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Bulk Unit Weight - Bowles

Bulk Unit weight -Bowles

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Sheril Chandrabose
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273 views2 pages

Bulk Unit Weight - Bowles

Bulk Unit weight -Bowles

Uploaded by

Sheril Chandrabose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Fifth Edition Joseph E. Bowles, P.E., S.E. Consulting Engineer/Sofiware Consultant Engineering Computer Software Peoria, Mlinois The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotd Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto EXPLORATION, SAMPLING, AND IN SITU SOIL MEASUREMENTS 163 TABLE 3-4 Empirical values for ¢, D,, and unit weight of granular soils based on the SPT at about 6 m depth and normally consolidated [approximately, b = 28° + ISD, (+2°)| Description ‘Relative density D, 0 ors 035 065 0.85 SPT Ni: fine 12 36 Ts 16-30 2 medium 23 “7 820 21-40 >40 coarse 36 +9 1025 6-45 as fine Oy ee medium 2-28 30323236 BHD <50 coarse 28-30 30-34 33-40 40-50. * Excavated sl or material dumped from ack has a uit weight of {1 to 14 KN/n? and must be quite dense to weigh much over 21 ENim* No exiting soil has aD, = 0.00 ne a value of 100. Common ranges ae ftom ospo7 The following are several SPT N-value correlations for angle of friction . The top two of Eq. (3-5) are from Shioi and Fukui (1982), who obtained them from the Japanese Railway Standards: b= f18Nj +15 = 0.36Na9 +27 G5) = 4.5Nap + 20 (in general) The top equation of this set is for roads and bridges, and the second is for buildings (refer also to Table 3-4), Arrelationship for N and D, was propesed indirectly by Meyerhof (1957) as v =A+Bp, (3-5a) For this equation Skempton (1986), using a database of five different soils, found that A and B are site-Uependnt with a range in A of 15 to about 54 and in B from 0.306 to 0.204 (using the Njp base). This spread is such that using average valnes far A and R is somewhat risky: however, using averages we obtain = 32+ 0.288), (3-5b) N D with pi in kPa, For an average unit weight y of 16 to 17 kN/m} and a depth of about 6 m one obtains Njq/D? = 60, which was also used as a guide in designating the N values for normally consolidated sands of Table 3-4. For overconsolidated sands (OCR > 1), Skempton (1986) suggested the following adjustment: = A+ BCocep), (3-5e)

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