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Lec 26

The document discusses mixing index and standard deviation calculations for a mixing experiment. Specifically: 1. A silty soil was mixed with 10% tracer material for 3 minutes, after which 12 samples were taken and analyzed for tracer concentration. 2. The mean and standard deviation of the tracer concentrations were calculated to be 10.16% and 0.0104 respectively. 3. Mixing index calculations are discussed for both granular solids and pastes, with equations provided to calculate mixing index based on standard deviation.

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Ghazy alshyal
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241 views3 pages

Lec 26

The document discusses mixing index and standard deviation calculations for a mixing experiment. Specifically: 1. A silty soil was mixed with 10% tracer material for 3 minutes, after which 12 samples were taken and analyzed for tracer concentration. 2. The mean and standard deviation of the tracer concentrations were calculated to be 10.16% and 0.0104 respectively. 3. Mixing index calculations are discussed for both granular solids and pastes, with equations provided to calculate mixing index based on standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Ghazy alshyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit OperatiOn

Ex: A silty soil containing (14%) moisture was mixed in a large


muller mixer with (10% wt) of a tracer consisting of dextrose
and picric acid . After 3min. of mixing 12 random samples were
taken from mix and analyzed colorimetrically for tracer
material . The measured concentrations in the samples were in
weight percent tracer .
10.24 , 9.3 , 7.94 , 10.24 , 11.08 , 10.03 , 11.91 , 9.72 , 9.2 ,
10.76 , 10.97 , 10.55 . Calculate the mixing index (IP) , and the
standard deviation (S) ?
Solution :
For this test
µ=0.1 ,N=12
∑ . . ⋯ .
̅= = = 10.16%

. ( . )( )
=
. ( . ∗ . )

=28.8
The standard deviation from eq. (*) is 0.0104, which is 10.2% of
̅.
Mixing of dry powders
1. Mixing index in blending granular solids (Is)
With granular solids the mixing index is based , not on
conditions at zero mixing , but on the standard deviation that
would be observed with a completely random , fully blended
mixture .

( )
= (1)

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014


Unit OperatiOn
For granular solids , the mixing index (Is) is defined as (σe/S)

( )
= = ∑ ̅)
(2)
(

Where :
Is = mixing index for granular soilds .
= equilibrium value for complete mixing of granular solids .
= true a verage number fraction of tracer particles .

n = number of particles in spot samples .

2. Mixing index at zero time


The equilibrium standard deviation for complete mixing ( ) is
used as a reference with granular solids . With pastes the
reference in the standard deviation at zero mixing . Mixing
index at zero mixing time for granular solids is :

, = = ----------(3)
√

3. Rate of mixing
For short mixing time the rate of change of Is is directly
proportional to ( 1 – Is ) or

= (1 − ) -------------(4)

k = constant

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014


Unit OperatiOn
The equilibrium value of (Is) is 1 ; therefore the driving force for
mixing at any time can be considered to be ( 1 – Is ) .

∫ dt = ∫
,

,
t = ln( )

sub. for , =
√

√
t = ln( ) ------------(5)

Eq.(5) can be used to calculate the time required for any desired
degree of mixing , provided k is known and unblending forces
are not active .

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014

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