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    This document provides an introduction to railway engineering and the history and types of railways. It discusses how railway engineering deals with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks. It outlines the importance of rail transport for transporting heavy loads over long distances quickly and economically. The history of railways is traced from early uses in ancient times to modern developments like high speed trains and maglev systems. Railways are classified based on factors like elevation, location, and track type.

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    This document provides an introduction to railway engineering and the history and types of railways. It discusses how railway engineering deals with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks. It outlines the importance of rail transport for transporting heavy loads over long distances quickly and economically. The history of railways is traced from early uses in ancient times to modern developments like high speed trains and maglev systems. Railways are classified based on factors like elevation, location, and track type.

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    This document provides an introduction to railway engineering and the history and types of railways. It discusses how railway engineering deals with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks. It outlines the importance of rail transport for transporting heavy loads over long distances quickly and economically. The history of railways is traced from early uses in ancient times to modern developments like high speed trains and maglev systems. Railways are classified based on factors like elevation, location, and track type.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    130 views3 pages

    1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    nouri
    This document provides an introduction to railway engineering and the history and types of railways. It discusses how railway engineering deals with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks. It outlines the importance of rail transport for transporting heavy loads over long distances quickly and economically. The history of railways is traced from early uses in ancient times to modern developments like high speed trains and maglev systems. Railways are classified based on factors like elevation, location, and track type.

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    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec.

    Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    Introduction to Railways and Trains

    Railway Engineering: The branch of Civil Engineering which deals with the design, construction and
    maintenance of the railway tracks for safe and efficient movements of trains.

    The Importance of Rail Transport:


    1- Large transport heavy loads over long distances.

    2- The ability to quickly and clear superiority of a lot of other means; where some trains
    speed reached 210 km / h and others 510 km/ h.

    3- Economy and safe mode of transportation.

    Types of Land Transportation System

    1- Rail transport Owing to the heavy expenditure on the basic infra-structure


    required, rail transport is best suited for carrying bulk commodities and a large number
    of passengers over long distances.

    2- Road transport Owing to flexibility of operation and the ability to provide door to- door
    service, road transport is ideally suited for carrying light commodities and a small number of
    passengers over short distances.
    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    3- Pipe lines (for oil, gas, etc...).

    The History of Railways

    1- About 5000 BC by the Babylonians and the ancient Egyptians invented the wheels.

    2- Greeks used paths to their vehicles digging ground lines nearly 15 cen meters in depth. And
    the vehicle was paid on two parallel lines a distance of one meter or more between them are
    more like bars rail.

    3- In the 16th century used lines of iron above the ground (rails) to transport coal from the mines
    to the vehicles wheels above it.

    4- The first trains were rope- hauled, gravity powered or pulled by horses.

    5- The opening of the rst railway in 1825 the planning of the English author George Stephenson
    Klangurt. The length of the railway line 40 kilometers.

    6- From the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomo ves ( .

    Pulled by horses Steam Locomotives

    7- From the 1910s onwards the steam locomo ves began to be replaced by diesel locomotives
    and electric locomotives. From city transit trains, subways, trams, to high speed rapid transit
    trains.
    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    8-
    9-
    10-

    Diesel locomotives Electric locomotives

    8- Nowadays; Maglev technology has invented to achieve much faster opera on over 500
    km/h (310 mph), in addition to modern tram system developed.

    Maglev Light rail

    Types of Railways

    It might be divided according to its eleva on into 1- at grade rails. 2- Elevated rails and 3- metro
    those in the urban areas, also it might be in form of 1- ballast rails 2- slabs, and 3- maglev.

    The most divisions of railways types:

    1- Common railway From the first moments that steam engines started rolling across the fields
    of England, standard configuration of railway began spreading across the world.

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