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Cam Design

1. Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in machines to generate irregular motion profiles. 2. Cam-follower systems can be classified based on the type of follower motion, joint closure, cam shape, follower shape, motion constraints, and motion program. 3. Key considerations for cam design include minimizing jerk to reduce vibration and noise in the machine. High jerk can excite the natural frequencies of the machine.

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Nauman Khan
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164 views19 pages

Cam Design

1. Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in machines to generate irregular motion profiles. 2. Cam-follower systems can be classified based on the type of follower motion, joint closure, cam shape, follower shape, motion constraints, and motion program. 3. Key considerations for cam design include minimizing jerk to reduce vibration and noise in the machine. High jerk can excite the natural frequencies of the machine.

Uploaded by

Nauman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics of Machines

Introduction
• Cams are mechanical devices which are used to generate curvilinear or irregular
motion of mechanical elements.
• Cam and follower systems are frequently used in all kinds of machines.
• Valves in automobile engine are opened by cams.
• Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion (almost always) or
oscillatory motion to rotary motion (rarely)
• Cams are easier to design to give a specific output function as compared to
linkages, but they are much more difficult and expensive to make than a linkages.
Notation
Notation
Cam Terminology
Cam-follower systems can be classified as

1. Type of follower motion 4. Type of follower


• Translating or rotating • Curved or flat, rolling or sliding

2. Type of joint closure 5. Type of motion constraint


• Force close or form closed. • Critical extreme position (CEP), Critical
Path motion (CPM)

3. Type of cam
• Radial, Cylindrical, Three dimensional. 6. Type of motion Program
• Rise-fall (RF), Rise-fall-dwell (RFD), Rise-
dwell-fall-dwell (RDFD).
1. Type of follower motion
• Figure (a)- an oscillating or
rotating follower
• Figure (b) shows a translating
follower
• These are analogous to the
crank-rocker four bar and the
slider-crank four bar linkages,
respectively
• An effective four bar can be
substituted for the cam-
follower system for any
instantaneous position
2. Type of joint closure
• Forced Closed: Force closure requires an • From Closed: Form closure, closes the joint
external force be applied to the joint in by geometry. No external force is required
order to keep the two links, cam and
follower, physically in contact, this force is
usually provided by a spring
• This force, defined as positive in a direction • There are cam surfaces in this arrangement,
that closes the joint, cannot be allowed to one surface on each side of the follower.
become negative. If it does, the links have Each surface pushes, in its turn, to drive the
lost contact because a force-closed joint follower in both directions
can only push, not pull
Type of CAM
• Radial
• Cylindrical
• Three Dimensional
Type of follower
• Curved or flat, rolling or sliding
3. The Type of followers
• Follower in this context refers only to that part of the follower link that contacts the cam

Roll follower Mushroom Follower Flat-faced follower


Type of follower
• The roller follower has an added advantage of lower friction than the sliding contact of the
other two but can be more expansive
• Flat-faced followers can package smaller than roller followers for some cam designs and
are often favoured for that reason as well as cost for automobile value trains
• Roller followers are most frequently used in production machinery where their ease of
replacement
• Mushroom followers are usually custom designed and manufactured for each application
4. Type of cam
• The direction of the follower’s motion relative to the axis of rotation of the cam
determines it is a radial or axial cam

Radial Cam Axial Cam


Axial cam
5. Type of Motion Constraints
• Critical Extreme Position (CEP) – start and end positions are specified but not the
path between
• Critical Path Motion (CPM) – path or derivative is defined over all or part of the
cam
6.Cam-Follower Based on the Type of
Motion Program
• Dwell – period with no output motion with input motion.
• Rise-Fall (RF) – no dwell
• Rise-Fall-Dwell (RFD) – one dwell
• Rise-Dwell-Fall-Dwell (RDFD) – two dwells
Jerk
• Jerk is the derivative of acceleration    
linear jerk J = R =V = A
angular jerk  =  =  = 
• High value of jerk causes stomach to go funny in roller coaster or elevator starting to
descend
Jerk
• Force is proportional to acceleration
• Rapidly changing acceleration means rapidly changing force
• Rapidly changing forces tend to “jerk” the object about!
• Controlling and minimizing jerk in machine design is often of interest, especially if low
vibration is desired
• Large magnitudes of jerk will tend to excite the natural frequency of vibration of the
machine or structure to which it is attached and causes increased vibration and noise levels
When you see a person
without a smile, Give
them yours.
ZIG ZIGLAR

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