Designation: C33/C33M − 13

Standard Specification for

Concrete Aggregates1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C33/C33M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2 and Voids in Aggregate
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete
for Concrete
supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document
C87 Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine
describing the material to be furnished.
Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
NOTE 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfac- C88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
tory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be
considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made C123 Test Method for Lightweight Particles in Aggregate
available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
chemical properties, or combination thereof. gregates
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications C131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Angeles Machine
Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the pro- Aggregates
portions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of C142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
blending aggregate sizes if required or approved. Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each C289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Aggregates (Chemical Method)
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
with the standard. crete Aggregates
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes C295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes Concrete
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
as requirements of this standard. Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
tural Concrete
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Masonry Units
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C33/C33M–11A. DOI:
3
10.1520/C0033_C0033M-13. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
For lightweight aggregates, see Specifications C330, C331, and C332; for contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
heavyweight aggregates see Specification C637 and Descriptive Nomenclature Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C638. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 C33/C33M − 13
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat- 4. Ordering and Specifying Information
ing Concrete 4.1 The direct purchaser of aggregates shall include the
C342 Test Method for Potential Volume Change of Cement- information in 4.2 in the purchase order as applicable. A project
Aggregate Combinations (Withdrawn 2001)4 specifier shall include in the project documents information to
C441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground describe the aggregate to be used in the project from the
Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of applicable items in 4.3.
Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
C535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large- 4.2 Include in the purchase order for aggregates the follow-
Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los ing information, as applicable:
Angeles Machine 4.2.1 Reference to this specification, as C33____,
C586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbon- 4.2.2 Whether the order is for fine aggregate or for coarse
ate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-Cylinder aggregate,
Method) 4.2.3 Quantity, in metric tons or tons,
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements 4.2.4 When the order is for fine aggregate:
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined 4.2.4.1 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 7.3
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete applies,
C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding 4.2.4.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1)
Concrete which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfate
C638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre- or magnesium sulfate shall be used,
gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete 4.2.4.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than 75-µm
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to (No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If not stated, the 3.0 % limit shall
Rapid Freezing and Thawing apply,
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and 4.2.4.4 The appropriate limit for coal and lignite (see Table
Mortars 2). If not stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply,
C1105 Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due to 4.2.5 When the order is for coarse aggregate:
Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction 4.2.5.1 The grading (size number) (see 10.1 and Table 3), or
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement alternate grading as agreed between the purchaser and aggre-
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious gate supplier.
Mixtures 4.2.5.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4),
C1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag- 4.2.5.3 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 11.2
gregates (Mortar-Bar Method) applies,
C1293 Test Method for Determination of Length Change of 4.2.5.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table
Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction 4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium
C1567 Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali- sulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be used, and
Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Mate- 4.2.6 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (see
rials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method) Note 1).
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates 4.3 Include in project specifications for aggregates the
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils following information, as applicable:
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and 4.3.1 Reference to this specification, as C33____.
Fine Aggregate 4.3.2 When the aggregate being described is fine aggregate:
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma- 4.3.2.1 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 7.3
terials applies,
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
2.2 Other Standards:
AASHTO T 330 Method of Test for the Qualitative Detec- TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Fine Aggregate
tion of Harmful Clays of the Smectite Group in Aggre- Sieve (Specification E11) Percent Passing
gates Using Methylene Blue5 9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.) 100
4.75-mm (No. 4) 95 to 100
2.36-mm (No. 8) 80 to 100
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3. Terminology 1.18-mm (No. 16) 50 to 85

600-µm (No. 30) 25 to 60
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to 300-µm (No. 50) 5 to 30
Terminology C125. 150-µm (No. 100) 0 to 10
75-µm (No. 200) 0 to 3.0A,B
A
For concrete not subject to abrasion, the limit for material finer than the 75-µm
(No. 200) sieve shall be 5.0 % maximum.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on B
For manufactured fine aggregate, if the material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200)
www.astm.org. sieve consists of dust of fracture, essentially free of clay or shale, this limit shall be
5
AASHTO Standard Specifications, Part 2B: Tests. Available from American 5.0 % maximum for concrete subject to abrasion, and 7.0 % maximum for concrete
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. not subject to abrasion.
Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.transportation.org.

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 C33/C33M − 13
TABLE 2 Limits for Deleterious Substances in Fine Aggregate for those shown in 6.1, and its fineness modulus shall be not less
Concrete than 2.3 nor more than 3.1.
Mass Percent
Item of Total Sample, 6.3 Fine aggregate failing to meet these grading require-
max ments shall meet the requirements of this section provided that
Clay lumps and friable particles 3.0 the supplier can demonstrate to the purchaser or specifier that
Coal and lignite:
Where surface appearance of concrete 0.5
concrete of the class specified, made with fine aggregate under
is of importance consideration, will have relevant properties (see Note 5) at
All other concrete 1.0 least equal to those of concrete made with the same
ingredients, with the exception that the reference fine aggregate
shall be selected from a source having an acceptable perfor-
4.3.2.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1) mance record in similar concrete construction.
which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfate NOTE 3—Manufactured fine aggregate having elevated proportions of
or magnesium sulfate shall be used. material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve may need further evaluation to
4.3.2.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than the ensure that material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve is essentially
75-µm (No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If not stated, the 3.0 % composed of dust of fracture derived from the parent rock in the crushing
operation, and does not contain an appreciable level of clay minerals or
limit shall apply, and other deleterious constituents as described in Descriptive Nomenclature
4.3.2.4 The limit that applies with regard to coal and lignite C294. Because some of the dust of fracture may occur in the clay size
(Table 2). If not stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply. range, defined here as material finer than 2 µm, care must be taken to
4.3.3 When the aggregate being described is coarse properly differentiate these clay-sized materials from clay minerals.
aggregate, include: Natural fine aggregate with elevated proportions of material passing the
75-µm (No. 200) sieve may have higher potential for clay mineral content.
4.3.3.1 The nominal maximum size or sizes permitted, Various means are available for characterizing these fines, such as
based on thickness of section or spacing of reinforcing bars or petrographic analysis (Guide C295), sand equivalent determination (Test
other criteria. In lieu of stating the nominal maximum size, the Method D2419), hydrometer analysis (Test Method D422), methylene
specifier shall designate an appropriate size number or numbers blue adsorption determination (AASHTO T 330) and X-ray diffraction
(see 10.1 and Table 3). Designation of a size number to indicate analysis. While these techniques are useful for investigative purposes, no
specific limits have been established for prediction of performance of
a nominal size shall not restrict the person responsible for these materials in concrete under various intended service conditions.
selecting proportions from combining two or more gradings of Methylene blue adsorption and hydrometer analyses are believed to be
aggregate to obtain a desired grading, provided that the two relatively quick and reliable tests for characterization of material
gradings are not otherwise restricted by the project specifier passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve to determine suitability for use in
concrete. Research (6,7) has indicated that manufactured fine aggregate
and the nominal maximum size indicated by the size number is
with less than 4 % by mass finer than 2 µm, and with methylene blue
not exceeded, adsorption values less than 5 mg/g generally is suitable for use in concrete.
4.3.3.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4), Fine aggregate that exceeds these values also may be suitable for use
4.3.3.3 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 11.2 provided that fresh and hardened concrete properties are shown to be
applies, acceptable.
NOTE 4—Fine aggregate that conforms to the grading requirements of
4.3.3.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table
a specification, prepared by another organization such as a state transpor-
4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium tation agency, which is in general use in the area, should be considered as
sulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be used, and having a satisfactory service record with regard to those concrete
4.3.4 The person responsible for selecting the concrete properties affected by grading.
proportions if other than the concrete producer. NOTE 5—Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete that
are important to the particular application being considered. STP 169D6

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4.3.5 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (see
provides a discussion of important concrete properties.
Note 1).
6.4 For continuing shipments of fine aggregate from a given
FINE AGGREGATE source, the fineness modulus shall not vary more than 0.20
from the base fineness modulus. The base fineness modulus
5. General Characteristics shall be that value that is typical of the source. The purchaser
5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufac- or specifier has the authority to approve a change in the base
tured sand, or a combination thereof. fineness modulus.

6. Grading NOTE 6—The base fineness modulus should be determined from

previous tests, or if no previous tests exist, from the average of the
6.1 Sieve Analysis—Fine aggregate, except as provided in fineness modulus values for the first ten samples (or all preceding samples
6.2 and 6.3 shall be graded within the limits in Table 1. if less than ten) on the order. The proportioning of a concrete mixture may
NOTE 2—Concrete with fine aggregate gradings near the minimums for be dependent on the base fineness modulus of the fine aggregate to be
percent passing the 300 µm (No.50) and 150 µm (No.100) sometimes have used. Therefore, when it appears that the base fineness modulus is
difficulties with workability, pumping or excessive bleeding. The addition considerably different from the value used in the concrete mixture, a
of entrained air, additional cement, or the addition of an approved mineral suitable adjustment in the mixture may be necessary.
admixture to supply the deficient fines, are methods used to alleviate such
difficulties.
6.2 The fine aggregate shall have not more than 45 % 6
Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete Making
passing any sieve and retained on the next consecutive sieve of Materials, STP 169D, ASTM, 2006.

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TABLE 3 Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregates

Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square-Openings), Mass Percent
Nominal Size
Size Number (Sieves with 100 90 mm 75 mm 63 mm 50 mm 37.5 mm 25.0 mm 19.0 mm 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 1.18 mm 300 µm
Square Openings) mm (31⁄2 in.) (3 in.) (21⁄2 in.) (2 in.) (11⁄2 in.) (1 in.) (3⁄4 in.) (1⁄2 in.) (3⁄8 in.) (No. 4) (No. 8) (No. 16) (No.50)
(4 in.)
1 90 to 37.5 mm 100 90 to 100 ... 25 to 60 ... 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ... ...
(31⁄2 to 11⁄2 in.)

2 63 to 37.5 mm ... ... 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ... ...
(21⁄2 to 11⁄2 in.)

3 50 to 25.0 mm ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ...
(2 to 1 in.)

357 50 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 35 to 70 ... 10 to 30 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ...
(2 in. to No. 4)

4 37.5 to 19.0 mm ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ...
(11⁄2 to 3⁄4 in.)

467 37.5 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 35 to 70 ... 10 to 30 0 to 5 ... ... ...
(11⁄2 in. to No. 4)

C33/C33M − 13
5 25.0 to 12.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ... ... ...
(1 to 1⁄2 in.)
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56 25.0 to 9.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 40 to 85 10 to 40 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ... ...
(1 to 3⁄8 in.)

57 25.0 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 25 to 60 ... 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ...
(1 in. to No. 4)

6 19.0 to 9.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ... ...
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(3⁄4 to 3⁄8 in.)

67 19.0 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 ... 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ...
(3⁄4 in. to No. 4)

7 12.5 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 40 to 70 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ...
(1⁄2 in. to No. 4)

8 9.5 to 2.36 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 85 to 100 10 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5 ...
(3⁄8 in. to No. 8)

89 9.5 to 1.18 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 5 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5
( 3⁄8 in. to No. 16)

9A 4.75 to 1.18 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 85 to 100 10 to 40 0 to 10 0 to 5
(No. 4 to No. 16)
A
Size number 9 aggregate is defined in Terminology C125 as a fine aggregate. It is included as a coarse aggregate when it is combined with a size number 8 material to create a size number 89, which is a coarse
aggregate as defined by Terminology C125.

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TABLE 4 Limits for Deleterious Substances and Physical Property Requirements of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for the location of the weathering regions and Note 10 for guidance in using the map. The weathering regions are defined as follows:
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(S) Severe Weathering Region—A cold climate where concrete is exposed to deicing chemicals or other aggressive agents, or
where concrete may become saturated by continued contact with moisture or free water prior to repeated freezing and thawing.
(M) Moderate Weathering Region—A climate where occasional freezing is expected, but where concrete in outdoor service will not
be continually exposed to freezing and thawing in the presence of moisture or to deicing chemicals.
(N) Negligible Weathering Region—A climate where concrete is rarely exposed to freezing in the presence of moisture.
Maximum Allowable, %
Sum of Clay
Lumps, Fri-
Material
Class Type or Location of Concrete Clay able Magnesium
Chert (Less Finer
Designation Construction Lumps and Particles, Coal and Sulfate
Than 2.40 sp Than 75-µm AbrasionA
Friable Par- and Lignite Soundness
gr SSD) (No. 200)
ticles Chert (Less (5 cycles)B
Sieve
Than 2.40 sp
gr SSD)
Severe Weathering Regions
1S Footings, foundations, columns and 10.0 ... ... 1.0C 1.0 50 ...
beams not exposed to the weather, in-
terior floor slabs to be given coverings
2S Interior floors without coverings 5.0 ... ... 1.0C 0.5 50 ...
3S Foundation walls above grade, retaining 5.0 5.0 7.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
walls, abutments, piers, girders, and
beams exposed to the weather
4S Pavements, bridge decks, driveways 3.0 5.0 5.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
and curbs, walks, patios, garage floors,

C33/C33M − 13
exposed floors and porches, or water-
front structures, subject to frequent
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wetting
5S Exposed architectural 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
or decorative concrete
Moderate Weathering Regions
1M Footings, foundations, columns, and 10.0 ... ... 1.0C 1.0 50 ...
beams not exposed to the weather, in-
terior floor slabs to be given coverings
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2M Interior floors without coverings 5.0 ... ... 1.0C 0.5 50 ...
3M Foundation walls above grade, retaining 5.0 8.0 10.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
walls, abutments, piers, girders, and
beams exposed to the weather
4M Pavements, bridge decks, driveways 5.0 5.0 7.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
and curbs, walks, patios, garage floors, exposed floors
and porches, or water-
front structures subject to frequent wet-
ting
5M Exposed architectural 3.0 3.0 5.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
or decorative concrete
Negligible Weathering Regions
1N Slabs subject to traffic abrasion, bridge 5.0 ... ... 1.0C 0.5 50 ...
decks, floors, sidewalks, pavements
C
2N All other classes of concrete 10.0 ... ... 1.0 1.0 50 ...
A
Crushed air-cooled blast-furnace slag is excluded from the abrasion requirements. The rodded or jigged bulk density (unit weight) of crushed air-cooled blast-furnace slag shall be not less than 1120 kg/m3 [70 lb/ft3].
The grading of slag used in the bulk density (unit weight) test shall conform to the grading to be used in the concrete. Abrasion loss of gravel, crushed gravel, or crushed stone shall be determined on the test size or
sizes most nearly corresponding to the grading or gradings to be used in the concrete. When more than one grading is to be used, the limit on abrasion loss shall apply to each.
B
The allowable limits for soundness shall be 12 % if sodium sulfate is used.
C
This percentage under either of the following conditions: (1) is permitted to be increased to 1.5 if the material is essentially free of clay or shale; or (2) if the source of the fine aggregate to be used in the concrete is
known to contain less than the specified maximum amount passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve Table 1 the percentage limit (L) on the amount in the coarse aggregate is permitted to be increased to L = 1 + [(P)/(100 − P)]
(T − A), where P = percentage of sand in the concrete as a percent of total aggregate, T = the Table 1 limit for the amount permitted in the fine aggregate, and A = the actual amount in the fine aggregate. (This provides
a weighted calculation designed to limit the maximum mass of material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in the concrete to that which would be obtained if both the fine and coarse aggregate were supplied at the
maximum tabulated percentage for each of these ingredients.)
 C33/C33M − 13
7. Deleterious Substances NOTE 7—Although crushed hydraulic-cement concrete has been used as
an aggregate with reported satisfactory results, its use may require some
7.1 The amount of deleterious substances in fine aggregate additional precautions. Mixing water requirements may be increased
shall not exceed the limits prescribed in Table 2. because of the harshness of the aggregate. Partially deteriorated concrete,
used as aggregate, may reduce freeze-thaw resistance, affect air void
7.2 Organic Impurities: properties or degrade during handling, mixing, or placing. Crushed
7.2.1 Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of concrete may have constituents that would be susceptible to alkali-
organic impurities. Except as herein provided, aggregates aggregate reactivity or sulfate attack in the new concrete or may bring
subjected to the test for organic impurities and producing a sulfates, chlorides, or organic material to the new concrete in its pore
color darker than the standard shall be rejected. structure.
7.2.2 Use of a fine aggregate failing in the test is not 10. Grading
prohibited, provided that the discoloration is due principally to
the presence of small quantities of coal, lignite, or similar 10.1 Coarse aggregates shall conform to the requirements
discrete particles. prescribed in Table 3 for the size number specified.
7.2.3 Use of a fine aggregate failing in the test is not NOTE 8—The ranges shown in Table 3 are by necessity very wide in
prohibited, provided that, when tested for the effect of organic order to accommodate nationwide conditions. For quality control of any
impurities on strength of mortar, the relative strength at 7 days, specific operation, a producer should develop an average grading for the
particular source and production facilities, and should control the produc-
calculated in accordance with Test Method C87, is not less than

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tion gradings within reasonable tolerances from this average. Where
95 %. coarse aggregate size numbers 357 or 467 are used, the aggregate should
7.3 Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to be furnished in at least two separate sizes.
wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact 11. Deleterious Substances
with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are
deleteriously reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an 11.1 Except for the provisions of 11.3, the limits given in
amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or Table 4 shall apply for the class of coarse aggregate designated
concrete, except that if such materials are present in injurious in the purchase order or other document (see Note 9 and Note
amounts, use of the fine aggregate is not prohibited when used 10). If the class is not specified, the requirements for Class 3S,
with a cement containing less than 0.60 % alkalies calculated 3M, or 1N shall apply in the severe, moderate, and negligible
as sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O + 0.658K2O), if there is a weathering regions, respectively (see Table 4 and Fig. 1).
satisfactory service record evaluation, or with the addition of a NOTE 9—The specifier of the aggregate should designate the class of
material that has been shown to prevent harmful expansion due coarse aggregate to be used in the work, based on weathering severity,
to the alkali-aggregate reaction. (See Appendix X1, X1.1.2, abrasion, and other factors of exposure (see Table 4 and Fig. 1) . The limits
for coarse aggregate corresponding to each class designation are expected
X1.1.3) to ensure satisfactory performance in concrete for the respective type and
location of construction. Selecting a class with unduly restrictive limits
8. Soundness may result in unnecessary cost if materials meeting those requirements are
8.1 Except as provided in 8.2 and 8.3, fine aggregate not locally available. Selecting a class with lenient limits may result in
unsatisfactory performance and premature deterioration of the concrete.
subjected to five cycles of the soundness test shall have a While concrete in different parts of a single structure may be adequately
weighted average loss not greater than 10 % when sodium made with different classes of coarse aggregate, the specifier may wish to
sulfate is used or 15 % when magnesium sulfate is used. require the coarse aggregate for all concrete to conform to the same more
restrictive class to reduce the chance of furnishing concrete with the
8.2 Fine aggregate failing to meet the requirements of 8.1 wrong class of aggregate, especially on smaller projects.
shall be regarded as meeting the requirements of this section NOTE 10—For coarse aggregate in concrete exposed to weathering, the
provided that the supplier demonstrates to the purchaser or map with the weathering regions shown in Fig. 1 is intended to serve only
specifier that concrete of comparable properties, made from as a guide to probable weathering severity. Those undertaking
construction, especially near the boundaries of weathering regions, should
similar aggregate from the same source, has given satisfactory consult local weather bureau records for amount of winter precipitation
service when exposed to weathering similar to that to be and number of freeze-thaw cycles to be expected, for determining the
encountered. weathering severity for establishing test requirements of the coarse
aggregate. For construction at altitudes exceeding 1520 m [5000 ft] above
8.3 Fine aggregate not having a demonstrable service record sea level, the likelihood of more severe weathering than indicated by the
and failing to meet the requirements of 8.1 shall be regarded as map should be considered. In arid areas, severity of weathering may be
meeting the requirements of this section provided that the less than that indicated. In either case, the definitions of weathering
supplier demonstrates to the purchaser or specifier it gives severity in Table 4 would govern. If there is doubt in choosing between
satisfactory results in concrete subjected to freezing and two regions, select the more severe weathering region.
thawing tests (see Test Method C666/C666M). 11.2 Coarse aggregate for use in concrete that will be
subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or
COARSE AGGREGATE contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that
are deleteriously reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an
9. General Characteristics amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or
9.1 Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, concrete except that if such materials are present in injurious
crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed amounts, the coarse aggregate is not prohibited when used with
hydraulic-cement concrete (see Note 7), or a combination a cement containing less than 0.60 % alkalies calculated as
thereof, conforming to the requirements of this specification. sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O + 0.658K2O), if there is a

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 C33/C33M − 13

FIG. 1 Location of Weathering Regions

satisfactory service record evaluation, or with the addition of a other test procedures and the evaluation of potential alkali
--`,,,``,`,,```,`,,,,,,```,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

material that has been shown to prevent harmful expansion due reactivity, when required, use independent test specimens.
to the alkali-aggregate reaction. (See Appendix X1, X1.1.2,
NOTE 11—The material used for the soundness test requires resieving to
X1.1.3) allow proper test specimen preparation as specified in Test Method C88.
11.3 Coarse aggregate having test results exceeding the
12.1.1 Sampling—Practice D75 and Practice D3665.
limits specified in Table 4 shall be regarded as meeting the
requirements of this section provided the supplier demonstrates 12.1.2 Grading and Fineness Modulus—Test Method C136.
to the purchaser or specifier that concrete made with similar 12.1.3 Amount of Material Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
aggregate from the same source has given satisfactory service Sieve—Test Method C117.
when exposed in a similar manner to that to be encountered; or, 12.1.4 Organic Impurities—Test Method C40.
in the absence of a demonstrable service record, provided that 12.1.5 Effect of Organic Impurities on Strength—Test
the aggregate produces concrete having satisfactory relevant Method C87.
properties (see Note 5). 12.1.6 Soundness—Test Method C88.
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 12.1.7 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles— Test Method
C142.
12. Methods of Sampling and Testing 12.1.8 Coal and Lignite—Test Method C123, using a liquid
of 2.0 specific gravity to remove the particles of coal and
12.1 Sample and test the aggregates in accordance with the
lignite. Only material that is brownish-black, or black, shall be
following methods, except as otherwise provided in this
considered coal or lignite. Coke shall not be classed as coal or
specification. Make the required tests on test specimens that
lignite.
comply with requirements of the designated test methods. It is
not prohibited to use the same test specimen for sieve analysis 12.1.9 Bulk Density (Unit Weight) of Slag—Test Method
and for determination of material finer than the 75-µm (No. C29/C29M.
200) sieve. The use of separated sizes from the sieve analysis 12.1.10 Abrasion of Coarse Aggregate—Test Method C131
is acceptable for soundness or abrasion tests, however, addi- or Test Method C535.
tional test specimen preparation is required (see Note 11). For 12.1.11 Reactive Aggregates—See Appendix X1.

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 C33/C33M − 13
12.1.12 Freezing and Thawing—Procedures for making 13. Keywords
freezing and thawing tests of concrete are described in Test 13.1 aggregates; coarse aggregate; concrete aggregates; fine
Method C666/C666M. aggregate
12.1.13 Chert—Test Method C123 is used to identify par-
ticles in a sample of coarse aggregate lighter than 2.40 specific
gravity, and Guide C295 to identify which of the particles in
the light fraction are chert.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. METHODS FOR EVALUATING POTENTIAL FOR DELETERIOUS EXPANSION DUE TO ALKALI REACTIVITY OF AN
AGGREGATE

X1.1 Introduction X1.2 Background

X1.1.1 Laboratory Methods—Many test methods for evalu- X1.2.1 Background information on alkali-aggregate reac-
ating the potential for deleterious expansion due to alkali tion can be found in Ref (1)7, Descriptive Nomenclature C294,
reactivity of an aggregate have been proposed and some have and Guide C295 as discussed as follows. Additional discussion
been adopted as ASTM standards. However, there is no general is included in Refs (2) (3). These references address both
agreement on the relation between the results of these tests and alkali-silica reaction and alkali-carbonate rock reaction.
the amount of expansion to be expected or tolerated in service. X1.2.1.1 Descriptive Nomenclature C294 for Constituents
Therefore, evaluation of the suitability of an aggregate should of Concrete Aggregates—This nomenclature provides descrip-
be based upon judgment, interpretation of test data, and results tions of constituents of mineral aggregates and includes dis-
of examinations of concrete structures containing the same cussion of which have been associated with deleterious expan-
aggregates and similar cementitious materials having similar sion due to alkali reaction.
levels of alkalies. Results of the tests referred to in this X1.2.1.2 Guide C295 (Petrographic Examination of
appendix may assist in making the evaluation. When interpret- Aggregates)—This guide outlines the procedures for examin-
ing expansion of laboratory specimens, consideration should ing an aggregate sample or a sample from a potential aggregate
be given not only to expansion values at specific ages, but also source to determine whether substances that are potentially
to the shape of the expansion curve, which may indicate deleteriously reactive are present; and, if so, in what amounts.
whether the expansion is leveling off or continuing at a X1.2.1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction—Certain materials are
constant or accelerating rate. known to be potentially deleteriously alkali-silica reactive.
X1.1.2 Service Record Evaluation—Valid, comparable con- These include forms of silica such as opal, chalcedony,
crete service record data, if available, should take precedence tridymite, and cristobalite; cryptocrystalline and
over laboratory test results in most cases. To be considered microcrystalline, strained, or highly fractured quartz; and
valid, a record of satisfactory service should be available for at intermediate to acid (silica-rich) volcanic glass such as is likely
least 10 years for aggregates, cementitious materials, and to occur in rhyolite, andesite, or dacite. Determination of the
exposures sufficiently similar to those in which an aggregate is presence and quantities of these materials by petrographic
being considered for future use. Longer periods of documented examination is helpful in evaluating potential alkali reactivity.
service may be required for proposed work designed for a An aggregate can be potentially deleteriously reactive when
particularly long service life in moist conditions, or if labora- some of these materials, such as opal, are present in very small
tory test results show that the aggregate may be deleteriously quantities (for example, 1 %).
reactive. X1.2.1.4 Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction—The reaction of
dolomite in certain carbonate rocks with alkalies has been
X1.1.3 Mitigation of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction—If an ag- associated with deleterious expansion of concrete containing
gregate has been judged to be potentially deleteriously reactive such rocks as coarse aggregate. The most rapidly reactive
in concrete either through laboratory or service record carbonate rocks possess a characteristic texture in which
evaluation, use of the aggregate should be considered with
--`,,,``,`,,```,`,,,,,,```,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

relatively large crystals of dolomite are scattered in a finer-

measures known to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali- grained matrix of calcite and clay. These rocks also have a
aggregate reaction. See the mitigation sections in this appendix
under X1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction and X1.4 Alkali-Carbonate
Rock Reaction and References cited for discussion of preven- 7
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
tion strategies for new concrete. this standard.

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 C33/C33M − 13
composition in which the carbonate portion consists of sub- mance Specification C1157 with Option R. These procedures
stantial amounts of both dolomite and calcite, and the acid- are similar to the provisions of Test Method C441 discussed as
insoluble residue contains a significant amount of clay. Certain follows for mineral admixtures and ground slag.
purely dolomitic rocks also may produce slow expansion in
concrete. X1.3.3 Test Method C342 (Mortar Bars Subjected to
Changes in Moisture and Temperature)—This withdrawn test
X1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction method was intended for research concerning the potential
expansion of cement-aggregate combinations involving se-
X1.3.1 Test Method C289 (Chemical Method)—The results lected aggregates found in parts of Oklahoma, Kansas,
of the test are values for the quantities of dissolved silica (Sc) Nebraska, and Iowa. Due to the specimen conditioning
and reduction in alkalinity (Rc) for each of the three test
procedures, the expansion of mortar bars in this test method
portions from the prepared aggregate test sample. Aggregates
may not be related to alkali-silica reaction under normal-
represented by plotted points (Sc, Rc), which lie on the
temperature conditioning. Data on the use of this test method
deleterious side of the solid curve of Fig. X1.1 of Test Method
C289 usually should be considered potentially reactive. Three are given in the references cited in a footnote in the test
regions are delineated in the figure: (1) aggregates considered method. It is indicated that cement-aggregate combinations
innocuous; (2) aggregates considered potentially deleterious; tested by this procedure in which expansion equals or exceeds
and (3) aggregates considered deleterious. Aggregates repre- 0.20 % at an age of 1 year may be considered unsatisfactory for
sented by points lying in the potentially deleterious region use in concrete exposed to wide variations of temperature and
above the dashed line in Fig. X1.1 of Test Method C289 may degree of saturation with water. This test method is not
give relatively low expansions in mortar or concrete even recommended for use in regions other than previously cited.
though they are extremely reactive with alkalies. The test can X1.3.4 Test Method C1260 (Mortar-Bar Method for Poten-
be made quickly and can provide helpful information, except
tial Alkali Reactivity of Aggregate)—This test method is an
for slowly reactive rocks such as some granitic gneiss and
accelerated screening technique developed for the detection of
quartzite. Also, as pointed out in the appendix to Test Method
materials that develop deleterious expansions slowly over a
C289, the results may not be correct for aggregates containing
carbonates or magnesium silicates, such as antigorite long period of time. Some aggregates that perform well in the
(serpentine), or constituents producing late-slow reactivity. See field have been shown to fail this test (4, 5). Results of this test
the appendix to Test Method C289 for a discussion of the method should not be used for rejection of aggregates unless it
interpretation of results and applicable references. If test results has been established using the sources of supplementary
indicate deleterious or potentially deleterious character, the information cited in the test method that the detected expansion
aggregates should be tested in accordance with Test Methods is actually due to alkali-silica reaction. There is good agree-
C227 or C1293 to verify the potential for expansion in ment in the published literature cited in the test method for the
concrete. expansion limits: (1) expansions of less than 0.10 % at 16 days
after casting are indicative of innocuous behavior in most
X1.3.2 Test Method C227 (Mortar-Bar Method for Cement-
Aggregate Combinations)—The results of this test method, cases; (2) expansions of more than 0.20 % at 16 days are
when a high-alkali cement is used, furnish information on the indicative of potentially deleterious expansion; and (3) expan-
likelihood of potentially deleterious expansion occurring. The sions between 0.10 and 0.20 % at 16 days include both
alkali content of the portland cement should be at least 0.8 %, aggregates that are known to be innocuous and deleterious in
expressed as percent sodium oxide equivalent (%Na2O + 0.658 field performance. If test results indicate expansion greater
× %K2O). Combinations of aggregate and cementitious mate- than 0.10 % at 16 days, the aggregate should be tested in
rials that have produced excessive expansions in this test accordance with Test Method C1293 unless appropriate field
method should be considered potentially reactive. While the experience demonstrates that it does not cause deleterious
line of demarcation between innocuous and potentially delete- expansion in concrete. (See X1.3.6.)
rious combinations is not clearly defined, expansion is gener-
X1.3.5 Test Method C1293 (Concrete Prism Method for
ally considered to be excessive if it exceeds 0.05 % at 3 months
Alkali-Silica Reactivity)—The test method evaluates the aggre-
or 0.10 % at 6 months. Expansions greater than 0.05 % at 3
months should not be considered excessive when the 6-month gates independently, or combinations of aggregate with cemen-
expansion remains below 0.10 %. Data for the 3-month tests titious materials composted of hydraulic cement and pozzolan
should be considered only when 6-month results are not or ground granulated blast-furnace slag for potential alkali-
available. The limits may not be conservative for slowly silica reaction expansion using concrete prisms. The test
reactive aggregates. Test Method C227 is not suitable for method is accelerated by using an elevated alkali content and
slowly reactive aggregates, and its use for this purpose is not Test Method C227 exposure conditions. The appendix to Test
advised (1, 2). Aggregates suspected of being slowly reactive Method C1293 provides guidance on interpretation of the
should be evaluated using Test Method C1260 or Test Method results. When evaluating aggregates independently, those with
C1293. Test Method C227 is also used with a specific reactive expansions equal to or greater than 0.04 % at one year are
glass aggregate to verify the mitigation effectiveness of considered potentially deleteriously reactive. When evaluating
blended cements meeting Specification C595, with the Table 2 combinations of hydraulic cement and pozzolan or ground
optional mortar expansion requirement, and meeting Perfor- granulated blast-furnace slag, the test is extended to two years
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 C33/C33M − 13
using the 0.04 % expansion limit. This test method is consid- with cementitious materials composed of hydraulic cement and
ered to be the most reliable procedure among ASTM Test pozzolans or ground granulated blast-furnace slag under stor-
Methods for the evaluation of aggregates for alkali-silica age conditions described in Test Method C1260. Because
reaction. mortar specimens are stored in 1N NaOH solution, the test may
X1.3.6 Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction—Normally if an underestimate the effectiveness of cementitious materials that
aggregate is shown to be nonreactive or innocuous by produc- rely to a significant degree on low alkali content for mitigation.
ing little or no expansion in Test Method C1260 or Test Method In general, expansions less than 0.10 % at 16 days are
C1293, no mitigation is necessary. Similarly, if the aggregate considered to indicate effective control of potential ASR-
has a long satisfactory service record with similar cementitious related expansion of the aggregate by the specific combination
materials having similar or higher alkali levels, no mitigation is of cementitious materials.
necessary. On the other hand, use of aggregates judged to be X1.3.9 The use of Test Method C1293 to evaluate the
potentially deleteriously alkali-silica reactive should be con- mitigation of potentially reactive aggregates is discussed in
sidered with the use of measures known to prevent excessive X1.3.5.
expansion. These include measures such as: low-alkali cement
(Specification C150 with the low-alkali option); blended ce- X1.4 Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction
ments (Specification C595 with the Table 2 optional mortar
expansion requirement or Performance Specification C1157 X1.4.1 Test Method C586 (Rock Cylinders Method for
with Option R); pozzolanic materials (meeting the optional Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction)—Rocks that are capable of
physical requirement on effectiveness in controlling alkali- potentially deleterious carbonate rock reaction are relatively
silica reaction in Specification C618 or reactivity with cement infrequent and seldom constitute a significant proportion of a
alkalies in Specification C1240 for silica fume); or ground slag deposit of rock being considered for use in making aggregate
(shown to be effective in preventing excessive expansion of for concrete. Test Method C586 has been successfully used in
concrete due to alkali-aggregate reaction as discussed in research and in preliminary screening of aggregate sources to
Appendix X3 of Specification C989). The effectiveness of the indicate the presence of material with a potential for deleteri-
cementitious materials or admixtures, or both, chosen to ous expansions when used in concrete.
mitigate a potentially reactive aggregate should be demon- X1.4.2 Test Method C1105 (Concrete-Prism Method for
strated through tests of the individual materials, or tests of the Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction)—This test method is in-
proposed combination in concrete. tended to evaluate specific combinations of materials in con-
X1.3.7 Test Method C441 (Mortar-Bar Method for Effec- crete when the aggregate is regarded as susceptible to delete-
tiveness of Mineral Admixtures or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag rious expansion in service due to the alkali-carbonate rock
in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the reaction. The appendix to Test Method C1105 provides general
Alkali-Silica Reaction)—This test method evaluates cementi- information and references concerning the interpretation of
tious materials in mortar bars as in Test Method C227 using results. A cement-aggregate combination might reasonably be
highly-reactive borosilicate glass as the aggregate. Specifica- classified as potentially deleteriously reactive if the average
tion C618 provides a criterion for its use as applied to fly ash expansion of six concrete specimens is equal to or greater than:
and raw or calcined natural pozzolans when sampled and tested 0.015 % at 3 months; 0.025 % at 6 months; or 0.030 % at 1
in accordance with Test Methods C311 by comparison with a year. Data for later ages are preferred.
control mortar made with low-alkali cement. Specification X1.4.3 Mitigation of Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction—
C1240 provides criteria for the use of Test Method C441 to Normally, if a carbonate rock does not show the characteristic
evaluate silica fume for controlling expansion. Appendix X3 to texture and composition associated with this type of reaction,
Specification C989 describes its use for ground granulated or if it does not produce expansion in rock cylinders (Test
blast-furnace slag. Project specific materials can be evaluated Method C586) or concrete prisms (Test Method C1105), no
by proportioning the mortars according to the Job Mixture mitigation is necessary for alkali-carbonate rock reaction.
clause. In evaluating the results of this test, it should be Similarly, if the aggregate has a long satisfactory service record
recognized that borosilicate glass is more reactive than most with similar materials and conditions, no mitigation is neces-
construction aggregates; therefore, the amount of a given sary. On the other hand, use of aggregates judged to be
pozzolan or ground slag necessary to control expansion with a potentially deleteriously alkali-carbonate reactive in concrete is
portland cement of given alkali content may be higher than not recommended unless it can be shown that mitigation
needed to avoid deleterious expansion with a particular con- methods will be effective. Pozzolans generally have not been
struction aggregate. found to control alkali-carbonate rock reaction. Measures
X1.3.8 Test Method C1567 (Accelerated Mortar-Bar suggested for mitigation includes: avoiding reactive carbonate
Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity rocks; selective quarrying; diluting reactive rock to less than
of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate)— 20 % of the aggregate in the concrete; use of smaller maximum
This test method evaluates specific combinations of aggregate size; and the use of very low alkali cement.

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REFERENCES

(1) Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- for Detecting Alkali-Reactive Aggregates,” Proceedings of Eighth
Making Materials, Klieger, Paul and Lamond, Joseph F., Eds, ASTM International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, Kyoto, 1989,
STP 169C, 1994, 623 pages. See Chapter 31 on “Petrographic pp. 439–444.
Evaluation of Concrete Aggregates,” by Richard C. Mielenz, Chapter (5) Fournier, B., and Berube, M.A.,“ Application of the NBRI Acceler-
32 on “Alkali-Silica Reactions in Concrete” by David Stark, and ated Mortar Bar Test to Siliceous Carbonate Aggregates Produced in
Chapter 33 on “Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction” by Michael A. the St. Lawrence Lowlands, Part 2: Proposed Limits, Rates of
Ozol. Expansion, and Microstructure of Reaction Products,” Cement and
(2) “State-of-the-Art Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity” by ACI Concrete Research, Vol 21, 1991, pp. 1069–1082.
Committee 221 on Aggregates, ACI 221.1R-98, American Concrete
(6) Ahn, N. and Fowler, D. W., “An Experimental Study on the
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1998 , 31 pages.
Guidelines for Using Higher Contents of Aggregate Microfines in
(3) Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Berube, M. A., Fournier, B.,
and Durand, Eds, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference, Portland Cement Concrete,” ICAR Research Report 102-1F, Interna-
Quebec City, Canada, June 2000, 1402 pages. (Note—This confer- tional Center for Aggregates Research, University of Texas, Austin,
ence and proceedings includes information on ASR and ACR in TX, 2001, 435 pp. (http://www.icar.utexas.edu/publications/101_2F/
concrete by researchers and experts from all over the world. Copies of 101_2Cvr.pdf)
the volume can be obtained from the International Centre for (7) Norvell, J.K., Stewart, J.G., Juenger, M.C.G and Fowler, D.W.,
Sustainable Development of Cement and Concrete, 405 Rochester “Influence of Clay and Clay-Sized Particles on Concrete Perfor-
Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0G1.) mance” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 19,
(4) Hooton, R.D., and Rogers, C.A., “Evaluation of Rapid Test Methods No. 12, December 2007, pp. 1053-1059.
--`,,,``,`,,```,`,,,,,,```,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C33/C33M–11a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved January 1, 2013)

(1) Revised Table 4.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C33/C33M–11, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved August 1, 2011)

(1) Revised 4.2.4.3 and 4.3.2.3 to reflect revised location of (3) Revised 6.3 to add new Note 3 providing guidance on
75-µm (No. 200) sieve limits. characterization of material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve.
(2) Moved 75-µm (No. 200) sieve limits and associated notes Renumbered subsequent notes.
from Table 2 to new Table 1 and renumbered subsequent (4) Inserted additional references from new Note 3 into
tables. References section.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C33/C33M–08, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved January 1, 2011)

(1) Inserted service record provisions in 7.3 and 11.2.

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