M375 & M375slash1 & M375slash2 & M375slash4 & M375-Series-One
M375 & M375slash1 & M375slash2 & M375slash4 & M375-Series-One
M375 & M375slash1 & M375slash2 & M375slash4 & M375-Series-One
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. warrants the products covered in this manual to be free of
defects due to workmanship, material, and design for a period of twelve months from
the date of delivery. The calibration of a product is warranted to be within its
specified accuracy limits at the time of shipment. In the event of instrument failure,
notify Ludlum Measurements to determine if repair, recalibration, or replacement is
required.
There are no warranties, express or implied, including without limitation any implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness, which extend beyond the description of the
face there of. If the product does not perform as warranted herein, purchaser’s sole
remedy shall be repair or replacement, at the option of Ludlum Measurements. In no
event will Ludlum Measurements be liable for damages, lost revenue, lost wages, or
any other incidental or consequential damages, arising from the purchase, use, or
inability to use product.
800-622-0828 325-235-5494
FAX 325-235-4672
Specifications 3
Operator Controls and Setup 4
Calibration Controls 4-1
Dipswitch (under calibration cover) 4-2
RS-232 Output 4-3
9-Pin Remote Data Connector 4-3
9-Pin Relays Connector 4-4
Typical Internal Detector Setups 4-4
Safety Considerations 6
Environmental Conditions for Normal Use 6-1
Cleaning Instructions and Precautions 6-1
Warning Markings and Symbols 6-2
Electrical Safety Precautions 6-3
Replacement of Main Fuse 6-4
Calibration 7
High Voltage 7-1
Calibration Parameters 7-1
Analog Output 7-2
Discriminator 7-2
Battery Charge 7-2
Recycling 8
Parts List 9
Model 375 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor without Detector 9-1
Model 375/1 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor 9-1
Model 375/2 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor 9-1
Model 375/4 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor 9-1
Model 375 Series One without Detector 9-1
Model 375/2 Series One 9-1
Model 375/4 Series One 9-1
Main Board, Drawing 558 x 1 9-1
Wiring Diagram, Drawing 558 x 136 9-6
Internal Detectors 9-6
1
Section
Introduction
T
he Model 375 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor is designed for
visibility and ease of use. Featuring a wall-mount chassis, the Model
375 has a four-digit LED display that is readable from 9.1 m (30 ft)
away. Backlit indicators warn of low-radiation alarm (yellow), high-
radiation alarm (red), instrument failure (red), and low battery (yellow). A green
status light is a positive indication of instrument operation.
The Ludlum Model 375 Series One is a Model 375 with modified firmware.
Changes include certain display values in decimal points and units. Details can
be found in sections “Getting Started” and “Specifications.”
2
Section
Getting Started
T
he Model 375 Digital Wall-Mount Area Monitor is designed for
ease of use. This section of the manual is designed to help the first-
time user get started. Initial power-up and basic features of the
Model 375 will be discussed in this section. Other sections of the
manual provide more detailed information.
Note:
Splicing or re-terminating cables must be done carefully.
Improper termination will result in the “shorting out” of the
detector voltage, a DET FAIL, and/or blown-fuse condition.
Power Up
Plug the wall-mount 9 Vdc power supply into a suitable wall (Mains) outlet.
Read and then remove the sticker (illustrated to the left) from the
instrument calibration cover. Checking and setting of the alarm
point(s) is discussed in detail below and on pages 2-3 and 7-1 of
this manual.
When the instrument has finished measuring background, it will display the
current radiation reading and begin checking for an alarm condition.
Radiation Units
The Model 375 may be calibrated for almost any desired radiation units of
measure. Common units of measure include mR/hr, µR/hr, R/hr, mSv/h,
µSv/h, cps, cpm, and kcpm. In each case, the unit of measure is indicated
underneath the four-digit display. Throughout the rest of this manual, the
notation <units> will be used as a substitute.
Checking Parameters
Check the low alarm point setting by pressing the LOW ALARM button. The
low alarm point will be displayed as long as the button is pressed. The low
alarm point is in units of <units>. The low alarm point can be set from 0.1
<units> to 9999 <units>*.
Check the high alarm point setting by pressing the HIGH ALARM button. The
high alarm point will be displayed as long as the button is pressed. The
highalarm point is in units of <units>. The high alarm point can be set from
0.1 <units> to 9999 <units>*.
Check the calibration constant by pressing the CAL CONST button. The
calibration constant will be displayed as long as the button is pressed. The
calibration constant is in units of cpm (counts per minute) per <units>*.
The calibration constant can be set from 0.1 cpm/<units> to 9999
cpm/<units>*.
Check the detector dead time correction by pressing down on the DEAD
TIME button. The dead time correction will be displayed as long as the
button is pressed. The dead time correction is in units of microseconds*.
The dead time correction can be set from 0.1 microseconds to 9999 micro-
seconds*.
* Model 375 Series One: In the special case of the Model 375 Series One,
make note of the following changes resulting from firmware modification:
With the RANGE dipswitch in the left position, two decimal places will
be displayed.
With the RANGE dipswitch in the right position, no decimal place will be
displayed.
Calibration constant will be displayed in cps per unit, instead of cpm per
unit.
Note:
Once the alarm point(s) is set, it is important to remember to
switch the CAL MODE switch back to the left. This action
protects the parameters from inadvertent changes.
Note:
Ludlum Measurements suggests that an operational check be
performed on a regular basis. Local procedures may
supersede this suggestion.
Note:
LMI check sources present very minimal risks and are
therefore unlicensed (Exempt Quantity Sources reference:
10 CFR 30.71 Schedule B). The radioactive element is sealed
(permanently bonded or fixed inside a capsule) so you need
not wash your hands after handling. Radiation exposure
while handling this source is very minimal with no identified
long or short term risks. Although the amount of radiation
given off by exempt sources is so low that it presents no
significant hazard, they should be handled with care and
respect. Time, distance, and shielding are the best ways to
control exposure.
3
Section
Specifications
Compatible Detectors: GM, proportional, and scintillation
Low Alarm: indicated by a yellow light and slow beep (1 per second)
audible tone (can be set at any point from 0.0-9999 {00.00-9999 for
Series One})
High Alarm: indicated by a red light and a fast beep (4 per second)
audible tone (can be set at any point from 0.0-9999 {00.00-9999 for
Series One})
Note:
Audible indicators can be configured as a single beep by
dipswitch if desired. Audio intensity is controlled by rotating
the baffle on the audio device. Audio intensity may also be
adjusted by moving an internal connector.
DET Fail: indicated by a red light and an audible tone greater than 68 dB
at 6.1 ft (2 m) for conditions of detector overload, no count from
detector or instrument failure
Dead Time: adjustable to compensate for dead time of the detector and
electronics (can be read on the display)
Over-range: A display reading of ˝----˝ and activated low and high alarms
indicate that the radiation field being measured has exceeded the counting
range of the instrument (or when dead time correction accounts for more
than 75% of the displayed reading).
Warning!:
Only certified technician or calibration personnel should
replace battery.
4
Section
Calibration Controls
Remove the calibration cover to expose the calibration controls.
Warning!
Do not touch the circuit board in the calibration window
due to potential for electric shock.
HV: used to set the high voltage required for detector operation.
Adjustable from 450-2500 Vdc. The high voltage required will depend
on the type of detector used. Internal GM detectors typically require 550
Vdc. Be sure to check the high voltage with a high impedance (1000-
Mohm impedance) voltmeter only. A high-voltage checkpoint is located
next to the HV potentiometer.
BAT CHARGE: used to set the backup battery trickle charging voltage. It
is set to 6.9 Vdc while the battery is disconnected.
Dipswitch 1: Switching the top CAL MODE switch to the right places the
instrument into calibration mode. Parameters can only be changed while
the instrument is in calibration mode. Calibration mode also changes the
analog output to full-scale so that the full-scale voltage may be set by the
ANALOG potentiometer. Calibration mode also slows the response time
of the display and increases the accuracy. If the display seems too erratic,
leaving this switch in the calibration mode during operation will help.
Moving the CAL MODE switch back to the left locks the parameters and
disables any further changes.
RS-232 Output
With the CAL MODE dipswitch in the left position, the Model 375 dumps RS-
232 data onto pin 4 of the 9-pin connector every two seconds.
BYTE1 0 x
BYTE2 x x
The RS-232 data includes the BYTE3 x OR x
current radiation readings and the BYTE4 x x
current condition of the status BYTE5 . .
lights. The data is presented in the BYTE6 x 0
BYTE7 Audio Status =1=on
following format: BYTE8 High Alarm Status=1=on
BYTE9 Low Alarm Status =1=on
BYTE10 Over Range Status=1=on
BYTE11 Monitor Status =1=on
BYTE12 Error Code
BYTE13 Carriage Return (ODH)
BYTE14 Line Feed (0AH)
pin1- +BATTERY
pin2- GND IN
pin3- FAIL_L
pin4- RS232 DUMP
pin5- ANALOG OUT
pin6- CHASSIS GND
pin7- HIGH ALARM_L
pin8- EXT RESET_L
pin9- +5VDC OUT
The FAIL and HIGH ALARM digital signal outputs are open drain 2N7002
outputs, able to sink about 50 mA each.
pin1- FailNO
pin2- FailNC
pin3- AlertCOM
pin4- AlarmNO
pin5- AlarmCOM
pin6- FailCOM
pin7- AlertNO
pin8- AlertNC
pin9- AlarmNC
Typical Checkpoints:
1 mR/hr
2 mR/hr * set calibration constant
8 mR/hr
20 mR/hr
80 mR/hr
200 mR/hr * set dead time correction
800 mR/hr
1000 mR/hr
Model 375/4
Typical response and set points for the model 375 with internal energy-
compensated LND 71412 GM detector is as follows:
Typical Checkpoints:
2 mR/hr
8 mR/hr
20 mR/hr * set calibration constant
80 mR/hr
200 mR/hr
800 mR/hr
2,000 mR/hr
8,000 mR/hr * set dead time correction
5
Section
Relay Options
Internal Circuit-Board-Mounted Relays
For additional flexibility, additional relay options are available at extra cost:
This option allows the user to access the fail-safe form C contacts
(normally open, normally closed, and common), which activate upon
HIGH ALARM. This is achieved by using an additional 3-pin connector
with male pins, located at the bottom of the instrument, wired in
parallel with the 9 pin D male pin connector. These contacts are
potential-free (non-powered), but can handle 125 Vac at 0.3 A or 30
Vdc at 1 A.
RL1 Relay
External Mains (120 or 240 VAC) Alarm Relay Out (using 3 pin
connector) PN4558-038:
Allows the use of the 9-pin D female connector for RS-232 or remote use
and does not interfere with the internal form C relays.
This option includes a small enclosure connected to the Model 375 via a
short cable, that accepts a standard mains power cord (conduit option is
4558-038-1). In an ALARM condition, the mains voltage is relayed to a
set of terminals. Only a licensed electrician should install this option.
B – relay output. “H” = hot and “N” = neutral. For 220 Vac, H
= L1 and N = L2.
When an alarm or failure occurs, the Model 375 will print the current
reading, date, time, and either ALARM or FAIL to the RS-232 port. The Model
375 will print once every 30 seconds as long as the alarm or fail condition is
present.
Setup:
You will need the following: a Model 375 instrument, a CBM-910 40-
column printer, and a cable (8558-142).
Check the month and day (MMDD) by pressing the LOW ALARM and
HIGH ALARM buttons simultaneously. The month and day will be
displayed as long as those buttons are pressed. The month and day can be
set from 0101 to 1231.
Check the year (YYYY) by pressing the LOW ALARM and CAL CONST
buttons simultaneously. The year will be displayed as long as those
buttons are pressed. The year can be adjusted from 0000 to 9999.
Check the hours and minutes (HHMM) by pressing the LOW ALARM and
DEAD TIME buttons simultaneously. The hours and minutes will be
displayed as long as those buttons are pressed. The hours and minutes
can be adjusted from 0000 to 2359.
Example Output:
Please refer to page 32 of the printer user’s manual for the location of the
DIP Switches. Switches 2, 3, and 6 should be in the ON position (toward the
back of the printer). Switches 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 should be in the OFF position
(toward the front of the printer).
To set the sigma alarm, one first needs to consult a probability table showing
one-sided sigma values. If the sigma alarm (read or set by the LOW ALARM
button) is set to 3.0, that setting statistically means that 99.87% of normal
background readings would be less than the alarm point. To look at the false
alarm rate, it means that 0.13% or 1 out of 769 comparisons would result in
a false alarm. Since comparisons are made every second, a setting of 3.0 will
result in a false alarm about every 13 minutes. Similarly, a setting of 5.0
would result in a false alarm every 38 days. To actually calculate the sigma
alarm point, it is necessary first to determine the background radiation level
in cps (counts per second). The sigma alarm point is then BKGND + (x
sigma × square root of BKGND).
The HIGH ALARM has not been changed; it is still a fixed alarm point and will
be activated when the radiation level exceeds that setpoint. This feature
allows the sigma alarm to trigger quickly if a small amount of radiation is
present and allows the fixed alarm to warn that the background radiation is
too high. Since the sigma alarm is allowed to rise if the background rises, the
HIGH ALARM is necessary to have an absolute value or ceiling for the
radiation level. The time constant for the background radiation level and the
displayed radiation reading is 20 seconds. The sigma alarm is not activated
until 60 seconds after the Model 375 is turned ON, in order to allow the
Model 375 to accumulate a stable background radiation reading.
Two other changes were made to the Model 375. The first change was to
deactivate the LOW ALARM indicator. Both the sigma-based alarm (set by the
LOW ALARM button) and the fixed alarm (HIGH ALARM button) trigger the
HIGH ALARM indicator. The second change was to lower the detector loss-
of-count time frame to 15 seconds. This change means that the DET FAIL
indicator is activated if no pulses are received from the radiation detectors in
15 seconds. Since the sigma alarm is most useful for scintillation detectors
that have several hundred pulses per minute, this change allows a faster
determination of detector failure.
This circuit may be added to replace the Model 375 analog output, providing
an isolated 4 to 20 mA output capability. The circuit board (LMI Part
Number 5396-754) takes the analog output, varying between 0 and 5.00
volts, and converts it to a current output of 4 to 20 mA.
The circuit has an internal loop supply, generating +12 Vdc from the
RAWDC of the Model 375. It is designed for a 2-wire configuration, with
one conductor carrying the 4-20 mA current signal and the second
conductor providing a return (isolated loop ground). See Wiring Diagram,
Figure 4 (below).
0 0.1 4 mA
1 1 7.2 mA
2 10 10.4 mA
3 100 13.6 mA
4 1000 16.8 mA
5 10,000 20 mA
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−4−(3.2∗𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒)
Display reading = 10 3.2 ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
SPECIFICATIONS
Power Required:7.5 Vdc at 100 mA; minimum Vin= 5.5 V and
maximum Vin= 15 V (connected internally)
Check for a voltage of 1.00 V ±5% across Rterm, typically a 250 ohm (V
= 0.004 X Rterm) terminating resistor. The resistor should be placed
between Pin 5 (the 4-20 mA output) and Pin 6 (Loop ground).
Note:
Loop ground is isolated from instrument ground.
Now apply a full-scale meter reading to the analog input, or move the
CAL dipswitch to the right. The voltage at full-scale must be set to 5.00 V
±0.1 V between the analog input and instrument ground.
Note:
Instrument ground is not the same as loop ground.
Adjust the SPAN trimmer, R5, until the voltage across the 250-ohm
terminating resistor is 5 V ±5% (V= .020 X Rtem).
6
Section
Safety Considerations
No maximum altitude
CAUTION (per ISO 3864, No. B.3.1) – designates hazardous live voltage
and risk of electric shock. During normal use, internal components are
hazardous live. This instrument must be isolated or disconnected from the
hazardous live voltage before accessing the internal components. This
symbol appears on the side panel. Note the following precautions:
Caution!
Do no touch the circuit board in the calibration window due
to possible electric shock.
Caution!
Verify instrument voltage input rating before connecting to a
power converter. If the wrong power converter is used, the
instrument and/or power converter could be damaged.
Warning!
The operator is strongly cautioned to take the following
precautions to avoid contact with internal hazardous live parts
that are accessible using a tool:
1. Turn the instrument power OFF and disconnect the power
cord.
2. Allow the instrument to sit for one minute before accessing
internal components.
The “crossed-out wheelie bin” symbol notifies the consumer that the
product is not to be mixed with unsorted municipal waste when discarding;
each material must be separated. See section 8, “Recycling” for further
information. Also displayed on the side panel.
The “CE” mark is used to identify this instrument as being acceptable for
use within the European Union.
Use the unit only with the voltage specified on the unit. Using a
voltage higher than that which is specified may result in fire or
electric shock.
Do not cut, kink, or otherwise damage nor modify the power supply
cord. IN addition, avoid using the power cord in close proximity to
heaters, and never place heavy objects – including the unit itself –
on the power cord, as doing so may result in fire or electric shock.
result in the unit falling down and causing personal injury and/or
property damage.
Detector Connector
Warning!
Potential electrical shock hazard: do not touch the center pin
of the detector connector unless the unit has turned off and
power has been removed for at least one minute.
Battery Replacement
Warning!
Only certified technicians or calibration personnel should
replace battery.
Note:
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. recommends replacing batteries
every four years.
7
Section
Calibration
High Voltage
The high voltage is adjustable from 450-2500 Vdc using the HV
potentiometer located under the calibration cover. The high voltage required
will depend on the type of detector used. Internal GM detectors usually
require 550 Vdc. Ensure that the high voltage is checked only with a high-
impedance (≥1000 megohm) voltmeter. A high-voltage checkpoint is
located next to the HV potentiometer.
Warning!
Do not touch the circuit board in the calibration window
due to potential for electric shock.
Calibration Parameters
The calibration parameters, LOW ALARM, HIGH ALARM, CAL CONST, and
DEAD TIME can only be changed while in calibration mode. Switch the top
dipswitch CAL MODE to the right to switch into calibration mode. Changing
any parameter is done by holding down the parameter key and pressing the
up or down arrow buttons. Any parameter can be set in the range of 0.1 to
9999*. If a parameter is changed, the instrument will beep to confirm the
saving of the parameter, and then return to displaying the current radiation
level.
The calibration constant (CAL CONST) is set when the detector is exposed to
a "low" radiation field. A "low" radiation field in this case is defined as a field
where dead time losses do not exceed 5%. The calibration constant is usually
given for a certain detector. A Ludlum Model 133-4 detector, for example,
has a calibration constant of approximately 100 cpm/mR/hr. Once the
calibration constant is set and checked at a low radiation field, the dead time
correction can be set.
The dead time correction (DEAD TIME) is set when the detector is exposed to a
"high" radiation field. A "high" radiation field in this case is defined as a field
where dead time losses exceed 30%. The dead time correction will elevate the
ratemeter reading to account for counts arriving at the detector during the
detector's dead time. GM tubes typically have long dead times from 50-150
microseconds. Neutron and scintillation detectors generally have short dead times
of 1-5 microseconds.
Note:
Once parameters are set, it is important to remember to
switch the CAL MODE switch back to the left. This action
protects the parameters from inadvertent changes.
Analog Output
The analog output is a five-decade logarithmic voltage-out. The maximum
voltage-out while under primary power is 6 volts. The maximum voltage-out
while under battery backup power is 4.5 volts. The five decades are:
When the CAL MODE dip switch is switched to the right, the analog output
goes to full scale. The analog output goes to full scale during a DET FAIL
condition.
Discriminator
The DISC potentiometer located under the calibration cover is used to set the
threshold for pulses coming from the detector. The desired pulse threshold
depends on the type of detector used. It is adjustable from 2.0 mVdc to 100
mVdc.
Battery Charge
The potentiometer labeled BAT, located under the calibration cover, is used
to set the backup battery trickle-charge voltage. This is typically set to 6.9
Vdc with the battery disconnected.
8
Section
Recycling
L
udlum Measurements, Inc. supports the recycling of the electronics
products it produces for the purpose of protecting the environment
and to comply with all regional, national, and international agencies
that promote economically and environmentally sustainable
recycling systems. To this end, Ludlum Measurements, Inc. strives to supply
the consumer of its goods with information regarding reuse and recycling of
the many different types of materials used in its products. With many
different agencies – public and private – involved in this pursuit it becomes
evident that a myriad of methods can be used in the process of recycling.
Therefore, Ludlum Measurements, Inc. does not suggest one particular
method over another, but simply desires to inform its consumers of the
range of recyclable materials present in its products, so that the user will
have flexibility in following all local and federal laws.
9
Section
Parts List
Reference Description Part Number
Model 375 Digital Wall-
Mount Area Monitor UNIT Completely Assembled 48-2230
without Detector Model 375
Wiring Diagram,
Drawing 558 x 136
AUDIO DS1 TXC-V86-515-Q
WARNING DEVICE 218802
FUSE F1 RUEF110, 1.1A, 30V 21-8989
BATTERY B1 BATTERY-PS630 21-9705
Internal Detectors
* Model 375/2 (only) DET ASSY. 4396-055
* Model 375/4 (only) DET ASSY. 4396-056
Section
10 Drawings