0% found this document useful (0 votes)
102 views20 pages

Unit I Ordinary Differential Equations Part - A: Problem 1 Solution

The document contains solutions to 11 problems involving ordinary differential equations. Problem 1 solves an equation with characteristic equation m^2 - m + 1 = 0. Problem 2 finds the particular integral of an equation of the form (D^2 + a^2)y = bcos(ax) + csin(ax). Problem 3 finds the particular integral of (D^2 - D + 1)y = e^-x cos(x).

Uploaded by

dhinesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
102 views20 pages

Unit I Ordinary Differential Equations Part - A: Problem 1 Solution

The document contains solutions to 11 problems involving ordinary differential equations. Problem 1 solves an equation with characteristic equation m^2 - m + 1 = 0. Problem 2 finds the particular integral of an equation of the form (D^2 + a^2)y = bcos(ax) + csin(ax). Problem 3 finds the particular integral of (D^2 - D + 1)y = e^-x cos(x).

Uploaded by

dhinesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

www.vidyarthiplus.

com

UNIT I ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Part – A

Problem 1 Solve the equation  D 2  D  1 y  0


Solution:
1  1  4 1  3i
The A.E is m2  m  1  0  m    .
2 2
1  3i 1 3
m and   ;  
2 2 2
G.S : y  e  A cos  x  B sin  x 
x

 3x 
1
x 3x
G.S : y e 2
A cos B sin where A, B are arbitrary constants.

   
 2 2

Problem 2 Find the particular integral of  D 2  a 2  y  b cos ax  c sin ax.
Solution:
Given  D 2  a 2  y  b cos ax  c sin ax.
1 1
P.I  b cos ax  c. 2 sin ax.
D a
2 2
D  a2
bx sin ax cx cos ax
 
2a 2a
x
 b sin ax  c cos ax .
2a

Problem 3 Find the particular integral of  D  1 y  e  x cos x .


2

Solution:

1
P.I  e  x cos x
 D  1
2

e x
 cos x
 D 1  1
2

1
 e x cos x
D2
1
 e  x sin x
D
 e cos x.
x

2
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

Problem 4 Find the particular integral of  D 2  4  y  x 4 .


Solution:

1 4 
P.I  x
D2  4 

1
 x4
 D 2  
4  1  
 4 
1
1  D 2  4
 1   x
4  4 
1  D 2 D4  4
 1   x
4  4 16 
1 4.3x2 4.3.2.1 
 x 4   
4  4 16 
1 3
 x 4  3x 2   .
4  2 

Problem 5 Solve  D 2  6D  9  y  e2 x x3 .
Solution:
The A.E is m 2  6m  9  0
  m  3  0
2

m  3, 3
C.F:  A  Bx  e 3 x

1
 e 2 x x 3
 D  3
2

e 2 x
 x3
 D  2  3
2

e 2 x
x 3  e 2 x 1  D  x 3
2

1  D 
2

P.I  e 2 x 1  2D  3D 2  4D 3  x 3

  
 e 2 x x 3  2 3x 2  3  3.2x   4  3.2.1 
 e 2 x  x 3  6x 2  18x  24 
G.S. y   A  Bx  e 3 x   x3  6x 2  18x  24  e 2 x .

3
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations


Problem 6 Solve  D 2  2D 1 y  x 

Solution: 
2  4  4
The A.E is m 2  2m  1  0  m   y
2
 m  1  2
 1 2  x  1 2  x
C.F: Ae   Be   Ae  x e 2x
 Be  x e  2x

1
P.I  2 x

D  2D 1 
1
 x


 1  2D  D 2 
1


  1  2D  D 2  x
  
P.I   1  2D  D x   x  2
2

G.S: y  e  x Ae  2x

 Be  2 x   x  2  .

Problem 7 Find the particular integral  D 2  4D  5  y  e2 x cos x


Solution:
1
P.I  e 2 x cos x
D  4D  5
2


1

e 2 x cos x 
 D  2  1
2


1
 e 2 x cos x
 D  2  2 1
2

1
 e 2 x cos x
D 1
2

xe 2 x
P.I  sin x.
2

Problem 8 Solve for x from the equations x  y  t and x  y  1 .


Solution:
x  y  t  (1)  x   y  1  x   1  y
x  y  1  (2)  x  x  1  1
Thus x   x  2 (or)  D 2  1 x  2
m2  1  0  m   i
C.F. A cos t  B sin t

4
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

 2   D2  1
1 1
P.I   2  2
D 2
 1
G.S: x  A cos t  B sin t  2.

Problem 9 Solve D3  3D 2  6D  y  x .
8
Solution:
The A.E is m3  3m 2  6m  8  0
 m 1  m  2   m  4   0
m  1,  2, 4
C.F is C1e x  C2 e 2 x  C3e 4 x
1
P.I  3 x
D  3D 2  6D  8
1
 x

  D  3D 2  6D 
3
8 1   
 8 
 
1
1  D 3  3D 2  6D 
 1   x
8  8 
1   D 3  3D 2  6D  
 1     .. x
8   8  
1 6 1  3
 x  x .
8 8 8 4
Complete solution is y  C.F  P.I
1 3
y  C1 e x  C2 e 2 x  C3 e 4 x  x .
8 4

Problem 10 Solve the equation D 2  4D  13 y  e 2 x


Solution:
Given D 2  4D  13 y  e 2 x
The A.E is m2  4m  13  0
4  16  52
m
2
4  36

2
4  6i
  2  3i
2
C.F y  e 2 x  A cos 3x  B sin 3x 



5
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1
P.I.  e2 x
D  4D  13
2

1 1
 e2 x  e2 x
4  8  13 9
G.S: y  C.F  P.I
e2 x
y  e 2 x  A cos 3x  B sin 3x   .
9

Problem 11 Solve the equation  D5  D  y  12e x


Solution:
Given  D5  D  y  12e x
The A.E is m5  m  0
m  m 4 1  0
m4 1  0
m  0  or  m 4 1  0
m 2
1 m 2  1  0
m  0, m  1, m  i
 C.F  C1 e 0 x  C2 e x  C3 e x  C4 cos x  C5 sin x 

1
P.I  12e x
D D 5

1
 12e x  Replacing D by 1
1 1
x

 4 12e x  Replacing D by 1
5D  1
x x
 12e x  12e x  3xe x
5 1 4
G.S. y  C.F  P.I
 C1  C2 ex  C3e  x  C4 cos x  C5 sin x   3xex .

Problem 12 Solve the equation  D 2  5D  6  y  e 7 x sinh 3x


Solution:
The A.E is m5  5m  6  0
 m  2   m  3  0
m  2, 3
C.F. is C1 e 2 x  C 2 e 3 x
1
P.I  2 e 7 x sinh 3x
D  5D  6

6
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

7 x  e  e 3 x 
3x
1
 e  
D 2  5D  6  2 
1  
e 4 x  2
1 1
 e 10 x 
2  D  5D  6
2
D  5D  6 
1  e 4 x
e 10 x
 
   
2 16  20  6 10  50  6 
1  e 4 x e 10 x 
  
2 2 34  

4 x
e e 10 x
G.S. y  C1e 2 x  C2 e 3 x   .
4 68

Problem 13 Solve the equation  D3  3D 2  4D  2  y  e x


Solution:
Given m3  3m2  4m  2  0
 m 1  m 2  2m  2   0
m  1 (or ) m  1  i
Complementary function  Ae x  e x  B cos x  C sin x 

1
P.I  ex
D  3D 2  4D  2
3

1
 3 ex  Replacing D by 1
1  3 1  4 1  2
2


1 1
 ex  ex
1 3  4  2 0
x
 2 ex
3D  6D  4
1
 e x  Replacing D by 1
3 6 4

  xe x
G.S: y  C.F.  P.I
 Ae x  e x  B cos x  C sin x   xe x .

d2 y dy
Problem 14 Solve the equation 2
 4  4 y  e 2 x
dx dx
Solution:
Given  D 2  4D  4  y  e 2 x
The A.E is m 2  4m  4  0
 m2  2   m  2   0
7
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

m  2, 2
C.F.:  Ax  B  e 2 x

1
P.I  e 2 x
D  4D  4
2

 Replacing D by - 2 
1
 e 2 x
 2   4  2   4
2

1
 e 2 x  Dr is 0 
48 4
x
 e 2 x  Replacing D by -2 
2D  4
x
 e 2 x
2  2   4
x 2 2 x
 e  Dr is 0 
2 
x 2 2 x
G.S is y   Ax  B  e 2 x  e .
2

Problem 15 Solve the equation  D 2  2D  1 y  e x  3


Solution:
Given  D 2  2D  1 y  e x  3
The A.E is m 2  2m  1  0
 m  1  m  1  0
m  1, 1
C.F.:  Ax  B  e x
P.I = P.I1  P.I 2
1
P.I1  2 e x
D  2D  1
1
 e x  Replacing D by -1
 1  2  1  1
2

1
 e x
1 2 1
x
 e  x  Dr is 0 
2D  2

x
 e  x  Replacing D by -1
2  1  2
1
PI 2  2 3e0 x
D  2D  1



8
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1
 3e0 x  Replacing D by 0 
 0  2 0  1
2

 x2 x
G.S is y   Ax  B  e x  e  3.
2

Part-B

Problem 1 Solve  D 2  2D  8  y  4 cosh x sinh 3x   e2 x  e x   1.


2

Solution:
The A.E. is  m2  2m  8   0
  m  4  m  2  0
 m  2, 4
C.F.: Ae 2 x  Be 4 x
 
2
R.H.S  4 cosh x sin 3x  e 2 x  e x 1
 

 e x  e  x   e3 x  e 3 x 
 
2
 4     e e
2x x
1
 2   2 
   e 4 x  e 2 x  e 2 x  e 4 x   e 4 x  2e3 x  e 2 x  1
 e 2 x  e 4 x  2e 3 x  1e 0 x
P.I. 
1
 D  4   D  2 

e 2 x   1
 D  4   D  2 

e 4 x  2e3 x  e0 x 
1 e 4 x 2e 3 x 1
 e 2 x   
 2  4   D  2  8   2   1  5  4   2 
 xe 2 x e 4 x 2e3 x 1
   
6 16 5 8
2 x
xe e 4 x 2e3 x 1
G.S is y  Ae 2 x  Be 4 x     .
6 16 5 8

Problem 2 Solve y   y  sin 2 x  cos x cos 2 x cos 3x


Solution:
The A.E is m 2  1  0  m 2  1  m   i

C.F.: A cos x  B sin x 
cos x  2 cos 2 x cos 3x  cos x
R.H.S   cos 5x  cos x 
2 2
 2 cos x cos 5x  2 cos 2 x
1
4 




9
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations


cos 6 x  cos 4 x  1  cos 2 x 
1
 
4 
 2 cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
 A  3x, B  2 x
 1 
P.I.  sin 2 x  cos x cos 2 x cos 3x
 D 12
 
 e0 x cos 2x cos 6x cos 4 x cos 2 x e0 x 
1
      
D 2  1 2 2 4 4 4 4 
1 cos 2 x cos 6 x cos 4 x cos 2 x 1
     
2  4  1 2
4  36  1 4  16 1 4  4  1 4
3 cos 2 x cos 6 x cos 4 x cos 6x 3
      .
4 6 140 60 140 4
cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x 3
G.S. is y  A cos x  B sin x     .
12 60 140 4

d2 x
Problem 3 Solve  10x  cos 8 y.
dy 2
Solution:
Here y is independent and x is dependent variable
d
Let D  .
dy
The A.E is m 2  10  0
 m 2  10
 m   10i
C.F.: A cos 10 y  B sin 10 y
 cos 8 y  cos 8 y
P.I  2
1
cos 8 y  
 D  10  64  10 54
cos 8 y
G.S. is x  A cos 10 y  B sin 10 y 
54

d 2y dy
Problem 4 Solve 2
 6  9 y  sin x cos 2x .
dx dx
Solution:
The A.E is m 2  6m  9  0
 m  3 0
2

m  3,  3.
C.F.:  A  Bx  e 3 x

 sin 3x  sin   x 
2 sin x cos 2x 1
R.H.S 
2 2
10
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations


sin 3x  sin x 
1
 
2 
2 sin A cos B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B  A  x, B  2 x

1 1 1 1
P.I.  2 sin 3x 
sin x
2  D  3 2  D  32
1 1 1 1
 sin 3x  sin x
2 D  6D  9
2
2 D  6D  9
2

sin 3x  
1 1 1 1
P.I.   sin x
2 9  6D  9 2 1  6D  9
1 1 1 1
  sin 3x   sin x
12 D 2 8  6D
 cos 3x   4  3D  sin x
 
12  3 4  4  3D   4  3D 
1 1 1
 cos 3x   4 sin x  3 cos x 
36 4 16  9D 2
1 1 4 sin x  3 cos x
 cos 3x  
36 4 16  9
 cos 3x sin x 3 cos x
  
36 25 100

Problem 5 Solve  D 2  4  y  x 4  cos2 x


Solution:
The A.E. is m2  4  0
m  2i
C.F.: A cos 2 x  B sin 2 x
 1  1  1  cos 2 x 
P.I  2 x4  2  
 D 4 D  4  2 
1 1 1 1 1 1
 x4  e0 x  cos 2x
4  D  2

 1   
2 D 4
2
 
2 D2  4
 4 

 x sin 2 x 
1
1   D 2  4

1
  1   x 
4  4  2  4  2  2   2 
1  D 2  D 4  4 1  x sin 2 x
 1   x  
4  4 16  8 8
x 4 12 x 2 4.3.2.1 1 x sin 2 x
    
4 16 64 8 8

11
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

4 3x 2 x 4 x sin 2 x
G.S. is y  A cos 2 x  B sin 2 x    
8 4 4 8

Problem 6 Solve  D 2  2D  1 y   x  e x   cos 2x cosh x .


2

Solution:
The A.E is m 2  2m  1  0
2  4  4
m  1  2
2
C.F.: Ae    Be
1 2 x 1 2  x

 e  e  x 
  
x

P.I. 
1
x 2
 2 xe  e
x x
  D
1
cos 2 x
D 2
 2D 1  2
 2D 1 2

1 1
x 2   x2
 D  2D 1
2

1  2D  D 2 
   

  1  2D  D 2  2D  D 2  .... x 2   
2


  1  2D  D 2  4D 2 x 2   x 2
  x 2  4 x   5   2 
1
x 2   x 2  4 x  10
D  2D 1
2

2   2e x 

xe x
  x
D 2  2D 1   D  1 2  2  D  1 1 
 

1
 2e x 2 x
D  2D  1  2D  2 1
2e x
 2  x 
D  4D  2
2e x 1
 x

2   D 2 
1   2D  
  2  

1
  D 
2
 e 1   2D 
x
 x
  2  

  D2  
 e 1   2D 
x
  ... x
  2  
 e x 1  2D  x
2
xex  ex  x  2    x  2  e x
 D  2D 1
2

12
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1  1 e2 x
e 2x
 e 2x

D 2  2D 1  4  4  1 7
1 e x cos 2 x  1 e  x cos 2 x

D 2  2D 1 2 D 2  2D 1 2
e x
1 e x 1
 cos 2 x  cos 2x
2  D  1  2  D  1 1
2
2  D 1  2  D  1 1
2


 ex 1  e x 1
 cos 2 x  cos 2 x
2 D 2  2D  1  2D  2 1 2 4  2
e x  2D  1 cos 2 x e x
  cos 2 x
2 2  2D 1  2D  1 12
ex 1 e  x cos 2 x
  2.2 sin 2x  cos 2 x  
2 2 4D 2 1   12


e x
 4 sin 2 x  cos 2 x e  x cos 2x
4  16 1 12
e x  cos 2x  4 sin 2 x  e  x cos 2x
  
17 12
The General Solution is
 1 2  x 1 2  x e2 x
y  Ae  Be  10  4 x  x 
2
  x  2 ex
7
x x
e e
  cos 2 x  4 sin 2 x   cos 2 x
17 12

Problem 7 Solve  D 2  4  y  x 2 cos 2 x


Solution:
The A.E is m 2  4  0
 m 2  4
 m  2 i
C.F.: A cos 2 x  B sin 2 x

P.I  2
1
D 4

x 2 cos 2 x  

1 e 2ix
 R.P of 2 x 2 ei 2 x  R.P. of x2
D 4  D  2i  4
2

1
P.I.  R.P of e 2ix x2
D  4iD  4  4
2

1 1
 R.P of e 2ix 2 x 2  R.P of e2ix x2
D  4iD D  D  4i 




13
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1 1
 R.P of e 2ix x2
D  D 
4i 1  
 4i 
1
e 2ix 1  D  2
 R.P of  1   x
4i D  4i 
 

e 2ix 1  D D 2  2
 R.P of 1    x
4i D  4i 16 

 ie 2ix   x 3 x 2 x 
 R.P of      
 4   3 4i 8 

 ie 2ix   x 3 ix 2 x 
 R.P of      
 4  3 4 8 
 e 2ix    x 3i x 2 ix 
 R.P of      
 4   3 4 8 
x 2 ix 
 cos 2 x  sin 2x    x3i
 R.P of    
4  3 4 8 
1  x 2 cos 2x x 3 sin 2 x x sin 2x 
    
4  4 3 8 
1  x 2 cos 2x x 3 sin 2 x x sin 2x 
P.I.     
4  4 3 8 
 x 2 cos 2 x x3 sin 2x x sin 2 x
G.S.: y  A cos 2 x  B sin 2x    .
16 12 32

Problem 8 Solve  D 2  a 2  y  sec a x .


Solution:
The A.E. is m2  a 2  0
 m2   a 2
 m   ai
C.F.: A cos ax  B sin a x

sec a x  1
1
P.I 
 D  ai   D  ai 
Using partial fractions
 C1 C 
 2 
1

D a
2 2
D  ai D  ai
1  C1  D  ai   C2  D  ai 

1 1
C1   , C2 
2ia 2ia

14
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations


1 1 1 1
P.I.   sec ax  sec a x
2ia  D  ai  2ia  D  ai 
1 1 e aix  aix
2ia 
 sec ax  e sec a x dx
2ia D   ai 


e  aix aix e aix  aix
 2ia  2ia 
 e sec a x dx   e sec a x dx

e  aix  cos ax  i sin ax  e aix  cos ax  i sin ax 


2ia  2ia 
P.I.   dx  dx
cos ax cos ax
e  aix e aix
1  i tan ax  dx   1  i tan ax  dx
2ia 
P.I.  
2ia
 aix
e  i    e   i
aix

   x  log sec ax 
   x  log sec ax 
  
2ia a 2ia a
2 x  e aix  e  aix   2i  e aix  e  aix 
    2  log sec ax 
 
2a  2i  2ia  2 
x 1
 sin ax  2  log sec ax   cos ax 
a a
 2  ax sin ax  cos ax log cos ax 
1
a
G.S. is y  C.F  P.I .

Problem 9 Solve  D 2  4D  3 y  e  x sin x  xe3 x .


Solution:
The A.E is m 2  4m  3  0
 m  1  m  3  0
m  1, 3
C.F.: Ae  x  Be 3 x
P.I 
1 1
e  x sin x  xe3 x
 D  3  D  1  D  1  D  3
e x e3x
  sin x    x 
 D 1  3  D 1  1  D  3  1  D  3  3

1 1
 e x sin x  e3 x x
 D  2 D  D  4   D  6 
 
D2 1
 e  x cos x  e3 x 2 x
 D  2   D  2  D  10D  24
1 e3x 1
 e  x   sin x  2 cos x   x
 D2  4  24
1 
10D D 2

24 24

15
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1
1 e 3 x  5D D 2 
P.I.  e x
 sin x  2 cos x   1  
24  12 24 
x
 D 2  4  
 

e  sin x  2 cos x  e3 x  5D 
x

  1  x
 1  4  24   12 

e x e3 x  5 
   sin x  2 cos x     x  
5 24  12 
ex
esin x  2 cos x     x    .
3x
5
G.S. is y  Ae  x  Be 3 x 
 
5 24  12 

Problem 10 Solve the Legendre’s linear equation
 3x  2 2 D 2  3  3x  2  D  36  y  3x 2  4x  1
 
Solution:
Let  3x  2   D 2  3  3x  2  D  36  y  3x 2  4 x 1
2

 
Let 3x  2  e or t  log  3x  2 
t


dt 3
  
dx 3x  2

3x  e  2
z

1 2 
x  ez  
3 3 
Let  3x  2  D  3D 

 3x  2  D 2  9D  D  1 
2


 D  1  3  3D   36 y  3  e z     4  e z     1
1 2 1 2
9D
 3 3 3 3
1 4 4  4 8
9D

2
 9D  9D  36 y  3 e 2 z   e z  e z   1
9 9 9 3 3
1 4 4 4 8
9D2  36 y  e 2 z   e z  e z   1
3 3 3 3 3
1 2z 1
 e 
3 3
A.E is 9m  36  0
2

9m 2  36
m2  4
m  2
C.F  Ae 2 z  Be 2 z
 A  3x  2   B  3x  2 
2 2

16
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

1 e2 z
P.I1  2
9D  36 3
1 1
 . e2 z
3 36  36
1 1 2z
 z e
3 18D
1 e2 z
 z
54 2
1
 ze 2 z
108
1
 log 3x  2  3x  2 
2

108
1 e0 z
P.I 2  12
9D  36 3
1 1 0z 1
 . e  
3 36 108

y  C.F  P.I1  PI 2 
1 1
 A  3x  2   B  3x  2    3x  2  log  3x  2  
2 2 2

108 108
 A  3x  2   B  3x  2     3x  2  log  3x  2   1 .
2 2 2

1
108  

Problem 11 Solve  D 2  5D  4   e  x sin 2 x  x 2  1 where D 
d
.
dx
Solution:
The A.E m2  5m  4  0
m  4 or m  1
C.F  Ae 4 x  Be  x
 e  x sin 2 x  2 x 2  1
1
P.I  2
D  5D  4


 e3 x
1
sin 2 x 
1 2
 D 2  5D 

x 1
 D 1  5  D  1  4
2


4  1  
  4 

1  5D  5D 2  2 
 e3 x 2
1

sin 2 x  1   
 x  1
 D 3D 4  4 16 
e x
 2 sin 2 x  3cos2x   x 2  x  
1 5 13

26 4  2 8 
G.S : y  C.F.  P.I




17
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

e x
 2 sin 2 x  3 cos 2 x    x2  x  
1 5 1 3
y  Ae 4 x  Be x   .
26 4  2 8 
d2 y dy
Problem 12 Solve x 2
 4x  6 y  sin  log x  .
2

dx dx
Solution:
d2 y dy
Given equation is x 2
 4x  6 y  sin  log x  .
2

dx dx
 x D  4xD  6  y  sin  log x   1
2 2

 or  z  log x
Put x  e z
xD  D   2 

d
x 2 D 2  D  D 1   3 Where D denotes
dz

Sub (2) & (3) in (1) we get


 D  D 1  4D  2  y  sin z
 i.e   D2  D  4D  2  y  sin z
 D 2

 3D  2 y  sin z   4 
The A.E is m2  3m  2  0
 m  1  m  2   0
m  1, 2
C.F.: Ae  z  Be 2 z
1
P.I.= 2 sin z
D  3D  2
1
 sin z
1  3D  2
1
 sin z
3D  1
3D 1
 sin z
9D2 1
 3D  1 sin z Replace 2 
  D by 1
9  1  1 
3D  sin z   sin z

10
3 cos z  sin z

10
 The solution of (4) is
3 cos z  sin z
y  Ae  z  Be 2 z 
10

18
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

Sub z  log x or x  e z , we get


3 cos  log x   sin  log x 
y  Ae  log x  Be 2 log x 
10
3 cos  log x   sin  log x 
y  Ax 1  Bx 2 
10
A B 3 cos  log x   sin  log x 
y   2 
x x 10
This gives the solution of the given differential equation.

Problem 13 Solve the simultaneous ordinary differential equation


 D  4  x  3 y  t , 2 x   D  5  y  e2t
Solution:
Given  D  4  x  3 y  t  1
2x   D  5  y  e2t   2 
2  1   D  4    2 
6 y   D  4   D  5  y  2t   D  4  e 2t
 6  D 2  9D  20 y  2t  2e 2t  4e zt

 D 2  9D  14  y  6e2t  2t
The A.E. is m2  9m  14  0
 m  7  m  2  0
m  2,  7
C.F.: Ae 2t  Be 7 t
P.I.  2
6 2
e 2t  2 t

D  9D  14 
D  9D  14  

 t 
6e 2t 2 1
 
4  18  14 14 9D D 2
1 
14 14
 9D D 2 1
6e 2t 1 
   1     t 
36 7  14 14 
e 2t 1  9D  e 2t 1  9 
   1    t     t  
6 7  14  6 7  14 

e 2t t 9
G.S. is y  Ae 2t  Be 7t   
6 7 98
To Calculate x
2e 2t 1
Dy  2 Ae 2t  7 Be 7 t  
6 7

19
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

5e 2t 5t 45
5 y  5 Ae 2t  5Be 7t   
6 7 98
7e 2t 5t 1 45
 D  5 y  3 Ae2t  2Be7 t    
6 7 7 98
 2  2x    D  5 y  e 2t

7e 2t 5t 31 2t
 3 Ae 2t  2Be7t    e
6 7 98
3 A 2t
e  Be7t  e 2t  
7 5t 31
x
2 72 14 196
The General solution is
3 A 2t e 2t 5t 31
x e  Be7t   
2 12 14 196
e 2t t 9
y  Ae 2t  Be 7 t    .
6 7 98

d2 y
Problem 14 Solve:  y  tan x by method of variation of parameters
dx 2
Solution:
A.E is m2  1  0
m  i
C.F = c1 cos x  c2 sin x
P.I  PI1  PI 2
f1  cos x ; f 2  sin x
 
f1   sin x ; f 2  cos x
f 2 f1  f1f 2  1

Now, P   
f2 X
 dx
f f  f f
1

2 1 2

=   sin x tan xdx


s in 2 x ( 1  cos 2 x)
=    d x   dx
cos x cos x
=   sec xdx   cos xdx
=  log  sec x  tan x   sin x

Q  
f1 X
 dx
f1 f 2  f1 f 2
=  cos x tan xdx
=  cos x
 y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2

20
www.vidyarthiplus.com

Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations

= c1 cos x  c2 sin x + [ log  sec x  tan x   sin x] cos x  cos x sin x


= c1 cos x  c2 sin x  log(sec x  tan x) cos cos x .

d2 y
Problem 15 Solve by the method of variation of parameters  4 y  sec 2 x
dx 2
Solution:
The A.E is m 2  4  0
m  2i
C.F = c1 cos 2x  c2 sin 2 x
P.I = Pf1 + Qf2
f1 = cos 2x; f2 = sin 2x
 
f1  2 sin 2x ; f 2  2 cos 2 x

f 2 f1  f1 f 2  2

Now, P   
f2 X
 dx
f f  f f

1 2 1 2

=  sin 2 x sec 2 xdx


2
=1 lo g  co s 2 x 
1
2 tan 2 xd x  4

Q  
f1 X
 dx
f1 f 2  f1 f 2
= 1 cos 2 x sec 2 xdx  1 x
2 2
 y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2
= c1 cos 2 x  c2 sin 2 x  1 lo g  co s 2 x co s 2 x  1 x sin 2 x .
4 2

21

You might also like