Scribd
Upload
199 views21 pages

Fndamentals of Programming and Aalgo Lecture 3 Notes

The document is a lecture slide deck on custom types in Python. It begins by discussing abstraction and how creating custom types allows programmers to think at a higher level of abstraction. It then provides examples of creating a custom 2D vector type in Python using classes. It demonstrates initializing vectors, defining methods like calculating magnitude, and integrating the custom type more closely with Python using special methods. The slide deck concludes by mentioning adding more examples like linked lists if time allows.

Uploaded by

Bita Moghaddam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
199 views21 pages

Fndamentals of Programming and Aalgo Lecture 3 Notes

The document is a lecture slide deck on custom types in Python. It begins by discussing abstraction and how creating custom types allows programmers to think at a higher level of abstraction. It then provides examples of creating a custom 2D vector type in Python using classes. It demonstrates initializing vectors, defining methods like calculating magnitude, and integrating the custom type more closely with Python using special methods. The slide deck concludes by mentioning adding more examples like linked lists if time allows.

Uploaded by

Bita Moghaddam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

6.

009
Fundamentals of Programming

Lecture 5:
Custom Types

Adam Hartz
[email protected]
6.009: Goals
Our goals involve helping you develop as a programmer, in
multiple aspects:
• Programming: Analyzing problems, developing plans
• Coding: Translating plans into Python
• Debugging: Developing test cases, verifying
correctness, finding and fixing errors
So we will spend time discussing (and practicing!):
• High-level design strategies
• Ways to manage complexity
• Details and “goodies” of Python
• A mental model of Python’s operation
• Testing and debugging strategies

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 2) 20 Mar 2018


The Power of Abstraction
Thinking about complicated systems is complicated.

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 3) 20 Mar 2018


The Power of Abstraction
Thinking about complicated systems is complicated.
Thinking about simpler systems is often simpler.

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 4) 20 Mar 2018


The Power of Abstraction
Thinking about complicated systems is complicated.
Thinking about simpler systems is often simpler.

Framework for thinking about complicated systems:


• Primitives
• Means of Combination
• Means of Abstraction
• Recognizing meaningful Patterns

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 5) 20 Mar 2018


The Power of Abstraction
Thinking about complicated systems is complicated.
Thinking about simpler systems is often simpler.

Framework for thinking about complicated systems:


• Primitives
• Means of Combination
• Means of Abstraction
• Recognizing meaningful Patterns

Example:
• Primitives: +, *, ==, !=, ...
• Combination: if, while, f(g(x)), ...
• Abstraction: def

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 6) 20 Mar 2018


Custom Types très classy!

Python also provides a means of creating custom types:


the class keyword.

Today:
• Extending our notional machine to include classes
• What is self?
• Examples of creating new types and integrating them
into Python

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 7) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
pass

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 8) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
pass

v = Vec2D()

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 9) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
pass

v = Vec2D()

v.x = 3
v.y = 4

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 10) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
pass

v = Vec2D()

v.x = 3
v.y = 4

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 11) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
pass

v = Vec2D()

v.x = 3
v.y = 4

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

print(mag(v))

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 12) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 13) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

v = Vec2D()
v.x = 3
v.y = 4
print(v.x)
print(v.ndims)

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 14) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

v = Vec2D()
v.x = 3
v.y = 4
print(v.x)
print(v.ndims)

print(Vec2D.mag(v))

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 15) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def mag(vec):
return (vec.x**2 + vec.y**2) ** 0.5

v = Vec2D()
v.x = 3
v.y = 4
print(v.x)
print(v.ndims)

print(Vec2D.mag(v))

print(v.mag())

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 16) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def __init__(self, x, y):


self.x = x
self.y = y

def mag(self):
return (self.x**2 + self.y**2) ** 0.5

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 17) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def __init__(self, x, y):


self.x = x
self.y = y

def mag(self):
return (self.x**2 + self.y**2) ** 0.5

v = Vec2D(3, 4)

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 18) 20 Mar 2018


Example: 2-D Vectors

class Vec2D:
ndims = 2

def __init__(self, x, y):


self.x = x
self.y = y

def mag(self):
return (self.x**2 + self.y**2) ** 0.5

v = Vec2D(3, 4)

print(v.mag())

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 19) 20 Mar 2018


Integrating More Closely With Python
Python offers ways to integrate things more tightly into the
language: “magic” methods or “dunder” methods. For
example:
• print(x) is translated implicitly to print(x. str ())
• abs(x) is translated implicitly to x. abs ()
• x + y is translated implicitly to x. add (y)
• x - y is translated implicitly to x. sub (y)
• x[y] is translated implicitly to x. getitem (y)
• x[y] = z is translated implicitly to x. setitem (y, z)

For a full list, see:


https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html, Section 3.3

Let’s add a couple of these to Vec2D and see the effects.

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 20) 20 Mar 2018


The Rest of Today: More Examples
We’ll see how many we have time for...
• Linked List
• Polynomial
• Infinite List
• Memoized Function

6.009 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 5 (slide 21) 20 Mar 2018

You might also like