1 - Manguerra v. Risos

CONCEPCION CUENCO VDA. DE MANGUERRA v. RAUL GR No.
152643
RISOS, et al Date: August 28, 2008
Ponente: NACHURA, J.:
CONCEPCION CUENCO VDA. DE MANGUERRA and THE RAUL RISOS, SUSANA YONGCO,
HON. RAMON C. CODILLA, JR., Presiding Judge of LEAH ABARQUEZ and ATTY.
theRegional Trial Court of Cebu City, Branch 19 GAMALIEL D.B. BONJE
This is a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, assailing the Court of
Appeals (CA) Decision. The CA decision set aside the Regional Trial Court (RTC) Orders datedAugust
25, 2000 granting Concepcion Cuenco Vda. de Manguerras (Concepcions) motion to take deposition, and
dated November 3, 2000 denying the motion for reconsideration of respondents Raul G. Risos, et al
FACTS
Case timeline for better appreciation:
1. November 4, 1999 – (Criminal Case No. CBU-52248 - Estafa Through Falsification of Public
Document before the RTC of Cebu City, Branch 19) The case arose from the falsification of a
deed of real estate mortgage allegedly committed by respondents where they made it appear that
Concepcion, the owner of the mortgaged property known as the Gorordo property, affixed her
signature to the document.
2. November 24, 1999 – respondents filed a Motion for Suspension of the Proceedings in Criminal
Case No. CBU-52248 on the ground of prejudicial question. They argued that Civil Case No.
CEB-20359, which was an action for declaration of nullity of the mortgage, should first be
resolved – granted.
3. June 5, 2000 - Concepcions motion for reconsideration was denied
4. August 16, 2000 - counsel of Concepcion filed a motion to take the latters deposition. [11] He
explained the need to perpetuate Concepcions testimony due to her weak physical condition and
old age, which limited her freedom of mobility
5. August 25, 2000 - RTC granted the motion and directed that Concepcions deposition be taken
before the Clerk of Court of Makati City. After several motions for change of venue of the
deposition-taking, Concepcions deposition was finally taken on March 9, 2001 at her residence
6. CA-G.R. SP No. 62551 - Aggrieved, respondents assailed the August 25 and November 3 RTC
orders in a special civil action for certiorari before the CA
ISSUE/S
1. WHETHER OR NOT FAILURE TO IMPLEAD THE PEOPLE OF
THE PHILIPPINES IN A PETITION FOR CERTIORARI ARISING FROM A
CRIMINAL CASE A QUO CONSTITUTES A WAIVABLE DEFECT IN THE
PETITION FOR CERTIORARI – YES
2. WHETHER OR NOT RULE 23 OF THE 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

APPLIES TO THE DEPOSITION OF PETITIONER – NO
RATIO
1. It is undisputed that in their petition for certiorari before the CA, respondents failed to implead the
People of the Philippines as a party thereto. Because of this, the petition was obviously defective. As
provided in Section 5, Rule 110 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure, all criminal actions are
prosecuted under the direction and control of the public prosecutor. Therefore, it behooved the
petitioners (respondents herein) to implead the People of the Philippines as respondent in the CA case
to enable the Solicitor General to comment on the petition.
However, this Court has repeatedly declared that the failure to implead an indispensable party is not a
ground for the dismissal of an action. In such a case, the remedy is to implead the non-party claimed
to be indispensable. Parties may be added by order of the court, on motion of the party or on its own
initiative at any stage of the action and/or such times as are just. If the petitioner/plaintiff refuses to
implead an indispensable party despite the order of the court, the latter may dismiss the
complaint/petition for the petitioners/plaintiffs failure to comply.
In this case, the CA disregarded the procedural flaw by allowing the petition to proceed, in the interest
of substantial justice. Also noteworthy is that, notwithstanding the non-joinder of the People of
the Philippines as party-respondent, it managed, through the Office of the Solicitor General, to file its
Comment on the petition for certiorari. Thus, the People was given the opportunity to refute the
respondents arguments.
2. It is basic that all witnesses shall give their testimonies at the trial of the case in the presence of the
judge. This is especially true in criminal cases in order that the accused may be afforded the
opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses pursuant to his constitutional right to confront the
witnesses face to face.[26] It also gives the parties and their counsel the chance to propound such
questions as they deem material and necessary to support their position or to test the credibility of said
witnesses. Lastly, this rule enables the judge to observe the witnesses demeanor.
This rule, however, is not absolute. As exceptions, Rules 23 to 28 of the Rules of Court provide for
the different modes of discovery that may be resorted to by a party to an action. These rules are
adopted either to perpetuate the testimonies of witnesses or as modes of discovery. In criminal
proceedings, Sections 12, 13 and 15, Rule 119 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure, which
took effect on December 1, 2000, allow the conditional examination of both the defense and
prosecution witnesses.
Section 15. Examination of witness for the prosecution. When it satisfactorily appears that a
witness for the prosecution is too sick or infirm to appear at the trial as directed by the court,
or has to leave the Philippines with no definite date of returning, he may forthwith be
conditionally examined before the court where the case is pending. Such examination, in the
presence of the accused, or in his absence after reasonable notice to attend the examination
has been served on him, shall be conducted in the same manner as an examination at the
trial. Failure or refusal of the accused to attend the examination after notice shall be
considered a waiver. The statement taken may be admitted in behalf of or against the accused.
Undoubtedly, the procedure set forth in Rule 119 applies to the case at bar. It is thus required that the
conditional examination be made before the court where the case is pending. It is also necessary that
the accused be notified, so that he can attend the examination, subject to his right to waive the same
after reasonable notice. As to the manner of examination, the Rules mandate that it be conducted in
the same manner as an examination during trial, that is, through question and answer.
The conditional examination of a prosecution witness for the purpose of taking his deposition should
be made before the court, or at least before the judge, where the case is pending. Such is the clear
mandate of Section 15, Rule 119 of the Rules. We find no necessity to depart from, or to relax, this
rule. As correctly held by the CA, if the deposition is made elsewhere, the accused may not be able to
attend, as when he is under detention. More importantly, this requirement ensures that the judge
would be able to observe the witness deportment to enable him to properly assess his credibility. This
is especially true when the witness testimony is crucial to the prosecutions case.
It is true that Section 3, Rule 1 of the Rules of Court provides that the rules of civil procedure apply to
all actions, civil or criminal, and special proceedings. In effect, it says that the rules of civil procedure
have suppletory application to criminal cases. However, it is likewise true that the criminal
proceedings are primarily governed by the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure. Considering that
Rule 119 adequately and squarely covers the situation in the instant case, we find no cogent reason to
apply Rule 23 suppletorily or otherwise.
RULING
WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED. The Court of Appeals Decision and Resolution
dated August 25, 2000 and March 12, 2002, respectively, in CA-G.R. SP No. 62551, are AFFIRMED.
2S 2016-17 (BALLUNGAY)
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CONCEPCION CUENCO VDA. DE MANGUERRA v. RAUL GR No.

2. WHETHER OR NOT RULE 23 OF THE 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

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