IST 220 Review Sheet for Final Exam on Ch 1-11, 13, & 14 There are 161 questions : multiple

choice, T/F, Yes/No, and

matching The point value for each question is .5 to .6 points.

Ch. 1

1. Host -Server that manages shared resources; enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network
2. Node - Client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique (address)
identifying number, known as its network address and is capable of sending or receiving data
3. Segment – A part of a network. Transport layer protocols break large data units received from the Session layer into
multiple smaller units; Is composed of a group of nodes; Part of LAN that is logically separated from other parts of LAN and
that shares the same communications channel for all their traffic capacity.
4. Backbone Part of the network to which segments & shared devices connect such as routers, switches, and servers. Also
known as a network of networks.
5. Local area network (LAN) – limited geographic area; a network of computers & other devices confined to a relatively
small space such as 1 building even 1 office. Traditional Ethernet LAN Bandwidth must be shared by all devices on segment
6. Wide area network (WAN) - Network that spans large distance and connects two or more LANs; is a network connecting
two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs. Ex. The Internet
7. Metropolitan area network (MAN) - Network connecting clients and servers in multiple buildings within limited
geographic area ex government buildings around a city’s center.
8. protocol - Rules network uses to transfer data; standard methods or formats for communication b/n networked devices;
govern communication between processes at the same layer on a different computer
9. addressing - Scheme for assigning unique identifying number to every workstation on network. The number that uniquely
identifies each workstation and device on a network is its address.
10. Data packets - The discrete units of data transmitted from one node on a network to another. Also know as datagram’s,
protocol data units (PDUs), frames, or cells, depending on the context.
11. network – a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media; the software that
runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, Security, applications, and other networking functions.

NIC- The device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media and allows it to communicate with other
computers its enable a workstation, server, printer, or other node to receive and transmit data over the network media.;
also known as a network adapter.

12. Servers: Manages shared resources. A computer on a network that manages shared resources.
a. File/ Print services - refer to the capability of a server to share data files, applications (such as work-processing
or spreadsheet programs), and disk storage space.
b. Communication services - Another term for a remote access server or access servers; Access servers enable
computers to dial in to a network and obtain access to its resources, thereby exposing the network to
the outside world.
13. Advantages of Peer-to-Peer vs. Server-based A peer-to-peer network is easier to set up. peer-to-peer a network, every
computer can communicate directly with every other computer no one have more power than the other. Client
 server manages shared resources; a network design in which clients (typically desktop or laptop computers) use a
centrally administered server to share data, data storage space and devices.
14. NOS (Network operating system) is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data,
users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. Necessary to function as a server.
a. UNIX/Linux IETF (Dept of Defense) TCP/IP
b. NetWare Server Novell IPX/SPX
c. Windows NT/2000/2003 Server Microsoft’s NETBEUI

Ch. 2

1. Standards Define the minimum acceptable performance of a product or service.

802.3 IEEE standard for Ethernet networking devices and data handling

802.5 IEEE standard for Token Ring networking devices and data handling

802.11 IEEE standard for wireless networking.

2. OSI layers (p. 56) & functions & devices

Application Gateway Provides interface between software applications and network for interpreting
applications’ requests and requirements.
Presentation Allows hosts and applications to use a common language; performs data formatting,
encryption, and compression

Session Establishes, maintains, and terminates user connections.

Transport Ensures accurate delivery of data thru flow control, segmentation and reassembly, error
Correction, and acknowledgment.

Network Router IP address Establishes, network connections, translates network addresses into their
physical counterparts and determines routing

Data Link NIC, Bridge, Switch MAC address Packages data in frames appropriate to network transmission
method.

Physical NIC, Repeater, Hub Manages signaling to and from physical network connections

3. MAC address contains 2 parts Block ID (6 digit character sequence unique to each vendor) + Device ID (6 digit added at the
factory) based on NIC’s model number and manufacture date. Depicted in their hexadecimal format.

MAC address 12 character hexadecimal number converts to 48 bits 00:60:8C: 00:54:99

4. IP address – 32 bits divided into 4 octets Addresses used to identify computers on the Internet and other TCP/IP-based
networks

Ch 3

Media converter-is a piece of hardware that enables networks or segments running on different media to interconnect &
exchange signals.
 Transmission media: The means thru which data is transmitted and received. ex. twisted pair wires, coaxial cables,
wireless radio waves

1. Physical

a. Coaxial cable
i. Thicknet 10Base5
1. Connectors: AUI
2. Highest resistance to noise compared to other copper cables
i. Thinnet 10Base2
1. Connectors: BNC T connectors
b. Twisted Pair - found on star bus
i. STP
i. UTP
1. CAT 1 - 7
a. CAT 3
b. CAT 5
2. Connector: RJ-45
c. 10BaseT
i. Maximum distance 100 meters
i.
d. Look at a piece of cable to determine whether which it is: 568A or 568B
i. Straight-through cable
ii. Crossover cable
1.
e. Fiber Optics - most secure
i. Single mode – most expensive
i. Multimode – less expensive
i. Connectors: ST – Sam Todd

SC – Sam Charlie

v. Optical loss
v.
2. Wireless
a. Access Point
i. Scanning
i. Active scanning
i. Passive scanning
v. Hot Spots
b. Range
c. Radio waves
d. Infrared
e. Microwaves

Transmission Flaws:

1. Latency

Data Propagation delay

2. Noise

Regeneration

3. Crosstalk
4. Attenuation

Ethernet Networks:

Transmission Direction:

simplex

half-duplex

full duplex or duplex

Ch. 4 and Ch 11

1. Utilities:

1. ipconfig – (Windows XP)

2. ifconfig – (UNIX)

3. PING p. 193 uses ICMP services to send echo request & echo reply messages that determines the validity of an IP
address.

PING 127.0.0.1 loopback address

4. Traceroute p.591 - known as tracert on Windows-based systems- uses ICMP to trace the path from one networked
node to another, identifying all intermediate hops between the two nodes.

2. 4 Layers of TCP/IP ( suite of protocols)

Application : Telnet

SMTP

IMAP

POP3

FTP

DHCP

Transport : TCP – corrects errors

UDP

Internet IP – helps direct data to its correct destination

ICMP- reports on the success or failure of data delivery, but cannot

correct any errors it detects p. 166

IGMP – manages multicasting (point-to-multipoint transmission method)

Routers use IGMP to determine which node belongs to certain

 multipoint group & transmits data to all node in that group.

ARP – obtains MAC address, then creates database that maps the MAC

address to the hosts’ IP address.

3. Addressing in TCP/IP
a. 2 kinds of addresses
i. MAC Address – Physical or hardware address on NIC)
ii. IP Address consists of Network ID and Host ID
1. dotted decimal notation
2. logical address assigned manually(OS) or automatically(DHCP)

IP Address

Subnet Mask – When combined with a device’s IP address informs the rest of the network about the segment or network
to which the device is attached

Class A 1 - _____

127 is a loopback

Class B ____-191

Class C _____- 223 254 usable IP addresses

Ch. 6

1. topology

bus

star

ring

a. token passing
b. MAU Multistation Access Unit

star-wired bus topology

star-wired ring topology

2. Serial backbone network

3. daisy chain
4. collapsed backbone network
5. parallel backbone network

Ethernet Networks

Traditional Ethernet LANS the bandwidth must be shared by all devices on a segment

1. Ethernet_II – frame type by EEC, Intel, & Xerox

2. connectivity device
a. Physical layer
 i. amplifier
ii. repeater
1. one input port/one output port/suited only to bus topology
iii. hubs
iv. NIC
b. Data Link Layer – MAC Address
i. switched Ethernet
ii. NIC
iii. Bridge
c. Network Layer- IP Address
i. Routers - Protocol dependent Routable Protocols- IP or IPX
1. hop
2. Routing protocols
a. BGP
b. RIP
d. Transport Layer-Application Layer
i. Gateway

Switching p. 297

1. Circuit switching

2. Packet switching

3. Message switching

Access Method

1. 802.3
a. CSMA/CD
i. Jamming
ii. Collision
iii. Signal Bounce without terminators
2. 803.5
a. Token Passing
3. 802.11
a. CSMA/CA
b. 802.11a
i. 54Mbps
c. 802.11b
d. 802.11g
i. 54Mbps
e. Wireless networks tend to achieve between 1/3 to ½ of their theoretical maximum throughput

Ch. 7

WAN topology

1. mesh
2. star
3. bus
4. tiered

WAN technology

1. X.25
 2. Frame Relay p 354
a. PVC
b. SVC
c. CIR (committed information rate)
3. Dial-Up
4. DSL
a. Symmetrical: HDSL, SDSL, and SHdsl
5. Broadband Cable
a. asymmetrical
6. T-Carrier
a. Multiplexer
b. CSU/DSU
c. T1s
d. Fractional T1s
e. T3s
i. 672 data or voice channels
ii. 44.736 Mbps throughput
7. VPNs – p. 388 are wide area networks logically defined over public transmission systems
8. SONET – most reliable
9. Satellite
a. Geosynchronous orbit
b. Transponders
c. Uplink
d. Downlink
10. RRAS – is Microsoft’s remote access software available with the Windows Server 2003 NOS and the Windows XP
client OS.

Ch 8 NOS
1. Redirector
2. HCL
3. NTFS
4. Domain controllers
5. Member servers
6. Domain
7. Administrator
8. Guest
9. Microsoft Management Console
10. Trust relationship
11. multitasking
12. multiprocessing
13. site license
14. process

Ch.9
1. Wine
2. VMWare
3. Samba
4. UNIX –dev. By AT&T (Bell Labs) Oldest NOS

Ch. 10
1. Console One
2. Which version of NetWare uses IPX/SPX?
3. What is NWlink?
4. Which version of NetWare uses TCP/IP?

Ch 13
UPS
Load balancing – automatic distribution of traffic over multiple links or processors to optimize response
Noise – fluctuation in voltage levels caused by other devices on the network or electromagnetic interference
Disaster recovery
Mirroring
Integrity
Clustering
Availability
Ch. 14 Security
1. Users are put into Groups
2. Confidential information
3. What are some risks associated with people involving security?
4. Security Audit
5. Dispatcher
6. Switches
7. Encryption
Wired Equivalent Privacy
Kerberos
IPSec
Digital certificate
SSH

Class,

At the command prompt, on your PC:

1. Type: ipconfig
What is the IP address of the router?
(Hint: another name for your router is default gateway.)

2. now, type: ipconfig /all

What is the MAC address?
Hint: Physical address is the same as MAC address

3. Type PING 127.0.0.1 loopback address

Remember Ping is used to determine connectivity.
ICMP works with Ping - how many returns did it return?

4. Given the following IP address in binary:

10101010 11110000 00001111 00001011
Does it belong to Class A, Class B, or Class C?
(Hint: you only have to convert the first octet to decimal.)

5. Given a piece of cabling, can you determine if it is a straight-through or a crossover? Can you look at the connector
and determine if it is following the 568A or 568B standard?