Cambridge - Earl, Bryan
Cambridge - Earl, Bryan
Cambridge - Earl, Bryan
COM
Cleanliness in and outside the house-no water logging-mosquito nets-DDT spray-shirts with full
sleeves-full pants.
It is a fact that cleanliness (a) ____________ on mosquito breeding. Mosquitoes (b) ________ if
there is no waterlogging. While sleeping we(c)___________ and get our house sprayed with
DDT. There is no need of saying that we must wear shirts with full sleeves and full pants.
(a) (i) may ensure some check (ii) has ensured some check
d i e
Q9. Complete the dialogue choosing the correct option given below.
Shyam:
s tu
What are you doing this weekend, Rahim?
Rahim:
w .
I don’t have any special plans.
ww
Shyam: How do you like the idea (a)_______________________________?
Rahim: That’s wonderful; but have (b)_________________ some other friends as well?
Shyam: Yes, I have already talked to David and Karim and both are willing.
Shyam: But I am not able to think of any more names. ( c) _____________some names?
Rahim: I think you may include your cousin Ali, Farhan and Shahina also.
42 | P a g e
SET-II
Q. 8 Complete the newspaper headlines by choosing the correct answer from the options
given below-
Wimbledon Champion Roger Federer insists it is time football followed tennis’ (b)……………….
to avoid a repeat of the disallowed goal scandal raised in the World Cup.
As many as 16 persons including women from Karnataka (c)……………… for selling fake tusks
m
of elephants lion and tiger skin and nails of wild animals in the city outskirts.
o
a) I) having forced ii) forcing iii)forced
y .c iv) is forcing
d a
b) I)and introduced technology ii) and was introducing technology iii) and will be
introducing technology
t o
iv) and the introduction of technology
s
i e
c) I) was arrested ii) will be arrested iii) has arrested iv) have been arrested.
d
s tu
w .
Q.9 Given below are some tips on how to make Mexican Hot Salsa. Read the given hints
ww
complete the passage by filling in the gaps choosing the answers from the given options
Method:
There are some simple steps that can help you to make Mexican Hot Salsa. First (a)------------------
-----. Next, take a little hot oil -------------- and cook the onions with ajwain, chilies and vinegar.
Add the blanched and chopped tomatoes to this and (b) ------------------ and red chili powder to it.
Add the capsicum and (c) ----------------.Serve as a dip with wafers, tortilla chips or vegetables.
iii) add ,salt pepper and sugar iv) adds salt and pepper
43 | P a g e
iii) to blend into a smooth paste iv) blends into a smooth paste
SET-III
Q8.The following passage has not been edited. Edit the following passage by choosing the
correct option.
The medicines prescribed by the Doctor will relieve you of pain. But you (a)may always read the
instructions before consuming the medicines. You (b) will stick on to the dose prescribed;
otherwise you (c) should develop counter symptoms. This (d) will be dangerous. So one (e)
might be careful in matter of medicines. It is better to be sure than repenting later. Some
medicines can be poisonous and (f)must have disastrous consequences.
a y
iv) should
Q11
t o d
Complete the following dialogue by choosing the most appropriate options given
below:-
i e s 1x4=4
u d
Patrick : Good morning Mr. Smith. It is long since I saw you in town. Are you staying long?
t
.s
Smith : Good morning. No Mr. Patrick (a) ………. and hope to get home again this evening.
w
ww
Patrick : Running away so soon? (b)………….and enjoy yourself?
Smith : Not I (c) ………… in the smoky air and noise of your town. I want the clean
a) i) I have come up only for a few hours ii) I had come up only for a few hours
iii) I came up only for few hours iv) I am coming up only for few hours
c) I) I am not going to find any enjoyment ii) I won’t be finding any enjoyment
iii) I am not finding any enjoyment iv) I don’t find any enjoyment.
44 | P a g e
SET-IV
Q8. Read the following conversation and complete the paragraph below by choosing the
correct option.
Mother asked her son Rahul (i)______________ . Rahul replied that (ii) ________________
Mother instructed him that (iii) _____________________ as she was greatly worried. Rahul
regretted it and said that he would do so in future.
o m
i) (a) Where he had gone around noon
y .c
(b) Where had he gone around noon
d a
(c) Where did he go around noon (d) Where he had been gone noon
(ii)
s t o
(a) he was with Sanjay at his house (b) he had been with Sanjay at his house
d i e
(c) he have been with Sanjay at his house (d) he has been with Sanjay at his house
(iii)
s tu
(a) you should have told us of that (b) he should not have told of it
w
(c) he should have told that . (d) he should not have told of
ww
Q 8. Complete the following passage by choosing the most appropriate option from the ones
given below: [4 marks]
George did not mind Roger (i) _____________in the room, for he behaved himself well and did
not distract my attention. Usually, if he was sleeping very heavily and (ii) ____________ a
peasant dog barking, Roger would wake up with a start and utter a couscous roar of rage before
realizing where he was. Then he would give an embarrassed look at our (iii)________faces, his
tail would twitch, and he would glance round the room sheepishly.
45 | P a g e
SET-V
Q8. Read the following conversation carefully and complete the passage by choosing the
most appropriate option.
m
a (i) what he wanted to do that morning (ii) what he would want to do that morning
.c o
(iii) what did he want to do that morning (iv) what he wants to do that morning
b. (i) feels like taking a walk (ii) felt like taking a walk
a y
(iii) did feel like taking a walk
t o d
(iv) feel like taking a walk
c.
i e s
(i) that they would walk around the lake in the park
tu d
(ii) for walking around the lake in the park .
.s
(iii) to let them walk around the lake in the park
w
ww
(iv) to walk around the lake in the park
Q. 9. Below is a letter from Pawan to his mother. Complete this letter by choosing the most
appropriate options given below:
Dear Mom
I hope all’s well (a) ____________ you. Everything is fine here. I am sorry I (b)___ write earlier
as I was busy with the examinations. They are now almost over. I am sure you will be glad to
(c)______ that I have filled up the NDA form. The entrance test is scheduled (d) _____ the 14 th
of June, and that very day I am going to(e) ____ center which is close to my hostel . Looking
forward to a reply (f)_________ you soon.
Yours affectionately
Pawan
b) (i) were not (ii) has not (iii) could not (iv) had not
46 | P a g e
ANSWERS
SET-I
Ans. 8.a) (iii) ensure some check (b) (iv) will not breed ( c) (i) must use mosquito
Ans.9. (a) (iv) of going on a picnic (b) (iii) you not invited ( c) (ii) Can you suggest
SET-II
o m
Ans8 a) ii) forcing b) I) and introduced technology
y .c
c) iv) have been arrested.
s t o
SET-III
d i e
Ans8. (a) i) must
tu
(b) iii) should (c) iv) might
s
(d) iii) can (e) iii) should (f) ii) may
w .
Ans9. (a) iii) I came up only for few hours
ww
(b) ii) Why don’t you want to stay a few days
(c) iv) I don’t find any enjoyment
SET-IV
Ans8. (i) (a) where he had gone around noon
Ans9. (i) (b) being (ii) (a) hear (iii) (b) disapproving
SET-V
Ans8. (a) (i) what he wanted to do that morning (b) (ii) felt like taking a walk
(c) (i) that they would walk around the lake in the park
Ans9. a)i)with b) (iii)could not c) (ii)know d ) (iv)on e ) (i) the f) (ii) from
47 | P a g e
VERB FORMS
m
FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE PRESENT PRESENT
o
TENSE FUTURE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PERFECT
.c
CONTINUOUS
y
I/we/you/he/she/It I/we/you/he/she/It I/we/you/he/she/It/t I/we/you/he/she/It/the
a
d
/they will/shall /they will/shall be hey will/shall have y will/shall have been
o
play. playing. played. playing.
s t
d i e
s tu
w .
ww
48 | P a g e
m
someone is knocking at the door.
.c o
We use present perfect tense
a y
o
to express an action that has just been completed:
t d
I have just got the letter from him.
i e s
d
to express an action completed sometime in the past but connected with the present.
s tu
The Police have closed the road today.
w .
ww
We use present perfect continuous tense
to express an action that began in the past and has been in the progress till the time of
speaking.
It has been raining for fifteen minutes.
49 | P a g e
m
I will go and take a cup of tea.
to express the speakers view:
.c o
I think I will consult a doctor
a y
t o d
We use future continuous tense
i e s
d
to express an action which will be in the progress at a given moment in the future:
s tu
tomorrow at 7 o’clock he will be flying to New York.
w .
ww
We use future perfect tense
to express an action completed before a given moment in the future:
But tomorrow he will have changed his profile.
50 | P a g e
DETERMINERS
Are the words which identify or specify a noun in some way. They do not describe a noun; they
determine it; they point it out. eg-the best boy, that tree and my brother etc.
KINDS OF DETERMINERS
o m
Articles
y .c
d a
s t o
i e
We already know that there are three articles in English: a, an, and the. Of these a and an are
d
indefinite articles while the is the definite article.
s tu
.
Uses of article A and An :
w
before countables in the singular number:
An before a countable noun in the singular number beginning with vowel sound:
An invention, An M.A. (here M is sounded as em; so it begins with vowel sound)
51 | P a g e
This article can be used with both countable (train, book) and uncountable (mercy,
information). And also can be used with the countables both in the singular number
(train) and the plural number (books).
m
With superlatives:
The brightest star
.c o
a y
DEMONSTRATIVES
t o d
i e s
This and These refer to persons or objects close by. This is used before singular nouns
and These before plural nouns:
tu d
.s
This book contains all information.
w
These flowers are for you.
ww
That and Those refer to persons or objects at a distance. That is used before singular
nouns and Those before plural nouns:
This and
That can be used before the uncountables also:
52 | P a g e
POSSESSIVES
DISTRIBUTIVES
Either
It has two meanings
any of the two different persons or things:
You can take either bus. (any of the two buses)
the both
Restaurants have come up on either sides of the road. (on both the sides)
Neither
o m
y .c
It means opposite to either or it means not the one nor the other:
Neither candidate deserves our support.
d a
Each, every
s t o
i e
Each is used when we think of things separately, one by one:
d
Talk to each child.
s tu
.
Every is used when we think of things as a group. The meaning is without exception:
w
ww
Every child needs love and protection.
QUANTIFIERS
many and several suggest number, they are used with countables:
many pens, several trees
some and any can be used with both countables and uncountables:
some books, some tea
any shirts, any bread
Much is generally used before the uncountables. It means: a large quantity of.
Much labour, much loss
Many is used before the countables in the plural number. It means a large number of:
Many students, many artists
53 | P a g e
INTERROGATIVES
Determiners that helps to ask questions may be described as interrogatives like what,
which, whose, etc.
MODALS
Modals are verbs used to express the mood or attitude of the speaker. They are used to give
advice, seek or give permission, make suggestions, make polite requests, give invitations, etc.
The most commonly used modals are:
-
m
can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to, need, dare
o
- Asking for and giving permission:
y .c
May, can, and could
d a
t o
Preeti: Mummy, I ‘am awfully hungry. Can I eat these butter biscuits?
s
i e
Mother: Why not? You can eat all of them if you like.
d
s tu
Vinay: Could I use your phone please?
w .
ww
Mr Bhushan: Yes of course.
54 | P a g e
May is also possible, but being very formal is not preferred. However, we can use will if
we like:
Possibility:
May, might
Both may might are used to suggest possibility. But might suggests a lesser possibility
than may.
In these sentences, could is also possible:
Must doesn’t have a past tense form. So we can use must to talk about the present or
the future:
a y
Should is not as strong as must or have to. Look at this example:
t o d
s
You should wear a helmet while driving a motor bike.
d i e
Ought to conveys the same sense as should. But it carries with it a sense of moral duty.
s tu
.
You ought to take care of your old parents.
w
ww ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
We can begin a sentence either with the subject or object. This fact decides whether a
sentence is active or passive.
In other words, it is possible for us to recognise the active and the passive voice. For
example, if a sentence has one of the helping verbs such as am, is, are, was, were, been,
being, be and past participles of the verb like eaten, broken, spent, learnt, incented,
discovered, it is passive voice.
55 | P a g e
Voice: Voice is the form of the verb which indicates whether a person or a thing does
something or something has been done to a person or a thing.Kinds of voice: there are
two kinds of voice, namely:
Active voice
Passive voice
Active Voice: When a verb form shows that the subject has done something, it is known
as active voice.
Ex: Madhavi wrote a letter.
- Passive voice: when a verb form shows that something has been done to the subject, it
known as passive voice.
o m
NOTE: we can turn active voice into passive voice by using some guide lines. It is not much
.c
difficult for us to change the voice of the verb.
a y
d
BASIC RULES
s t o
-A sentence can be separated into subject(S), verb(V) and object(O).
eg: MADHAVI WROTE
d i e A LETTER
u
S V O
eg: MADHAVI
.s t
-The object of the sentence must be turned into subject.
WROTE A LETTER
S
w V O
ww
A LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY MADHAVI
TENSE FORM
Present Simple am/is/are + Past Participle
Continuous Tense (Present) am/is/are + being + Past Participle
Present Perfect Tense have/has + been + Past Participle
S V O
56 | P a g e
-The ‘be’ form must be used according to the tense of the verb.
eg: A letter ‘was’.
o m
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
y .c
d a
s t o
Akshay said, “I am really sorry for the mistake.” ……….. (1)
d i e
Akshay said that he was really sorry for the mistake. ………. (2)
tu
-There are two ways of reporting, what some body said.
s
w .
We produce the exact words of the speaker, as in above. This is called direct speech.
ww
Or, we can express the speech in our own words, as in (2) above. This is called indirect or
reported speech.
Direct speech is set off by inverted commas (“…….”) indirect speech usually begins as:
We do not normally report someone’s words as soon as they are spoken, or at the place where
they are spoken. Besides, the reporter is usually different from the actual speaker. So the
reported speech differs from the direct speech in certain respects:
Sushmita said, “I ‘am not free today, for somebody is coming to interview me.”
Sushmita said that she was not free that day, for somebody was coming to interview
her.
57 | P a g e
Besides dropping inverted commas and using some conjunctions(that, if, etc.), we have
to take care of three things while reporting speeches:
Tenses. Most of the times, the reported speech is in the past tense. (she was not free…….
Somebody was coming…….)
Personal pronouns like I, we, you, etc. And possessives like my, our, your, etc. , which change
according to the situation. (she was …… , coming to interview her)
Words detonating nearness of time and place are changed. (not free today- not free that day)
this/that these/those
here there
o m
.c
now then*
Ago Before
a y
Today/tonight
t o d
That day/that night
i e s
d
Yesterday The day before/the previous day
Tomorrow
s tu The next day/the following day
w .
The day before yesterday The day before the previous day
ww
The day after tomorrow
58 | P a g e
CHANGING TENSES
REPORTING VERB IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE TENSE – THE TENSES IN THE REPORTED SPEECH
UNCHANGED
o m
.c
WAS/WERE HAD BEEN
DO
tu d DID
.s
w
DID HAD DONE
ww
HAD DONE NO CHANGE
WILL/SHALL WOULD
(IN CERTAIN CASES, SHALL MIGHT
BE CHANGED INTO SHOULD)
MAY/CAN MIGHT/COULD
WOULD/SHOULD/MIGHT/COULD NO CHANGE
/OUGHT TO/USED TO
MUST HAD TO
There are situations in which even if the reporting verb is in the past tense, we leave the tenses
in the reported speech unchanged:
Our science teacher said, “The pole star does not change it’s position in the sky.”
(The reported speech is a universal truth.)
59 | P a g e
Our science teacher told us that the pole star does not change its position in the sky.
The reported speech describes a situation which still exists when the speech is reported :
The station master said, “All the trains are running late because heavy rains have
damaged some parts of the track.” (The situation continues to be unchanged at the
time of reporting.)
The station master said that all the trains are running late because heavy rains have
damaged some parts of the track.
o m
.c
Neeraj said to me, “Abhilash was unwell so she didn’t go to the school.”
y
Neeraj told me that Abhilash was unwell so she didn’t go to the school.
d a
o
However, in this case it would also be correct to say:
s t
e
Neeraj told me that Abhilash had been unwell, so she hadn’t gone to the school.
d i
s tu
w . PREPOSITION
ww
A preposition is used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in
the sentence. Here are some common prepositions :
About, above, after, at, behind, below, between, down, during, for, from, in, inside, of,
off, on, through, to, under, with.
A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition, its object, and all the words in
between. The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows the
preposition.
60 | P a g e
In the front, of cake, at the park, down the hill, across the street, under the bridge,
from my big brother, behind the counter, after school, for breakfast, of the tree,
during summer vacation.
o m
y .c
d a
s t o
d i e
s tu
w .
ww
61 | P a g e
a y
o d
c) Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences.
t
s
i) Mr.Shyam/ our/ has/teacher/ a/ named/ Timmy/./cat/
i e
Ans. Our teacher Mr.Shyam has a cat named Timmy.
d
ii) Sandy/,/,/ likes/./to/ the/ run/sprinkler
tu
Ans. My dog, Sandy, likes to run through the sprinkler.
s
w .
iii) Ravan/ like/Ram/ to/./cricket/and/play/
Ans. Ram and Ravan like to play cricket.
ww
d) Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences.
i) park/./is/a/place/walk/for/green/good/
Ans. Green park is a good place for walk.
ii) high/hill/on/./the/standard/school/sits/
Ans. Standard School sits high on the hill.
iii) is/my/Disneyland/favourite/park/./amusement/
Ans.Disneyland is my favourite amusement park.
62 | P a g e
- In the following paragraph one word has been omitted in each line. Find the place where you
think the word is missing and write the same in your answer sheet.
s t o
i e
- In the following paragraph one word has been omitted in each line. Find the place where you
d
think the word is missing and write the same in your answer sheet.
s tu
w .
In Chinese mythology, tigers / highly revered.
ww
are
63 | P a g e
- In the following paragraph one word has been omitted in each line. Find the place where you
think the word is missing and write the same in your answer sheet.
to know the cabin / crew name. But that didn’t make Stanislav
by
any calmer. As always, he felt certain / the flight would end badly.
That
o m
y .c
d a
o There is one error in each line of the following passage. Write the correct answer in your
answer sheet.
s t o
INCORRECT
d i e CORRECT
for
s tu
A policeman responded for a burglary report at a house.
to
w .
Sagarnil sat down at the couch to take a statement,
at
ww
Not realising a burglar is hiding under it. The homeowner looked
on
is was
down and saw the burglar lying flat in his stomach half under
in on
and behind the couch. His head was right near the policeman
policeman policeman’s
legs. The policeman jump off the couch and the man was
jump jumped
when after
64 | P a g e
- There is one error in each line of the following passage. Write the correct answer in your
answer sheet.
INCORRECT CORRECT
It was not the body part you are likely to think much about.
was is
But with just a little effort, you could prolong the life of your brain
could can
for to
has have
o m
.c
to increase of over 115 million by 2050. The fastest growth of
ay
of to
o d
the disease among the elderly is taking place at India, China and
at
i e st in
u d
other developing countries. So its pays to do what you can now to
t
its
.s it
w
ww
decrease your chances be part of those worrying statistics.
be being
-Read the following conversations then complete the blanks given in the reported speech
through the
65 | P a g e
- Read the following conversations then complete the blanks given in the reported speech
through the
o m
Options are given below.
y .c
i) My father said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
d a
My father said _______________________.
s t o
a) Honesty is the best policy.
d i e
u
b) That honesty is the best policy.
c)
s t
Told honesty is the best policy.
.
w
d) Whether honesty is the best policy.
ww
ii) “The Earth moves round the Sun,” the teacher said.
Sneha ________________________________ .
66 | P a g e
- Read the following conversations then complete the blanks given in the reported speech
through the
i) I said to Amrit, “where have you been living all these days?”
a y
o
iii) Mini said to you, “Your teachers have praised you.”
t d
Mini told you _____________________.
i e s
a)
b)
u
If the teachers have praised her.
t d
Whether the teachers had praised you.
c)
.s
When teachers have praised her.
d)
w
That your teachers had praised you.
ww
- Read the following conversations then complete the blanks given in the reported speech
through the
67 | P a g e
ii) Monika said to me,” you can stay with us whenever you are in Delhi.”
iii) Sarika said,” I want to buy a computer but I can’t afford it.”
a) That she wanted to buy a computer but she couldn’t afford it.
b) She wants to buy a computer and she can’t afford it.
c) That she wants to buy a computer but she won’t afford it.
d) That she wanted to buy the computer but couldn’t afford it.
o m
.c
- Read the following conversations then complete the blanks given in the reported speech
y
a
through the
tu d
a)
.s
Where she had been all those days.
b)
w
Where she has been these days.
ww
c) When she will be all those days.
d) Why she had been missing all these days.
iii) Sarah said to Angela, “Let’s go to some hill station for a change.”
68 | P a g e