LAB PRACTICAL FILE (C++ & SQL)

CHANDAN MISHRA Mrs. APEKSHA JOSHI

 Program Page Date Signa
S.N No. ture
o.

Write a program to input day

1 number of a week and display the
corresponding week day.
write a program to enter two
2 numbers m and n and display m
multiples of n.
Write a program to read a string
3 and print out the Following :
[1].No. of capital alphabets.
[2].No. of small alphabets.
[3].No. of non-alphabets.

write a program to read a string

4 and print it after replacing
each of its capital alphabet by
corresponding small alphabet
and each small alphabet by its
corresponding capital alphabet.

Write a program to store

5 information of 10 employees
and to display of an employee
depending upon the employee
number given by the user using
structure.

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[1]. Write a programme to input day number of a week and display the
corresponding day name.
 SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
clrscr();
int n;
cout<<"Enter The Day Number In The Week\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nThe Day Name Is- ";
switch(n)
{ case 1:{
cout<<"Sonday";
}break;
case 2:{
cout<<"Monday"; }break;
case 3:{
cout<<"Tuesday"; }break;
case 4:{
cout<<"Wednesday"; }break;
case 5:{
cout<<"Thursday"; }break;
case 6:{
cout<<"Friday"; }break;
case 7:{
cout<<"Saturday"; }break;
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
[2]. Write a program to input two numbers m and n and display first m multiples of
n.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
clrscr();
int m,n;
cout<<"Enter The Value Of n \n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter tHE Value Of m \n";
cin>>m;
cout<<"The First m Multiple Of n Are :-\n";
for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)
{ cout<<n<<"*"<<i<<"="<<n*i<<"\n";
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
[3].Write a program to read a string and print out the followi ng:
1)No. Of capital alphabets,
2)No. Of small alphabet s,
3)No. Of non alphabet.
SOURCE CODE

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char string[40];
int cap=0,sml=0,non=0;
cout<<"Enter The String\n";
cin.getline(string,40);
for(int i=0;string[i]!='\0';i++)
{
 if(isupper(string[i]))
{ cap++;
}
if(islower(string[i]))
{ sml++;
}
if(!isalpha(string[i]))
{ non++;
}}
cout<<"\n\nThe Number Of Capital Alphabet Is\n"<<cap;
cout<<"\n\nThe Number Of Small Alphabet Is\n"<<sml;
cout<<"\n\nThe Number Of Non-Alphabet Is\n"<<non;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

[4].Write a program to read a string and print it after replacing each of its capital
alphabets by the corresponding small alphabet and each small alphabet by its
corresponding capital alphabet.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){ clrscr();
char string[30];
cout<<"Enter The String\n";
cin.getline(string,30);
for(int i=0;string[i]!='\0';i++)
{ if(isupper(string[i]))
{ string[i]=tolower(string[i]); }
else if(islower(string[i]))
{ string[i]=toupper(string[i]); }}
cout<<"\n\nThe Updated String Is :-\n"<<string;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

[5]. Write a program to store information of 10 employees and to display of an

employee depending upon the employee number given by the user using structure.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
struct addr{
 int house_no;
char area[20];
char city[20];
};
struct emply{
int emp_no;
char emp_name[20];
char emp_desig[20];
addr adrs;
float salary;
}e[10];
void enter(int s){
for(int i=0;i<s;i++)
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter The Employee Number "<<"\n";
cin>>e[i].emp_no;
cout<<"\nEnter The Employee Name "<<"\n";
gets(e[i].emp_name);
cout<<"\nEnter The Employee Designation "<<"\n";
gets(e[i].emp_desig);
cout<<"\nAddress of Employee "<<":-\n"<<"\n Enter The House Number \n";
cin>>e[i].adrs.house_no;
cout<<"\nEnter The Area \n";
gets(e[i].adrs.area);
cout<<"\nEnter The City \n";
gets(e[i].adrs.city);
cout<<"\nEnter The Salary Of The Employee "<<"\n";
cin>>e[i].salary;
}}
 void show(int a){
cout<<"\nEmployee Number is "<<e[a].emp_no;
cout<<"\nEmployee Name is "<<e[a].emp_name;
cout<<"\nEmployee Designation is "<<e[a].emp_desig;

cout<<"\nAddress of Employee "<<":-\n"<<"The House Number is

"<<e[a].adrs.house_no;
cout<<"\nThe Area is "<<e[a].adrs.area;
cout<<"\nThe City is "<<e[a].adrs.city;
cout<<"\n The Salary Of The Employee is "<<e[a].salary;
}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int n,a;
cout<<"\nEnter The Number Of Employees Of Which You Want To Add Details (max
10)\n";
cin>>a;
enter(a);
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\nEnter The Employee Number Of Which You Want To See Detail\n";
cin>>n;
for(int i=0;i<a;i++)
{ if(n==e[i].emp_no)
{ show(i); }}
getch(); }
OUTPUT
[6]. Write a menu driven program to calculate the TSA and volume of a
cube,cuboid,or
cylinder depending upon user’s choice. (using
Function overloading).
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
float tsa(float l,float b,float h)
{
float ar;
ar=2*(l*b+b*h+l*h);
return ar;
}
float tsa(float a)
{
float ar;
ar=6*(a*a);
return ar;
}
float tsa(float r,float h)
{ float ar;
ar=(2*3.14*r*(r+h));
return ar;
}
float vol(float l,float b,float h)
{ float vl;
vl=l*b*h;
return vl;
}
float vol(float a)
{
return(a*a*a);
}
float vol(float r,float h)
{ float vl;
vl=3.14*(r*r*h);
return vl;
}
void main(){ clrscr();
int n; char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y'){
cout<<"\nEnter Your
Choice:-\n"<<"\t1.Cube\n"<<"\t2.Cuboid\n"<<"\t3.Cylinder\n";
cin>>n;
switch(n)
{ case 1:{ clrscr();
float a;
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tCUBE\nEnter The Side Of The Cube\n";
cin>>a;
cout<<"\nThe Total Surface Area Of Cube Is\n"<<tsa(a);
cout<<"\nThe Volume Of Cube Is\n"<<vol(a);
cout<<"\nWant To Enter Again(y/n)\n";
cin>>ans;
}break;
case 2:{ clrscr();
float l,b,h;
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tCUBOID\nEnter the Length \n";
cin>>l;
cout<<"\nEnter the Breadth \n";
cin>>b;
cout<<"\nEnter the Height \n";
cin>>h;
cout<<"\nThe Total Surface Is\n"<<tsa(l,b,h);
cout<<"\nThe Volume Is\n"<<vol(l,b,h);
cout<<"\nWant To Enter Again(y/n)\n";
cin>>ans;
}break;
case 3:{clrscr();
float r,h;
 cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tCYLINDER\nEnter The Radius\n";
cin>>r;
cout<<"\nEnter The Height\n";
cin>>h;
cout<<"\nThe Total Surface Is\n"<<tsa(r,h);
cout<<"\nThe Volume Is\n"<<vol(r,h);
cout<<"\nWant To Enter Again(y/n)\n";
cin>>ans;
}break;
default:{cout<<"\nYou Have Entered A Wrong Choice...\nWant To Enter
Again(y/n)\n";
cin>>ans; }}}
getch(); }
OUTPUT
[7]. Define a class Outfit in C++ with the
following description
Private: OCode of type string
OType of Type string
OSize of type string
OFabric of type sTring
Price of type f loat
A function InitPrice() which calculates and
Assign the value of OPrice as follows:
For the v alue of OFabric as “ DENIM”
Type Price
TROUSER 1500
JACKET 2500
For the material other than “ DENIM” the above mentioned Price gets reduced by
25%.
Public: A function Input( ) to input the value of the data members OCode, OType,
OSize and OFabric and invoke the function InitPrice() .
A Display function That display the content of all the data members for the Outfit.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class outfit
{
private:
char ocode[20];
char otype[20];
char osize[20];
char ofabric[20];
 float price;
void initprice()
{
if(strcmpi(ofabric,"denim")==0)
{ if(strcmpi(otype,"trouser")==0)
price=1500;
else if(strcmpi(otype,"jacket")==0)
price=2500;
}
else { if(strcmpi(otype,"trouser")==0)
price=1125;
else if(strcmpi(otype,"jacket")==0)
price=1875;
}}
public:
void input(){clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tINPUT\nEnter the Code \n";
gets(ocode);
cout<<"\nEnter the Type (Trouser/jacket)\n";
gets(otype);
cout<<"\nEnter the Size\n";
gets(osize);
cout<<"\nEnter the Fabric (Denim/Any Other)\n";
gets(ofabric);
initprice();
}
void output(){clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tOUTPUT\nThe Code Is\n"<<ocode;
cout<<"\n\nThe Type Is \n"<<otype;
 cout<<"\n\nThe Size Is\n"<<osize;
cout<<"\n\nThe Fabric Is\n"<<ofabric;
cout<<"\n\nThe Price Is\n"<<price;
}};
void main(){
outfit ot;
ot.input();
ot. output();
getch();
}
OUTPUT

[8].Define a class student with the following specifications:

Private members of the class:
Admission Number-An Integer
Name -string of 20 characters
Class -Integer Roll Number-Integer
Public members of the cl ass:
getdata( )-To input the data
 showdata( )-To display the data
Write a program to define an array of 10 object of this
class, input the data in this array and then display this
list .
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class student{
private:
int Admisn_no;
char Name[20];
int Class;
int Roll_no;
public:
void getdata(){
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tINPUT\nEnter The Admission Number Of Student \n";
cin>>Admisn_no;
cout<<"\nEnter The Name Of The Student \n";
gets(Name);
cout<<"\nEnter The Class Of The Student\n";
cin>>Class;
cout<<"\nEnter The Roll Number Of The Student\n";
cin>>Roll_no;
}
void showdata(){
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\tOUTPUT\n The Admission Number Of Student Is
\n"<<Admisn_no;
 cout<<"\n The Name Of The Student Is\n"<<Name;
cout<<"\n The Class Of The Student Is\n"<<Class;
cout<<"\n The Roll Number Of The Student Is\n"<<Roll_no;
}
int adms_no(){ return(Admisn_no);}
};
void main(){
student s[10]; // Array of 10 Objects of Class
int n;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
s[i].getdata();
} clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter Admission Number of Student Of which You Want To See Thje
Detail\n";
cin>>n;
for(int j=0;j<10;j++)
{
if(n==s[j].Admisn_no)
{
s[j].showdata();
}}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
[9]. Create a class PERSON with the following specifications :
Private : Data members : name-character string, ph long.
Public : A constructor that initialize the name as ‘NULL’ and phone number as 0.
 Getdata() – to get all values from the user.
 Putdata() – to display all the data.
A destructor to destruct all the constructor .
Given that Person class above write the declaration of class Spouse and does the
following :
i. It has an extra data member – spousename.
ii. Redefine getdata and Putdaa function.
Now create another class Children that inherits from Spouse and does the following:
i. It has an extra data member – childname.
ii. Redefine getdata and Putdaa function.
Now create objects of all three classes and call Getdata() and Putdata().
Code :
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

class PERSON{
protected: char Name[100];
long int Ph_No;

public:
PERSON() {
strcpy(Name,"NULL");
Ph_No=0; }
void Getdata()
{ cout<<"\n\n"<<"Enter The Person Name : ";
cin>>Name;
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Enter The Phone Number : ";
cin>>Ph_No;
}
void Putdata()
{
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Person Name Is : "<<Name;
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Phone Number Is : "<<Ph_No;
}
~PERSON()
{ cout<<"\n\n"<<"Exit";
getch();
}P1;
class Spouse:public PERSON{
protected:
 char spousename[100];
public:
void Getdata() {
PERSON::Getdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Enter The Spouse Name : ";
cin>>spousename;
}
void Putdata(){
PERSON::Putdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Spouse Name Is : "<<spousename;
}}S1;
class Children:public Spouse{
protected: char childname[100];
public:
void Getdata()
{ Spouse::Getdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Enter The Child Name : ";
cin>>childname;
}

void Putdata()
{ Spouse::Putdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Child Name Is : "<<childname;
} }C1;
void main()
{ clrscr();
P1.Getdata();
S1.Getdata();
C1.Getdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Class Called By Object Of Class PERSON ";
 P1.Putdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Class Called By Object Of Class Spouse ";
S1.Putdata();
cout<<"\n\n"<<"Class Called By Object Of Class Children ";
C1.Putdata();
getch();
}

OUTPUT
[12]. Declare a structure telerec in C++, containing name[20] and telephone number.
Wrtite a program to maintain a file telephone record. the program should allow the
following functions on the file :
1) To append records in the file .
2) Display the name and the telephone number .if the telephone number .If
telephone number does not exixst display error message “record not found”.
3) Display the telephone number9s0 for a given name.If the name does not exixt
then display “record not found”.

SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<stdio.h>

class telephonerec{
 long int tno;
char name[30];
public:
void getdata()
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\n\nEnter The Name : ";
gets(name);
cout<<"\nEnter Telephone Number : ";
cin>>tno; }
void putdata()
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nName :\n";
puts(name);
cout<<"\nTelephone Number :\n ";
cout<<tno<<"\n";
}
void insert();
void searchbyno();
void searchbyname();
long gettellno(){ return tno; }
char *getname(){ return name; }
}s1;
void telephonerec::searchbyname(){
ifstream fin;
char name[100];
cout<<"Enter Name To Be Searched : ";
gets(name);
fin.open("telrec.txt",ios::in);
if(!fin){cout<<"cannt open";exit(1);}
 while(fin.read((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1))){
if(strcmp(name,s1.getname())==0)
s1.putdata();
else
cout<<"\n Record not found";
}
fin.close();
getch();
}
void telephonerec::insert(){
ofstream fout;
fout.open("telrec.txt",ios::app|ios::out);
char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'){
cout<<"\n\t\t\tFILE INPUT\n";
s1.getdata();
fout.write((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1));
cout<<"Record added to file";
cout<<"\n Want to enter more record\n" ;
cin>>ans;
}
fout.close();
getch();
}
void telephonerec::searchbyno()
{ ifstream fin;
fin.open("telrec.txt",ios::in);
long int trnol;
cout<<"Enter Telephone No to be search";
 cin>>trnol;
while(fin.read((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1))){
if(trnol==s1.gettellno())
s1.putdata();
else
cout<<"\n Record not found"; }
fin.close();
getch();
}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int ch;char choice;
do{
cout<<" 1. Insert \n 2. Search By Name \n 3. Search By Number \n 4. Exit\n";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch){
case 1: s1.insert(); break;
case 2: s1.searchbyname(); break;
case 3: s1.searchbyno(); break;
default:cout<<"wrong choice"; exit(1);
} cout<<"\nWant to continue\n"<<endl; cin>>choice; }while(choice=='y');
getch();
}

OUTPUT
[15]. Write a program to perform Linear Search in an
array. ( Using functions).

SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int Lsearch(int a[],int n,int value)
{
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ if(a[i]==value)
{ return i; } }
return(-1);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int ar[20],N,arr_value;
cout<<"\n Enter the size of array(max 20).\n";
cin>>N;
cout<<"\n Enter the array element\n";
for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
{ cin>>ar[i];
}
char ans='y';
 while(ans=='Y'||ans=='y')
{
cout<<"\nEnter Element to be searched..\n";
cin>>arr_value;
if(Lsearch(ar,N,arr_value)==-1)
{ cout<<"\nSorry...\nSearch not found \n";
}
else
{ cout<<"\nSerach found at position "<<Lsearch(ar,N,arr_value)+1<<"\n";
}
cout<<"\n Want to enter again(y/n)..\n";
cin>>ans; }
getch(); }
OUTPUT

[16]. Write a program to perform Binary Search in an

array ( Using funCTION).

SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int Bsearch(int a[],int s,int value)
{
int beg=0,last=(s-1),mid;
while(beg<=last)
{
mid=(beg+last)/2;
if(value==a[mid])
return(mid);
else if(value>a[mid])
beg=mid+1;
else
last=mid-1;
}
return(-1);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int ar[20],n,ar_value,fvalue;
cout<<"\n Enter the size of the array(max 20);\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter the Array element \n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cin>>ar[i]; }
char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n Enter the Element to be searched for..\n";
 cin>>ar_value;
fvalue=Bsearch(ar,n,ar_value);
if(fvalue==-1)
{
cout<<"\n Sorry..Search Not Found\n";
}
else
{ cout<<"\n Search found at position "<<fvalue+1<<"\n";
}
cout<<"\nWant To Search Again(y/n)..\n";
cin>>ans;
} getch(); }
OUTPUT

[17].. Write a program to insert an element at a

ParTicular location in an array.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int pos(int a[],int s,int value)
{
int pos;
if(value<a[0])
pos=0;
else
{ for(int i=0;i<s;i++)
{ if((a[i]<=value)&&(value<a[i+1]))
{ pos=i+1;
break;
}
}
if(i==s-1)
pos=s;
}
return(pos);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int ar[20],ar_value,n,fval;
cout<<"\n Enter the size of the array (max 20)\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter the array element\n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cin>>ar[i]; }
char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n Enter element to be inserted\n";
 cin>>ar_value;
fval=pos(ar,n,ar_value);
for(i=n;i>fval;i--)
{ ar[i]=ar[i-1]; }
ar[fval]=ar_value;
n+=1;
cout<<"\n The updated array is:-\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<ar[i]<<" "<<"\n";
cout<<"\nWant to insert again(y/n)..\n";
cin>>ans;
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT

[18]. Write a pRogram to delete an element from an

Array.
 SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int search(int ar[],int s,int v)
{
for(int i=0;i<s;i++)
{
if(ar[i]==v)
return i;
}
return(-1);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a[20],arr_value,n,index;
cout<<"\nEnter the array size(max 20)\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the array elements\n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
char ans='y';
while(ans=='Y'||ans=='y')
{
cout<<"\n Enter element to be deleted..\n";
cin>>arr_value;
 index=search(a,n,arr_value);

if(index!=-1)
{
for(i=index;i<n;i++)
{ a[i]=a[i+1]; }
n-=1;
cout<<"\nThe array after deleting the element is:-\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cout<<a[i]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n\nWant to delete again(y/n)..\n";
cin>>ans;
}
else
{ cout<<"\n Sorry...No such element found\n Want to enter
again(y/n)..\n";
cin>>ans;
}}
getch(); }
OUTPUT
[19] or [20]. Write a progam to perform Sel eTcion Sort to an
Array.

SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void selsort(int ar[],int s)
{
int sml,pos,tmp;
for(int i=0;i<(s-1);i++)
{ sml=ar[i];
pos=i;
for(int j=i+1;j<s;j++)
{
if(ar[j]<sml)
{ sml=ar[j]; pos=j; }
}
tmp=ar[i];
 ar[i]=ar[pos];
ar[pos]=tmp;
cout<<"\n Array after pass "<<i+1<<" is : ";
for(j=0;j<s;j++)
cout<<ar[j]<<" ";
}
}
int main()
{ clrscr();
int a[20],value,n,fval;
cout<<"\n Enter the size of the array\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter the array element\n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cin>>a[i];
}
selsort(a,n);
cout<<"\n\n The sorted array is :-\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<" "<<a[i]<<" ";
getch();
}

OUTPUT
[21]. Write a program to implement Insertion Sort to an array .
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<limits.h> // for INT_MIN
void Insort(int ar[],int s)
{
int tmp,m;
ar[0]=INT_MIN;
for(int i=1;i<=s;i++)
{ tmp=ar[i];
m=i-1;
while(tmp<ar[m])
{
ar[m+1]=ar[m];
m--;
}
 ar[m+1]=tmp;
cout<<"\n Array after "<<i<<" go is:- ";
for(int j=1;j<=s;j++)
cout<<ar[j]<<" ";
}
}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int a[20],ar_val,n,fval;
cout<<"\n Enter the size of the array (max 20)..\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter the array elements\n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cin>>a[i]; }
Insort(a,n);
cout<<"\n\n The array after Insertion sort is:-\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cout<<a[i]<<" "; }
getch(); }

OUTPUT
[22]. Write a program to merge two arrays which are
In ascending order, to give resultant in ascending/ descending order.
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void Merge(int A[],int m,int B[],int n,int C[])
{ int a,b,c;
for(a=0,b=0,c=0;a<m&&b<n;)
{ if(A[a]<=B[b])
{ C[c++]=A[a++]; }
else C[c++]=B[b++];
}
if(a<m)
{ while(a<m)
C[c++]=A[a++]; }
else
{ while(b<n)
C[c++]=B[b++]; }}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int A[20],B[20],C[20],m,n,mn=0;
cout<<"\nEnter the size of First array (Ascending)..\n";
cin>>m;
cout<<"\nEnter the First array elements\n";
for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
cin>>A[i];
cout<<"\nEnter the size of secod array (Ascending)..\n";
cin>>n;
mn=m+n;
cout<<"\nEnter Second array elements\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>B[i];
Merge(A,m,B,n,C);
cout<<"\n\nThe Merged array (Ascending) is:-\n";
for(i=0;i<mn;i++)
cout<<C[i]<<" ";
cout<<"\n\nThe Merged array (Descending) is:-\n";
for(i=(mn-1);i>=0;i--)
cout<<C[i]<<" ";
getch(); }
OUTPUT
[23]. Write a function in C++ which accepts an integer
Array and its size as arguments/ parameters and exchanges the values of first half
side elements with the second half side elements of the array .

SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int a[],int s)
{ int i,j,tmp,mid;
mid=s/2;
if(s%2==0)
j=mid;
else
j=mid+1;
for(i=0;i<mid;i++,j++)
{ tmp=a[i];
 a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=tmp;
}}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int ar[20],n;
cout<<"\nEnter the size of the array (max 20)..\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the elements of the array..\n";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cin>>ar[i]; }
swap(ar,n);
cout<<"\nThe updated Array is..\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cout<<ar[i]<<" "; }
getch(); }
OUTPUT

[24]. Write a function in C++ which accepts an integer array and its size as
arguments/ parameters and
Assigns the elements in to a two dimensional array of
Integers in the following format :
If the array is1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 If the array is 1,2,3
The resultant 2D array is: The resultant 2D array is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 0
1 2 3 4 0 0 1 0 0
1 2 3 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void Updat(int a[20][20],int s)
{
int A[20][20];
for(int i=0;i<s;i++)
{ for(int j=0;j<s;j++)
{ { if((i+j)>=s)
A[i][j]=0;
else
A[i][j]=a[i][j];
}
a[i][j]=A[i][j];
} }}
void main()
{ clrscr();
int ar[20][20],n,i,j;
cout<<"\nEnter The 2D-Array Size (max 20)..\n";
cin>>n;
 cout<<"\nEnter The 2D-Array Elements (Row wise)...\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{ cin>>ar[i][j]; }
cout<<"\n";
}
Updat(ar,n);
cout<<"\nThe Updated Array Is :-\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{ cout<<" ";
cout<<ar[i][j]<<" ";
} cout<<"\n";
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
 [25]. Write a menu driven program which allows the user to perform the
following operations on a stack( Array implementation ) :
1)Push 2)Pop 3) Display

Source code
/* Operations On Array stack */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
int Pop(int [],int&);
int Push(int [],int&,int);
void Display(int [],int);
const int size=50;
void main()
{
clrscr();
int stack[size],no,top=-1,res;
char ch='y';
int n;
while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter your choice :-\n [1]. Push()\n [2]. Pop()\n [3]. Display()\n [4].
Exit()";
cin>>n;
switch(n){
case 1:{ char ans='y';
 while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n\t\tPush()\nEnter item for insertion :";
cin>>no;
res=Push(stack,top,no);
if(res==-1)
{ cout<<"\nOverflow!!! Programme closing";
exit(0); }
cout<<"\nThe stack now is\n";
Display(stack,top);
cout<<"\nWant to Push more... ";
cin>>ans;
}
}break;
case 2:{ char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n\t\tPop()\nDeletion of elements..";
res=Pop(stack,top);
if(res==-1)
{ cout<<"Underflow!!! Programme closing..";
exit(0); }
else { cout<<"\n Element deleted is:"<<res<<endl; }
cout<<"\nThe stack now is\n";
Display(stack,top);
cout<<"\n Want To Pop More";
cin>>ans;
}
}break;
 case 3:{ cout<<"\nThe elements of Stack are\n";
Display(stack,top);
cout<<"\n Want To go back";
cin>>ch;
}break;
case 4:{ exit(0); }break;
default : { cout<<"\n You have entered a wrong choice..want to enter
again.";
cin>>ch; }break;
}
getch();
}
}
int Push(int stack[],int&top,int ele)
{
if(top==size-1) return(-1);
else { top++;
stack[top]=ele;
}
return(0);
}
int Pop(int stack[],int&top)
{ int ret;
if(top==-1) return(-1);
else { ret=stack[top];
top--;
}
return(ret);
}
void Display(int stack[],int top)
{ if(top==-1) return;
cout<<stack[top]<<"<--"<<endl;
for(int i=top-1;i>=0;i--)
cout<<stack[i]<<endl;
}

Output
[26]. Write a menu driven program which allows the user to perform the following
operations on a queue ( Array implementation) :
1)Insert
2)Delete
3)Display

Source code
/* Operations On Array stack */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<process.h>
int Delete(int []);
int Insert(int [],int);
void Display(int [],int,int);
const int size=50;
int queue[size],front=-1,rear=-1;
void main()
{
clrscr();
int no,res;
 char ch='y';
int n;
while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter your choice :-\n [1]. Insert()\n [2]. Delete()\n [3]. Display()\n
[4]. Exit()\n";
cin>>n;
switch(n){
case 1:{ char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n\t\tInsert()\nEnter item for insertion :\n";
cin>>no;
res=Insert(queue,no);
if(res==-1)
{ cout<<"\nOverflow!!! Programme closing";
exit(0); }
cout<<"\nNow the queue (front to rear) is :\n";
Display(queue,front,rear);
cout<<"Want to insert more... ";
cin>>ans;
}
}break;
case 2:{ char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\n\t\tDelete()\nDeletion of elements..";
res=Delete(queue);
if(res==-1)
{ cout<<"Underflow!!! Programme closing..";
 exit(0); }
else { cout<<"\n Element deleted is:"<<res<<endl; }
cout<<"\nThe queue now is (front to rear)\n";
Display(queue,front,rear);
cout<<"\n Want To Delete More";
cin>>ans; }
}break;
case 3:{ cout<<"\nThe elements of Queue are(front to rear) \n";
Display(queue,front,rear);
cout<<"\n Want To go back";
cin>>ch;
}break;
case 4:{ exit(0); }break;
default : { cout<<"\n You have entered a wrong choice..want to enter
again.";
cin>>ch; }break;
}
getch();
}
}
int Insert(int queue[],int ele)
{
if(rear==size-1) return(-1);
else if(rear==-1)
{ front=rear=0;
queue[rear]=ele; }
else{ rear++;
queue[rear]=ele; }
return(0);
}
int Delete(int queue[])
{ int ret;
if(front==-1) return(-1);
else { ret=queue[front];
if(front==rear) front=rear=-1;
else front++; }
return(ret);
}
void Display(int queue[],int front,int rear)
{ if(front==-1) return;
for(int i=front;i<rear;i++)
cout<<queue[i]<<"<-\n";
cout<<queue[rear]<<endl;
}

Output
[27]. Source code
/* Operations On linked stack */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
struct node{ int info;
node*next;
}*top,*newptr,*save,*ptr;
 node*new_node(int);
void Pop();
void Push(node*);
void Display(node*);
void main()
{
clrscr();
top=NULL;
int inf;
char ch='y';
int n;
while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter your choice :-\n [1]. Push()\n [2]. Pop()\n [3]. Display()\n [4].
Exit()";
cin>>n;
switch(n){
case 1:{ char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\nEnter information for new node :";
cin>>inf;
newptr=new_node(inf);
if(newptr==NULL)
{ cout<<"\nCan't create new node!!! Programme closing";
exit(0); }
Push(newptr);
cout<<"\nWant to enter new node ... ";
cin>>ans;
}
 }break;
case 2:{ char ans='y';
do{
cout<<"\nThe stack now is:\n";
Display(top); system("pause");
cout<<"\n Want To Pop an element(y/n)";
cin>>ans;
if(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')Pop();
}while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');
}break;
case 3:{ cout<<"\nThe elements of Stack are\n";
Display(top);
cout<<"\n Want To go back";
cin>>ch;
}break;
case 4:{ exit(0); }break;
default : { cout<<"\n You have entered a wrong choice..want to enter
again.";
cin>>ch; }break;
}
getch();
}
}
node*new_node(int n){
ptr=new node;
ptr->info=n;
ptr->next=NULL;
return(ptr);
}
void Push(node*np)
{
if(top==NULL) top=np;
else { save=top; top=np;
np->next=save;
}
}
void Pop()
{
if(top==NULL) cout<<"Underflow!!!\n";
else{ ptr=top; top=top->next;
delete ptr; }
}
void Display(node*np)
{ while(np!=NULL) {
cout<<np->info<<" -> ";
np=np->next;
} cout<<"!!\n";
}
Output
[28].
Source code
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
struct node{ int info;
node*next;
}*frnt,*newptr,*save,*ptr,*rar;
 node*new_node(int);
void Insert(node*);
void Delnode();
void Display(node*);
void main()
{
clrscr();
frnt=rar=NULL;
int inf;
char ch='y';
int n;
while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter your choice :-\n [1]. Insret()\n [2]. Delete()\n [3]. Display()\n
[4]. Exit()";
cin>>n;
switch(n){
case 1:{ cout<<"\n\t\tInsert()";
char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\nEnter information for new node :";
cin>>inf;
newptr=new_node(inf);
if(newptr==NULL)
{ cout<<"\nCan't create new node!!! Programme closing";
exit(0); }
Insert(newptr);
cout<<"\nWant to enter new node ... ";
cin>>ans;
 }
}break;
case 2:{ cout<<"\n\t\tDelete()"; char ans='y';
do{
cout<<"\nThe linked queue now is:\n";
Display(frnt);
cout<<"\n Want To delete node(y/n)";
cin>>ans;
if(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')Delnode();
}while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');
}break;
case 3:{ cout<<"\nThe elements of Linked queue are\n";
Display(frnt);
cout<<"\n Want To go back";
cin>>ch;
}break;
case 4:{ exit(0); }break;
default : { cout<<"\n You have entered a wrong choice..want to enter
again.";
cin>>ch; }break;
}
getch();
}
}
node*new_node(int n){
ptr=new node;
ptr->info=n;
ptr->next=NULL;
return(ptr);
}
void Insert(node*np)
{
if(frnt==NULL) { frnt=rar=np; }
else {
rar->next=np; rar=np;
}
}
void Delnode()
{
if(frnt==NULL) cout<<"Underflow!!!\n";
else{ ptr=frnt; frnt=frnt->next;
delete ptr; }
}
void Display(node*np)
{ while(np!=NULL) {
cout<<np->info<<" -> ";
np=np->next;
} cout<<"!!\n";
}
Output
[30]. Source code
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<process.h>
int Delete(int cque[]);
int Insert(int [],int);
void Display(int [],int,int);
const int size=7;
int cque[size],front=-1,rear=-1;
 void main()
{
clrscr();
int no,res;
char ch='y';
int n;
while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{ clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter your choice :-\n [1]. Insert()\n [2]. Delete()\n [3]. Display()\n
[4]. Exit()\n";
cin>>n;
switch(n){
case 1:{ char ans='y';
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
{
cout<<"\nEnter item for insertion :\n";
cin>>no;
res=Insert(cque,no);
if(res==-1)
{ cout<<"\nOverflow!!! Programme closing";
exit(0); }
Display(cque,front,rear);
cout<<"Want to insert more... ";
cin>>ans;
}
}break;
case 2:{
cout<<"\n\t\tDelete()";
no=Delete(cque);
cout<<"\n Element deleted is:"<<no<<endl;
 Display(cque,front,rear);
system("pause");
}break;
case 3:{ cout<<"\nThe elements of Circular Queue are(front to rear)
\n";
Display(cque,front,rear);
cout<<"\n Want To go back";
cin>>ch;
}break;
case 4:{ exit(0); }break;
default : { cout<<"\n You have entered a wrong choice..want to enter
again.";
cin>>ch; }break;
}
getch();
}
}
int Insert(int cque[],int ele)
{
if(((front==0)&&(rear==size-1))||(front==rear+1)) return(-1);
else if(rear==-1) front=rear=0;
else if(rear==size-1) rear=0;
else rear++;
cque[rear]=ele;
return(0);
}
int Delete(int cque[])
{ int ret;
if(front==-1) return(-1);
else { ret=cque[front];
 if(front==rear) front=rear=-1;
else if(front==size-1)
front=0;
else front++;
}
return(ret);
}
void Display(int cque[],int front,int rear)
{ int i=0;
cout<<"\nCircular queue is\n"<<"(front shown as>>>,rear as <<< and free space
as-)\n";
if(front==-1) return;
if(rear>=front)
{ for(i=0;i<front;i++) cout<<"-";
cout<<">>>";
for(int i=front;i<rear;i++)
cout<<cque[i]<<"<-";
cout<<cque[rear]<<"<<<"<<endl;
}
else{ for(i=0;i<rear;i++) cout<<cque[i]<<" <- ";
cout<<cque[rear]<<"<<<";
for(;i<front;i++) cout<<"-";
cout<<">>>";
for(i=front;i<size;i++) cout<<cque[i]<<" <- ";
cout<<"\t...wrap around...";
}
}
Output