

The following changes have been made to CFX-Solver Manager:

• The monitor data generated by the solver is now written to the results file using
8 significant figures by default (previously, the default was 5). This will increase
the size of the monitor data significantly, although for most runs the increase in

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98 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 8.2.4. CFD-Post

size of the results file will be small. To revert the behavior, set the expert para-
meter monitor digits = 5.

In addition, the precision of the monitor data exported from CFX-Solver Manager
(exported by, for example, using the right-mouse button on a specific plot win-
dow, and then selecting Export Plot Data), and the precision of the data extrac-
ted and used by the utility cfx5mondata, has been changed to be consistent
with the above change for the solver (that is, 8 significant figures). Previously
the data was exported using a free format with undefined precision.

8.2.4. CFD-Post
This section describe procedural changes (actions that have to be done differently
in this release to get an outcome available in previous releases) as well as support
changes (functionality that is no longer supported) in 13.0 of CFD-Post.

Procedural Changes

When CFX-Solver Manager is opened from ANSYS Workbench, the Custom Executable
and Arguments fields are no longer present on the Solver Tab of the CFX-Solver
Manager Define Run dialog (although these fields remain available in the Standalone
version of CFX-Solver Manager). You can set those properties via the Solution cell
Properties view (this capability is a Beta feature).

Listing Files from a Transient Simulation

In Release 12.0, the files present in the working directory were checked first and all
the files with same base name were listed in CFD-Post. If the base name of none of
the files matched, CFD-Post listed any appropriate files found in 'autosave/solution-
points'.

In Release 13.0, CFD-Post lists any appropriate files found in 'autosave/solution-points'.

If no appropriate file is found, the working directory is checked and files with same
base name are listed. The new sequence gives higher priority to the files from the
chosen DAT/CDAT file.

Chart Legends

A Release 12.0 chart that has its legend on the inside of the chart area may display
with the legend in a slightly different position in Release in 13.0.

Display of Mean Molecular Weight Values from FLUENT Files

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Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 99
Chapter 8: CFX

In Release 12.0, CFD-Post showed incorrect units for Mean Molecular Weight in results
files exported from FLUENT; for example, a value that should have appeared as 23.1577
kg/kmol would display as 23157.7 kg/kmol. In Release 13.0, the same case will display
a Mean Molecular Weight of 23.1577 kg/mol.

Maximum Temperature Limit of Zero Pressure Polynomials

In Release 12.0, the maximum temperature limit of zero pressure polynomials was
1000 [K] for the CFX-Solver, 3000 [K] in the RULES file, and 5000 [K] for CFX-Pre.

In Release 13.0, maximum temperature limits for zero pressure polynomials are now
consistent in RULES, CFX-Pre, and the CFX-Solver (= 1000 K). Temperature limits for
table generation are set by CFX-Pre: 5000 K for ideal gases, 1000 K for real gases.

Support Changes

There are no support changes in this release.

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100 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 9: POLYFLOW
9.1. Introduction
ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 is the second version of ANSYS POLYFLOW to be integrated
into ANSYS Workbench. In version 12.1, ANSYS POLYFLOW users were able to create
interlinked systems with geometry, meshing, solution setup, solver and postprocessing
inside ANSYS Workbench, using shared licensing and HPC. Blow molding and extru-
sion application-specific versions of ANSYS POLYFLOW were introduced to allow
specific industrial processes to be simulated. With regard to modeling, two new
models were introduced: the volume of fluid (VOF) model for free surface modeling
in a fixed domain; and the discrete ordinates (DO) model for radiation.

In ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0, the ANSYS Workbench integration, licensing, and mod-
eling capabilities have been further enhanced to meet the needs of ANSYS POLYFLOW
users.

Note

ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 is installed under ANSYS Inc\v130\polyflow

on Windows and ansys_inc/v130/polyflow on UNIX/Linux platforms.

ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 is available within ANSYS Workbench for Win-

dows and UNIX/Linux platforms.

9.2. New Features

The new features in ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 are as follows:

• The message handling between the ANSYS POLYFLOW application and the
ANSYS Workbench environment is enhanced:
– Error messages and status updates during setup and solution is displayed in
the ANSYS Workbench Messages window.

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Chapter 9: POLYFLOW

– For transient and evolution problems, ANSYS POLYFLOW displays status

messages in the ANSYS Workbench Messages window during the solver
run.
– The Pause button in ANSYS POLYDATA has been removed, so you can
seamlessly switch between ANSYS POLYDATA and other ANSYS Workbench
applications with shared licensing.
• The licensing capabilities for ANSYS POLYFLOW are enhanced with additional
capabilities:
– ANSYS POLYDATA can use the ANSYS CFD PrepPost license, which allows
you to perform meshing, setup and postprocessing.
– A new license named ANSYS POLYFLOW Solver is available, which can be
used for ANSYS POLYDATA and ANSYS POLYFLOW solver runs only.
– You no longer need to set the order of licensing preferences when using the
blow molding and extrusion application-specific versions of ANSYS POLY-
FLOW.
• The volume of fluid (VOF) model is enhanced to allow the robust computation
of complex 3D flows with viscoelasticity, contact, and non-isothermal effects.
• The internal optimization capabilities are extended such that you can specify all
scalar variables as design variables.
• Rectilinear mold motion with specified forces can be performed for blow molding
and thermoforming simulations.
• A sliding mesh feature is available, which makes it possible to simulate transient
flows with internal moving parts (e.g., single screw extruders, stirring tanks, non-
intermeshing batch mixers).
• Boundary conditions are enhanced for ease of use:
– Wall boundaries with a zero wall velocity can be specified directly in the
boundary conditions menu.
– It is possible to specify an inlet mass flow rate for extrusion problems.
• Mesh and results export and import are enhanced to allow the seamless transfer
of data into and out of ANSYS POLYFLOW:
– HyperMesh meshes can be imported.
– The thickness data field can be exported to ANSYS Mechanical Classic
(Mechanical APDL) as .cdb files using the Mechanical APDL format.
– You can convert shell and 3-D meshes and results to LS-DYNA.

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102 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 9.3. Defect Fixes

• You can use the Remote Solve Manager (RSM) service in ANSYS Workbench to
perform ANSYS POLYFLOW solver computation on other CPUs or a cluster on
your network.
• A graphics toolbar has been added to the Graphics Display window in ANSYS
POLYDATA, in order to allow you to manipulate the view. The buttons in this
toolbar are consistent with other ANSYS components, such as ANSYS Design-
Modeler, ANSYS Mesher, and ANSYS CFD-Post.

9.3. Defect Fixes

The defect fixes in ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 are as follows:

• The licensing layer has been corrected for the blow molding and extrusion ap-
plication-specific versions of ANSYS POLYFLOW.
• The integration rule for 2x2 on tetrahedral meshes has been improved.
• ANSYS POLYDATA has been improved to allow for transient flow rates in a VOF
simulation.
• The vof_sample example has been corrected for Windows.
• The warning for linear velocity has been removed (it is valid with stabilization).
• Force and torque along a moving part can be exported as probe files.
• Various corrections have been applied to the VOF model, including viscoelasticity.
• Pressure stabilization has been corrected for axisymmetric problems.
• Fixed probes can be created for a given geometric location.
• Errors in the temperature field have been corrected for axisymmetric problems
with non-conformal meshes.
• The minimum and maximum values computed for scalar fields have been correc-
ted for ANSYS CFD-Post.
• Corrections have been made to ensure that all fields defined along interfaces
between sub-domains are exported to ANSYS CFD-Post.
• The conversion of evolution tasks has been improved to avoid the failure of VOF
tasks.
• Problems in ANSYS POLYDATA with the interruption criterion on the thickness
field have been corrected.
• The AMF direct + secant solver has been corrected to address the wrong dimen-
sion of an internal table that stops the solver.

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Chapter 9: POLYFLOW

• The loading time of large meshes in the Windows version of ANSYS POLYDATA
has been improved.
• Corrections have been made to ensure the proper importation of GAMBIT
neutral files that contain external PMeshes.
• Improvements have been made so that PMeshes that contain duplicates are
automatically fixed.
• A variety of corrections have been initiated in ANSYS POLYMAN, ANSYS
POLYFUSE, ANSYS POLYSTAT, and ANSYS POLYCURVE, including relative
pathnames, slicing in reverse order, and saving of session files.
• The tracking of integral viscoelastic calculations has been corrected with regard
to revised geometrical tolerance.

9.4. Known Limitations

The known limitations for ANSYS POLYFLOW 13.0 are as follows:

• The Interrupt action in ANSYS Workbench has no effect on an ANSYS POLY-

FLOW solver run.
• You cannot perform any actions that modify an ANSYS POLYFLOW system (e.g.,
saving or closing a project, duplicating an ANSYS POLYFLOW system) while an
ANSYS POLYFLOW tool is open. In some cases, ANSYS Workbench will allow
such an action, but an error is generated.

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104 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 10: Icepak
10.1. Introduction
ANSYS Icepak 13 is a release of ANSYS Icepak that has new features and defect fixes.
New features are listed in the following section of this document. A list of defects
fixed in this release is accessible from our online FLUENT User Services Center
(www.fluentusers.com/icepak/index.htm).

10.2. New and Modified Features in ANSYS Icepak 13

• Graphical User Interface
– The ANSYS viewer will display ANSYS Icepak documentation. See Accessing
Online Help of the User's Guide.
– Material property browsing with bubble help for quick verification of material
properties. See Material Properties of the User's Guide.
– Block object face highlighting to indicate sides with specified properties. See
Display Options of the User's Guide.
– Automatic update orthotropic material properties for move/rotate operations.
See Editing an Existing Material of the User's Guide.
• ECAD Import/Export
– ANF files can now be imported for detailed printed circuit board and package
modeling. See Importing Trace Files of the User's Guide.
– Automatic creation of meshing plates including modifications to the plates
using the Model layers separately option. See Importing Trace Files of the
User's Guide.
– Purge Inactive Objects option in the IDF Import dialog box. See Reading an
IDF File Into ANSYS Icepak of the User's Guide.
• Model Import/Export
– Transient setup of models is now possible using CSV files. This capability en-
ables import/export of all transient parameters including piecewise linear

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Chapter 10: Icepak

property curves using CSV files. See Displaying the Variation of Transient
Parameters with Time of the User's Guide.
– Network objects can now be imported and exported in CSV format. This aids
in the quick editing of complicated networks. See Networks and Networks
of the User's Guide.
– CSV import/export capability has been enhanced to include import/export
of geometric and non-geometric parameters.
• Modeling and meshing
– Zero slack is allowed for non-conformal assemblies. See Non-Conformal
Meshing Procedures for Assemblies of the User's Guide.
– Solar load modeling is available. This capability allows users to automatically
account for heat transfer at all surfaces due to solar loading. See Modeling
Solar Radiation Effects of the User's guide.
– A cluster-based ray tracing radiation model is now available. See Ray Tracing
Radiation Modeling of the User's Guide.
– CAD shapes are now available for grilles, openings, fans and walls. See CAD
Objects of the User's Guide.
– Delphi package characterization is available. This procedure allows users to
automatically extract compact thermal models of packages. See Delphi
Package Characterization of the User's Guide.
– Enhanced heat transfer coefficient boundary conditions are available for block
sides. See User Inputs for the Block Thermal Specification of the User's Guide.
– Heat pipe macro is available. See Heat Pipes of the User's Guide.
– Optimization for package and PCB geometries is available. See Meshing Op-
tions of the User's Guide.
– Anisotropic or isotropic refinement is available for 2D multi-level meshing.
See Meshing Options of the User's Guide.
• Postprocessing and reporting
– Summary report now includes mesh option. This option allows users to report
results on meshed areas of objects. See Summary Reports of the User's Guide.
– Heat Flux Vectors are exported by ANSYS Icepak and can be read by CFD-
Post. See Advanced Solution Control Options of the User's Guide.
• Miscellaneous
– Enhanced material libraries including new heat spreader materials.

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106 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 10.2. New and Modified Features in ANSYS Icepak 13

– New libraries including ALPHA heatsinks.

– Option to include temperature secondary gradients for skewed meshes is
available. This option improves accuracy of the solution to energy equation
for skewed meshes. See Advanced Solution Control Options of the User's
Guide.
– ANSYS Icepak 13 supports both the Fluent FLEXlm and ANSYS FLEXlm license
managers.
– ANSYS Icepak workflow in ANSYS Workbench 13 allows the automatic export
of ANSYS Icepak geometry from Design Modeler to ANSYS Icepak.
– ANSYS Icepak data transfer occurs in ANSYS Workbench 13.0 from ANSYS
Icepak to Mechanical.

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 Release 13.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS,
108 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 11: CFD-Post
This chapter summarizes the new features and incompatibilities in CFD-Post Release
13.0.

11.1. New Features and Enhancements

Volume Rendering

Volume Rendering enables you to visualize field variables throughout the entire do-
main by varying the transparency and color of the plot as a function of the variable
value. For example, you can make realistic images of smoke and analyze how it
spreads and how it affects visibility.

Chart

You can now position the chart legend on the chart area, in addition to the surround-
ing chart area where the axes are found.

Chart axis numbers can now be formatted in either standard or scientific notation.

Comparisons Mode

The automatic detection of the same mesh is much faster.

You can now tell CFD-Post that meshes are either same or different in the Case
Comparison panel, which can make the comparison mode much faster.

Turbo Postprocessing

Hub-to-Shroud turbo line points can now be distributed based on mesh density.

Table

Table updates are much faster.

Stereo Viewer

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Chapter 11: CFD-Post

Support is added for graphics display on typical stereo hardware.

ANSYS FLUENT Files

Particle tracks can now be exported from ANSYS FLUENT and post-processed in CFD-
Post.

CFD-Post can now read interior face zones from ANSYS FLUENT files. Set this ability
from the Edit > Options > CFD-Post > Files panel.

CFD-Post now performs more accurate interpolation inside concave polyhedra in

ANSYS FLUENT files. This resolves issues with streamlines stopping in the middle of
the domain when hitting a concave polyhedron.

CFD-Post can now perform more accurate (cell based) evaluation of user-defined
variables.

11.2. Incompatibilities
This section describe procedural changes (actions that have to be done differently
in this release to get an outcome available in previous releases) as well as support
changes (functionality that is no longer supported) in 13.0 of CFD-Post.

Procedural Changes

When CFX-Solver Manager is opened from ANSYS Workbench, the Custom Executable
and Arguments fields are no longer present on the Solver Tab of the CFX-Solver
Manager Define Run dialog (although these fields remain available in the Standalone
version of CFX-Solver Manager). You can set those properties via the Solution cell
Properties view (this capability is a Beta feature).

Listing Files from a Transient Simulation

In Release 12.0, the files present in the working directory were checked first and all
the files with same base name were listed in CFD-Post. If the base name of none of
the files matched, CFD-Post listed any appropriate files found in 'autosave/solution-
points'.

In Release 13.0, CFD-Post lists any appropriate files found in 'autosave/solution-points'.

If no appropriate file is found, the working directory is checked and files with same
base name are listed. The new sequence gives higher priority to the files from the
chosen DAT/CDAT file.

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110 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 11.2. Incompatibilities

Chart Legends

A Release 12.0 chart that has its legend on the inside of the chart area may display
with the legend in a slightly different position in Release in 13.0.

Display of Mean Molecular Weight Values from FLUENT Files

In Release 12.0, CFD-Post showed incorrect units for Mean Molecular Weight in results
files exported from FLUENT; for example, a value that should have appeared as 23.1577
kg/kmol would display as 23157.7 kg/kmol. In Release 13.0, the same case will display
a Mean Molecular Weight of 23.1577 kg/mol.

Maximum Temperature Limit of Zero Pressure Polynomials

In Release 12.0, the maximum temperature limit of zero pressure polynomials was
1000 [K] for the CFX-Solver, 3000 [K] in the RULES file, and 5000 [K] for CFX-Pre.

In Release 13.0, maximum temperature limits for zero pressure polynomials are now
consistent in RULES, CFX-Pre, and the CFX-Solver (= 1000 K). Temperature limits for
table generation are set by CFX-Pre: 5000 K for ideal gases, 1000 K for real gases.

Support Changes

There are no support changes in this release.

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 Release 13.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS,
112 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 12: AQWA
This release of the AQWA related products contains all capabilities from previous re-
leases plus many new features and enhancements. The following enhancements are
available in release 13.0. Please refer to the product specific documentation for full
details of the new features

12.1. ANSYS AQWA

The Following New Features Provide Extended Capabilities
in ANSYS AQWA:
• Bending stiffness may now be defined for segments of a composite catenary line
when using cable dynamics.
• Non-linear stiffness characteristics may now be defined for segments of a com-
posite catenary line when using cable dynamics.
• Mooring line significant tensions and spectral information at intermediate points
(including the anchor) can now be reported when using cable dynamics.
• A new additional stiffness matrix may now be defined to model external stiffness
effects (such as mooring line) other than hydrostatic. The stiffness matrices may
be associated with connections between a vessel and the ground, or between
multiple vessels.
• Spectral results from dynamic frequency based analyses have been extended to
include:
– Zero crossing period for center of gravity motions response spectrum
– Velocity and acceleration response spectra and zero crossing period for center
of gravity
– Motions, velocity and acceleration response spectra and zero crossing period
for specified nodes
• ISO wind spectrum may now be selected.

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Chapter 12: AQWA

Hydrodynamic Analysis System Enhancements

New Analysis Settings. New Analysis Settings are available to control your Hydro-
dynamic analysis.

New Model Components have been added to the Hydrodynamic Analysis system:

• Connection Points (under Geometry)

• Wind and Current Force Coefficients (under Parts)
• Cables and Connection Stiffness (under Connections)
• Catenary Section, Catenary Buoy and Catenary Clump Weight (Under Catenary
Data)

Result Graphs have been enhanced.

• Hydrodynamic Diffraction Results Graphs. Diffraction, Froude-Krylov, Diffrac-

tion+Froude-Krylov, RAO, Radiation Damping and Added Mass, and Steady Drift
diagrams are easier to insert into the analysis. Newly available are 3-D plots for
QTF graphs, Splitting Forces, and Bending Moment/Shear Force diagrams.
• New Hydrodynamic Time Response Results Graphs (Structure Position, Structure
Velocity, Structure Acceleration, Structure Forces, Cable Forces, and Time Step
Error) are available.

Parameterization
Many of the quantities shown in the Details panel can be parameterized by selecting
the checkbox next to their name. These parameters will then be available to the
Workbench project through the Parameter Set bar for additional post processing.

Reporting
You can click on the Report Preview tab in the main window pane to generate a
summary of all of the objects in your Outline. The Details information for each object
appears as tables in the report. Figures and images appear as specified in the Outline.
Charts that appear in the outline are also included. You have a number of options
available for saving the report.

Hydrodynamic Time Response Analysis System

The new Hydrodynamic Time Response analysis system allows you to apply ocean
environment loading (wind, wave, current) and external boundary conditions (such

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114 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 Ocean Environment and Forces Objects

as moorings) to a structure, and undertake dynamic response analysis in the time

domain.

Ocean Environment and Forces Objects

The following new tree objects are available:

• Structure Force
• Regular Wave
• Irregular Wave
• Current
• Wind
• Cable Winch
• Cable Failure

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116 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 13: ASAS
This release of the ASAS products contains all capabilities from previous releases plus
many new features and enhancements. The following enhancements are available in
release 13.0. Please refer to the product specific documentation for full details of the
new features.

13.1. ANSYS ASAS

The following new features are available in Release 13.0 of ANSYS ASAS:

Splinter can be run connected to the Mechanical application.

13.2. ANSYS BEAMCHECK

The following new features are available in Release 13.0 of ANSYS BEAMCHECK:

BEAMCHECK can be used in the Design Assessment system when Mechanical is used
for the analysis.

13.3. ANSYS FATJACK

FATJACK provides the ability to assess the fatigue life of welded tubular joints. Joints
can be defined with multiple nodes in the typical Y, K, T, X and KT forms, with chord
and brace members automatically determined by default. Stress concentration factors
can be automatically calculated using a number of built in formulas or manually
entered.

When used in conjunction with Mechanical it can be used for deterministic or time
history analysis; when used in conjunction with ASAS it can also be used for spectral
analysis.

The following new features are available in Release 13.0 of ANSYS FATJACK:

• The documentation for the code checking module FATJACK is now available
from the ANSYS on-line help system.

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Chapter 13: ASAS

• FATJACK can be used in the Design Assessment system when Mechanical is used
for the analysis.

13.4. FEMGV
No new features for this release.

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118 Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.