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6 Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive Learning Theory posits that learning occurs through cognitive processes like observing, categorizing, and forming generalizations about the environment. Effective cognitive processes lead to easier learning and long-term memory storage, while ineffective processes can result in learning difficulties. A disruption in natural cognitive processes can cause behavioral problems, and treatment involves changing the disrupted process. The theory analyzes mental processes and how they are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors to bring about learning.

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Faiza Gandapur
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143 views3 pages

6 Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive Learning Theory posits that learning occurs through cognitive processes like observing, categorizing, and forming generalizations about the environment. Effective cognitive processes lead to easier learning and long-term memory storage, while ineffective processes can result in learning difficulties. A disruption in natural cognitive processes can cause behavioral problems, and treatment involves changing the disrupted process. The theory analyzes mental processes and how they are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors to bring about learning.

Uploaded by

Faiza Gandapur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cognitive Learning Theory

The theory has been used to explain mental processes as they are influenced by both intrinsic
and extrinsic factors, which eventually bring about learning in an individual.

Cognitive Learning Theory implies that the different processes concerning learning can be
explained by analyzing the mental processes first. These cognitive processes are: observing,
categorizing, and forming generalizations about our environment. It posits that with effective
cognitive processes, learning is easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a
long time. On the other hand, ineffective cognitive processes result to learning difficulties that
can be seen anytime during the lifetime of an individual. A disruption in these natural cognitive
processes can cause behavioral problems in individuals and the key to treating these problems
lies in changing the disrupted process.

Cognitive learning theory suggests that it is not enough to say that people make responses
because there is an assumed link between a stimulus and a response due to a past history of
reinforcement to the response

A. Social Cognitive Theory

By bandura

Social cognitive theory is a learning theory based on the idea that people learn by observing others.
People learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition acting as primary
factors that influence development in a reciprocal triadic relationship.

In the Social Cognitive Theory, we are considering 3 variables:

 behavioral factors
 environmental factors (extrinsic)
 personal factors (intrinsic)
These 3 variables in Social Cognitive Theory are said to be interrelated with each other, causing learning
to occur. An individual’s personal experience can converge with the behavioral determinants and the
environmental factors.

In the person-environment interaction, human beliefs, ideas and cognitive competencies are modified
by external factors such as a supportive parent, stressful environment or a hot climate. In the person-
behavior interaction, the cognitive processes of a person affect his behavior; likewise, performance of
such behavior can modify the way he thinks. Lastly, the environment-behavior interaction, external
factors can alter the way you display the behavior. Also, your behavior can affect and modify your
environment. This model clearly implies that for effective and positive learning to occur an individual
should have positive personal characteristics, exhibit appropriate behavior and stay in a supportive
environment.

In addition, Social Cognitive Theory states that learner evaluates new experiences by means of analyzing
his past experiences with the same determinants. Learning, therefore, is a result of a thorough
evaluation of the present experience versus the past.

Basic Concepts

Social Cognitive Theory includes several basic concepts that can manifest not only in adults but also in
infants, children and adolescents.

1. Observational Learning
learning from other people by means of observing them is an effective way of gaining knowledge and
altering behavior.
2. Reproduction
the process wherein there is an aim to effectively increase the repeating of a behavior by means of
putting the individual in a comfortable environment with readily accessible materials to motivate him
to retain the new knowledge and behavior learned and practice them.
3. Self-efficacy
the course wherein the learner improves his newly learned knowledge or behavior by putting it into
practice.
4. Emotional coping
good coping mechanisms against stressful environment and negative personal characteristics can lead
to effective learning, especially in adults.
5. Self-regulatory capability
ability to control behavior even within an unfavorable environment.

B. Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Theory describes the role of cognition (knowing) to determining and predicting the
behavioral pattern of an individual. This theory was developed by Aaron Beck.

The Cognitive Behavioral Theory says that individuals tend to form self-concepts that affect the behavior
they display. These concepts can be positive or negative and can be affected by a person’s environment.

The Cognitive Triad

Cognitive Behavioral Theory further explains human behavior and learning using the cognitive triad. This
triad includes negative thoughts about:

1. The self (i.e., I am rubbish)


2. The world/environment (i.e., the world is irrational)
3. The future (i.e., my future is doomed)

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