Data Types, Operators and

Control Statements

By
Dr. R. R. Manza
 Objectives
• Introduction
• Integer Data Types
• Operators
• Flow Control Statements
• Examples
• Summary

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 Introduction
• There are many fundamental data types or classes including user
defined classes, object oriented classes and java classes in the
MATLAB. Each of these is in the form of an array. This array is a
minimum 0-by-0 in size. The two-dimensional versions of these
arrays are called matrices. We can build matrices and arrays of
floating point and integer data, characters and strings, logical true
and false states etc. User defined classed are used to develop our
own data type. The structure and cell array can store the dissimilar
type of data. Following are the data types;

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 Cont..
• Logical • int16 • User defined classes

• char • uint16 and function

• numeric • int32 handle.

• cell • uint32

• single • int64

• double • uint64

• int8 • Structures

• uint8 • java classes

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 Cont..

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 Integer Data Types and their Ranges
• Table : Integer Data Types and their Ranges:

Conversion Description Range of Values

function and
Data Type

int8 Signed 8-bit integer -128 to 127

uint8 Unsigned 8-bit integer 0 to 255
int16 Signed 16-bit integer -215 to 215 - 1
uint16 Unsigned 16-bit integer 0 to 216 - 1
int32 Signed 32-bit integer -231 to 231 - 1
uint32 Unsigned 32-bit integer 0 to 232 - 1

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 Operators
• There are three fundamental types of operators in MATLAB
programming:

1) Relational Operators

2) Logical Operators

3) Arithmetic Operators

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 Cont..
1) Relational Operators:
Operation: MATLAB command:
Strictly less than <
Less than or equal to <=
Strictly greater than >
Greater than or equal to >=
Equal to ==
Not equal to ~=

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 Cont..
2) Logical Operators:
Logical Operator MATLAB command
Logical AND &
Logical OR |
Logical NOT ~

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 Cont..
3) Arithmetic Operators:
Sr. Operator MATLAB Sr. Operator MATLAB
No Comman No Comman
d d
1 Addition 8 Power
+ .^
2 Subtraction
- 9 Transpose
.‘
3 Matrix Multiplication
* 10 Complex Conjugate
Transpose
‘
4 Matrix Right
Division
/ 11 Multiplication
.*
5 Matrix Left Division 12 Division
\ ./
6 Colon Operator 13 Left Division
: \
7 Matrix Power
^
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 Flow Control Statements
• There are eight flow-control statements in MATLAB:
1) if (with else and else if)
2) switch-case
3) while
4) for
5) continue
6) break
7) try….catch
8) return

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 Examples
1) if (with else and else if)
• Syntax • Example
N = input('Give numerator: ');
If (logical condition)
D = input('Give denominator: ');
Commands if D==0
elseif (logical condition) 'Sorry, cannot divide by zero'
commands else
else ratio = N/D
commands disp(ratio);
end end

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 Examples
2) Switch-case
• Syntax • Example
x = ceil(10*rand); % Generate a
switch expression
% random integer in {1, 2, ... , 10}
case value1
commands switch x
case value2 case {1,2}
commands disp('Probability = 20%');
. case {3,4,5}
. disp('Probability = 30%');
. otherwise
otherwise disp('Probability = 50%');
commands
end
end

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 Examples
3) While
• Syntax • Example

while expression
q = pi;
Commands while q >= 0.01
end q = q/2
end
• Output
q
q =0.0061

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 Examples
4) For Loop
• Syntax • Output
x
For index= start: increment: end
Commands x=
end Columns 1 through 8
0 0.5878 0.9511 0.9511
0.5878 0.0000 -0.5878 -0.9511
• Example
for n = 0:10 Columns 9 through 11
x(n+1) = sin(pi*n/5); -0.9511 -0.5878 -0.0000
end

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 Examples
5) Continue
• Example
x=-10;
while x<0
x=x+2;
if x = = -2
continue;
end
end

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 Examples
6) Break
• Example
x=-10;
while x<0
x=x+2;
if x = = -2
break;
end
end

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 Examples
7) Try…Catch
• Syntax • Example
try tryX = A * B
commands catch
catch errmsg = lasterr;
commands if(strfind(errmsg, 'Inner matrix
end dimensions'))
disp('** Wrong dimensions for
matrix multiply')
end

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 Examples
8) Return
• Example
if x == 0
m = 0;
r = 0;
return
end
u = log10(x)/log10(4);
if u < 0
m = floor(u)
else
m = ceil(u);
end
r = x/4^m;
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 Summary
A function handle of MATLAB is used to hold information to be
used in referencing a function. There are three fundamental types of
operators in MATLAB programming: Relational Operators, Logical
Operators, and Arithmetic Operators.

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