List of Elective Courses With Syllabus.

Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
III Year B.Tech Semester - I L T P C

Code : EC 3111 Computer Organization and 3 1 0 4
Architecture
SYLLABUS:
Unit – I :
Introduction to computer system and its submodules, Number System and Representation of
information, Arithmetic and Logical operation and hardware implementation, Software
implementation of some complex operation.
Unit – II :
Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Introduction to memory Unit, control unit and Instruction Set,
Working with an ALU, Concepts of Machine level programming, Assembly level
programming and High level programming, Various addressing modes and designing of an
Instruction set. Lecture-2: Concepts of subroutine and subroutine call, Use of stack for
handling subroutine call and return
Unit – III:
Introduction to CPU design, Instruction interpretation and execution, Micro-operation and
their RTL specification, Hardwired control CPU design, Microprogrammed control CPU
design, Concepts of semiconductor memory, CPU-memory interaction, organization of
memory modules, : Cache memory and related mapping and replacement policies, Virtual
memory
Unit – IV:
Introduction to input/output processing, working with video display unit and keyboard and
routine to control them, Programmed controlled I/O transfer, Interrupt controlled I/O transfer,
DMA controller, Secondary storage and type of storage devices, Introduction to buses and
connecting I/O devices to CPU and memory
Unit – V:
Introduction to RISC and CISC paradigm, Design issues of a RISC processor and example of
an existing RISC processor, Introduction to pipelining and pipeline hazards, design issues of
pipeline architecture , Instruction level parallelism and advanced issues, Introduction to
interconnection network and practical issues, Examples of interconnection networks
Unit – VI :
Multiprocessors and its characteristics, Memory organization for multiprocessors systems,
synchronization and models of memory consistency, Issues of deadlock and scheduling in
multiprocessor systems, Cache in multiprocessor systems and related problems, Cache
coherence protocols, Parallel processing concepts, Parallelism algorithm for multiprocessor
systems
Textbooks:
1. Computer system Architecture by M . Morris Mano
2. Computer Architecture – An Embedded approach by Ian McLoughlin
Videos : Computer Architecture (Video)
Link: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102062/
Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
Computer Prof Anshul IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102062/
Architecture Kumar
II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3112 Digital Image Processing 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Introduction to Digital image Processing and its Applications.

Introduction of image processing, Need of Image processing, Applications of image
processing in Various domains (Ex: medical, Astronomy, machinevision), Introduction to
Video Sequence processing, Image compression, Image representation, Steps in Digital
Image processing and Brief History
UNIT-II: Image Digitization

Need of digitization, Image as matrix of Numbers, Sampling, Signal Reconstruction from
Samples, Convolution, 2D sampling, Image Quantization, Quantization error, Quantizer
Design. Relationships between pixels.
UNIT-III: Basic Transformations and Image Interpolation

Translation, rotation, scaling, Camera Model and Image Geometry, Camera Calibration and
Stereo Imaging, Stereo Image modeling, Interpolation and Resampling, B-spline interpolation
Functions, Constant interpolation, Image Transformation, DCT Basis Images, Walsh
Transform, Hadamard Tarnsform.
UNIT-IV: Transformation , Image Enhancement and Image Restoration

Fourier Transformation, Discrete Cosine Transform, K- L Transform, Necessity of Image
Enhancement, Spatial Domain Operations, Frequency domain operations, Power law
transformation. Image Enhancement frequency. Image Restoration and Restoration
techniques.
UNIT-V: Colour Image Processing and Image Segmentation

Primary and Secondary Colours, Chromaticity diagram and its use, RGB colour model, HIS
colour model, Conversation from one model to another, Pseudo Color Image processing,
Colour and intensity modifications, Image Segmentation, Linking of edge points, Threshold
Technique, Region based Segmentation.
UNIT-VI: Mathematical Morphology and Object Representation and Description.

What is Morphology? Morphological Image processing Techniques: Dilation, Erosion,
Opening, Closing. Applications Hit or Miss Transform, Image under Standing Techniques,
Boundary based Descriptions, Region based Descriptions, Recognition techniques: Using
shape number, Feature based Techniques, Neural based Technique,
Text Books:
1. “Digital Image Processing ” by Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. woods
Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link
Lecture series on Prof. P.K IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710507

Biswas 9
Digital image
processing
III YEAR B.TECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3113 Digital VLSI Design 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction to Digital VLSI Design: Evolution of VLSI Systems, Applications of VLSI
Systems , Review of Digital Design
Algorithmic State Machines: Components of ASM Chart, ASM for Binary Multiplier,
ASM for weighing machine , ASM for Bus Arbiter, Arithmetic Mean, Sort operation
UNIT II: Design of Memories

On-Chip dual address ROM Design and Verilog implementation, Single Address ROM
Design and Verilog implementation, On-Chip Dual RAM Design
UNIT III: Design of Arithmetic Circuits

Principle of pipelining, partitioning of a design, serial signed adder design, parallel signed
adder design , parallel and pipelined multiplier design and Verilog implementations
UNIT IV: Design of a Discrete Cosine Transform and Quantization Processor

DCTQ processor block diagram, Signal description of DCTQ processor , Architecture of
DCTQ processor, Verilog code for DCTQ Datapath and Control path, verification of DCTQ
processor
UNIT V: RT Level Design and Test
Sequential Multipler – shift and add multiplication process , sequential multiplier design ,
multiplier testing, Von Neumann Computer Model-processor model specification, designing
the adding CPU, design of datapath and control path, testing adding CPU, CPU Design and
Test- details of processor functionality, SAYEH Datapath and control path design and
realization.
UNIT VI: Hardware Implementations Using FPGA and I/O Boards
FPGA board features, features of Digital Input/output board, Traffic light controller design
and implementation on FPGA, Real Time clock design and implementation on FPGA,
Projects for implementation on FPGA.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital VLSI Systems Design – S.Ramachandran , Springer Publications
2. Verilog Digital System Design – Zainalabedin Navabi

Expert
VLSI Circuits Prof S Srinivasan IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106092

III YEAR BTECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

ECE
Code:3121 ANALOG IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I: Negative feedback systems and stability

Negative feedback amplifier using an integrator; Frequency and time domain behavior; Loop
gain and its implications; Negative feedback amplifier realization; Finite DC gain; Increasing
DC gain; Effect of multiple poles; Negative feedback systems with multiple poles and zeros
in the forward path; Stability analysis using Nyquist criterion; Nyquist criterion; Loop gain-
Bode plot and time domain interpretation; Significance of 60 degree phase margin
UNIT II: Opamp at the block level: Frequency compensation
Concept of the opamp for realizing negative feedback circuits; Realizing a multi stage
opamp-frequency compensation-miller opamp; Realizing a multi stage opamp; feedforward
compensated opamp; Opamp as a general block; unity gain compensation; nonidealities-
swing limits, slew rate, offset; dc negative feedback around opamps
UNIT III: Opamp amplifiers
Amplifiers using Miller compensated opamp; Effect of input capacitance; gain bandwidth
product; Transimpedance amplifier; lead-lag compensation; Inverting and noninverting
amplifiers-CMRR and its importance
UNIT 1V: Noise in resistors, MOS transistors and matching
Noise models; Noise calculations; Noise scaling, IC components and their models; Mismatch;
Layout considerations. Body effect in basic amplifier stages; Frequency response of a
common source amplifier
UNIT V: Single ended opamp design
Realizing a single stage opamp-diff pair; small signal ac analysis; Single stage opamp-
mismatch and noise; Single stage opamp-telescopic cascode; Replica biasing a cascode;
Single stage opamp-folded cascode; Two stage miller compensated opamp; Three stage
opamp; CMRR of an opamp and opamp circuits.
UNIT VI: Fully differential opamp design

Fully differential opamps; Differential and common mode half circuits; common mode
feedback; Fully differential miller compensated opamp-common mode feedback loop and its
stability; Fully differential single stage opamp; Fully differential telescopic cascode opamp;
Fully differential feedforward compensated opamp
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, August
2000.
RELATED LINKS:
1. http://www.ee.iitm.ac.in/~nagendra/teaching.html.
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
1. Analog Circuit Design: Art, Science and Personalities (EDN Series for Design
Engineers) (Paperback), Jim Williams, Newnes; Reprint edition, 1991.
2. Analog Integrated Circuit Design, David Johns and Ken Martin, John Wiley & Sons,
1997.
3. Mixed Analog Digital VLSI Devices and Technology (An introduction), Y. Tsividis,
World Scientific, New Jersey, 2002.
4. Analysis and design of Analog Integrated Circuits, Gray, Hurst, Lewis, and Meyer,
4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
5. Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, K. R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen,
McGraw-Hill, January 1994.
III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3122 ANTENNAS AND RADIO WAVE 3 1 0 4
PROPOGATION
SYLLABUS:
Unit I: Fundamental concepts of Antennas
Introduction, Role of an Antenna in communication, Historical Advancement, Types of
Antennas
Physical concept of Radiation, Radiation Pattern, Near and Far-field regions ,Radiation
Power density, Radiation intensity, Beam Width, Directivity, Antenna Efficiency, Gain of an
Antenna, Beam efficiency, Band width, Polarization, Input Impedance, Antenna Radiation
Efficiency, Maximum Directivity and Maximum Effective area, Friis Transmission Equation
and Radar Range Equation.
Background and brightness temperature, Antenna Noise temperature ,G/T ratio, system
temperature and signal to noise ratio
Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions.
Unit II: Linear Wire and Loop Antennas

Infinitesimal Dipole, Small Dipole, Finite Length Dipole, Half wave length Dipole, Linear
Elements Near or on Infinite Perfect Conductors, Small Circular loop and loop antenna.
Unit III: Array Antennas

Introduction to array, Two-Elemental Array, Array Factor, N-Element Linear Array: Uniform
Amplitude and Spacing, N-Element Linear Array: Directivity, Design Procedure, Broad Side
and End-Fire Array, Planar Array.
Unit IV: Broad Band Antennas and Horn Antennas

Concept of Broad Band, Log-Periodic Antennas, Frequency Independent Antennas,
E-plane Sectoral Horn, H-plane Sectoral Horn, Pyramidal Horn, and their properties.
Unit V: Microstrip and Reflector Antennas

Basic Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna, Different types Feeding methods, Design of
Rectangular Patch and Circular Patch Antennas.
Introduction to Reflector, Plane Reflector, Corner Reflector, Parabolic Reflector, Spherical
Reflector.
Unit VI: Radio wave Propagation

Antenna located over flat earth, spherical earth coverage diagrams, field diffraction zones and
losses, surface wave propagation, ionospheric propagation, microwave and millimeter wave
propagation, scattering by rain, tropospheric scatter propagation, propagation into sea water,
atmosphere ducts and non-standard refractions
Text Books:
1. C.A Balanis, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Ed, John Wiley& Sons, 2015.
2. R.E.Collin, Antenna and Radiowave Propagation, McGraw-Hill, New York,1985.
3.John D.Kraus “Antennas” McGraw-Hill series ,2nd edition,1988
4. W L Stutzman, and G.A Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 2nd Ed.,John Wiley
&sons.,1998.
Reference Books:
1. R.S.Elliot, ” Antenna Theory and Design”, Revised edition,Wiley IEEE-Press.,2003.
2. E.Jordan and K.Balmain, ”Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, Prentice-hall,
New York, 1968.
3.R Garg,” Design of Microstip Antenna”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991
Expert
Lecture series on Prof. R.K. IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101056/
Transmission Shevgaonkar Bombay
Lines and EM
Waves(antenna
related videos)
Text Reference links:

Expert
Web course Dr.Amalendu IIT Roorkee http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117107035/
on Advnced Patnaik
Antenna
Theory and
Design
II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3123 Computer Networks 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Introduction and course outline, simple data communication model, Data and Signal,
Transmission impairments and Channel Capacity, Transmission media, Layered Architecture
introduction, Layers and interfaces, Entity and protocol, Services, Transmission impairments and
channel capacity, Data rate limits, Distortion types, Guided transmission media introduction, Quality
of transmission, Twisted pairs and coaxial cables, Unguided media introduction.
UNIT-II: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL SINGAL AND ADVANTAGES OF
MULITIPLEXING
Analog modulation (Amplitude modulation, Angle modulation), analog to digital conversion,

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Transmission of digital data (line coding), Conversion techniques
and coding technique, digital to analog modulation [ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, DPSK],
Multiplexing [FDM, TDM, CDM, WDM].
UNIT-III: LINK CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS
Types of errors, Error detection, Parity checking, Error correction, Need of error control, Flow
control, Data link control, Asynchronous protocol and transmission, Synchronous protocol
transmission, Introduction to circuit switching and different types of circuit switching, pocket
switching introduction, Cell switching (ATM).
UNIT-IV: MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL, LOCAL AREA NETWORK AND WIDE AREA
NETWORK
Introduction, Media Access Control Address, Polling, CSMA, CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD and
Reservation Aloha, Digital hierarchies [SONET/SDH], LAN topologies and protocols; IEEE 802
Standard; Ethernet, Wireless LANs Connecting LANs: Repeaters, Bridges, Routers; Virtual LANs,
Network Layer Addressing and Routing concepts, Routing Methods, Distance Vector Protocol,
Link State protocol, Open Shortest Path First, Addressing & Routing, Address Resolution
Protocol, Dynamic Host Control Protocol, Network Address Translation, IPv6, Mobile IP
Process-to-Process delivery in Transport Layer: User Datagram Protocol, congestion control.
UNIT-V: WIRELESS NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Wireless network introduction, Cellular telephone system introduction, Mobility management,
Satellite communication introduction, Low earth orbit satellite, Global positioning systems
introduction, Internet and Internetworkings, Internetworking requirements and issues, Repeaters
and hubs, Transfer control protocol introduction.
UNIT-VI: MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS AND SECURED COMMUNICATION

Multimedia introduction, Digitizing audio and video, Multimedia transmission requirements,
Delay jitter and delays skew, SAS factors for audio and video, Traffic characterization
parameters, Audio and video compression, Multimedia services, Secured communication
introduction, Introduction of cryptography, symmetric key cryptography, ciphers introduction,
Encryption techniques, Digital signature, Hellman key exchange, Pretty good privacy, Virtual
private network.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
2. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, Pearson Education, 2008.
3. Rajneesh Agrawal and Bharat Bhushan Tiwari, “Data Communication and Computer Networks”,
Vikas Publishing house Ltd. , 2005.
4. Tomasi Wayne, “Introduction to Data Communications and Networking”, Pearson Education,
2007.
.

COMPUTER Prof.Sujoy IIT KHARGPUR http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105081

NETWORKS Ghosh

Code: EC 3131 ADVANCED DIGITAL 3 1 0 4
COMMUNICATIONS
SYLLABUS:
UNIT 1:
Review of probability basics-Random variable –probability density function, cumulative

distribution function, Moment generating function–Markov’s inequality– Chebyshev’s
inequality –function of one random variable-function of two random variables- Central limit
theorem.
UNIT 2:
Error rate analysis- Bit error rate for BPSK modulation, Symbol error rate for QPSK and 4-
QAM modulations, Symbol error rate for 4PAM, Symbol error rate for 16 QAM, Symbol
error rate for 16PSK
UNIT 3:
System Performance Measures- Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) , Outage Probability ,

Average Bit Error Probability (ABER) , channel capacity, Amount of Fading ,coefficient of
variation, Average Outage Duration.
UNIT 4:
Fading Channel Characterization and Modeling - Characteristics of Fading Channels,

Fading models- Rayleigh, Nakagami-q (Hoyt), Nakagami-n (Rice), Nakagami-m ,Chi square,
gamma ,weibull, Generalized-k ,k-u and H models, Composite fading and shadowing models.
UNIT 5:
Digital communication over fading channels: Bit error rate analysis of ASK, PSK and FSK
schemes over different fading channels. MATLAB Assignments on bit error rate analysis of
various modulation schemes.

Code: EC 3132 Embedded Systems 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION.
Overview of Embedded Systems, Embedded System Architecture, Processor examples:
ARM,PIC etc, Introduction to Embedded Hardware, Overview of micro controller and micro
processor, Vonnueuman Architecture, Hardvard Architecture, Advanced Hardvard
Architecture, Introduction to PIC microcontroller.
UNIT-II: PIC INSTRUCTION SET AND PERIPHERALS ON CHIP
Instruction format, Adressing modes, Instructions, Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic and
Logical instructions, Bit oriented instructions, Control instructions, Assembly language
programming, Interrupts in PIC, Interrupts timing, PIC input output pins, PIC timers,
Watchdog timer, PWM mode in PIC, PIC peripherals, PIC examples.
UNIT-III: ARM PROCESSOR

History, ARM Architecture and its versions, Basic ARM organization, Registers and its
organization, Processor modes, Memory Organization, ARM Instruction set, ARM Data
types, ARM interrupt processing, Stack organization, ARM input output system, Pipeline
operation in ARM, Simple ARM based systems.
UNIT-IV: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND MEMORY

Features of digital signal processors, DSP applications and DSP algorithms, DSP memory,
Instruction sets and parallel instructions, System on chip, Memory, Memory organization,
Virtual memory, Memory management unit, BUS structure, Serial interfaces, Power aware
architecture.
UNIT-V: SOFTWARE FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND NETWOKED
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Requirement and features of software for embedded systems, Usage of C and java and its
limitations, Fundamentals of embedded operating systems, Scheduling policies, Resource
management, Embedded OS, Network embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems
and its Architecture, Multi processor networks, Ethernet and its features, Hardware modules,
Protocols.
UNIT-VI: DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Introduction, Designing process, Data flow graph, Optimizing for program size,
Floating point to fixed point conversion, Simple digital camera design, CCD image
sensors, Platform basic design, Compilers for embedded systems, Developing
Embedded systems, Building dependable embedded systems, Pervasive and
ubiquitous computing.
Text Books:
1.Computers as components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Wayne

Wolf, Morgan Kaufman publication, 2000
2. ARM System Development’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software,
Andhrew, N. Sloss, Dominic Symesm Chirs Wright, Morgan kaufman publication, 2004
3. Design with PIC microcontroller, John B. Peatman, Pearson Education Asia, 2002
4. The Design of Small –Scale embedded systems Tim Wilmshurst, Palgrave 2003
5. Embedded System Design, Marwedel, Peter, Kluwer Publisher, 2004

Lecture series on Dr. Santanu IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10810204

Chaudhury 5
Embedded
Systems
COURSE TITLE: MEMS and Micro Systems
III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:3133 MEMS and Micro Systems 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
Unit I: Introduction
Micro/Nano Electronics and Mechanical systems, Micro/Nano sensors, Evaluation of
MEMS/NEMS, MEMS/NEMS materials, piezo resistive MEMS, cantilever beams
Unit II: Fabrication of MEMS/NEMS
Fabrication process flow: cleaning, oxidation, patterning, Mask Alignment, Lithography-
types, etching-types, annealing, different photo-resists
Unit III: Characterization of MEMS/NEMS
Characterization of MEMS: Mechanical, Optical and Electrical, Interface electronics to
MEMS, wafer bonding, Metallization
Unit IV: MEMS/NEMS for Bio-medical applications
Introduction to Bio-MEMS/NEMS, issues in Bio-MEMS/NEMS, Introduction to Micro
fluidics, Application of Bio-MEMS
Unit V: Introduction to lab-on-chip
Nanotribology and Nanomechanics Issues, Nanotribological Studies of MEMS/NEMS
Materials, Lab-on-chip
Unit VI: Application of MEMS/NEMS
MEMS for Space applications, MEMS for thermal applications, Pressure sensors, MEMS
gyro sensors, MEMS capacitive accelerometer
Text Books:
1. "Microsystem Design" by Stephen D. Senturia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
2. Fundamentals of Microfabrication by Marc Madou, CRC Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8493-9451-1.
3. "Microsensors" by Richard S. Muller, Roger T. Howe, Stephen D. Senturia, Rosemary L.
Smith, and Richard M. White, IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC 0257-6, ISBN 0-87942-254-9,
New York, 1991.
Reference Books:
1. Micromechanical Transducers: Pressure sensors, accelrometers, and gyroscopes by M.-H.
Bao, Elsevier, New York, 2000.
2. Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook by Gregory Kovacs, WCB McGraw-Hill,
Boston, 1998, ISBN 0-07-290722-3.
3. "Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to 1990. " by William Trimmer,
IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, New York.

Expert
Bio- Dr. Shantanu IIT Kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104181/
MEMS/NEMS Bhattacharya
MEMS and Prof. Santi IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105082/
Micro systems Ram Kal Kharagpur
III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code: 3241 Information Theory and 3 1 0 4

Coding
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction to Information Theory and Coding, Definition of Information Measure and
Entropy, Extension of An Information Source and Markov Source, Adjoint of An Information
Source, Jointand Conditional Information Measure, Properties of Joint and Conditional
Information Measures and A Morkov Source, Asymptotic Properties of Entropy and Problem
Solving in Entropy.
UNIT II:
Block Code and its Properties, Instantaneous Code and Its Properties, Kraft-Mcmillan
Equality and Compact Codes, Shannon's First Theorem, Coding Strategies and Introduction
to Huffman Coding, Huffman Coding and Proof of Its Optamality, Competitive Optamality
of The Shannon Code.
UNIT III:
Non-Binary Huffman Code and Other Codes, Adaptive Huffman Coding Part-I, Adaptive
Huffman Coding Part-II, Shannon-Fano-Elias Coding and Introduction to Arithmetic Coding,
Arithmetic Coding Part-I, Arithmetic Coding Part-II, Introduction to Information Channels,
Equivocation and Mutual Information.
UNIT IV:
Properties of Different Information Channels, Reduction of Information Channels, Properties
of Mutual Information and Introdution to Channel Capacity, Calculation of Channel Capacity
for Different Information Channels, Shannon's Second Theorem, Discussion On Error Free
Communication Over Noisy Channel, Error Free Communication Over A Binary Symmetric
Channel and Introdution to Continous Sources and Channels
UNIT V:
Differential Entropy and Evaluation of Mutual Information for Continuous Sources and
Channels, Channel Capacity of A Band Limited Continuous Channel, Introduction to Rate-
Distortion Theory, Definition and Properties of Rate-Distortion Functions, Calculation of
Rate-Distortion Functions, Computational Approach for Calculation of Rate-Distortion
Functions.
UNIT VI:
Introdution to Quantization, Lloyd-Max Quantizer, Companded Quantization, Variable
Length Coding and Problem Solving in Quantizer Design, Vector Quantization, Transform
Coding Part-I, Transform Coding Part-II.
Text Books:
1.An Introduction to Information Theory : Symbols, Signals and Noise By John R Pierce.
Video Content: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101053/

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code: EC 3242 PRINCIPLES OF RADAR 4 0 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: RADAR BASICS
Introduction ,Radar band designations, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Simple form of

Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications,
Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise,
Modified Radar Range EquationSNR, Envelope Detector, False Alarm Time and
Probability, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets
-sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses
(qualitative treatment), Illustrative Problems.
UNIT - II: CW AND FM RADAR

Doppler Effect, CW Radar –Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and
Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW
radar, Illustrative Problems. FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block
Diagram and Characteristics (Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter,
Multiple Frequency CW Radar.
UNIT – III: MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with -Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power
Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers –Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds,
Double Cancellation, And Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters, MTI Radar
Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler radar.
UNIT – IV:TRACKING RADAR

Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar–
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one-and two-coordinates), Phase Comparison
Monopulse, Tracking in range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.
UNIT –V: DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE
Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver –Response Characteristics and Derivation,

Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched
Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
UNIT –VI:PHASED ARRAY AND IMAGING RADAR
Phased array principle and feed systems, conventional and adaptive beam forming
techniques; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR): SAR fundamentals, cross-range resolution in
radar, synthetic aperture viewpoint; SAR data characteristics: Strip map SAR geometry,
strip map SAR data set, stripmap SAR image formation algorithm; Introduction to polar
metric and interferometric SAR
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Merrill I. Skolnik ,”Introduction to Radar Systems”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2001
2. Peebles, Jr., P.Z, “Radar Principles “ Wiley, New York, 1998.
3. Byron Edde, “Radar Principals, Technology, Applications”, Pearson Education, 2004
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hovanessian, S.A., “Radar System Design and Analysis”, Artech House1984.
2. Harger, R. O., Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems: Theory and Design, Academic
Press, NY (1970).
3. Schleher, D.C., “MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar”, Artech House 1991
4. Richards, M.A., “Fundamental of Radar Signal Processing”, Tata McGraw-
hill. 2005
5. Sullivan, R.J., “Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Concepts”, Prentice-
Hall of India. 2004
6. Mott, H., “Remote Sensing with Polarimetric Radar”, IEEE Press. 2007
7. Nathanson, F.E., “Radar Design Principles”, Scitech Publishing. 2002.
VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Expert
Lecture Dr. Robert M. MIT -OCW http://www.ll.mit.edu/workshops/education/
series on O'Donnell videocourses/introradar/index.html
Introduction
to radar
Lecture Dr. Robert M. IEEE http://aess.cs.unh.edu/radar%20se%20List

series on O'Donnell Aerospace and %20of%20Lectures%20.html
Radar Electronic
system Systems
Society
engineering
TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Expert
Web series on Prof. IISC http://nptel.ac.in/courses/101108056/
Navigation, DebasishGhose Bangalore
Guidance and
Control
III Year B.Tech Semester – II L T P C
Code : EC3243 VLSI Design Verification & Testing 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I :
Introduction , Overview of VLSI Design Flow,High Level Synthesis (HLS) Overview
,Scheduling in High Level Synthesis (HLS),Resource Sharing and Binding in HLS
UNIT II :
Logic Synthesis, Physical Design, Intoduction to formal methods for design verification,
Temporal Logic: Introduction and Basic Operations on Temporal Logic
UNIT III:
Syntax and Semantics of CTL, Equivalences between CTL Formulas, Introduction to Model
Checking, Model Checking Algorithms, Model Checking with Fairness
UNIT IV:
Binary Decision Diagram: Introduction and Construction, Ordered Binary Decision Diagram
(OBDD), Operation on OBDD, OBDD for state Transition systems
UNIT V:
Symbolic model checking, Introduction to Digital VLSI Testing, Functional and Structural
Testing, Fault Equivalence, Fault Simulation
UNIT VI :
Testability Measures (SCOAP) , Introduction to Automatic Test Pattern generation(ATPG)
and ATPG Algebras, D-Algorithm, ATPG for synchronous sequential circuits, Scan Chain
based Sequential circuit testing, Built in Self Test (BIST)
Textbooks:
1. Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman, “Digital Systems
Testing and Testable Design,” Revised, IEEE Press (1990)
2. Samiha Mourad and Yervant Zorian, “Principles of Testing Electronic Systems”,
Wiley (2000)
3. Michael L. Bushnell and Vishwani D. Agrawal, “Essentials of Electronic Testing, for
Digital, Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits”, Kluwer Academic Publishers
(2000)
VIDEO REFERENCE:
Title Expert Details of Web link
Name Expert
VLSI Design Prof Arnab IIT Guwahati http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103125
Verification and Sarkar
Test
II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3251 Artificial Intelligence 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I:
Introduction to artificial intelligence, Intelligent agents, State space search, Uniformed
search, Informed search.
UNIT-II:
Two players games-I, Constraint satisfaction problems, Knowledge representation and logic,
Interface in propositional logic, First order logic, Reasoning using first order logic.
UNIT-III:
Resolution in FOPL, Rule based systems, Semantic net, Reasoning in semantic net, Frames,
Planning.
UNIT-IV:
Rule based expert system, Reasoning with uncertainty, Fuzzy reasoning, Introduction to
learning.
UNIT-V:
Rule induction and decision trees, Learning using neural networks.
UNIT-VI:
Probabilistic learning, Natural language processing.
Text Books:
1. “Artificial intelligence: A new synthesis ” by Nils J.Nilsson.

Lecture series on Prof. Sudeshna IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10610507

Sarkar 7
Artificial
Intelligence
III YEAR BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 3252 DIGITAL IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT 1: A Historical Perspective, Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Quality

Metrics of a Digital Design, Cost of an Integrated Circuit, Functionality and Robustness,
Performance, Power and Energy Consumption
UNIT 2: THE WIRE

Introduction, Interconnect Parameters — Capacitance, Resistance,and Inductance,
Capacitance, Resistance, Inductance, Electrical Wire Models, The Ideal Wire, The Lumped
Model, The Lumped RC model, The Distributed rc Line, The Transmission Line
UNIT 3: THE CMOS INVERTER

Introduction, The Static CMOS Inverter — An Intuitive Perspective, Evaluating the
Robustness of the CMOS Inverter: The Static Behavior, Switching Threshold, Noise
Margins, Performance of CMOS Inverter: The Dynamic Behavior, Computing the
Capacitances, Propagation Delay: First-Order Analysis, Propagation Delay from a Design
Perspective, Power, Energy, and Energy-Delay, Dynamic Power Consumption, Static
Consumption
UNIT 4: DESIGNING COMBINATIONAL LOGIC GATES IN CMOS

Introduction,Static CMOS Design, Complementary CMOS, Ratioed Logic, Pass-Transistor
Logic, Dynamic CMOS Design , Dynamic Logic: Basic Principles, Speed and Power
Dissipation of Dynamic Logic , Issues in Dynamic Design, Cascading Dynamic Gates,
Perspectives, Designing Logic for Reduced Supply Voltages
UNIT 5: DESIGNING SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS

Introduction, Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits, Classification of Memory Elements,
Static Latches and Registers, The Bistability Principle, Multiplexer-Based Latches, Master-
Slave Edge-Triggered Register, Low-Voltage Static Latches, Static SR Flip-Flops—Writing
Data by Pure Force, Dynamic Latches and Registers, Dynamic Transmission-Gate Edge-
triggered Registers, C2MOS—A Clock-Skew Insensitive Approach, True Single-Phase
Clocked Register (TSPCR), Alternative Register Styles, Pulse Registers Sense-Amplifier
Based, Registers , Pipelining: An approach to optimize sequential circuits, Latch- vs.
Register-Based Pipelines, NORA-CMOS—A Logic Style for Pipelined Structures, Non-
Bistable Sequential Circuits
UNIT 6: DESIGNING MEMORY AND ARRAY STRUCTURES

Introduction,Memory Classification, Memory Architectures and Building Blocks, The
Memory Core, Read-Only Memories Nonvolatile Read-Write Memories, Read-Write
Memories (RAM), Contents-Addressable or Associative Memory (CAM), Memory
Peripheral Circuitry, The Address Decoders, Sense Amplifiers Voltage References,
Drivers/Buffers, Timing and Control, Memory Reliability and Yield, Signal-To-Noise Ratio,
Memory yield, Power Dissipation in Memories, Sources of Power Dissipation in Memories,
Partitioning of the memory, Addressing the Active Power Dissipation, Data-retention
Dissipation
Textbooks:
1. Digital Integrated Circuits- A Design Perspective (Second Edition) by Jan M. Rabaey ,
Anantha Chandrakasan and Borivoje Nikolic
Video Reference:
Title Expert Affiliation Weblink

name
Digital Integrated Jan Rabaey Professor at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list
Circuits Jan Rabaey UC Berkeley =PLB3i9IKhwBX8EEkgSy0AjaRFC
Lecture series mY2gBiQc
II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code: EC 3253 Embedded System Software Testing 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE TESTINGS
Introduction of embedded systems and software testing, Marketing drivers, Role of testing,
Key process elements for embedded software testing, Typical life cycle phase, Embedded C
environment, Embedded testing setup, Prerequistics for embedded system testing, Test case
design and procedures, Test standards, Depicting levels of testing, Software life cycle,
Embedded V model life cycle, Nested V model life cycle, Master test planning.
UNIT-II: TESTING METHODS
Dynamic testing, Dynamic testing types, Black box testing, White box testing, Coverage
aspects, Equivalance partitioning, State transition testing, State transition fault categories,
Model based testing, Grey box testing, Testing tools-life cycle, Test automation and
techniques, Risk based testing.
UNIT-III: STATIC ANALYSIS AND CODE REVIEWS
Static testing, Static vs dynamic testing, Static analysis, Static analysis tools, Coding
standards, Sample rule, Stack overflow, Program inspection walkthrough and reviews, Test
metrics, Test metrics life cycle and types, Software testing metrics.
UNIT-IV: SOFTWARE INTEGRATION
Software integration goals and objectives, Top down integration and testing, Integration
considerations, Integration strategy comparison, Bottom up testing, Layer integration, Client
server integration, Collaboration integration, Integration testing environment, Generating test
cases, Regression testing, Case diagram, Test case maintenance.
UNIT-V: TEST MANAGEMENT
Depicting levels of testing, Configure management elements, SCM activities, SCM phases,
Different types of test processes related to software remodel, Introduction to EST and
fundamentals of testing.
UNIT-VI: UNTI TESTING
LDRA unit testing tool introduction, Static analysis tool by using C or C++, Target based
testing, Level testing, Identification of test cases, Test line work flow.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Testing Embedded Software by Bart Broekman, Edwin Noteboom.

Expert
Lecture series on MADHUKESWARA SEER http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106112
ACADAMY /
Embedded
System software

Code: EC 3254 Wireless Communication 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT -I: The Cellular Concept:
System Design Fundamentals, Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment
Strategies, Handoff Strategies- Prioritizing Handoffs, Practical Handoff Considerations,
Interference and system capacity – Co channel Interference and system capacity, Channel
planning for Wireless Systems, Adjacent Channel interference , Power Control for
Reducing interference, Trucking and Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in
Cellular Systems- Cell Splitting, Sectoring .
UNIT –II:Mobile Radio Propagation- Large-Scale Path Loss:
Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free Space Propagation Model, Relating Power
to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection
from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect conductors, Ground
Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geometry, Knife-edge
Diffraction Model, Multiple knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation
Models- Longley-Ryce Model, Okumura Model, Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata
Model, Walfisch and Bertoni Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model, Indoor
Propagation Models-Partition losses (Same Floor), Partition losses between Floors, Log-
distance path loss model, Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model, Attenuation Factor Model,
Signal penetration into buildings, Ray Tracing and Site Specific Modeling.
UNIT –III: Mobile Radio Propagation- Small –Scale Fading and Multipath:
Small Scale Multipath propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift,
Impulse Response Model of a multipath channel- Relationship between Bandwidth and
Received power, Small-Scale Multipath Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Spread
Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding, Frequency Domain Channels Sounding,
Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time Dispersion Parameters, Coherence
Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types of Small-Scale Fading-Fading
effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading, Frequency selective fading,
Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading, Statistical Models for
multipath Fading Channels-Clarke’s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to Doppler
spread in Clarke’s model, Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading Model, Level crossing.
UNIT -IV: Equalization and Diversity:
Introduction, Fundamentals of Equalization, Training A Generic Adaptive Equalizer,
Equalizers in a communication Receiver, Linear Equalizers, Non linear Equalization-
Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE)
Equalizer, Algorithms for adaptive equalization-Zero Forcing Algorithm, Least Mean Square
Algorithm, Recursive least squares algorithm. Diversity Techniques-Derivation of
selection Diversity improvement, Derivation of Maximal Ratio Combining improvement,
Practical Space Diversity Consideration-Selection Diversity, Feedback or Scanning

Diversity, Maximal Ratio Combining, Equal Gain Combining, Polarization Diversity,
Frequency Diversity, Time Diversity, RAKE Receiver.
UNIT -V: Wireless Networks:
Introduction to wireless Networks, Advantages and disadvantages of Wireless Local Area
Networks, WLAN Topologies, WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11 Medium Access
Control, Comparison of IEEE 802.11 a,b,g and n standards, IEEE 802.16 and its
enhancements, Wireless PANs, Hiper Lan, WLL.
Text Books:
1. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rapp port, 2nd

Ed., 2002, PHI.
2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE.
2. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
3. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.
4. Wireless Communication – Upen Dalal, Oxford Univ. Press.
5. Wireless Communications and Networking

Code: EC 3261 Adaptive signal processing 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:
Introduction to Adaptive filters, Introduction to stochastic process, stochastic process,
Correlation structure, FIR wiener filter, Steepest descent technique, LMS algorithm,
Convergence analysis.
UNIT-II:
Misadjustment and Excess MSE, Sign LMS algorithm, Block LMS algorithm, Fast
implementation of Block LMS algorithm, Vector space treatment to Random Variables.
UNIT-III:
Orthogonalization and orthogonal projection, Orthogonal decomposition and signal
subspaces, Introduction to linear prediction, Lattice filter, Lattice recursion, Lattice as
optimal filter, Linear prediction and Autoregressive modeling.
UNIT-IV:
Gradient adaptive lattice, Introduction to recursive least squares, RLS Approach to adaptive
filters, RLS adaptive lattice.
UNIT-V:
RLS lattice recursion, RLS lattice algorithm, RLS using QR decomposition.
UNIT-VI:
Givens rotation, Systollic implementation, Singular value decomposition.
Text Books:
1. Adaptive filter theory by S.Heyken
2. “Adaptive singal Processing” by B. Widrow and S.D Stearns
3. “Adaptive Signal processing” by Tulay Adali and Simon Haykin.

Lecture series on Prof. IIT Karaghpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710507

M.Chakraborty 5
Adaptive signal
processing
III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code:3262 An Introduction to Electronics Systems 3 1 0 4

Packaging
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I: Electronic system packaging

Introduction, history of semiconductors, Packaging aspects of handheld products, Case
studies in applications, Wafer fabrication, inspection and testing, Wafer packaging,
Packaging evolution; Chip connection choices, Wire bonding, TAB and flipchip
UNIT II: Semiconductor packages
Introduction, Why packaging? Single chip packages or modules (SCM), Commonly used
packages and advanced packages; Materials in packages, Advances packages (continued);
Thermal mismatch in packages; Current trends in packaging, Multichip modules (MCM)-
types; System in package (SIP);Packaging roadmaps; Hybrid circuits.
UNIT III: Electrical Design considerations in systems packaging and CAD for
printed wiring boards
Electrical Issues- Resistive Parasitic, Capacitive and Inductive Parasitic, Layout guidelines
and the Reflection problem, Interconnection. Introduction to DFM, DFR & DFT,
Components of a CAD package and its highlights, Design Flow considerations, Beginning a
circuit design with schematic work and component layout, examples of layout and routing;
Technology file generation from CAD; DFM check list and design rules; Design for
Reliability
UNIT IV: Printed Wiring Board Technologies: Board level packaging aspects
Review of CAD output files for PCB fabrication; Photo plotting and mask generation,
Process flow-chart, PWB substrates, Substrates continued, Video highlights; Surface
preparation, Photo resist and application methods, UV exposure and developing, printing
technologies for PWBs PWB etching; Resist stripping, Screen-printing technology, Through-
hole manufacture process steps; Panel and pattern plating methods, Video highlights on
manufacturing, Solder mask for PWBs; Multilayer PWBs; Introduction to microvias,
Microvia technology and Sequential build-up technology process flow for high-density
interconnects, Conventional Vs HDI technologies; Flexible circuits; Tutorial session
UNIT V: Surface Mount Technology
SMD benefits, Design issues; Introduction to soldering, Reflow and Wave Soldering methods
to attach SMDs, Solders; Wetting of solders; Flux and its properties, Defects in wave
soldering, Vapour phase soldering, BGA soldering and Desoldering/ Repair, SMT failures,
SMT failure library and Tin Whisker, Tin-lead and lead-free solders, Phase diagrams;
Thermal profiles for reflow soldering; Lead-free alloys, Lead-free solder considerations;
Green electronics; RoHS compliance and e-waste recycling issues.
UNIT VI: Thermal Design considerations in systems packaging

Thermal Design considerations in systems packaging, Introduction to embedded passives;
Need for embedded passives; Design Library; Embedded resistor processes, Embedded
capacitors, Processes for embedding capacitors; Case study examples; Summary of materials
in packaging
Reference Books:
1. Rao R. Tummala, Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging, McGraw Hill, NY, 2001.
2. William D.Brown,Advanced Electronic Packaging, IEEE Press, 1999.
3. "Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to 1990. " by William Trimmer,
IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, New York.

Expert
An Introduction to Electronics Dr.G.V.Mahesh IISC http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/
Systems Packaging Bangalore 108108031/

Code: EC 3263 Medical Image analysis 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALSIS
Medical Image analysis and overview
UNIT-II: IMAGING AND CLUSTERING

X Ray and CT Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound Imaging, Optical
Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Texture in Medical Images, Region Growing and
Clustering,.
UNIT-III: IMAGE SEGMENTATION

Random Growing and Clustering, Random Walks for Segmentation, Active Contours for
Segmentation, Systematic Evaluation and Validation, Decision Trees for Segmentation and
Classification, Random Forests for segmentation and Classification.
UNIT – IV: NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICAION
Simple neuron, Neural network formulation, Learning with error back propagation, Gradient
checking and optimization.
UNIT-V: MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
Requirement and features of software for embedded systems, Usage of C and java and its
limitations, Fundamentals of embedded operating systems, Scheduling policies, Resource
management, Embedded OS, Network embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems
and its Architecture, Multi processor networks, Ethernet and its features, Hardware modules,
Protocols.
UNIT-VI: MISCELINOUS CONCEPTS

Retinal Vessel Segmentation, Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Scan of
Lungs, Tissue Characterization in Ultra sound.
Reference books:
1. Medical image analysis by ATAM P.DHAWAN , 2nd edition.

Lecture series on Prof. Debdoot IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10810509

Sheet 1
Embedded
Systems

Code: EC 3264 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:Introduction
Importance of Satellite Communication, A Brief History of Satellite Communications and its

evolution. Evolution of Indian Space communication.
UNIT-II: Orbital Mechanics and Launchers

Developing the Equations of the Orbit, Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion, Describing
the Orbit of a satellite, Locating the in the Orbit, Locating the Satellite with Respect to the
Earth. Orbital Elements, Look Angle Determination, The Sub satellite Point, Elevation and
Azimuth angle Calculations, Specialization to Geostationary Satellites, Visibility Test,
Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launches and Launch Vehicles, Doppler Shift,
Range Variations, Solar Eclipse, Sun Transit Outage.
UNIT-III: Satellite Subsystems

Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and monitoring, Power
Systems, Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Satellite Antennas, Equipment
Reliability and Space Qualification, Redundancy.
UNIT-IV:Satellite Link Design

Introduction, Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio, Noise
Figure and Noise Temperature, G/T Ratio for Earth stations. Design of Downlinks, Link
Budgets, Uplink Design, Designs for Specified C/N Ratios.
UNIT-V:Multiple Access Techniques

Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N with
Intermodulation TDMA Frame Structure, Demand Access Multiple Access(DAMA), Spread
Spectrum Transmission and Reception
UNIT-VI:Propagation Effects and their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links

Introduction, Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization, Atmospheric Absorption, Cloud
Attenuation, Troposphere Scintillation and Low Angle Fading, Faraday Rotation in the
atmosphere, Ionospheric Scintillation, Rain and Ice Effects, Antenna Noise, Propagation
Impairment Countermeasures.
Text Books:
1. Satellite Communications 2nd Edition, by T Pratt, C.W.Bostain, J.EAllnutt.John Willey
sons 2003.
2. Satellite communications systems: Systems, Techniques, and Technology 5th Edition
by G Maral, M.Bousquet, Z.Sun , John Willy Sons
3. Gary D Gordon and Walter L Morgan, Principles of Communication satellites, John
Wiley& Sons,1993.

Expert
Satellite Dr. Kalyankumar IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105131/

Communication Bandyopadhyay Kharagpur
Systems
IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4171 Co-operative communications 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT 1:Diversity Techniques:

Types of Diversity and Advantages of Diversity techniques, Bit error rate analysis of digital
modulation schemes for different diversity techniques. Diversity Technique over Fading
Channels in the presence of Interference.
UNIT 2:Cooperative communications:

Relay channels, Basics of cooperative communication protocols-Amplify and forward and
decode and forward, hybrid decode amplify and forward protocols.
UNIT 3:Cooperative communications with single relay:

System model ,Probability density function, cumulative distribution function and moment
generating function for harmonic distribution and minimum of exponential, and gamma
variants, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .
UNIT 4: Multi-node cooperative communications:

Multi-node amplify-and-forward system model, Dual hop-multi relay analysis, multihop
multi relay Bit error rate analysis.
UNIT 5: Cooperative communications in the presence of Interference-

System models, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .Asymptotic analysis of single and
multi-hop systems.
Optimization: optimum power allocation, optimum relay positioning schemes.
Code: EC 4172 Embedded System Design 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Introduction to Embedded System Design

Embedded Systems, Processors, Data flow, General Propose and ASIPs Processor, Designing
a Single Purpose Processor, Splitting given system in to data and control path, Optimization
Issues, Optimizing the data path, Watch Dog Timers.
UNIT-II: Introduction to FPGA

Introduction to FPGA, Behaviour Synthesis on FPGA using VHDL, Establishing
interconnections, Xlinix Spartan -3E Starter kit
UNIT-III: HDL CODING
HDL Introduction, Building Digital Systems with HDL, Motation For HDLs, Advantages of
using HDLs, HDL implementation cycle, Basic building blocks, Structure modeling,
Component Instantaion, Data Flow modeling, Vectors and Parameters, Language
Conventions.
UNIT-IV: SENSOR, A/D, D/A CONVERTERS AND ARDUINO UNO

Sensors and Signals, Acceleration Sensor, CMOS image Sensors, Biometrical Sensors,
Sensor Parameters, Discretization of Signals and A/D Converter, Quantization, SNR and
D/A Converter, Arduino Uno, Serial Communication and timers using Arduino, Controller
Design using Arduino.
UNIT-V:
Power Aware Embedded System – II, SD and DD Algorithm, Parallel Operations and VLIW,
Code Effiency, DSP Application and Address Generation Unit, Real time O.S, RMS
Algorithm, EDF Algorithm and Resource Constraint, Priority Inversion and Priority
Inheritance, Modeling and Specification,
UNIT-VI:
FSM and StateChart, Statechart and Statmate Semantics, Program State Machines, SDL, Data
Flow Model, Hardware Synthesis, Scheduling, Digital Camera Design, Digital Camera-
Iterative Design.
Reference books:
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN BY ARNOLD S. BERGER
Lecture series on Prof. Anupam IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10610515

Basu 9
Digital System
Design
IV YEAR B.TECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4173 Low Power VLSI Circuits & 3 1 0 4
Systems
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I : Basics of MOS circuits
MOS Transistor structure and device modeling , MOS Inverters, MOS Combinational
Circuits - Different Logic Families
UNIT II: Sources of Power dissipation

Dynamic Power Dissipation, Short Circuit Power, Switching Power, Glitching Power, Static
Power Dissipation, Degrees of Freedom
UNIT III: Supply Voltage Scaling Approaches

Device feature size scaling, Multi-Vdd Circuits, Architectural level approaches: Parallelism,
Pipelining, Voltage scaling using high-level transformations,Dynamic voltage scaling,Power
Management
UNIT IV: Switched Capacitance Minimization Approaches

Hardware Software Tradeoff,Bus Encoding,Two’s complement Vs Sign
Magnitude,Architectural optimization,Clock Gating,Logic styles
UNIT V: Leakage Power minimization Approaches

Variable-threshold-voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) approach,Multi-threshold-voltage CMOS
(MTCMOS) approach,Power gating,Transistor stacking,Dual-Vt assignment approach
(DTCMOS)
UNIT VI: Special Topics

Adiabatic Switching Circuits,Battery-aware Synthesis,Variation tolerant design,CAD tools
for low power synthesis
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Neil H. E. Weste and K. Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, 2nd Edition,
Addison Wesley (Indian reprint).
2. A. Bellamour, and M. I. Elmasri, Low Power VLSI CMOS Circuit Design, Kluwer
Academic Press, 1995.
3. Anantha P. Chandrakasan and Robert W. Brodersen, Low Power Digital CMOS
Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
Reference:
1. Kaushik Roy and Sharat C. Prasad, Low-Power CMOS VLSI Design, Wiley-
Interscience, 2000.

Expert
Low Power Prof Ajit Pal IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105034/
VLSI Circuits
& Systems
Code: EC 4174 Optical Communication 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Overview of Fiber-optic communications and Optical Transmiter

Optical Fiber Communication, Fundamental of FOC, Optical Transmitter block diagram,
Introduction to modulation types, Laser as a oscillator, machZehnder Interferrometer, power
and Field transfer curve of MZM, Mathematical analysis of MZM transfer function,Intensity
and phase modulationof digital Data,IQ Modulator, Intensity modulation using MZM, Pulse
carver.
UNIT-II: Review of Signal and Representations and Digital modulations and

Review of EM Theroy
Basis of Fourier transform, Complex baseband and bandpass signal, Signal as a
vector, Introduction to orthogonality of signals, ASK, BPSK, Vector space and Basis
functions, signal space, Gram-schmidt orthogonalization. Optical transmitter, QPSK,
DQPSK, M-ary PSK, Direct detection, Delay line detection, polarization of wave,
pockel’s effect, reflection of waves, Optical fiber
UNIT-III: Optical Fibers
Types of fiber, Optical window, modes in optical fiber, Soultion of EH field equation
in fiber, modes in fiber an their solution, Types of dispersion, wave guide disperstion
UNIT-IV:
Coupled mode Theroy, circulator and Isolator, Filter and FBG, Responsivity of PD, Materials
for PD, PIN photodiode, I-V Characteristics of PIN, Response time, Noise in photodiode,
Bandwidth of photodiode
UNIT-V:
Renspose time, Dark Current, Thermal noise, SNR in PD, Absorption, Spontaneous
and stimulated emission, Einstein corfficients, population inversion, LASER, direct
and indirect band gaps SC’s , Transition probability matrix, Line coding, power
spectral density of various line coding, Bandwidth of various line coding, Q-factor of
various line coding, BER of various line coding, coherent receiver, Frequency offset,
Effect of Dispersion in OFS, Disperstion Management,
UNIT-VI:
OOptical amplifiers, noise in optical amplifiers, ASE induced limitations,
Determining BER in OOK system, BER determination, Eye diagram & Higher
modulation techniques Edit Lesson, Higher modulation techniques, Optical OFDM.
Reference book :
1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 3rd
Edition,2000.
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.
Lecture series on Prof. Pradeep IIT Kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710412

Kumar K 7
Neural Networks
Code: EC 4175 Pattern Recognition 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I:
Introduction, Feature extraction introduction, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning,
Shape feature, Region features, Chain codes, Differential chain codes, Polygonal
approximation, Splitting (criterian function), Fourier descriptor, Spatial domain features,
Transfer domain features, Wavelet transformation.
UNIT-II:
Base decision theorem, Quadratic classifier, MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron), Priori
probability, Class conditional PDF, Postirior probability, Normal density and discriminant
functions, Normal and Gaussian density, Multivaried normal density, Binary features,
Maximum likelihood estimation, Probability density estimation.
UNIT-III:
Dimensionality problem, Dimensionality reduction, PCA (Principal component analysis),
Multiple discriminant analysis, Perceptron criterian, MSE criterian.
UNIT-IV:
Linear descriminator, Nueral networks for pattern recognition, Training algorithms, RBF
(Radial Basis Function neural network), Support vector machine.
UNIT-V:
Hyper box classifier, Min max hyper box, Fuzzy classification, Fuzzy min max neural
network introduction, Fuzzy min max neural network pattern recognition, Reflex fuzzy min
max neural network introduction.
UNIT-VI:
Unsupervised learning introduction and clustering, clustering using minimal spanning tree,
Temporal pattern recognition, Hidden markov model introduction.
Text Books:
1.Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart and David G. Stork, "Pattern Classification", John Wiley &
Sons, 2001.
2.Earl Gose, Richard Johsonbaugh and Steve Jost, "Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis",
Prentice Hall, 1999.
Lecture series on Prof.P.K.Biswas IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710510

1
Pattern
recognition
Code: EC 4181 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:
A Beginning with some practical situations, which call for multiresolution / multiscale
analysis and how time-frequency analysis and wavelets arise from them. Examples: Image
Compression, Wideband Correlation Processing, Magnetic Resonance imaging, Digital
communication.
UNIT-II:
Peicewise constant approximation-the Haar wavelet, Building up the concept of
dyadic multiresolution analysis (MRA), Relating dyadic MRA to filter banks, A
review of discrete signal processing, Elements of multirate systems and two-band
filter bank design for dyadic wavelets.
UNIT-III:
Families of wavelets: Orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets, Daubechies family of wavelets
in detail, Vanishing moments and regularity, Conjugate quadrature filter banks (CQF) and
their desing, Dyadic MRA more formally, Data compression-fingerprint compression
standards JPEG-2000 standards.
UNIT-IV:
The uncertainty principle and its implications : the fundamental in this subject, The important
of the Gaussian function: the gabor transform and its generalization ,time, frequency and
scale, Continuous wavelet transform (CWT).
UNIT-V:
Journey from the CWT to the DWT discretization in steps, Descretization of scale,
deiscretization of translation, Discretization of time, Goint from piecewise linear to piecewise
polynomial, The class of spline wavelets.
UNIT-VI:
Variants of the wavelet transform and its implementational structures, The wavepacket
transform, Computational efficiency in realizing filter banks-polyphase components, The
lattice structure, The lifting scheme,Applications.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Howard L.Resnikoff,Raymond,O.Wells,Wavelet analysis:The Scalable Structure of
Information, Springer,1998 Available Indian Edition.
2.Stephen Welstead,Fractal and Wavelet Image Compression Techniques,Prentice Hall of
India,New Delhi. Eastern Economy Edition, ISBN 81-203-2827-2, c 1999 by Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
Lecture series on Dr.Pushkar Senior Design http://nptel.ac.in/courses/

Patwardhan, Engineer, 117101001
Advanced Digital
Tensilica,Pune
Signal Processing Dr. Aditya
Abhayankar
Code: EC 4182 DIGITAL VOICE AND PICTURE 3 1 0 4

COMMUNICATION
SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:
Introduction, Speech production model, Speech coding, Sampling of speech, Quantizers for
speech signal, Uniform and nonuniform quantizer, Mew law and optimum quantizer,
Adaptive quantizer, Differential quantization.
UNIT-II:
Linear delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation, Differential PCM, Adaptive
prediction, Linear prediction of speech, Computational aspect of LPC (Linear Predictive
Coding) parameters, Cholasky decomposition, Lattice formulation of LPC coefficient, Linear
predictive synthesizer, LPC vocoder.
UNIT-III
Introduction to image and video coding, Lossy image compression, Discrete cosine transform
(DCT), DCT quantization and limitations, Theory of wavelets, Discrete wavelet transform,
Multi resolution analysis, DWT on the images and its encoding, Embedded zero tree wavelet
encoding.
UNIT-IV
Introduction to video coding, Basic building blocks in video coding, Conventional video and
streaming video, Hybrid video coding, Video decoding, Motion estimate technique, Fast
motion estimation technique.
UNIT-V:
Video coding standards, Advanced coding aspects, Profile and levels, Macro blocks, Slice
and slice types, Audio coding basic concepts, Audio coding AC-3 techniques, AC-3 decoding
techniques, MPEG-1 audio coding and decoding techniques.
UNIT-VI:
Introduction to VOIP, VOIP signal processing (H.323 protocol), H.323 call controls and
enhancements, Interworking with PSTN limitations and solution, Multiplexing schemes,
H.323 multiplexing, Header compression and BW, ISDN video conferencing, SIP protocol,
4G multimedia conferencing.


Expert
Lecture series on Prof.S.Sengupta IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710508
Kharagpur 1
DIGITAL VOICE
AND PICTURE
COMMUNICATION
IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-1 L T P C
Code: EC 4183 ERROR CORRECTING CODES 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:
Course overview; Basics of binary block codes for the binary symmetric channel;
Mathematical preliminaries: groups, subgroups and co sets, Linear block codes; Bounds on
the size of a block code; Bounded and maximum-likelihood decoding of binary block codes;
standard array decoding.
UNIT-II:
Basics of convolutional codes; the Viterbi decoding algorithm. The generalized distributive
law (GDL).
UNIT-III:
The GDL perspective on the Viterbi and BCJR decoding algorithms; Turbo codes in brief.,
LDPC codes.
UNIT-IV:
Fields, Polynomials rings, construction of finite fields, Deducing the structure of a finite
field, Subfields and cyclotomic co sets..
UNIT-V:
The finite field (Fourier) transform, Cyclic codes via finite field transforms, BCH and Reed-
Solomon codes, Decoding of BCH and RS codes.
Reference Books:
1. P. V. Kumar, M. Win, H-F. Lu, C. Georghiades, Â "Error-Control Coding
Techniquesand Applications", Chapter 17 in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B:
Systems and Impairments, Editors: Ivan P. Kaminow and Tingye Li, Elsevier Science
Press, 2002.
2. F. J. MacWilliams and N. J. A. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes,
North-Holland, 1977.
Video Link: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117108044/

Code: EC 4184 Neural Networks 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)

Artificial Neural Networks and Applications, ANN usefulness and capabilities, Equivalent
electrical model, Artificial Neural Model and Linear Regression, Gradient Descent
Algorithm, Nonlinear activation units and learning mechanisms, Basic learning rules,
Leaning Mechanisms(Hebbian, Competitive, Boltzmann), classifications of Synaptic
modification.
UNIT-II: Associative Memory and V.C(Vapnix and Chervonenkis) Dimensions

Stochastic learning algorithm, Characteristics of associative memory, Associative
memory model, Matrix Memory, Condition for Perfect recall, Statistical aspects of
learning, properties of regressive model, Neural measure of effectiveness, V.C
dimension, Shattering, Importance of V.C dimensions.
UNIT-III: Perception and Baye’s classifier

Single layer perception, Gauss-Newton’s method, Linear least scale filter, Ergodic process,
Least Mean Square Algorithm, Convergence Consideration in LSM algorithm, Perceptron
Convergence Theorem, Bayes classifier and Perceptron, Bayes classifier for Gaussian
distribution, Comparison between Baye’s classifier and perceptron, Multilayer
perceptron.
UNIT-IV: Back propagation algorithm

Back propagation algorithm, practical consideration in back propagation algorithm, Modes of
training, Solution of Non-Linearity separable problems using MLP, Heuristics for Back
Propagation, Mean and Variance induced local field, Multi-Class classification using Multi-
layered perceptrons.
UNIT-V: Radial Basis Function networks

Cover’s Theorem, RBF networks, separability and interpolation, types of phases, RBF
as ill-posed surface reconstruction, Regularization, Solution of regularization equation
: greens function, Use of greens function in regularization networks, Generalized
RBF, Comparison between MLP and RBF, Learning mechanisms in RBF.
UNIT-VI: Introduction principle components and analysis

Dimensionality Reduction Using PCA, Types of transformation, Hebbian-Based principle
component analysis, Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, Introduction to Self organizing maps,
Essential process in the formation of self organizing maps, Cooperative and adaptive
processes in SOM, 2-D lattice, Vector quantization using SOM, Optimum encoder and
decoder.
Text Books:
1. Fuzzy and neural approaches in engineering by Tsoukalas.
Lecture series on Prof. IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710508

S.Sengupta 4
Neural Networks
Code:EC 4185 RF IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Introduction
Block diagram or T/R module for a wireless communication system, Transmission lines, S-
parameters, Smith chart, Impedance matching, designing of lumped element L-matching
networks using a Smith chart. Wideband PI- and T-networks.
UNIT-II: Noise in Microwave Circuits

Noise in Microwave Circuits: Dynamic Range and Sources of Noise Power andEquivalent
Noise Temperature, Measurement of Noise Temperature, Noise Figure, Noise Figure of a
Cascaded System, Noise Figure of a PassiveTwo-Port Network, Noise Figure of a
mismatched Lossy Line. Dynamic Range and Intermodulation Distortion, Gain Compression
Intermodulation Distortion Third-Order Intercept Point, Intercept Point of a Cascaded
System.
UNIT – III: Active RF components

RF Diode Characteristics: Scotty Diodes and Detectors, PIN Diodes and Control Circuits
VaractorDiodes, Other Diodes. RF Transistor Characteristics: Field Effect Transistors,
BipolarJunctionTransistors (BJTs) Microwave Integrated Circuits Hybrid
MicrowaveIntegratedCircuits, Monolithic Microwave IntegratedCircuits
UNIT-IV: RF Amplifiers
Two-Port PowerGains , Stability ,StabilityCircles, Testsfor UnconditionalStability, Single-
Stage TransistorAmplifier Design ,Designfor MaximumGain(Conjugate Matching) ,Constant
Gain Circlesand Design for Specified Gain ,Low-NoiseAmplifier Design
,BroadbandTransistorAmplifier Design ,Balanced Amplifiers , Distributed Amplifiers .Power
Amplifiers Characteristics of PowerAmplifiers andAmplifier Classes, Large-Signal
Characterization of Transistors ,Design of ClassA PowerAmplifiers
UNIT-V: RF Oscillators
RF Oscillators: General Analysis Oscillators Using a Common Emitter BJT, Oscillators

Using a Common Gate FET, Practical Considerations, Crystal Oscillators,
MicrowaveOscillators, Transistor Oscillators, DielectricResonator Oscillators , Oscillator
PhaseNoise ,Representation of Phase Noise
Frequency Multipliers: Reactive Diode Multipliers (Manley-Rowe Relations) Resistive Diode
Multipliers, Transistor Multipliers.
UNIT-VI: RF Mixers
Mixer Characteristics, Single-Ended Diode Mixer, Single-Ended FET Mixer, Balanced
Mixer, Image Reject Mixer, Other Mixers,
Text Books:
1. David M Pozar , “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2005
2. Guillermo Gonzalez, “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design”,
prentice hall, 2nd Edition, 1997.
3. Behzad Razavi,”RF Microelectronics”, Prentice Hall, 1997.
Reference Books:
1. Joseph F. White , “High Frequency Techniques : An introduction to RF and
Microwave Engineering “ ,IEEE press ,John Wiley & sons ,2004
2. Christopher Bowick ,“RF Circuit Design”, Newnes, ,2nd Edition, 2007.ISBN
number:0750685182

Name Expert
Lecture series on RF Shouribrata IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102012/
Integrated Circuits Chatterjee
Lecture series on Prof. Jayanta IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101119/
Microwave Integrated Mukherjee
Circuits
IV Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code: 4291 Detection and Estimation 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Review of Gaussian variables and processes; problem formulation and objective of signal
detection and signal parameter estimation in discrete-time domain. Bayesian, minimax, and
Neyman-Pearson decision rules, likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristics,
composite hypothesis testing, locally optimum tests, detector comparison techniques,
asymptotic relative efficiency.
UNIT II:
Matched filter detector and its performance; generalized matched filter; detection of sinusoid
with unknown amplitude, phase, frequency and arrival time, linear model.
UNIT III:
Estimator-correlator, linear model, general Gaussian detection, detection of Gaussian random
signal with unknown parameters, weak signal detection.
UNIT IV:
Detection in the absence of complete statistical description of observations, sign detector,
Wilcoxon detector, detectors based on quantized observations, robustness of detectors
UNIT V:
Minimum variance unbiased estimation, Fisher information matrix, Cramer-Rao bound,
sufficient statistics, minimum statistics, complete statistics; linear models; best linear
unbiased estimation; maximum likelihood estimation, invariance principle; estimation
efficiency; Bayesian estimation: philosophy, nuisance parameters, risk functions, minimum
mean square error estimation, maximum a posteriori estimation.
UNIT VI:
Linear Bayesian estimation, Weiner filtering, dynamical signal model, discrete Kalman
filtering.
Reference Text Books:

1. H. L. Van Trees, "Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part I, II, and III", John
Wiley, NY, 1968.
2. H. V. Poor, "An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation", Springer, 2/e, 1998.
3. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory", Prentice

Hall PTR, 1993.
4. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Detection Theory", Prentice
Hall PTR, 1998.
IV year BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 4292 VLSI DSP 3 1 0 4
UNIT I:
Typical DSP Algorithms, DSP Application Demands and scaled CMOS Technologies,
Representations of DSP algorithms, Dataflow graph representations, loop bound and iteration
bound, iteration bound of multirate data-flow graphs
UNIT II:
Pipelining of FIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing, pipelining and parallel processing for
low power, retiming techniques, Unfolding: algorithm, properties, critical path, applications ,
Folding: transformation, register minimization in folding architectures, folding of multirate
systems
UNIT III:
Systolic array design methodology, FIR systolic arrays, selection of scheduling vector, matrix
multiplication and 2D systolic array design, cook-toom algorithm, winograd algorithm,
iterated convolution, cyclic convolution, design of fast algorithm by inspection
UNIT IV:
Parallel FIR filters, Discrete Cosine Transform and Inverse DCT, Parallel architectures for
rank-order filters, pipeline interleaving in digital filters, pipelining in 1st order IIR Digital
filters, pipelining in higher-order IIR digital filters, parallel processing for IIR filters, low-
power IIR filters
UNIT V:
Parallel multipliers, interleaved floor-plan and bit-plane-based digital filters, bit-serial
multipliers, bit-serial filter design and implementation, canonic signed digit arithmetic,
distributed arithmetic, redundant number representations, carry-free radix-2 addition and
subtraction, hybrid radix-4 addition, data format conversion, redundant to non redundant
converter
UNIT VI:
Synchronous pipelining and clocking styles, clock skew and clock distribution in bit-level
pipelined VLSI Designs, wave pipelining, constraint space diagram and degree of wave
pipelining , implementation of wave-pipelined systems
Textbooks:
1. U. Meyer-Baese, DSP with FPGA, Springer, 2004.

2. K. K. Parhi, VLSI DSP Systems, Wiley, 2003.
IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C
Code: EC 4293 MEASUREMENTS & 3 1 0 4

INSTRUMENTATION
SYLLABUS:
UNIT- I: Electrical Measurements

Standards of Measurement & Errors, Review of indicating and Integrating instruments
(principle of operation, different torques and etc): Voltmeter, Ammeter, Wattmeter, Multi-
meter and Energy meter.
UNIT- II: Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance

Measurement of low, Medium and high resistances, Insulation resistance measurement, AC
bridges for inductance and Capacitance measurement.
UNIT- III: Electronic Measurements

Electronic voltmeter, Multi-meter, Wattmeter & energy meter. Time, Frequency and Phase
angle measurements using CRO, Spectrum & Wave analyzer, Digital counter, Frequency
meter, Voltmeter, Multi-meter and storage oscilloscope.
UNIT- IV: Instrumentation

Transducers, Classification & selection of transducers, Strain gauges, Inductive & capacitive
transducers, Piezoelectric and Hall-effect transducers, Thermisters, Thermocouples, Photo-
diodes & photo-transistors, Encoder type digital transducers, Signal conditioning and
telemetry, Basic concepts of smart sensors and application, Data Acquisition Systems.
UNIT-V: Data Acquisition system

A/D & D/A converters, Filter, Rectifiers, Amplifiers
UNIT-VI: Instrument Transformers

Current and Potential transfers, Ratio and phase angle errors, Design considerations and
testing.
Text Books:
1. Helfrick and Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques”, Prentice-Hall of India, Reprint 1988.
2. Jones, B.E., “Instrumentation Measurement and Feedback”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1986.
3. Golding, E.W., “Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instruments”, 3rd Edition, Sir
Issac Pitman and Sons, 1960.
Reference Books:
1. Buckingham, H. and Price, E.N., “Principles of Electrical Measurements”, 1961.
2. A course in Electronic and Electrical measurements and Instrumentation (Nineteenth
Revised Edition 2011 Reprint 2014, Dhanapati Rai & Co publications) by A.K.
Sawhney.

Currently no expert online videos are available for this course
IV year BTech SEMESTER-II L T P C

ECE
CODE: EC 4294 High Performance Computer Architecture 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS
UNIT I: Review of Basic Organization and Architectural Techniques

RISC processors, Characteristics of RISC processors, RISC Vs CISC, Classification of
Instruction Set Architectures, Review of performance measurements, Basic parallel
processing techniques: instruction level, thread level and process level, classification of
parallel architectures, basic concepts of pipelining, instruction pipelines versus functional
pipelines
UNIT II: Instruction Level Parallelism

Basic concepts of pipelining, Arithmetic pipelines, Instruction pipelines, Hazards in a
pipeline:structural, data and control hazards, overview of hazard resolution techniques,
dynamic instruction scheduling, branch prediction technique
UNIT III: Memory Hierarchies

Basic concept of hierarchical memory organization, main memories, cache design and
optimization, virtual memory design and implementation, memory protection, evaluating
memory hierarchy performance, RAID
UNIT IV: Thread Level Parallelism

Centralized vs distributed shared memory, Interconnection topologies, synchronization,
memory consistency, review of modern multiprocessors
UNIT V: Process Level Parallelism

Distributed computers, Clusters, Grid, Mainframe computers
UNIT VI: Peripheral Devices

Bus structures and standards, Types and uses of storage devices, Interfacing I/O to the rest of
the system, Reliability and availability, I/O system design
Textbooks:
1. Hennessey and Patterson, "Computer Architecture: A quantitative Approach",
Morgan Kaufman.
2. SIMA, “Advanced Computer Architectures”, Addison-Wesley.

Name Expert
High Performance Prof Ajit Pal IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105033/
Computer Kharagpur
Architecture
IV year BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 4295 Introduction to machine learning 3 1 0 4
SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction, Different types of Learning, Hypothesis space and Cross-Validation, Linear Regression,
Introduction to decision trees, Learning decision trees, overfitting, Python exercise on decision trees
and linear regression
UNIT II:
K-Nearest eighbour, feature selection, feature extraction, collaborative filtering, python exercise on
Knn and PCA,
UNIT III:
Bayesian Learning, Naïve Bayes, Bayesian Network, Python exercise on Naïve Bayes
UNIT IV
Logistic regression, Introduction to Support Vector Machine, SVM: The Dual formation, SVM:
maximum margin with noise, nonlinear SVM and Kennel function, SVM: solutions to the dual
problem , Python exercise on SVM
UNIT V:
Multilayer Neural network, Neural network and backpropagation algorithm, deep neural network,
python exercise on neural network
UNIT VI:
Introduction to computational learning theory, sample complexity: finite hypothesis space, VC
Dimension, Introduction to Ensembles, Bagging and Boosting, Clustering, means clustering,
agglomerative hierarchical clustering, python exercise on clustering
Text Books:
1.Machine Learning. Tom Mitchell. First Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1997.

2. Introduction to Machine Learning Edition 2, by Ethem Alpaydin
Video References:

Name Expert
INTRODUCTION Prof.S.Sarkar Faculty in http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105152/
TO MACHINE Dept of
LEARNING CSE, IIT
Kharagpur

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech Semester - I L T P C

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

UNIT - I: Introduction to Digital image Processing and its Applications.

UNIT-II: Image Digitization

UNIT-III: Basic Transformations and Image Interpolation

UNIT-IV: Transformation , Image Enhancement and Image Restoration

UNIT-V: Colour Image Processing and Image Segmentation

UNIT-VI: Mathematical Morphology and Object Representation and Description.

Video Reference links:

Lecture series on Prof. P.K IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710507

III YEAR B.TECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

UNIT II: Design of Memories

UNIT III: Design of Arithmetic Circuits

UNIT IV: Design of a Discrete Cosine Transform and Quantization Processor

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

VLSI Circuits Prof S Srinivasan IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106092

III YEAR BTECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

UNIT I: Negative feedback systems and stability

UNIT VI: Fully differential opamp design

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Unit II: Linear Wire and Loop Antennas

Unit III: Array Antennas

Unit IV: Broad Band Antennas and Horn Antennas

Unit V: Microstrip and Reflector Antennas

Unit VI: Radio wave Propagation

Text Reference links:

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Analog modulation (Amplitude modulation, Angle modulation), analog to digital conversion,

UNIT-VI: MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS AND SECURED COMMUNICATION

Video Reference links:

COMPUTER Prof.Sujoy IIT KHARGPUR http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105081

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Review of probability basics-Random variable –probability density function, cumulative

System Performance Measures- Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) , Outage Probability ,

Fading Channel Characterization and Modeling - Characteristics of Fading Channels,

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

UNIT-III: ARM PROCESSOR

UNIT-IV: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND MEMORY

UNIT-VI: DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

1.Computers as components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Wayne

Video Reference links:

Lecture series on Dr. Santanu IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10810204

COURSE TITLE: MEMS and Micro Systems

III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Video Reference links:

III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: 3241 Information Theory and 3 1 0 4

Video Content: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101053/

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3242 PRINCIPLES OF RADAR 4 0 0 4

UNIT - I: RADAR BASICS

Introduction ,Radar band designations, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Simple form of

UNIT - II: CW AND FM RADAR

UNIT – III: MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

UNIT – IV:TRACKING RADAR

UNIT –V: DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE