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DG Lec 2 F

The document discusses various components and configurations of distribution systems, including: 1. Primary distribution systems can be radial, loop, or network systems and include components like distribution substations, primary feeders, and distribution transformers. 2. Secondary distribution operates at utilization voltages and includes single-service, common-secondary-main, and low-voltage secondary network supply. 3. Load flow analysis is used to model distribution systems and ensure voltage and currents remain within limits, especially with distributed generation and energy storage integrated into the grid.

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محمد إبراهيم
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63 views26 pages

DG Lec 2 F

The document discusses various components and configurations of distribution systems, including: 1. Primary distribution systems can be radial, loop, or network systems and include components like distribution substations, primary feeders, and distribution transformers. 2. Secondary distribution operates at utilization voltages and includes single-service, common-secondary-main, and low-voltage secondary network supply. 3. Load flow analysis is used to model distribution systems and ensure voltage and currents remain within limits, especially with distributed generation and energy storage integrated into the grid.

Uploaded by

محمد إبراهيم
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distribution Systems

Components
(Sub transmission System)
* Distribution Substation
* Primary Feeders
* Distribution Transformers
* Secondary Circuits
Loads (Definition of Power System)
Radial Distribution System
CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS
* Simple radial
* Improved radial
* Parallel or Loop Circuit.
* Network or grid Circuit.
Simple Radial Subtransmission Circuit.
Improved Radial subtransmission systems.
Loop subtransmission system.
Ring Subtransmission system.
Mesh type (Network type) Subtransmission system
Grid/Network type Subtransmission system
Multiple circuits subtransmission system
Comparison between different circuit configurations

12 9/30/2018
Primary distribution, which carries
the load at higher than utilization
voltages from the substation (or other
source) to the point where the voltage
is stepped down to the value at which
the energy is utilized by the
consumer.
Primary feeder schematic diagram showing trunk
or main feeds and laterals or spurs
Primary System

Primary distribution systems include three basic types:

1. Radial systems, including duplicate and throw over


systems

2. Loop systems, including both open and closed loops

3. Primary network systems


Comparison between various types of Primary systems
Secondary distribution, which
includes that part of the system
operating at utilization voltages, up
to the meter at the consumer's
premises.
Single-service secondary supply
Common-secondary-main supply
Low-voltage secondary network
Load flow solution of distribution
system in the presence of distributed
generation and energy storage units
- Voltage at each node (within limits)
- Current via each branch (less than
thermal limit)
- Voltage stability of system

22 9/30/2018
Meshed network or interconnected

Load flow study using Newton


Raphson method
Fast decoupled method
Radial systems
• Forward / Backward Sweep (FBS) Methods
• Backward Forward Sweep (BFS) Method
[Since the large number of load buses and the
high R/X ratios in the AC part of the system
can lead to the divergence of Jacobian matrix
based methods]

24 9/30/2018
Hybrid AC/DC distribution systems
are rapidly growing due to the recent
developments in power electronic
technologies and increasing
deployment of DC output type
distributed generations (DGs) in
distribution voltage levels.

25 9/30/2018
Therefore, load flow calculation
for AC/DC distribution systems in
the presence of different kinds of
DGs is required.

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