TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

403044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 OBJECTIVES

 History overview of industrial automation and

communication networks
 Hierarchical levels of Industrial communication
networks
 Benefits and key roles
 Communication networks and Applications

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Understand key roles, trends, and benefits of
Data communication networks in the modern
life
 Be aware of the general hierarchy of industrial
networks
 Be aware of various applications of data
communication in industries, services and
households

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 Overview of Comm. Networks
Field device: example differential pressure transducer
4..20 mA current loop

fluid
The device transmits its value by means of a current loop
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 Overview of Comm. Networks

The 4-20 mA is the most common analog transmission

Standard in industry

sensor transducer reader reader voltage

i(t) = f(v) 1 2 source
flow
10V..24V

RL1 R1 RL2 R2 RL3 R3 RL4

i(t) = 0, 4..20 mA RL4 conductor resistance

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 Overview of Comm. Networks

4-20 mA loop - the conventional, analog standard

 The transducer limits the current to a value between 4 mA
and 20 mA, proportional to the measured value, while 0 mA
signals an error (wire break).
 The voltage drop along the cable and the number of readers
induces no error.
 Simple devices are powered directly by the residual current
(4mA), allowing to transmit signal and power through a single
pair of wires.
 Remember: 4-20mA is basically a point-to-point
communication (one source).

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 Overview of Comm. Networks

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 Overview of Comm. Networks

What is the
differences between
two pictures?

Which one is better?

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 Overview of Comm. Networks

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 Overview of Comm. Networks

Control Level
= Office World

Cell Level

Field Level

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 BENEFITS

 Replace parallel cabling and simplify the

connection between industrial devices.
 Reduce cabling cost, savings money for
maintenance.
 Improve productivity and efficiency of automatic
control system.
 Reliable, high-performance communication thanks
to digital signals.
 Enhance the flexibility and open-system functions

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 BENEFITS

 Simplify the failure detection, trouble shooting, and

enhance supervisory ability of systems.
 Future-oriented solution by simple extension.
 Remote access via Internet

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 APPLICATIONS

Electric power
generation,
transmission
and
distribution:
Electric utilities
detect current flow
and line voltage, to
monitor the
operation of circuit
breakers, and to
take sections of the
power grid online or
offline.

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 APPLICATIONS

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 APPLICATIONS

Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time

manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots, and
monitor process and quality control.
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 APPLICATIONS

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 APPLICATIONS

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 APPLICATIONS

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 APPLICATIONS

Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley

buses; to automate traffic signals for rail systems; to track and
locate trains and buses;
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 APPLICATIONS

Mass transit: automate

traffic signals for rail systems;
to track and locate trains and
buses; and to control railroad
crossing gates.
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 APPLICATIONS
Water and
sewage:
State and
municipal
water utilities
use SCADA to
monitor and
regulate water
flow, reservoir
levels, pipe
pressure and
other factors.

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 APPLICATIONS
Intelligent
building/house:
comfortable and
productive
environment to
the occupants
with: Heating,
ventilation
(HVAC), fire
safety, security,
energy/lighting
management,
access control,
etc.

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 APPLICATIONS

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 APPLICATIONS
Intelligent building Perspective

Digital Intrusion
Video surveillance detection
Access control

Alarms management

Energy / Inventory ….
Management Fire alarm

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 APPLICATIONS

HVAC Control Data

System Network

Lighting Control Voice

System Network

Power
Audio Visual
System Management
System
Video
Video Distribution
System Surveillance
System

Access Control Fire Alarm

System System

Local & remote multifunction management consoles

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Technology 25
Training that works
 TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

402044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
CHAPTER 2: FUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS OF DIGITAL
COMMUNICATION

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 CHAPTER CONTENTS

2.1. Introduction to data communication

2.2. Transmission modes
2.3. Protocols and OSI Reference Model
2.4. Media access control techniques
2.5. Error control techniques
2.6. Signal modulation techniques
2.7. Physical Layer protocols

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 CHAPTER CONTENTS

2.8. Media overview

2.9. Network topology
2.10. Network interconnect
2.11. Networking software

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concepts of digital communication
 OBJECTIVES
 Understand fundamental data communication
concepts
 Be aware digital transmission systems and
equipment
 Be aware of the network standards, techniques
and devices

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 2.1. Introduction

TV E-mail

Telephone

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 2.1. Introduction

Transmission of data from one place to another

place is called data communication.

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 2.1. Introduction

Three components are essential in data

communication.

1. Sender / Source

2. Data Communication Medium

3. Receiver / Sink

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 2.1. Introduction

Sender/Source Receiver/Sink
Medium

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 2.1. Introduction
Digital transmission of information that has been encoded
digitally with some standard from one network (systems) to
other network (systems) via certain medium, knows as Data
Communication:
 Information / Data
 Digital encoded
 Transfer of data / sender and receiver
 Specific medium

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 Bits, numbers, information
 Bit: number with value 0 or 1
n bits: digital representation for 0, 1, … , 2n
Byte or Octet, n = 8
Computer word, n = 16, 32, or 64
 n bits allows enumeration of 2n possibilities
n-bit field in a header
n-bit representation of a voice sample
Message consisting of n bits
 The number of bits required to represent a message is a
measure of its information content
More bits → More content
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 Block vs. Stream Information

Block Stream
 Information that occurs  Information that is
in a single block produced & transmitted
Text message continuously
Data file Real-time voice
JPEG image Streaming video
MPEG file
 Size = Bits / block  Bit rate = bits / second
or bytes/block 1 kbps = 103 bps
1 kbyte = 210 bytes 1 Mbps = 106 bps
1 Mbyte = 220 bytes 1 Gbps =109 bps
1 Gbyte = 230 bytes 11
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 Data Transmission Speed

The speed of data transmission is measured in

Bits per second (bps)

Kbps (kilobits per second)
Mbps (Megabits per second)
Gbps (Gigabits per second).

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concepts of digital communication
 Transmission of Stream Information

 Constant bit-rate
 Signals such as digitized telephone voice produce a
steady stream: e.g. 64 kbps
 Network must support steady transfer of signal, e.g. 64
kbps circuit
 Variable bit-rate
 Signals such as digitized video produce a stream that
varies in bit rate, e.g. according to motion and detail in a
scene
 Network must support variable transfer rate of signal,
e.g. packet switching or rate-smoothing with constant bit-
rate circuit
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concepts of digital communication
 Data Transmission Quality

Network Transmission Impairments

 Delay: Is information delivered in timely fashion?
 Jitter: Is information delivered in sufficiently
smooth fashion?
 Loss: Is information delivered without loss? If loss
occurs, is delivered signal quality acceptable?
 Applications & application layer protocols
developed to deal with these impairments

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concepts of digital communication
 2.2. Transmission modes

Data Transmission Types

 Serial data transmission
 Parallel data transmission

011001010

S R S R

H2(a) – Parallel transmission H2(b) – Serial transmission

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Data Transmission Modes

 Simplex
 Half-Duplex
 Duplex

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Simplex
 Data is directed one way only.
There is no any space for data transmission to be
directed the other way.
Examples: Television transmission, Radio transmission,
computer to the printer, mouse to computer, etc.

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 2.2. Transmission modes

One way only

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 2.2. Transmission modes

One way only

Television transmission
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 2.2. Transmission modes

Haft Duplex
Data can be directed one way at a time.
 The data flows in one direction or the other, but not
both at the same time.
 Example: Walkie-talkie.
 Where only one party can talk to the other at a time

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Walkie –
talkie

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Walkie – talkie
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 2.2. Transmission modes

Duplex or Full Duplex

Data can be transmitted both ways at a time.
Example: Telephone.

Both ways at a time 23

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Asynchronous communication
 Use start and stop bits for each frame
 Suitable for transmitting of characters (5 – 8 bits)
 Specified by clock speed, character frame length, signal
level, number of start and stop bits, and type of parity bit
(odd or even)

Start Data bits Parity Stop

bit bit bit

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Synchronous communication
 Use Synchronous characters to synchronize the
receiver clock signal
 Data of synchronous frames is changeable
 High transmission efficiency; and more and more
efficient as the amount of transferred data increases

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 2.2. Transmission modes

Compare between the two synchronous and

asynchronous transmission types?
Efficiency of each type?

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 2.3. Protocols and OSI Model

Giao thức (protocol)

 Cú pháp (syntax)
 Ngữ nghĩa (semantic)
 Định thời (timing)

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 2.3. Protocols and OSI Model

OSI Reference model

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 2.3. Protocols and OSI Model

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 2.3. Protocols and OSI Model
Lower level protocols – processed by using
hard-ware

 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol)
 HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)
 HLDC (High Level Data-Link Control)
 UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter)

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 2.3. Protocols and OSI Model

High level protocols – processed by using

software

 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
 MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification)

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 2.4. Media access control techniques

Access control
techniques

Scheduling Methods Stochastic Methods

Central control: Distributed control: Collision detection Collision Avoidance

Master/Slave Master/Slave CSMA/CD CSMA/CA
TDMA Token passing

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Master/Slave
 Only masters have the right to control the bus accessing and
slaves just respond to the master request.
 The direct communication between slaves is limited and data
must be transferred via master .
 Use polling list to control the sequence of active slaves.
 Cheap, simple, and fast, however, the communication efficiency
(between the slaves) is low.
 Reliability of networks is dependent on the master working.
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TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

 It allows several users to share the same bus (communication
channel) by dividing the signal into different time slots.
 Slots can be assigned on the predefined sequence.
 All stations have the same accessing level (no master or slave).
 With or without a central station to control the accessing order.
 The accessing order can be assigned by station address, physical
location, and priority order.
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Token Passing
 At any given time only one of station has the right to transmit
into the medium if it takes the token.
 The station taken token (only master stations) has the full right
to access the medium to transmit data to others and control the
network operation, e.g. polling its slaves.
 Distributed access control technique (multi-master)

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CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection)
 Carrier Sense: Before transmission, transceiver listen on
medium is used or not, if free then start transmission, otherwise,
wait till medium is idle before sending frame.
 Multiple Access: multiple stations use the same shared media.
Each uses same access algorithm.
 Collision Detection: Listen to medium – detect if possibly two
or more transmission frames collapse with each other – back off
and try again later by “evasive action following a random period
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 2.4. Media access control techniques
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Avoidance)
 Carrier Sense: Before transmission, transceiver listen on medium is
used or not, if free then start transmission, otherwise, wait till
medium is idle before sending frame.
 Multiple Access: multiple stations use the same shared media. Each
uses same access algorithm.
 Collision Avoidance: If there is a collision between two or more
stations transmitting simultaneously, such that collision avoidance is
solved by allowing dominated signals of the higher priority station to
overwhelm that of lower priority station to seize the medium. 37
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concepts of digital communication
 2.5. Error detection techniques

 Digital transmission systems generate errors. Why?

 Applications require certain reliability level
 Data applications require error-free transfer
 Voice & video applications tolerate some errors
 Error control used when transmission system does not
meet application requirement
 Error control ensures a data stream is transmitted to a
certain level of accuracy despite errors
 Two basic approaches:
 Error detection & retransmission (ARQ)
 Forward error correction (FEC)
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 Bit error rate (BER): error bits received / Num. of bit

transmitted. Measure the quality of transmission
media.
 Block error rate (BLER): Blocks with one or more bits
in error / Total blocks transmitted. Measure the quality
of error detection techniques.
 Hamming Distance (HD): the smallest bit number in
which an error detector is unable to surely detect in a
frame.

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Single Parity Check
 Apply for characters in asynchronous transmission
 Parity bit : Character bit may include parity bit, set by
the transmitter such that the total number of ones in the
character, including the parity bit, is even (even parity)
or odd (odd parity). The receiver uses this bit for error
detection.

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Single Parity Check

 Even parity bit - when using even parity, the parity bit is set to 1
if the number of ones in a given set of bits (not including the
parity bit) is odd, making the number of ones in the entire set of
bits (including the parity bit) even. If the number of ones in a
given set of bits is already even, it is set to a 0.
 Odd parity bit - when using odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if
the number of ones in a given set of bits (not including the
parity bit) is even, keeping the number of ones in the entire set
of bits (including the parity bit) odd. And when the number of
set bits is already odd, the odd parity bit is set to 0.
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Example of Single Parity Check

 Information (7 bits): (0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0)
 Parity Bit: b8 = 0 + 1 +0 + 1 +1 + 0 = 1
 Codeword (8 bits): (0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)

 If single error in bit 3 : (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)

 # of 1’s =5, odd
 Error detected

 If errors in bits 3 and 5: (0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1)

 # of 1’s = 4, even
 Error not detected
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 2.5. Error detection techniques

Information bits Received information bits

Recalculate
check bits
k bits
Channel
Calculate
check bits Compare
Sent Received
Information
check check bits
accepted if
bits check bits
match
n – k bits

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 2.5. Error detection techniques

Two Dimension Parity Check

 More parity bits to improve
coverage 1 0 0 1 0 0
Last column
 Arrange information as 0 1 0 0 0 1 consists of
1 0 0 1 0 0 check bits
columns for each row
 Add single parity bit to each 1 1 0 1 1 0

column 1 0 0 1 1 1

 Add a final “parity” column Bottom row consists of

check bit for each 44
column
 Used in early error control
systems

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 2.5. Error detection techniques
Original Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
p 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
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 2.5. Error detection techniques
Received Data with 1 error
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
p 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
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 2.5. Error detection techniques
Received Data with 2 errors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
p 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
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 2.5. Error detection techniques
Received Data with 3 errors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
p 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
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 2.5. Error detection techniques
Received Data with 4 errors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
p 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
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 2.5. Error detection techniques

Polynomial Code or Cyclic Redundancy Check

 Polynomials instead of vectors for codewords
 Polynomial arithmetic instead of check sums
 Implemented using shift-register circuits
 Also called cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes
 Most data communications standards use polynomial
codes for error detection
 Polynomial codes also basis for powerful error-
correction methods

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Polynomial Code or Cyclic Redundancy Check
 Code has binary generating polynomial of degree n – k
g(x) = xn-k + gn-k-1xn-k-1 + … + g2x2 + g1x + 1
 k information bits define polynomial of degree k – 1
i(x) = ik-1xk-1 + ik-2xk-2 + … + i2x2 + i1x + i0
 Find remainder polynomial of at most degree n – k – 1
1 q ( x)
 nk x n  k i ( x)  g ( x)q ( x)  r ( x)
g (x) x i ( x)  r ( x)
 Define the codeword polynomial of degree n – 1
b(x) = xn-ki(x) + r(x)

n bits k bits n-k bits

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Polynomial example:
Generator polynomial: g(x)= x3 + x + 1
k = 4, n–k = 3
Information: (1,1,0,0) i(x) = x3 + x2
Encoding: x3i(x) = x6 + x5
x3 + x2 + x
1110
x3 + x + 1 ) x6 + x5 1011 ) 1100000
x6 + x 4 + x3 1011
x5 + x4 + x3 1110
x5 + x 3 + x2 1011
x4 + x2 1010
x4 + x2 + x 1011
x 010
Transmitted codeword:
b(x) = x6 + x5 + x
b = (1,1,0,0,0,1,0)
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 CRC-8:
= x8 + x2 + x + 1 ATM

 CRC-16:
= x16 + x15 + x2 + 1 Bisync
= (x + 1)(x15 + x + 1)

 CCITT-16:
= x16 + x12 + x5 + 1 HDLC, XMODEM, V.41

 CCITT-32: IEEE 802, DoD, V.42

= x32 + x26 + x23 + x22 + x16 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x2 + x + 1

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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation
What is Bit code?
 Mapping of binary information sequence into the digital signal
that enters the channel
 Ex. “1” maps to +A square pulse; “0” to –A pulse
 Line code selected to meet system requirements:
 Transmitted power: Power consumption = $
 Bit timing: Transitions in signal help timing recovery
 Bandwidth efficiency: Excessive transitions wastes BW
 Low frequency content: Some channels block low
frequencies
 long periods of +A or of –A causes signal to “droop”
 Waveform should not have low-frequency content
 Error detection: Ability to detect errors helps
 Complexity/cost: Is code implementable in chip at high
speed?
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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
Unipolar NRZ

Polar NRZ

NRZ-inverted
(differential
encoding)

Bipolar
encoding

Manchester
encoding

Differential
Manchester
encoding
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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation

NRZ/RZ

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

NRZ

RZ

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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation

MANCHESTER

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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation

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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation

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 2.6. Digital Signal Modulation

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface
Physical Interface
The universal standard in physical interface to
connect data terminal equipment (DTE) to data
communications equipment (DCE). It includes:
connector type, num. of pins, data communication
mechanism, signal characteristics, etc. Most common
in industrial networks are:
 RS-232
 RS-422
 RS-485

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

D R

R D

D R

Unbalanced differential signal (3 channels, 4 wires)

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface
D T T
R

R T T
D

D T T
R

Balanced differential signal (3 channels, 7 wires)

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

RS- 232

 Transmission mechanism follows the unbalanced

differential signal.
 Logic 1 if voltage from -15V to -3V; logic 0 if
voltage from 3V đến 15V.
 Max communication speed is 19.2 kBit/s.
 Max of cable length is about 30-50m.
 Full duplex, synchronous/asynchronous modes.

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

RS- 232 also know as

DB-25 connector

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface
RS- 485

 Transmission mechanism follows the Balanced

differential signal (the same RS-422).
 Logic 1 if voltage from -1.5V to -6V; logic 0 if
voltage from 1.5V đến 6V.
 Max communication speed is 10 MBit/s.
 Max of cable length is up to 1200m.
 Max of stations in the same line is up to 32 units.
 Termination resistor is about 120 Ω for twisted pair
wire.

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

Two wire
multi-drop
network,
haft-duplex
mode.

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

Four wire multi-drop network, Full duplex, Master/Slave mode.

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 2.7. Network Physical Interface

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Wired transmission

 Twisted wire pair (Twisted pair cables)

 Co-axial Cable / Coaxial cables
 Fiber optic cables

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Twisted wire pair (UTP or STP)

 The normal wires used for daily activities can also be used
for data communication.
 A twisted pair consists of two copper wires about 1 mm
thick.
 Pairs of insulated copper wires twisted around one another
for the reduction of Electromagnetic Interference.

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 2.8. Transmission Media

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 2.8. Transmission Media

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Applications of TP

 Telephone lines to carry voice and data channels.

 ADSL lines.
 Some Local area networks.
 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network).

QUESTION (Advantages/disadvantages)
Compare between both types

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Co-axial Cable
 It has a copper net woven around a copper wire.

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Applications of
Coaxial cable

 Used in digital
transmission
 Used for analogue
transmission
 Used for TV antennas
and Cable TV

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 2.8. Transmission Media
Fiber Optics

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Fiber Optics

 Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of

very pure glass about the diameter of a human
hair.
 They are arranged in bundles called optical
cables and used to transmit light signals over long
distances.

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Applications of Fiber optics

 Military -They offer better performance and greater

security for their signals. They're strong, and
lightweight, and can also be used outdoors in harsh
environments.
 Radar systems
 Telecommunications companies to transmit
telephone signals
 Internet communication
 Cable television signals
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 2.8. Transmission Media

Wireless Transmission

 Radio
 Infrared
 Microware

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Radio transmission
 Radio transmission,
which is very familiar to
our normal lives, can be
used for data
communication very
easily.

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Infrared transmission
 It has a very low frequency.
 These are largely used for data communication
when wire- less keyboards, mouse and printers
are used.

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 2.8. Transmission Media

Microware transmission

 Used to communicate data to a

long distance and short signals
with contain higher frequency.
 Use very high frequency radio
waves to transmit data through
space.

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 2.8. Transmission Media
Communication Satellites

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 2.9. Network Topology

Links

 Point-to-point
 Multi-drop
 Multi-point

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 2.9. Network Topology

BUS

Daisy chain

Trunk line/drop line

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 2.9. Network Topology

Most Common

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 2.9. Network Topology

Passive Ring structure

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 2.9. Network Topology

ACTIVE BUS

MASTER

Non Master station Master Station

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 2.9. Network Topology

ACTIVE BUS

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 2.9. Network Topology

What is the differences between the structures of

Bus and Ring?

What is the advantages of Ring in practice?

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 2.9. Network Topology

STAR

MASTER

HUB

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 2.9. Network Topology

STAR

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 2.9. Network Topology

HYDBRID

M *

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 2.9. Network Topology

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 2.10. Network Interconnection

Network Interconnection Devices

 Repeater
 Bridge
 Router
 Gateway

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 2.10. Network Interconnection

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 R 1

Repeater according to OSI model

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 2.10. Network Interconnection

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 LLC 3
2 MAC MAC 2
1 1 1 1

Bridge according to OSI Model

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 2.10. Network Interconnection

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1

Router according to OSI

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 2.10. Network Interconnection

7 7 7
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1

Gateway according to OSI Model

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 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS
In this chapter, we have learnt:
 The basic knowledge of digital communication
including transmission media, transmission
modes, access control techniques, network
topology, network protocol, etc.
 READ & ASSIGNMENTS:
 [2]: 18  95
 [3]: 11  100
 Search in the internet application examples of
industrial networks.

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 TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

403044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS

CHAPTER 3: AS-I NETWORKS

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 CHAPTER CONTENTS

3.1. AS-i and Applications

3.2. Physical features of AS-i
3.3. Data specifications of AS-i
3.4. AS-i components and technology
3.5. AS-i master: CP 243-2

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 OBJECTIVES

 Understand physical characteristics, data

specification of AS-i.
 Be aware of AS-i components (using Siemens
technology).
 Know how to apply AS-I for a simple control
application.

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 3.1. AS-I and Applications

AS-i, The Simplest Automation Networking Solution

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 3.1. AS-I and Applications
 Actuator Sensor interface (AS-i) is a simple wire
reduction system. Easy to install and commission.
 Connects inputs and outputs via a single two wire
flat cable.
 Easily replaces point
to point wiring and
complements existing
higher level bus
systems.
 Reduces wiring and
eliminates multiple
termination points.
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 3.1. AS-I and Applications

Customer Benefits
Easy installation and operation thanks to simple
design.
Cost savings for connection technology and
installation due to single-line power and data
transmission.
High degree of operational reliability thanks to
continuous monitoring of the connected devices.
Reduced control cabinet size due to fewer I/O
modules and terminals.

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 3.1. AS-I and Applications

Fewer terminal boxes in the field thanks to the

modules„ degree of protection IP67.
Easy and fast commissioning.
Reduced maintenance in product fault cases due
to hot-swap slave replacement without having to
re-teach the master.
Reduced downtime of the AS-i network thanks to
easy visualization of the complete network without
extra wiring.

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i

Standardization of the AS-Interface system per

IEC 62026-2 and EN 50295.
Master / slave principal.
Line, star or tree topology allows easy design and
layout.
Degrees of protection IP65 with products from
IP20 to IP69K.
Basic system with max. 31 slaves with max. 4I/4O
each.

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i

 Unshielded cable with 2 x 1.5 mm².

 Maximum bus cycle time of 5 ms (or 10 ms with
A/B slaves).
 100m extension in any tree structure up to 200m
by using the Extension Plug.
 300m by using repeater or extender.
 ASI-safe up to Cat. 4 in acc. with EN 954-1 / up to
SIL 3 in acc. with IEC 61508.

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i
One cable for many bits of data.
One master replaces
many PLC I/O cards =
less wiring.
Quick disconnect at
modules vs. point-to-
point terminations.
I/O modules connect
easily to the bus via
insulation displacement
connectors (IDC).
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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i

Flat Cable: Simple Installation & Expansion

Mechanically coded flat mechanical coded
cable AS-i and flat cable

additional power supply.

Insulation displacement
connectors simple &
safe protection class up
to IP67, cables reseals piercing connectors
AS-Interface
up to IP65. electro-mechanics

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i

AS-I Components

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i
AS-I Topologies
Simple and quick implementation of the system.
cost-efficient modification or expansion of the
network.
No terminating resistors.

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i
Standard structure
Max distance of 100 m from Master to any Slaves.

standard 100m

100 m (109 yd)

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 3.2. Physical Features of AS-i
Extension structure
Up to 2 Repeaters.
Max of extension structure length of 300m.
Master distance can be done by using Extender.
with repeater 300m

300 m (328 yd)

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 3.3. Data Specifications of AS-i

AS-I Data exchange

AS-Interface Master output data

Slave 1

input data

output data
Slave 2
cycle time:
- max. 5 ms
input data
(standard mode)
- max 10 ms .
(A/B-mode) .
.
Slave n
output data

input data

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 3.3. Data Specifications of AS-i

master request slave response

0 SB A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 PB 1 0 SB D3 D2 D1 D0 PB 1

ST EB ST EB

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 3.3. Data Specifications of AS-i
 Modulation Technique uses APM code.

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 3.4. AS-i Components and Technology

Masters for Simatic

 Up 31AS-Interface slaves can be
connected
 Integrated analog value transmission
 For an S7-300 master, the AS-Interface
can be configured and uploaded in Step 7
C 7 for CP 243-2 for
 Configuring is not required
SIMATIC C7 SIMATIC S7-200
 Simple operation in the I/O address range
 The power supply voltage on the AS-
Interface profiled cable is monitored

Your advantage: Simple coupling

to the SIMATIC S7-300, S7-200, ET
CP142-2 for CP 343-2P for
200S or SIMATIC C7
SIMATIC ET 200X SIMATIC S7-300

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 3.4. AS-i Components and Technology

Links to PROFIBUS / PROFINET

 PROFIBUS slave and AS-Interface master

 Up to 62 AS-Interface slaves can be
connected
 CPs for the AS-Interface do not have to be
configured
 integrated analog value transfer
 possibility to configure and upload the AS-
Interface configuration in STEP 7

DP/ASi Link
Link 20E Advanced
Your advantage: Optimum
transition to PROFIBUS
integrated in STEP 7
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 3.4. AS-i Components and Technology

Compact Modules K45 and K60

 Degree of protection IP65/IP67, IP68/69K
 ATEX-certified modules are available for
hazardous Zone 22
 M8/M12 connection sockets
 Up to 8 inputs and 4 outputs
 Contacts are established that are protected
against incorrect polarity
 Rail mounting and wall mounting are possible
 The module can be mounted to a baseplate
using just one screw
 Diagnostic LEDs

Your advantage: The installation and

K45 K60
commissioning times are reduced by
up to 40%

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 3.4. AS-i Components and Technology

Pushbuttons / Indicator Lights

 Can be mounted in a modular fashion according to
individual requirements
 Metal and plastic versions
 Extended address mode (A-B technique)
 With LEDs or incandescent lamps

Complete 3SB3 operator system with simple AS-

Interface connection
Signaling Columns
 Many optical and acoustic elements can be combined
 Up to 4 signal elements can be connected using
adapter elements
 With LEDs or incandescent lamps
Signaling columns to monitor production
sequences and to visually an alarm in
emergency situations with a simple AS-Interface
connection
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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
AS-i with CP 242-2

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Address Configuration of CP 242-2
CPU 214 CP 242 – 2
I0.0 Q0.0 I2.0 Q2.0 AIW0 AQW0
I0.1 Q0.1 I2.1 Q2.1 AIW2 AQW2
I0.2 Q0.2 I2.2 Q2.2 AIW4 AQW4
I0.3 Q0.3 I2.3 Q2.3 AIW6 AQW6
I0.4 Q0.4 I2.4 Q2.4 AIW8 AQW8

CPU 214 CP 242-2 I0.5 Q0.5 I2.5 Q2.5 AIW10 AQW10

I0.6 Q0.6 I2.6 Q2.6 AIW12 AQW12
I0.7 Q0.7 I2.7 Q2.7 AIW14 AQW14
I1.0 Q1.0

I1.1 Q1.1

I1.2

I1.3

I1.4

I1.5

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
State bits of CP 242-2

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

0 RESPONSE 0 0 0 0 CP_Ready Mode

Mô tả bit
RESPONSE Bit đáp ứng cho giao tiếp lệnh

CP_READY = 1 CP 242-2 sẵn sàng cho sự hoạt động

MODE =1 CP 242-2 trong chế độ cấu hình

MODE = 0 CP 242-2 trong chế độ bảo vệ

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Control Bits of CP 242-2
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

PLC_RUN COMMAND 0 0 BS3 BS2 BS1 BS0

Mô tả bit
PLC_RUN Chế độ CPU phải gởi tín hiệu tới CP 242-2 dùng
bit PLC_RUN để tiếp tục.
PLC_RUN = 0 Cho CP 242-2 biết CPU đang trong chế độ
STOP. CP 242-2 gởi “0” tới tất cả slave.
PLC_RUN =1 Cho CP 242-2 đó biết CPU đang trong chế
độ RUN. CP 242-2 gởi nội dung của trang 0 đầu ra tới tất cả
slaves. Chương trình phải gởi set bit lên 1 khi bắt đầu giao
tiếp với các Slaves.

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2

Mô tả bit
COMMAND Xác định nhiệm vụ của CP 242-2 trong chế
độ gởi lệnh (xem Chương 5. Mở rộng hoạt động).
BS3_BS0 Những bit chọn trang dùng để lựa chọn
trang trong mođun tương tự (xem Mục 3.3, Ý nghĩa của dữ
liệu trong mođun tương tự)
*4 bit (BS 0 3) sẽ chọn được 16 trang, mỗi trang này tương
ứng với một vùng nhớ đặc trưng trên CP 242-2.

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Input Data of Slaves at CP 242-2 Memory
Bank Thứ tự Byte Bit 7-4 Bit 3-0
0 M+0 Reserved Slave 1
bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1

0 M+1 Slave 2 Slave 3

0 M+2 Slave 4 Slave 5
0 M+3 Slave 6 Slave 7
0 M+4 Slave 8 Slave 9
0 M+5 Slave 10 Slave 11
0 M+6 Slave 12 Slave 13
0 M+7 Slave 14 Slave 15
0 M+8 Slave 16 Slave 17
0 M+9 Slave 18 Slave 19
0 M+10 Slave 20 Slave 21
0 M+11 Slave 22 Slave 23
0 M+12 Slave 24 Slave 25
0 M+13 Slave 26 Slave 27
0 M+14 Slave 28 Slave 29
0 M+15 Slave 30 Slave 31
bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1 bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1

M - Địa chỉ đầu tiên của vùng nhớ AIW của CP 242-2, phụ thuộc cấu hình Master
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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Output Data of Slaves at CP 242-2 Memory
Bank Thứ tự Byte Bit 7-4 Bit 3-0
0 N+0 Reserved Slave 1
bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1

0 N+1 Slave 2 Slave 3

0 N+2 Slave 4 Slave 5
0 N+3 Slave 6 Slave 7
0 M+4 Slave 8 Slave 9
0 N+5 Slave 10 Slave 11
0 N+6 Slave 12 Slave 13
0 N+7 Slave 14 Slave 15
0 N+8 Slave 16 Slave 17
0 N+9 Slave 18 Slave 19
0 N+10 Slave 20 Slave 21
0 N+11 Slave 22 Slave 23
0 N+12 Slave 24 Slave 25
0 N+13 Slave 26 Slave 27
0 N+14 Slave 28 Slave 29
0 N+15 Slave 30 Slave 31
bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1 bit 4 | bit 3 | bit 2 | bit 1

N - Địa chỉ đầu tiên của vùng nhớ AIW của CP 242-2, phụ thuộc cấu hình Master
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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Example
Find address of following signals:

S6 S28 (A2)
(A) (C2)
(C)

(B) (D2)
(B2)

S15
(C1) (A1)
CPU
CPU214,
214,6AI/3AO,
CP 242-2
(D1) (B1)
CP 242-2

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
APPENDIX: Design Guideline
1/ Phân tích bài toán nhằm xác định thông tin,
tín hiệu sensor/actuator (loại, số lượng, vị trí)
cần thiết, sử dụng cho hệ thống.
2/ Xây dựng cấu trúc mạng: Master (chủng loại,
vị trí), Slaves (số lượng, vị trí), cáp truyền dẫn
(kích thước, thiết bị phụ trợ, nguồn). Vẽ hình
cấu trúc mạng thể hiện sự liên kết các phần tử
với nhau.

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 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2

3/ Cấu hình các slave: đặt địa chỉ, cấu hình cho
các pin (vào/ra), gán tên cho tín hiệu và Lập bảng
cấu hình.
Slave Tín hiệu Pin num. Input/Output

S1 Button_On_Remote 2 I

4/ Theo cấu hình của Master (Loại CPU, CP, kiểu

kết nối) và bảng cấu hình của Slave, xác định địa
chỉ của các tín hiệu vào/ra của hệ thống trên vùng
nhớ analog của Master: AIx.m hoặc AQy.n

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 33

 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2

Bảng địa chỉ các tín hiệu vào/ra của hệ thống

Slave Tín hiệu Pin I/O Địa chỉ

S1 Button_On_Remote 2 I AI0.1
S3 On_Command 3 O AQ1.2

5/ Phân tích các yêu cầu điều khiển  Giải thuật điều
khiển.
6/ Lập trình dùng Step 7.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 34

 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Project Title
Hãy thiết kế một mạng AS-I (CPU 214, CP 242-2) điều khiển
một một hệ thống đóng-mở cổng có các yêu cầu sau:
1/ Có thể ĐK tại chỗ/từ xa với khoảng cách 50 m;
2/ Có hai chế độ ĐK, Auto/Manual;
3/ Bộ điều khiển 3 vị trí, điều khiển động cơ quay
(Thuận/nghịch/dừng) tương ứng với dịch chuyển
(Mở/đóng/dừng) cửa;
4/ Xác định vị trí đã đóng, đã mở của cửa bằng CT hành trình.
5/ Dùng nút nhấn, đèn báo để ra lệnh và báo hiệu với chế độ
điều khiển bằng tay
6/ Dùng motion detector sensor để phát hiện xe có xe trong chế
độ điều khiển tự động.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 35
 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
2 CTHT 2 Motion sensor
Dong_CTHT Motion_In
Khóa lựa chọn : Mo_CTHT Motion_Out
PS Master
Auto/Manual

Remote S6 Local S8
S1 S3 S2 S4
50 m

3 Nút nhấn 2 Đèn báo 3 Nút nhấn 3 Lệnh ĐK

Dong_B_TX Dong_L Dong_B_TC Dong_Com
Mo_B_TX Mo_L Mo_B_TC Mo_Com
Dung_B_TX Dung_B_TC Dung_Com
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 36
 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Slave Tín hiệu Pin I/O Slave Tín hiệu Pin I/O

S1 Dong_B_TX 2 I S6 Dong_CTHT 2 I
Mo_B_TX 3 I Mo_CTHT 3 I
Dung_B_TX 4 I S8 Motion_In 1 I
S2 Dong_B_TC 1 I Motion_Out 4 I
Mo_B_TC 3 I
Dung_B_TC 4 I
S3 Dong_L 1 O
Mo_L 3 O
S4 Dong_Com 2 O
Mo_Com 3 O
Dung_Com 4 O
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 37
 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Slave Tín hiệu Pin I/O Add

S1 Dong_B_TX 2 I AI0.1
Mo_B_TX 3 I AI0.2
Dung_B_TX 4 I AI0.3
S2 Dong_B_TC 1 I AI1.4
Mo_B_TC 3 I AI1.6
Dung_B_TC 4 I AI1.7
S3 Dong_L 1 O AQ1.0
Mo_L 3 O AQ1.2
S4 Dong_Com 2 O AQ2.5
Mo_Com 3 O AQ2.6
Dung_Com 4 O AQ2.7
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 38
 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2

ĐK bằng tay, Manual = 1

Đóng cửa: Nếu Dong_B_TX = 1 hoặc
Dong_B_TC=1
trong khi Dong_CTHT = 0
Thì Dong_Com = 1
Mở cửa: Nếu Mở_B_TX = 1 hoặc
Mở_B_TC=1
trong khi Mo_CTHT = 0
Thì Mo_Com = 1

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 39

 3.5. AS-i Master: CP 242-2
Move word tu AI sang V
memory
SI Q2.7,1 // PLC_chạy=1 AIW0 VW800

RI Q2.0,4 // BS03 = 0, chọn AI2

trang 0 V802
LD I2.1 //nếu CP 242-2 ready AI3 V803

BMW AIW0, VW800,8

LD I0.3 // Nếu Manual = 1 AI15 V815
Move word tu V sang AQ
A (V800.0 // và (Dong_B_TX = 1memory
O V801.4) // hoặc Dong_B_TC
AQW0 = 1) VW900

AN V803.5 // và Dong_CTHT = 0 AQ2 V902

= V902.5 AQ3 = 1
// thì gán Dong_Com V903

BMW VW900, AQW0, 8

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 40 40
AQ15 V915
 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS

 In this chapter, we have learnt:

 The general principles of AS-i.
 How to apply the AS-i for an control
application.
 READ & ASSIGNMENTS:
 [1]: 107124
 [2]: 182  199
 [5]: 36  77
 Searching Internet
 Prepare a personal report and a group
presentation about how to apply industrial
networks in a specific application in practice.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 41
 EXERCISES
Hãy thiết kế một mạng AS-I (CPU 214, CP 242-2) điều khiển
một mạch khởi động và dừng cho 2 động cơ (Bộ điều khiển
ON/OFF) đặt trong một phân xưởng cách phòng điều khiển
một khoảng cách là 80m và 110m.:
1/ Có thể ĐK tại chỗ/từ xa;
2/ Hai động cơ có thể đặt chế độ chạy độc lập hoặc phụ thuộc
(1 chạy - 1 dừng);
3/ Xác định trạng thái ON/OFF của động cơ, tín hiệu nguồn
cung cấp bằng các relay phụ;
4/ Dùng nút nhấn, đèn báo để ra lệnh và báo hiệu với chế độ
điều khiển bằng tay

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 42

 EXERCISES

30m 80m

Phòng Điều khiển

AS-i

-Hai động cơ chạy độc lập, cần kiểm tra đ/áp

nguồn
ĐC ĐC -Dùng tiếp điểm phụ của bộ điều khiển ĐC để
xác định trạng thái vận hành

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: AS-i network 43

 TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

402044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK

CHAPTER 4: PROFIBUS

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 CHAPTER CONTENTS

4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS

4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS
4.3. Data Specifications of PROFIBUS
4.4. PROFIBUS Profiles: FMS, DP and PA
4.5. Application Examples

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 2

 OBJECTIVES

 Understand physical characteristics, data

specification of PROFIBUS.
 Be aware of PROFIBUS components.
 Know how to apply PROFIBUS for a simple
control application.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 3

 4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS Family

Factory/plant level TCP/IP

Ethernet/ PROFINET
Demanding tasks,
extensive data
PC
DP/PA coupler
Master PLC

Cell/control level
PROFIBUS DP/FMS

High speed,
modest data HMI

PROFIBUS DP Exi
RS485 PROFIBUS PA - MBP

Field level

Slaves
Sensors Actuators Drives Remote Control Transmitters DP
I/O valves cells

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 4

 4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS

 PROFIBUS is a bi-directional digital communication

network for field devices.
 Multi-drop network, many devices on one cable.
 Communicates not only process values but also
diagnostics, device parameters, calibration and
performance data, etc.

 The data can represent analogue values and/or

discrete (digital) values.
 But all data is digitally encoded and transmitted.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 5
 4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS

 PROFIBUS is extensively specified

 All PROFIBUS devices are interoperable
 Multi vendor systems are easily constructed
 Best of breed devices can be selected
 Common set of tools for maintenance and engineering

 Very reliable and resilient when properly designed

and installed/

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 6

 4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS

 FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification), multimaster/peer-to-

peer, uses in the system bus of supervisor levels;
 DP (Distributed Peryphery), master/slave - Fast
communication with intelligent, distributed I/O devices;
 PA (Process Automation), intrinsically safe version of DP for
hazardous areas.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 7
 4.1. Introduction to PROFIBUS

Controllers

Actuators

Sensors

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 8

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS
Topology Bus configuration and
repeater
PROFIBUS with RS-485 Medium Twisted pairs (STP)

Max. length of 1,000 m with transmission

one segment speed < = 187.5 Kbps
(depending on 400 m with transmission
cable types, speed 500 Kbps
transmission 200 m with transmission
speed) speed 1.5 Mbps
100 m with transmission
speed 3.6 và 12 Mbps
Max. number of Max. of 9
repeaters
Num. of devices Max. 32 for each segment
Max. 126 for the whole
network using repeaters

Transmission 9.6 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 45.45

speed Kbps, 93.75 Kbps, 187.5
Kbps, 500 Kbps, 1.5Mbps,
3 Mbps, 6 Mbps, 12 Mbps

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 9

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS

Up to 200 metres long Example

@ 1.5 Mbps network speed

M S S S

Segment 1 – up to 32 devices

Up to 400 metres @ 500 Kbps

M S S S

Segment 1 – but still only 32 devices allowed

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 10
 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS

Example

M S S S S S S

Repeater
Segment 1 – up to 32 devices Segment 2 – up to 32 more

This link should be

S S S
at least 1 metre
long!
Repeater

Segment 3 – up to 32 more

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 11

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS DP with Optical Wire Topology Tree configuration

integrated optical
interface by OBT or Bus,
Star, Ring using OLM

Media Glass fiber, PCF or

Plastic fiber optic cables
Length Glass: 2-3 km (max
between 2 15km in single mode)
OLMs PCF: 80m
Plastic: 50m

Transmission 12 Mbps
speed

Number of Max 32 electrical

devices participants per OLM.
Max 122 for the whole
OLM ring

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 12

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS DP/PA Link

Topology Bus, Star, Tree

Medium STP cable, permits
simultaneous transmission
of digital data and powering
of the bus.

Length 1900 m per segment

Num. of Max. of 32 devices per

Devices segment.
Max. of 126 devices for the
whole network, but
depending on the DP/PA
links and power capacity.

Transmission 31.25kBits/s
speed

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 13

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS

With PA segments, due to low data speed, segment length can be

up to 1900 metres, with junction boxes and spurs allowed.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 14
 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS
 PROFIBUS DP - Decentralised Periphery
Low cost, simple, high speed field-
level communications
 Generally designed for internal use
(cabinet mounting)

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 15

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS

 PROFIBUS PA - Process Automation

 Developed specifically for the process industry to
replace 4-20mA transmission
 Two-wire connection carrying both power and data
 Generally designed for external use (field mounting)

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 16

 4.2. Physical Features of PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS connectors
 PROFIBUS DP uses 2-core RS485
screened twisted pair wiring
 9-pin sub-D or M12 connectors
extensively used
 DP can also use plastic or glass fibre
optic cabling
 BFOC (ST) connectors widely
used
 PROFIBUS PA uses “Manchester Bus
Powered” (MBP) cabling over 2 cores
 Glanded screw or M12
connection normally used
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 17
 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS Access control technique

 Token passing to share the time slots between the masters.
 Master/slave mechanism with a predefined polling list to do
communication between a master and its slaves.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 18
 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS
Operator Manager Engineer
Token
passing
Monitoring Engineering
loop
FMS

Class-2 Class-1
Master/
master master Control slave
PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA cycle

Drives Actuators Instruments Valves

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 19
 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS
Structure of Communication Frame

>=1 1 1 2 2 0 – 244 4 1
Preamble SD FC DA SA Data FCS ED

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 20

 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS

>=1 1 1 2 2 0 – 244 4 1
Preamble SD FC DA SA Data FCS ED

 Preamble
 SD (Start Delimiter)
 FC (Frame Control)
 Destination Address (DA)
 Source Address (SA)
 Data
 FSC (Frame Check Sequence)
 End of frame (ED)

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 21

 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS MASTER Modes:
 Class-1 master (DPM1)
 Responsible for cyclic or regular data exchange. This
provides all process values for control and monitoring.
 Must be configured to communicate with the slaves.
 Class-2 masters (DPM2)
 can be used for acyclic access to management and
engineering information from devices, e.g. address setting
for some device types. This is particularly important in PA
systems where extensive device information can be
accessed in a standardised way.
 do not need configuration, however they do need
information on the devices that are to be accessed.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 22

 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS

 Configuration is normally carried out using a proprietary

software tool supplied for the PROFIBUS master station.
 All PROFIBUS equipment suppliers provide standard
General Station Description or GSD files.
 GSD files can be read by the configuration tool to provide
detailed information on the devices being used on the
bus.
 GSD files simplify integration of devices from different
vendors into a bus system.
 The device information can be provided in either:
 Electronic Device Description (EDD) files.
 Device Type Manager (DTM) software.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 23

 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS

Configuration
tool
Master
Class I

GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD

GSD files
PROFIBUS

Slaves

Every PROFIBUS device is given a unique identification number

which identifies the type of device. The GSD file is specific to the ID
number and includes the ID number in its filename.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 24
 4.3. Data Configurations of PROFIBUS

The PROFIBUS PA Profile

 It provides a mandatory specification for all PA devices.
 It specifies the organisation of the cyclic data so that the
process value for every device is standardized.
 The Process Value is always communicated in a standardised
format:
 Standard floating point format for analogue values.
 Standard digital format for discrete values.
 Plus a standardised status value which encodes the
quality of the measurement (good, bad, usable etc.).
 The profile also specifies the organisation of the acyclic data
so that standard tools can be used to access this data.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 25

 4.4. PROFIBUS Family

 FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification), multimaster/peer-to-

peer, uses in the system bus of supervisor levels;
 DP (Distributed Peryphery), master/slave - Fast
communication with intelligent, distributed I/O devices;
 PA (Process Automation), intrinsically safe version of DP for
hazardous areas.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 26
 4.4. PROFIBUS Family
PROFIBUS Protocol related to ISO/OSI model

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 27

 4.4. PROFIBUS Family

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 28

 4.5. PROFIBUS Applications

Car manufacture Water Treatment and sewage

Pipelines Bottling Plants

 Manufacturing Automation
Car manufacturing
Bottling systems Paper and Printing
Storage systems Industry

 Process Automation
Brewing
Water and sewage treatment industry

Chemical and petrochemical plants

Paper and textile industries
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 29
 4.5. PROFIBUS Applications
Precious
metals
recovery

Polymer production and Building Automation

Storage

 Building Automation
Traffic automation
Heating, air-conditioning
 Power industry and power distribution
Power plants Food Industry
Switchgear
 Functional safety systems
 High reliability systems
 Redundancy.
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 30
 4.5. PROFIBUS Applications
Customer benefits
 Totally standardised and interoperable devices
Well tried, tested and successful on-going
technology
Excellent range of kit available : best of breed
devices
Ensures compatibility
Protects your investment

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 31

 4.5. PROFIBUS Applications

 Flexible connection technologies

Systems for internal or external use
Saves wiring – but things can still go wrong!
Versatile range of specialist test equipment
available
Training in design, installation & maintenance is
essential
 Separate Levels of access
Control /monitoring : Engineering /management
info

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 32

 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS
 In this chapter, we have learnt:
 The general principles of PROFIBUS.
 How to apply the PROFIBUS for an control
application.
 READ & ASSIGNMENTS:
 [1]: 107124
 [2]: 182  199
 [5]: 36  77
 Searching Internet
 Prepare a personal report and a group
presentation about how to apply industrial
networks in a specific application in practice.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 33

 EXERCISES
Hãy thiết kế một mạng PROFIBUS (S7-1500) điều khiển một
một hệ thống cung cấp nước cho tòa nhà cao tầng gồm 2
bồn, bồn dưới đặt gần nhà điều khiển, bồn trên đặt tại tầng
thượng với độ cao 50 m;
1/ Có hai chế độ ĐK, Auto/Manual;
2/ Bộ điều khiển cho pump là (ON/OFF);
4/ Xác định mức nước trên 2 bồn là cảm biến mức analog (0-
10V).
5/ Dùng nút nhấn, đèn báo để ra lệnh và báo hiệu với chế độ
điều khiển bằng tay
6/ Xác định trạng thái nguồn, On/Off, undervoltage relay của
bơm bằng các tín hiệu digital.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 34

 EXERCISES

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 3: Typical industrial networks 35

 TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

402044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK

CHAPTER 3: PROFINET

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 CHAPTER CONTENTS

5.1. Giới thiệu về Industrial Ethernet

5.2. So sánh giữa PROFIBUS và PROFINET
5.3. Kỹ thuật truyền thông IRT trong PROFINET
5.4. Các thiết bị và công nghệ sử dụng PROFINET
5.5. Project to apply the Siemens technology for a
industrial control application

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 2

 OBJECTIVES

 Understand physical characteristics, data

specification of PROFINET.
 Be aware of PROFINET components.
 Know how to apply PROFINET for a simple
control application.

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 3

 3.4. ProfiNet

What is The ProfiNET?

 the open Industrial Ethernet standard developed by
PROFIBUS International Organization (PIO)
 based on Industrial Ethernet
 utilizes TCP/IP and IT-Standards
 support Real-Time Ethernet
 seamless integration of field bus systems

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 4

 3.4. ProfiNet

ProfiNET – complete and comprehensive solution

Process
Real-time
Safety
Communication

IT-Standards Distributed
& Security PROFINET Field Devices

Network Motion
Installation Control
Distributed
Intelligence

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 5

 3.4. ProfiNet

Office VS.
Factory
Networks

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 6

 3.4. ProfiNet

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 7

 3.4. ProfiNet

Transmission Mode: Full-duplex

Transmission of data in two directions simultaneously

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 8

 3.4. ProfiNet

Transmission as defined in IEC 8802-3 (100 BASE-

TX)
Conducting wires
Twisted Pair as defined in IEC 11801, CAT5e (Details
IEC 61156)
Hybrid version with Power & Signal

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 9

 3.4. ProfiNet

 Connectors IP20
RJ45 from office application
Useful for industrial application (connectable to AWG22)
Can be assembled in the field
 Connector IP65 (outside of cabinet)
Compatible to IP20 variant
Can be assembled in the field
Hybrid variant with Power & Signal
M12 plug connector (with 4 poles)

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 10

 3.4. ProfiNet

Transmission as defined in IEC 8802-3 (100 BASE-

FX)
Conducting wires
 Glass fiber optic ISO/IEC 60793, 60794
 Multi-mode fiber: max. 2 km
 Mono-mode fiber: max. 14 km

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 11

 3.4. ProfiNet

Connectors IP20
 Type SC-Duplex (Push/Pull Connector)
 Type BFOC/2,5 (Bayonet Connector)
 Can be assembled in the field
 Connector IP65 (outside of cabinet)
 Simplex connector
 Can be assembled in the field
 Hybrid variant with Power & Signal

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 12

 3.4. ProfiNet

PROFINET features standard TCP/IP communications in

compliance with IEEE 802.3 and real-time communications
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 13
 3.4. ProfiNet

HMI
Controller

Security Switching Wireless

Safety

Distributed Sensors
I/O HMI
Proxy
Proxy Motion Control Robotic
& Drives
Other field buses
Safety

Distributed
I/O

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 14

 3.4. ProfiNet
Internet

Factory Automation Motion Control

<100ms <10ms <1ms

IT-services TCP/IP

RT IRT

Real-time Ethernet
 Simultaneous real-time and IT-service on one cable
 Scalable real-time communication from non-critical time
applications up to high performance applications
 Unlimited TCP/IP communication
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 15
 3.4. ProfiNet
Network Configuration

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 16

 3.4. ProfiNet
ProfiNet with IRT (Isochronous Real-time)
 Fast Ethernet with  Fast simultaneous exchange
switching technology of setpoint and actual values (100 Mbit/s)
 Time synchronization  Requirement for
of the switches  Isochronous mode
 Deterministic  Essential for motion control
communication cycle
 Reservation of time areas  Guaranteed performance for motion & IT

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 17

 3.4. ProfiNet

 Bandwidth reservation for isochronous communication

 IRT permits high-precision synchronization
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 18
 3.4. ProfiNet
 Benefits and added value for our customers
 Hard Real-time and parallel TCP/IP communication
 Isochronous applications for Motion Control
 Quantum leap in comparison with conventional fieldbuses

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 3.4. ProfiNet

Protect investments by integrating networks

 Including gateways for PROFIBUS, Interbus, AS-Interface and other
fieldbuses
 Including controllers with PROFINET and PROFIBUS interface
03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 20
 3.4. ProfiNet
Benefits by integrating networks in ProfiNet
Protects your investment
 Seamless integration of existing fieldbuses
 Easy conversion of existing devices
 No additional tools or training needed
Save costs: due to using the existing Ethernet networks
Uniformity: Uniform physical network concept
Save time
 Reduce engineering and testing time
 Cut time needed for migration

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 21

 3.4. ProfiNet

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 22

 3.4. ProfiNet
Filling Cleaning

Labeling

Palletizing

Packaging

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 23

 3.4. ProfiNet
Ethernet

Cleaning Filling Labeling Packaging

 Machines from different OEMs

 OEMs implementing different automation architectures
 Machines controlled by different PLCs

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Cleaning
CALL #BSEND (
ID: 1
Filling
DBSend PLC2:
R_ID: BoolVar1 BOOL DBRecvPLC1:
SD_1: BoolVar2 BOOL BoolVar1 BOOL
ERROR: ...) DwordVar1 DWORD BoolVar2 BOOL CALL #RECV
ID1 DwordVar1 DWORD
CALL #BRECV (
DBSendPLC1:
ID: DBRecv PLC2: BoolVar1 BOOL
R_ID: BoolVar1 BOOL BoolVar2 BOOL CALL #SEND
RD_1: BoolVar2 BOOL BoolVar3 BOOL
BoolVar3 BOOL DwordVar1 DWORD
ERROR: ...)
DwordVar1 DWORD

CALL #BSEND (
ID: 1 DBSend PLC3:
R_ID: BoolVar1
BoolVar2
BOOL
BOOL
Labeling
SD_1:
DwordVar1 DWORD
ERROR: ...) DBRecvPLC1:
ID2 BoolVar1 BOOL
CALL #RECV
CALL #BRECV ( BoolVar2 BOOL
ID: DwordVar1 DWORD
DBRecv PLC3:
R_ID: BoolVar1 BOOL DBSendPLC1:
RD_1: BoolVar2 BOOL BoolVar1 BOOL
ERROR: ...) BoolVar3 BOOL BoolVar2 BOOL
CALL #SEND
DwordVar1 DWORD BoolVar3 BOOL
DwordVar1 DWORD

 Know-how about communication functions is necessary

 Functions are different depending on control platforms
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 3.4. ProfiNet
Cleaning

START STARTING
Labeling
STOP READY
Cnt_IN RUNNING START STARTING

Cnt_OUT STOP READY

Lifestate Cnt_IN RUNNING

ICnt_OUT

Lifestate

Filling
 Graphical configuration of
START STARTING
the communication between machines
STOP READY
 No detailed knowledge of communication functions required
Cnt_IN RUNNING

Cnt_OUT

Lifestate

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Machine builder A Machine builder B Machine builder C

Filling Labeling Packaging

Step1:
Create
components

Configuring Configuring

Programming Programming

Filling Labeling Packaging

Reset Running Reset Running Reset Running
Enable Finished Enable Finished Enable Finished
Start Enable Start Enable Start Enable
Stop Fault Stop Fault Stop Fault

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Manufacturer Independent

Step 2:
Import PROFInet Engineering Tool
components
PCD PCD PCD

Filling Labeling Packaging

Reset Running Reset Running Reset Running
Enable Finished Enable Finished Enable Finished
Start Enable Start Enable Start Enable
Stop Fault Stop Fault Stop Fault

Machine builder A Machine builder B Machine builder 3

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 3.4. ProfiNet

Labeling Packaging
Step 3: Link Reset Running Reset Running

components Enable Finished Enable

Start
Finished
Pack
Pack
Start Enable Enable
Stop Fault Stop Fault

Label
Label
Filling
Reset Running
Enable Finished Fill Fill
Start Enable
Stop Fault

e.g. Siemens SIMATIC iMap

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 3.4. ProfiNet
SIMATIC iMap
Plant-wide engineering tool
Multi-system intercommunications
Technology
Graphical configuration of communication view

Hierarchical navigation

Network
view

6ES7 820-0CC03-0YX0
available (V2.0)

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 3.4. ProfiNet
iMap

Download of the connections to the devices

PROFINET

Automatic setup of device communication

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Component
error

Connection
error

Status of
connection

Device
status

Error
Details

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Cleaning Filling Labeling Packaging
ON STARTING ON STARTING ON STARTING ON STARTING
START READY START READY START READY START READY
STOP RUNNING STOP RUNNING STOP RUNNING STOP RUNNING
HELD HELD HELD HELD
Lifestate Lifestate Lifestate Lifestate

New machine

 Configuring instead
machine out of programming and debugging
machine in  Simplify the interoperability between multiple vendors
 Standardization of machines
and their functionality

 Flexibility to reconfigure the manufacturing flow

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 3.4. ProfiNet
Labeling Packaging

Ethernet

?
Proxy

Cleaning Filling

Fieldbus

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 3.4. ProfiNet
PROFINET

PROFINET PROFINET
proxies proxies

Cleaning Filling Labeling Packaging

On On On On On On On On
Start Stopped Stopped Start Stopped Start Stopped
Start
Stop Running Stop Running Stop Running Stop Running
Ready Ready Ready Ready
Lifestate Lifestate Lifestate Lifestate

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 3.4. ProfiNet

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 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS

 In this chapter, we have learnt:

 The basic principles of various typical industrial
networks, including AS-I, ProfiBus/ProfiNET, CAN,
MODBUS, etc.
 The scope and applications of each network.
 ASSIGNMENTS:
 Refer : [3]: (1.1) – (8.1)
 Prepare a personal report and a group presentation
about how to apply industrial networks in a specific
application in practice.

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 EXERCISES
Hãy thiết kế một mạng AS-I (CPU 214, CP 242-2) điều khiển
một mạch khởi động và dừng cho 2 động cơ (Bộ điều khiển
ON/OFF) đặt trong một phân xưởng cách phòng điều khiển
một khoảng cách là 80m và 110m.:
1/ Có thể ĐK tại chỗ/từ xa;
2/ Hai động cơ có thể đặt chế độ chạy độc lập hoặc phụ thuộc
(1 chạy - 1 dừng);
3/ Xác định trạng thái ON/OFF của động cơ, tín hiệu nguồn
cung cấp bằng các relay phụ;
4/ Dùng nút nhấn, đèn báo để ra lệnh và báo hiệu với chế độ
điều khiển bằng tay

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 EXERCISES

30m 80m

Phòng Điều khiển

AS-i

-Hai động cơ chạy độc lập, cần kiểm tra đ/áp

nguồn
ĐC ĐC -Dùng tiếp điểm phụ của bộ điều khiển ĐC để
xác định trạng thái vận hành

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 EXERCISES
Hãy thiết kế một mạng Profinet (S7-1500) điều khiển một một
hệ thống cung cấp nước cho tòa nhà cao tầng gồm 2 bồn,
bồn dưới đặt gần nhà điều khiển, bồn trên đặt tại tầng thượng
với độ cao 50 m;
1/ Có hai chế độ ĐK, Auto/Manual;
2/ Bộ điều khiển cho pump là (ON/OFF);
4/ Xác định mức nước trên 2 bồn là cảm biến mức analog (0-
10V).
5/ Dùng nút nhấn, đèn báo để ra lệnh và báo hiệu với chế độ
điều khiển bằng tay
6/ Xác định trạng thái nguồn, On/Off, undervoltage relay của
bơm bằng các tín hiệu digital.

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 EXERCISES

03/10/2016 402044 – Chapter 5: PROFINET 41

 TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL and
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

402044
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK

CHAPTER 6: CAN, DEVICENET,

AND MODBUS

Dr. Dinh Hoang Bach

 CHAPTER CONTENTS

6.1. CAN
6.2. DEVICENET
6.3. MODBUS

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MODBUS
 OBJECTIVES

 Understand physical characteristics, data

specification of various popular networks in
practice.
 Know how to apply a network to connect
devices in control systems.
 Know the advantages and disadvantages of
popular industrial networks.

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN

CAN
Bus
Protocol

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CAN INTRODUCTION
 Originally developed by Robert Bosch for
automobile in-vehicle network in the 1980s
 For reliable data exchange between ECUs
 Robust in noisy environments
 Compact, fast, and cost effective
 It is a object-based protocol.
 There are no defined addresses, just defined
objects (messages).

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN

CAN Standard Specification

 CAN Protocol is Standardized by ISO
 ISO - 11898 and ISO11519-2, with no much
difference except at the Physical Layer
 ISO - 11898 is a standard for high-speed CAN
communication
 ISO - 11519 is a standard for low-speed CAN
communication

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Before CAN – Parallel connections

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CAN – one bus, multi devices

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Real world applications
 Automotive
 Military vehicles
 Industrial machinery
 Medical systems
 Agricultural machinery
 Marine control and navigation
 Elevator control systems

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Real world application for Cars

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Physical Features of CAN
 Commonly using Two-Twisted wires with two
termination resistors of 120 ohms.
 Physical layer interface RS-485.
Twisted Pair Connection
for bi-directional data

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CAN characteristics
 Transmission Speed (Bit Rate) and Bus Length
1M bit/sec 40 meters (131 feet)
500K bit/sec 100 meters (328 feet)
250K bit/sec 200 meters (656 feet)
125K bit/sec 500 meters (1640 feet)
 The maximum number of nodes is not specified
 Networks are limited by electrical loading, up to 64
nodes is normal.
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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Data Specifications of CAN
 All messages are broadcast.
 Any node is allowed to broadcast a message.
 Each message contains an ID that identifies the
source or content of a message.
 Each receiver decides to process or ignore each
message.

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CAN Message types:
 Data Frame : Used to transmit data.
 Remote Frame : Used to request data
transmission.
 Error Frame : Sent by a node that detects an
erro.r
 Overload Frame : Sent by a node to request a
delay in transmission.

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Standard Data Frame

Extended Data Frame

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
Access control
 CSMA/CA
 All nodes must wait for an idle bus condition.
 If two nodes begin transmitting simultaneously,
they then participate in an arbitration process.
 Wired-AND mechanism.
 The node with the lower ID number wins the
arbitration and continues transmitting its message.
 The loser of the arbitration backs off and re-tries.

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CSMA/CA & Wired-AND Logic

- 17 -
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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CAN Data Error Detection
 Bit Monitoring (Sender Task)
Compares every bit placed on the CAN bus with the actual
bus level.
Discrepancy indicates a bit monitoring error and results in
error handling.
 Stuff Check (Receiver Task)
Compares arriving bit stream for a sequence of six
homogeneous bits.
Detection of a sixth homogeneous bit indicates bit stuffing
error and results in error handling.

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
 Form Check (Receiver Task)
 Comparison of the arriving bit stream with the message
format
 Detection of a dominant delimiter bit (CRC delimiter, ACK
delimiter) or a dominant bit within EOF indicates a format
error and results in error handling
 Cyclic Redundancy Check (Receiver Task)
Utilizes the arriving bit stream and generator polynomial for
the Cyclic Redundancy Check defined in ISO 11898-1
Detection of a CRC error results in error handling

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
 ACK Check
 Sender Task
 Acknowledge error (ACK error) is detected if the recessive
level placed by the sender is not overwritten
 Detection of an ACK error results in error handling

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MODBUS
 6.1. CAN
CANOpen for non-automotive applications:
 Ships
 Locomotives, Railway Systems
 Building control, HVAC Systems
 Elevators
 Industrial Freezers, High Speed Printing Machines
 Many Others

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MODBUS
 6.2. DeviceNet

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
Introduction to DEVICENET
 DEVICENET is an application layer protocol
based on CAN 2.0A and is widely used in
industrial automation.
 Originally developed by Rockwell / Allen- Bradley
and is now an “open field” bus regulated by ODVA
(Open DEVICENET Vendors Association).
 It is an “open”, low level network that provides
connections between simple industrial devices
(such as sensors and actuators) to higher-level
devices (such as PLC controllers and computers).
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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET

 DeviceNet

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
 It uses a trunk line/drop line topology that provides
separate twisted pair busses for both signal and
power distribution which significantly reduces the
amount of hardcore wiring.

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
Physical Feature of DEVICENET
 This network allows a maximum of 64 logical
nodes and supports 125, 250 and 500
Kbits/second data transfer rates.
 Each module is assigned some priorities/IDs,
which are a function of the node number (called
MAC ID) and should be unique to avoid CAN
specification violation.

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET

 Selectable end-to-end network distance varies with

speed
 125 Kbps 500 m (1,640 ft)
 250 Kbps 250 m (820 ft)
 500 Kbps 100 m (328 ft)

 Max. of length is 1000 m, max. of spur is 6m with

physical interface of RS- 485.

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET

Data Configuration
 Support to cyclic and acyclic transmission services.
 Supports only Standard CAN.
 Uses production/consumption model for module to
module transfer.
 Peer-to-Peer with Multi-Cast (one-to-many); Multi-
Master and Master/Slave Polled or change-of-state
 Like CAN, the access control bus of DEVICENET
is CSMA/CA.
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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
 Each of these components in the DEVICENET are
organized into attributes, services (methods or
procedures), and behaviors of the components.
 These objects are defined by DEVICENET
specification. For instance, the identity object has
attributes such as vendor ID, device type, and
serial number.

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
 A device profile consists of
 device’s object model,
 I/O data format (including definition of assembly
object(s) for efficient data transfer and,
 the device’s configurable parameters documented in
electronic data sheet (EDS)

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
DEVICENET Frame Structure

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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
DEVICENET Frame Structure
 Start of Frame is a dominant bit. All stations must be
synchronized according to this start bit.
 ID (Indentifier) length of 11 bits including Message ID
and Source MAC ID, representatives for meaning of
information not the address. The ID classifies into 4
different types, depending on the arrangement between
Message ID and Source MAC ID, to define the message
groups.
 RTR bit (Remote Transmission Request) to distinguish
between data frame (dominant bit) and data request
frame (recessive bit).
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MODBUS
 6.2. DEVICENET
 The length of Control Field is 6 bits where the last 4 bits
codes the length of Data field (dominant bit = 0, recessive
bit = 1). The various remaining 2 bits define the standard
or extension frames.
 Data Field is in the range of 0-8 bytes where each byte is
consequently transmitted in the order from MSB to LSB.
 CRC Sequence (CRC) including 15 bits is the error check
field to verify the data bits of start of frame, ID, Control
field, and Data field.
 Acknowlegment (ACK) including 2 bits, to inform the CRC
check result.
 End of Frame is set at 7 recessive bits.
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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
MODBUS Overview
 MODBUS is an application layer messaging
protocol, positioned at level 7 of the OSI model,
which provides client/server communication
between devices connected on different types of
buses or networks.
 MODBUS developed by Modicon has become a de
facto serial standard since 1979. Today, it is one of
the most popular industrial networks and supported
by most industrial electronic equipment.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
 MODBUS is a request/reply protocol and offers
services specified by function codes. MODBUS
function codes are elements of MODBUS
request/reply PDUs.
 It is currently implemented in:
 TCP/IP over Ethernet.
 Asynchronous serial transmission over a variety of
media (wire: EIA/TIA-232-E, EIA-422, EIA/TIA-
485-A; fiber, radio, etc.)
 MODBUS PLUS, a high speed token passing
network.
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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

MODBUS
Architecture

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
The MODBUS protocol defines a simple protocol
data unit (PDU) independent of the underlying
communication layers, including some additional
fields on the application data unit (ADU).

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
The ADU of the client initiates a MODBUS
transaction. The MODBUS application protocol
establishes the format of a request initiated by a
client.
The function code field is coded in one byte unit,
in the range of 1 ... 255 decimal (the range 128 –
255 is reserved and used for exception responses),
sent from a Client to a Server device to tell
single/multiple actions.
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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
The data field of messages sent from a client to
server devices contains additional information that
the server uses to take the action defined by the
function code. This can include items like discrete
and register addresses. For example:
 a client can read the ON / OFF states of a group of
discrete outputs/inputs or
 it can read/write the data contents of a group of
registers.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

When the server responds to the client, it uses the

function code field to indicate either a normal
(error-free) response or that some kind of error
occurred (called an exception response). For a
normal response, the server simply echoes to the
request the original function code.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

For an exception response, the server returns a code that is equivalent to the
original function code from the request PDU with its most significant bit set to
logic 1.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
 The size of the MODBUS PDU is limited by the
size constraint inherited from the first MODBUS
implementation on Serial Line network (max.
RS485 ADU = 256 bytes).
 RS232 / RS485 ADU = 253 bytes + Server address (1
byte) + CRC (2 bytes) = 256 bytes.
 TCP MODBUS ADU = 253 bytes + MBAP (7 bytes) =
260 bytes.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

 A communicating system over MODBUS TCP/IP

may include different types of device:
 A MODBUS TCP/IP Client and Server devices
connected to a TCP/IP network.
 The Interconnection devices like bridge, router
or gateway for interconnection between the
TCP/IP network and a serial line sub-network
which permit connections of MODBUS Serial
line Client and Server end devices.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS
Data types of MODBUS
Distinction between inputs and outputs, and
Distinction between bit-addressable and word-addressable
data items.

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MODBUS
 6.3. MODBUS

Data
Transmission

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MODBUS
 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS

 In this chapter, we have learnt:

 The basic principles of various typical industrial
networks, including CAN, DEVICENET, MODBUS, etc.
 The scope and applications of each network.
 READ & ASSIGNMENTS:
 Refer : [1]: 199  206;
207  212;
185  197
Prepare a personal report and a group presentation
about how to apply industrial networks in a specific
application in practice.

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MODBUS