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Mm216 Linear Dif Systems Problems

This document contains a series of problems related to solving linear differential equation systems that model various mechanical engineering scenarios. The problems cover topics like finding the general solution to homogeneous systems, particular solutions to non-homogeneous systems, and using systems of equations to model scenarios like salt concentration in connected tanks over time. The document is authored by Dr. Tamer Çalişir and appears to be notes related to a course on applied mathematics for mechanical engineers.

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Furkan Şahin
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81 views13 pages

Mm216 Linear Dif Systems Problems

This document contains a series of problems related to solving linear differential equation systems that model various mechanical engineering scenarios. The problems cover topics like finding the general solution to homogeneous systems, particular solutions to non-homogeneous systems, and using systems of equations to model scenarios like salt concentration in connected tanks over time. The document is authored by Dr. Tamer Çalişir and appears to be notes related to a course on applied mathematics for mechanical engineers.

Uploaded by

Furkan Şahin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T.C.

GAZİ UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MM 216E – APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SYSTEMS

1. Solve the linear system given below.

Solution:

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR
2. Solve the linear system

Solution:

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


3. Find the general solution to the system x’=Ax, where

Solution:

A has only one eigenvalue, and that eigenvalue is r=1. We also found that an eigenvector for
the eigenvalue r=1 is

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


4. Find the solution to the initial value problem

Solution:

Let A be the matrix defining the linear differential system. The general solution is

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


5. Find a particular solution for the nonhomogeneous linear system

Solution:

Let A be the matrix that defines this linear system. The only eigenvalue of A is r=-5. This
eigenvalue corresponds to an eigenvector v and a generalized eigenvector w, where

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR
6. Solve the nonhomogenous linear system

Solution:

The eigenvalues for the matrix defining this linear differential system are r1=1 and r2=-1 and
the corresponding eigenvectors are (respectively)

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR
7. One has two tanks connected together, labeled tank X and tank Y, as shown in the figure
below

Let tank X initially have 100 gallons of brine made with 100 pounds of salt. Tank Y initially
has 100 gallons of pure water. Pure water is pumped into tank X at a rate of 2.0 gallons per
minute. Some of the mixture of brine and pure water flows into tank Y at 3 gallons per minute.
To keep the tank levels the same, one gallon of the Y mixture flows back into tank X at a rate
of one gallon per minute and 2.0 gallons per minute drains out. Find the amount of salt at any
given time in the tanks. What happens over a long period of time?

Solution:

In this problem we set up two equations. Let x(t) be the amount of salt in tank X and y(t) the
amount of salt in tank Y. We carefully look at the rates into and out of each tank in order to set
up the system of differential equations. We obtain the system

This is a linear, homogenous constant coefficient system of two first order equations, which
we know how to solve. The matrix form of the system is given by

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR
8. Consider a typical home with attic, basement and insulated main floor.

It is usual to surround the main living area with insulation, but the attic area has walls and
ceiling without insulation. The walls and floor in the basement are insulated by earth. The
basement ceiling is insulated by air space in the joists, a layer of flooring on the main floor and
a layer of drywall in the basement. We will analyze the changing temperatures in the three
levels using Newton’s cooling law and the variables

z(t) = Temperature in the attic,


y(t) = Temperature in the main living area,
x(t) = Temperature in the basement,
t = Time in hours.

Initial data. Assume it is winter time and the outside temperature in constantly 35◦F during the
day. Also assumed is a basement earth temperature of 45◦F. Initially, the heat is off for several
days. The initial values at noon (t = 0) are then x(0) = 45, y(0) = z(0) = 35.

Portable heater. A small electric heater is turned on at noon, with thermostat set for 100◦F.
When the heater is running, it provides a 20◦F rise per hour, therefore it takes some time to
reach 100◦F (probably never!). Newton’s cooling law

Temperature rate = k(Temperature difference)

will be applied to five boundary surfaces: (0) the basement walls and floor, (1) the basement
ceiling, (2) the main floor walls, (3) the main floor ceiling, and (4) the attic walls and ceiling.
Newton’s cooling law gives positive cooling constants k0, k1, k2, k3, k4 and the equations

Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR


Dr. Tamer ÇALIŞIR

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