© 2017 IJSRSET | Volume 3 | Issue 6 | Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099

Themed Section: Engineering and Technology

CNC Based Pen Using Arduino

Mayur U. Ladhe and Dr. D. V. Rojatkar
ENTC Engineering Department, Govt. College of Engineering, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

This work represents the a ordable model of a CNC pen and an able to draw a 2D views and draw-ing.The idea
behind is to fabricate a low cost CNC pen in order to reduce the cost and complexity of machine.Rapid growth in
the industries, uses and utilization of CNC machine are increased also advancement in the technology,the demand
for computer numerical control i.e CNC pen n educa-tional institutes and laboratories increases day by day.The
features of low cost CNC machine is achieved by PC with ATmega328 micro-controller in an arduino.The user need
to convert text or image le into G code using INKspace software and then feed to the CNC pen.
Keywords : CNC, arduino ATmega328, L293D IC, inkspace software, CD/DVD drives.

I. INTRODUCTION a manufacturing machine to produce speci c part of

speci c dimensions.[1]IRJET
The CNC based pen using Arduino is a special type of
printer that uses for drawing and writing on the solid OBJECTIVE
surface. rst CNC machine was built in the 1940. Most of
the CNC system built today are electrically controlled. To develop a low cost automatic mini CNC pen for 2D
Idea behind this project to make mini CNC pen which is views. This reduce the cost of machine and increase the
used to draw, sketch, writing & designing purpose. Its exibility.
uses three axes i.e X, Y, Z along with motor can rotate
as per the instruction given by the user or operator.
During drawing or writing synchronization between this
axis very di cult task. A pen touches the solid the
surface and draw or write on the surface for 'logic 1' &
lift up in the air for the 'logic 0' instruction, wait for the
next command execution. Computer numerical control
is an advancement form of soft automation developed to
control the motion & operation of CNC machine tools.

In CNC pen, Atmega328 micro-controller is capable of

processing logical instruction interfaced with a
computer. T processing logical instruction provided by
the computer are in the coded form of code of text or
image which is converted into machine language by
Figure 1: Block diagram of CNC pen
micro-controller to be executed by the machine. It
mainly consists of three steps i.e receive data,
interpreting data control action.base on the special II. METHODS AND MATERIAL
character and image code from a program called as part
program(sequential instruction that are used to control Methodology
the machine function) is used for automatic operation of
The G code is interfaced with ATMEGA 328 CNC
based controller by FTDI module which is used to

IJSRSET1736163 | Received : 01 Oct 2017 | Accepted : 13 Oct 2017 | September-October-2017 [(3)6: 635-637] 635
 convert the code in convenient controller code i.e serial by writing the proper code.
to USB converter. Hence it acts like interfacing module Temperature Range: -400C 1050C
between PC to Controller. This code is further passed to SpeedGrade :
stepper motor by easy drivers which converts the code 4M Hz@1:8 5:5V
and as per instructions the stepper motor moves. need 10M Hz@2:7 5:5
three axises X,Y,Z which operates as follows X stepper OperatingV oltage : 1.8 to 5.5
these We motor move left and right Y stepper motor P owerConsumptionat1M Hz; 1:8V; 250C
moves front and back and Z stepper motor up and down P owerActiveM ode : 0:2mA
as per given dimensions even axis will move on. P owerDownM ode : 0:1uA
P owerSaveM ode : 0:75uA
Block Diagram
2.2 G Code from PC
The main idea behind this project, ATmega 328 micro-
controller which easily available the platform for G Code is nothing but the language in which people
interfacing between logical instruction and tells computerized machine tools how to make
computer.The resulting is more code e cient and 5 to 10 something.The How is de ned by instructions on where
time more faster than CISC micro-controller. to move, how fast to move, & through what path to
move.
ATmega328
2.3 Serial to USB Convertor
The Atmel AVR is combination of set of rich
instruction with 32 general purpose register.All the 32 It is used for making the communication between USB
register are connected to Arithmetic logic based computers and serial devices. We use here, FTDI
unit(ALU).The resulting is more code e cient and 5 to (Future Tech Devices International) serial to USB
10 time more faster than CISC micro-controller.The converter is used. FT232RL IC is used. It is
ATMEGA 328 is a single chip controller which is bidirectional converter. This converter is used to load
created by Atmel and it belongs to MEGA AVR the data which is coming from the PC system into the
series.It is 28 pin IC and it is of 8 bit. It is based on controller. This converter converts human interpretation
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. language into its ASCII value which is understandable
It has 26 I/O pins, 32 working registers, 32Kb of ash by the controller. FT232RL is 28 pin IC. It is FIFO
memory, 2Kb RAM and 1Kb EEPROM.The maximum technique.
operating frequency of ATMEGA 328 is 20 MHz It has
external and internal interrupts. Each pin of micro- 2.4 L293D IC
controller provides 5 Volts, 40mA current. It has 16
digital and 8 analog channels. If we want more than 16 L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC
digital channels then we can convert the analog which allows DC motor to drive on either direction.
channels to digital channels by using in build ADC. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC
motors simultaneously in any direction. It means that
you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.
Dual H-bridge Motor Driver integrated circuit
(IC).There are 4 input pins for L293D, pin 2,7 on the
left and pin 15 ,10 on the right as shown on the pin
diagram. Left input pins will regulate the rotation of
motor connected across left side and right input for
motor on the right hand side. The motors are rotated on
the basis of the inputs provided across the input pins as
LOGIC 0 or LOGIC 1.In simple you need to provide
Logic 0 or 1 across the input pins for rotating the motor.

Figure 2: Pin layout of ATmega 328

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636
 2.5 Stepper Motor the axes, the working area of the machine can be
extended keeping the algorithm unaltered.
There are two basic winding arrangements for the
electromagnetic coils in a two phase stepper motor.i.e 2.The pen of the machine can be replaced by a laser to
bipolar and unipolar.A unipolar stepper motor has one make it work like a laser engraving or cutting machine.
winding with center tap per phase. Each section of Engraving machine can be used on wood. The pen can
winding is switched on for each direction of magnetic also be replaced with a powerful drill so that it can be
eld. Bipolar motors have a single winding per phase. used for both milling and drilling purposes
The current in a winding needs to be reversed in order
to reverse a magnetic pole.The speed of rotation of V. REFERENCES
stepper motor is directly proportional to the pulse
frequency. The higher the output voltage from the driver, [1]. Madekar, kajal j., et al. "automatic mini cnc machine
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interchangeable heads of homemade com-puter
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indonesia journal 1.1 (2003)
circuit or a micro controller.This means that when the [3]. M. R. wright, d.e. platts, d.b. french, g. traico , m.a.
next electromagnet is turned on and the rst is turned o, dupont, andg.a. head,cnc control systempatents. us
the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one. From patent 5454393, sep 26.1995.
there the process is repeated. Each of those rotations is [4]. V.K. Pabolu and K.N.H. Srinivas, "Design and
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erent purpose of use.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

1.The servo can be replaced with a stepper motor and

the pen with a 3-D pen to make it a 3-D printer which
can print objects with dimensions. By extrapolation of

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)

637