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    The Cell Cycle Research Questions

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    Rosselle Noyoal
    The document discusses key aspects of the cell cycle. It provides three important functions of mitosis: 1) ensuring equal transmission of chromosomes to daughter cells, 2) enabling plant growth and repair, and 3) asexual reproduction. It explains that zygote cells skip the G1 and G2 phases due to successive activation of the MPF protein complex. The major cell cycle events are described as DNA replication in interphase followed by chromosome segregation and cytoplasmic division in mitosis to form two daughter cells.

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    The Cell Cycle Research Questions

    Uploaded by

    Rosselle Noyoal
    25 views2 pages
    The document discusses key aspects of the cell cycle. It provides three important functions of mitosis: 1) ensuring equal transmission of chromosomes to daughter cells, 2) enabling plant growth and repair, and 3) asexual reproduction. It explains that zygote cells skip the G1 and G2 phases due to successive activation of the MPF protein complex. The major cell cycle events are described as DNA replication in interphase followed by chromosome segregation and cytoplasmic division in mitosis to form two daughter cells.

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    Cell Cycle

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    The document discusses key aspects of the cell cycle. It provides three important functions of mitosis: 1) ensuring equal transmission of chromosomes to daughter cells, 2) enabling plant growth and repair, and 3) asexual reproduction. It explains that zygote cells skip the G1 and G2 phases due to successive activation of the MPF protein complex. The major cell cycle events are described as DNA replication in interphase followed by chromosome segregation and cytoplasmic division in mitosis to form two daughter cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views2 pages

    The Cell Cycle Research Questions

    Uploaded by

    Rosselle Noyoal
    The document discusses key aspects of the cell cycle. It provides three important functions of mitosis: 1) ensuring equal transmission of chromosomes to daughter cells, 2) enabling plant growth and repair, and 3) asexual reproduction. It explains that zygote cells skip the G1 and G2 phases due to successive activation of the MPF protein complex. The major cell cycle events are described as DNA replication in interphase followed by chromosome segregation and cytoplasmic division in mitosis to form two daughter cells.

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    Exercise # 6

    The Cell Cycle

    Research Questions:

    1. Provide three important functions of mitosis and explain briefly.

    The process of mitosis has several functions that are critical for the development of organisms.
    Mitosis ensures a parent cell transmits one copy of every chromosome to each of its two
    daughter cells. As a result, the number of chromosomes is preserved through successive mitotic
    divisions (Berg, 2007). This in turn enables plants to form new parts such as roots, leaves, and
    stems. Most body cells of plants divide by mitosis. Moreover, plants are able to repair their
    damaged parts through mitosis. Mitosis helps in producing identical copies of cells. Thus, plants
    are capable of repairing damaged tissue and replacing the worn-out cells. Lastly, mitosis is used
    for asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms such as bacteria. Through mitosis, unicellular
    organisms produce an identical copy of the parent cell (e.g. binary fission in amoeba).

    2. Why is that zygote cells specifically skip the G1 and G2 phases?

    In zygote cells, interphase and mitosis alternate subsequently without the intervention of G1 and
    G2 phases due to the successive activation and inactivation of a key protein complex, M phase-
    promoting factor or MPF (Masui and Markert, 1971; Kishimoto, 1988). This protein complex
    consists of a cdc2, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and its regulating protein known as cyclin
    B. Synthesis and degradation of cyclin B significantly affect CDK regulation in zygote cells
    (Arion et al., 1988; Dunphy and Newport, 1988). As a result of the different mechanisms in
    regulating CDKs, variations in cell cycle occur; that is, somatic cells undergo G1 and G2 phases,
    whereas zygote cells skip G1 and G2 phase.

    3. What are significant events in the cell cycle? Explain.

    The major phases in the cell cycle are the replication of DNA in the chromosomes and the
    segregation of copies into two genetically identical daughter cells. The cell grows and DNA
    replicates during interphase. To allow more time for growth, interphase is divided into the first
    gap phase (G1), the synthesis phase (S), and the second gap phase (G2). G1 phase occurs
    between mitosis and S phase, whereas G2 phase occurs between S phase and mitosis. After S
    phase, mitotic phase or M phase occurs. In this stage, chromosomes start to segregate the
    copied DNA resulting in two daughter nuclei. After which, the cell is pinched in two by
    cytoplasmic division to form two daughter cells. This stage of cell division is known as
    cytokinesis.

    References

    Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J. (2002). An Overview of the Cell Cycle. Retrieved from
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26869/
    Arion, D., Meijer, L., Brizuela, L., and Beach, D. (1988). cdc2 is a component of the
    M phase–specific histone H1 kinase: Evidence for identity with MPF. Cell 55, 371–378.

    Berg, L. (2007). Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the Environment, Media
    Edition. Retrieved from:
    https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Introductory_Botany_Plants_People_and_th.h
    tml?id=I71WWH9ZmfsC&redir_esc=y

    Corellou, F., Brownlee, C., Detivaud, L., Kloareg, B., & Bouget, F.-Y. (2001). Cell
    Cycle in the Fucus Zygote Parallels a Somatic Cell Cycle but Displays a Unique Translational
    Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. The Plant Cell, 13(3), 585–598.

    Dunphy, W.G., and Newport, J.W. (1988). Mitosis-inducing factors are present in a
    latent form during interphase in the Xenopus embryo. J. Cell Biol. 106, 2047–2056.

    Kishimoto, T. (1988). Regulation of metaphase by maturation promoting


    factor. Dev. Growth Differ. 30, 105–115.

    Masui, Y., and Markert, C.L. (1971). Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during
    meiotic maturation of frog oocytes. J. Exp. Zool. 177,129–146.

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