A FEW WORDS FROM CHARLES BERLITZ WORLD FAMOUS LINGUIST Let me introduce you to the cassette course you have chosen to study. In it you will find the basic phrases needed for communication in this lan- guage. There are two important things to remem- ber about leaming a new language: Be interested in the people, their country and language. Want to lear the language. Practice it as often as you can, Nothing is, more effective in creating a friendly atmo- sphere and nothing flatters people more than when a foreigner tries to speak their language. The voice on these cassettes will say a phrase in English. Then you will hear the transiation of the phrase repeated twice. During the pause after the second repetition, repeat the phrase aloud. Try to imitate the pronunciation as nearly as you can. Read the words as they are spoken on the cas- sette and use the guide to help you remember the words and pronounce them during the pauses, Remember, knowing the language is the best way of knowing the country and enjoying it more. Charles Berlitz Phrase Dictionary and Study Guide Russian PYCCKMM ISBN 0-910542-86-6 LANGUAGE/30 Educational Services Washington, D.C.Russian Editor inna Dubinsky, Ph.D. Editor Annie Scarborough Produced by Brian J. Wright Recorded by Evan Haning, Inna Dubinsky, ‘and Val Golovskoy Published by Educational Services Corporation 1725 K Sirest, NW., Suite 408 ‘Washington, 0.C. 20006 © 1986 Educational Services Corporation, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher. ‘All LANGUAGEV90 components produced in the U.S.A. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PRONUNCIATION HINTS ‘THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET (Side 1) ‘SOUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE GENERAL EXPRESSIONS Salutations. : Everyday Expressions Introductions Inquiries on the Street NUMBERS, TIME, COLORS Numbers (Side 2) Time Days of the Week Months of the Year The Weather Colors. PERSONAL NEEDS AAtthe Hotel Money... Food and Drink (Side 3) Althe Restaurant ‘Shopping Leisure ‘COMMUNICATIONS. The Post Oifice Altho Office Side 4) The Telephone TRANSPORTATION Places of Interest ATHp Inthe Car. Althe Airgort At Customs, 688 BReeeIEEE ''S Nh EMERGENCY & MEDICAL SITUATIONS 7 Read the Introduction before turning on cassette side 1 SOCIAL CUSTOMS & POLITE EXPRESSIONS ....... 40 INTRODUCTION BASIC RUSSIAN GRAMMAR (not recordeo) . 4 Untii 1990, when the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist IMPORTANT’BIGNS'hottecarad! Ae Republics, or Saydoz Savyétskikh Satsilistéechiskikh Rispéoplik) became the Commonwealth of Independent VOCABULARY INDEX 43 Siales (CIS), Russian was the official language of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic (ASFSR), and the second official language in the national republics and autonomous regions of the USSR, Today. Russian is the native ianguage of some 160 million people in the former Soviet territory. It isthe official language ofthe Fussian Republic, andis one ofthe six oficial languages of the United Nations Organization. Russian is aiso spoken by milions of descendants of Russian immigrants throughout the world Russian belongs to the Slavic branch of the Indo-European group of languages. Other languages of the Slavic branch include Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Slovak, Siovene, Polish, Czech, Serbian and Croatian, A knowledge of Russian will help you to communicate with speakers of these languages which are much more similar to Russian than French or Spanish, for example, are to English. English has borrowed a number of words from Russian, including balalaika (a stringed musica! instrument), trofka (2 sled pulled by three horses; or a group of three), and babushka (meaning grandmotherin Fussian —with the accent, Con the first syllable — but often used in English with the accent (on the second syllable to refer to a woman's headscarf) Russian is written in the Cyrilic alphabet and many of its thirty-three letters closely resemble Greek letters on which the Cyrilic alphabet was originally based. ‘When you start tho cassette player, you will hear the sounds of the Russian vowels and consonants. You will then hear Engiish phrases immediately transiated into Russian. Each Russian phrase is repeated, then followed by a pause. During the pause, say the Russian phrase aloud.is show that @ word spoken ten to twenty times Is remembered more readily than a word seen fifty to one hundred times, so say the phrases aloud as often as possibie. When you hear words spoken by Russian-speaking people, inconversation and on television or radio, say them to yourself. Try to pronounce words you see on signs and in books, magazines, and newspapers. PRONUNCIATION HINTS Russian is a phonetic language, meaning that aach latter or combination of letters has, by and large, only one sound. There are exceptions to rules of pronunciation in every language, but in Russian these exceptions are few. This makes Russian quite easy to pronounce once you remember the basic principles (see the pronunciation cart), Note that, throughout the text, sounds that are written alike may vary in pronunciation depending on adjacent sounds (or ‘even on the social situation). Training your ear to detect ‘these vanations will sharpen not only your pronunciation skills but also your understanding of spoken Russian. Only one syllable is stressed in each word. Most of the Russian vowel sounds are only heard distinctly when they ‘occur within the stressed syllable, Thus, unstressed o sounds lke a, unstressed # and unstressed e sound like 7. In the pronunciation column in this course, words of more than one syllable have an accent over the stressed vowel. You will notice that the g sound (r) is pronounced as a v in words ‘suc as ero (yevo) and sero (chevo), and that the ch sound (a) is pronounced as sh in the word «sro (shto). The Key to Pronunciation which fotiows wit heip you to read ‘and pronounce Russian. Listen to the sounds of the Russian letters as they are pronounced for you. The guide uses ‘systematic approximations of Fussian vowels and consonants ‘based on sounds familiar to a speaker of American English. ‘This guide should serve to help you lear the Russian alphabet, ‘and sound system. The best way to perfect your pronunciation is to listen closely to the Fussian speakers, and imitate their pronunciation. ‘Now start the cassette on side 1. a Side 1 THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET ABBIEEX3KiKMMHONPCTY OXULUMMBH ION SOUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ¢ $ & ; fa 7G i Pep kid e283 és ag DIPHTHONGS* aif as yin tly ay val See of as oy in boy oy sol tit similar to curry iy without the ¢ VOWELS a when stressed, ah. wkapre kahr-tye en ye ate er or in the final oa me when unstressed. ee apie karte ero Dighthongs are combinations of two vowel sounds within one syllabi,pF Pee 2 s ¢ Z 5, 8h F gg SS § es #99 és dg é é ‘Similar 10 yo canoner sa-malyot . ‘as vin van vy ho vee-n0. yo in yore ana before a f propane for-nik ECE apeleetal eae eae voiceless sound, een ttl PEPE or at the end of when unstressed,i zie z-yoom __ Bitte enfin fe ee asin pin r ‘as gin get ome gdye ro ee beforeavoice- k — cuer snk. 5 0) m0} aI a __ less sound, or © when stressed, 0 no-meer at the end of a as oinor word, as kin kit unstressed, a roa ema ae ——— ‘when nae 2 ‘as din dog do dah seme es before a 1 pwmorpan vena @S.o0inbook 00 ype ——«KOOTS ‘voiceless sound, grant > __aseiniet em ela oF at the endiot a eS OSS word, as tin top es 6op0 /00-10 ee = Sas ae ____ Oh _Soye x a3 sin measure 2h xnsy zhivoo a when stressed, ya s6toxs,ya-bla-ki before a sh "e —osh as ya in yard voiceless sound, when unstressed, yo aauxe —-ye-zi-kye ‘or at the end of as ye in yet seenne aword, as sh " say 00 in boot, pain krah-bi ish but spread lips 2 aszinzoo 2 ~~ maw _—_znah-yoo and arch back of an ae tongue upwards oe eer Sen ea ConsoNANTS. a aslinmiddle | naa _—_lahm-pa 3 as bine b me born ,oM asminman — m wemo —-meen-yoo before a P —tapaepe6 gar-dee- u asninnote on ora. na-gah voiceless** rop sound, or at the a as end of a word, p as a rolled r as pin pit — é as gin sit * Voiosiess sounds are k,n, 6.7.0), x, 1,4 1, apd ut } — - v i ¥E 1 as fin fit 1 “as ch in the German “Bach” a5 ts in hats ‘as ch in chop as sh in short as shh in The hard sign has no sound value ‘The soft sign adds slight y sound to the preceding consonant ch sh shch couse tsvyet chay shyest” borsheh nol? seem’ya ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMt GENERAL EXPRESSIONS SALUTATIONS PHBETCTBAR Helio! Zarahstvooy-lye!_Sapancrnyiive!* Welcome! da-bro Tlospe - pazhah-lo-vat" __noxanonart. Good moming. do-bra-ye oo-tra. jloopoe yrpo. Good day. do-briy dyen’. —_oGputt nen, Good evening. do-briy vye-choer. _flosprali nevep. Goodbye. dah svee-dah-ni-ya, flo cmmaaua See you. dah tstre-chi, flo acrpew EVERYDAY NOBCEAHEB- EXPRESSIONS HBIE OPAIBE dah Ta 7 nyet Her. kha-ra-sho. Xopomo, i ony Heyxenn? pazhah-loo-sta. —_Toxauylicra Thank you spa-see-ba. Cnacxé6o. ‘Thank you very —_bal-sho-ye Bonpmioe much. spa-see-ba emacnto. You're welcome. orpa-zhab-loo-sta. floxanyiicra Don't mention it | don't know. ya nye znah-yoo, 1 ne sao think so. ‘doo-mah-yoo, ‘Aymav, shio da 2 1 This maybe said at anytime ofthe day, but only once a day to any one person~~ La ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION pycckMi ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHIL I don't think doo-mah-yoo, ——_lystaw, itis exciting ‘o0-vlee-kah- Ytexarem, 30. shto nyet. “ro Her, tee!-na, What do you shto vt Miro au Where isthe nom? The racipauos.? think? doo-mahyo-tye? —nysaere? grocery store? Why not? pa-chee-moo yet? Touemy Her? _Dathroom —__‘tocravlyet eer cia ‘t a What is the Uo ” -vye-ree-ni? Bu ynepensi? Are you sure? vf o0-wye-ro0- yepens? matier? euyamiacn? Its fine. fsyokha-ra-sho, Bee xopoiuo. ‘co you allright? Bes xopon Yes, certainly, dah, ka-nyesh-na. a, koweutio, ae a — 1m hungry. ya kha-choo yest’. xony ccr Maybe. Boao thirsty eet wun Of course. Koneuuo, I'mtired, (ms) ya oo-stahl. A yeran. Isitpossible? _etaree-ah-na? ro peau artis) ya costa 3 yerana. a SS Ym happy. (ms) ya raht. $i pan. i He crows Ce eee or (ts) ya rah-da. 91 pana Be caretul. as-ta-rozh-na. Octopoxno. ——— ee pte fim sad nye groos-na. _ Mue rpycrio. ! -sme-tree-tye!_Tloeworpure! ra poe ee eee Im cod mnye kho-lad-na. Mune xoxaawo, is! -sioo-shay-tyel_Tlocuynaitre! ea ee ee im tine? fsyo kha-ra-sho. Be# xopowo. Come wit id yom-ye Hxewve om Please donot pa-zha-loos-ta, Toxaayiera, ele eee distur me. nye Dee-spa- ne GecuoKoire What is this? shto e-ta? Unto a0? koy-tee meen-ya, sen. ‘What is that? — arto ali Mrovran INTRODUCTIONS ‘3HAKOMCTBO ta ta-ko-ye? Uro 9) 2 en eee endo ee My name is meen-ya za-voot Mens sonyr Do you like it? vamnrah-vitsa? Baw pane? . ‘Vanya. vahn-ya, ‘i itis beautitul pree-krahs-na. ——Tipexpactio. ‘What is your kahkvahs Kak aac Wis delicious. —_tkoos-~ Bryen. named’ ga-voot? sony? his name ye-vo ero, Itis wonderful. —_za-mee-chah- her name yeyo ee a SSeS ‘Ae youBasil — vivaseerly Ba) Bacmt itis interesting. tee-ryes-na. Hsrepecto. Yesenin? ye-sye-nin? Ecenns? 2 Literally: Everything is five.ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyCCKHit Please mest pa-zna-kom-tyes’, Hostaxomsrect, SashaGorkov. — pa-zhah-loo-sta,_noxanyiicra ‘3 sah-shey © Cames sgor-ka-vim, Topxowsis. my colleague‘ ma-yeem Moun kal-lye-gay xonnerott my friend ma-yeem Moun droo-gam npyrom Pleased to ‘o-cheen’ Ovens meet you. pree-yaht-na, puro. or pree-yaht-na pa-—‘MIpxarnio zna-ko-mee-t’sya. KOMDITRC gdeelah? = Kax niena? How are things? ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKIIL Please speak pazhah-loo-sia,__Moxanyhers, more slowly. gavva-reetye ronopitre Myed-lee-ney. —_eaneuneit Do you Vipa-nee-mah- Bw nowuaere? understand? —ee-tye? Tdont yanye AA we nominate, understand, pa-nee-mah-yoo. tm sorry. eezveenee-tye.— Mamnunte. Could you repeat parftaree-tye, ——_Hlowropue, it, please? pazhahloo-sta. _noxanyiiera Where are you gdye Te mis xunere? staying?® zhi-wyo-tye? Tam staying at ya zhi-voov A mney e the Slavanskaya ga-stee-ni-tsye——rocrutwuue Hotel slavyan-ska-ya — “Caananexas’” Have you been virahn’-shye BHli Bu panne to Russia vra-seei? Gunn before? Poceuit? This is myffirst eta moy pyer-viy ro molt nepnuat visitto Russia, vizeetvre-see- sant 8 oo. Pocen, Are you married? vi zhee-nal (aid to a mala) or{saidtoa vi zah-moo-zheern? But samyixent? female) Bu xexatw? Vmfine, thanks. fsyo kha-ra-sho, Be xopamo, spa-see-ba. enacutio, Where are ‘at-koo-da vi? ‘Ornyaa oat? you from? Tam from ya iz amye-ri ‘io Awepux the USA. Great Bitain ——ahng-ti Anrnit Canada ka-nah-ct Kanan Australia af-strah-tit Aperpamnt ‘Where do dye vi Tne nia you live? zhi-vyo-tye? xnnére? Hive in ya zhiewoo v Amuny x Washington, DC. va-shink-to-nye, —_Bannmirrone How do you say kak ska-zaht’ Kan exavare itin Russian? —_—pa roo-ski? pyceRH? Doyou speak = iga-varestye Bu ropopwre English? pa-ahn-glee-ski? alittle. dah, neem-no-ga, ila, Heunoro, Tdon't speak ——-yaplo-khagava- Sl nnoxo rosopi Russian well, yoo pa roo-ski, —_no-pycex: How is your wife? kak vah-sha Kax nauia wena? zhee-nah? yourhusband vahsh moosh wa myx your mother vah-sha maht’ = ausa mar your father vahsh atyets sau oven your daughter vah-shadach’ nama tows your son vahsh sin pau cue * Literally: Where are you ving?ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION rycexmit ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyCCKMH your sister vaste ama cectpa We are ina hurry. mi ta-ro-pim-sya. Ms Toponumes soo-etral oe yourbroiher ——_vahsh braht sau 6pat Is Basi athome? _va-see-ly do-ma? My best wishes” privyet — He's notat home. ye-vo nyetdo-ma, Ero wer soma to your family. _seem*ye. coMbe. She's nol at home. ye-yo nyet do-ma. Ee wer aowa Would you ike ya kha-choo AL xany He's nothere. _ye-vo nyet es a to come to pri-gle-seet” hiparaacur® pac : uss a myhouseon —vask sib-ye wcefe & She'snot here. _ye-yonyet, Saturcay?* 1 s00-bo-100. eyGsiory When willne —kag-dah on Kora on ‘Would youtike to ya kha-choo Hxowy _fetum? _veer-nyotsa? = ncpnérce? ‘come for lunch? pri-gla-seet” apuraacHt’: When will she ig-dah a-nah Koraa ona vasnnalahnch. sac wa nan. return? voor-nyo-tsa? —__nepuiex? re = aoe Please come in. pa-zhah-loo-sta, _Mloxanyhera, ie Nays — ‘kha-dee-tye xomurre, vidyela- ro ner — oe eae ae 7 eeu Ploase sit down sa-deetyes’, Cauerece, pathah-loo-sta, — woxaayiieva Were srosgou Se Make yourself bood’-ti kag Bynnre wax inane a at home. do-ma. 10M. ‘ i-doo du theweho Fevgoing, eee ig ak Would youlike —_kha-tee-tye Xonure shopping Fea ee someting yest’? com? Could 1 G0 mozh-na ya pay: Moano x noiiay to drink peet’ seth, 2 hemi? e wan? a with you! eee De you smoke? wikee-raetya? Bu aypnve? nye nah-da veer Mine Hato ——— enna Tee aaKSie BERLE Doyoumind —Vinivazrazhah = Bu we seven o'clock cent wacane iW smoke? ye-tye, ya nowpaxacre, ume 7 zakoo-ryoo? saaxypn? eae Deyounave 00 vas yest Y pac ecth alight? cmwnew? Were leaving misee-chahs Mw celluac ie sda "0. ight now. g0-kho-deem. yecomu. Would you mind pa-zhah-loo-sta,— Moxaitylicra, rea? igatown ‘Bu ravamaz not smoking, nye Koo-ree-tye, ne aypare. Are youready? —viga-to B uo Pei + Literally: 1 would like to invite you to my (house) on Saturday.ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHH Thanks for al mi proo-krahs-na Mu npexpacno wonderfultime. pra-vee-lee vrye- poses apes, mya, spa-see-ba, _criacit6o. Have a safe zhee-lah-yoo Kean trip home. bla-ga-patooch- — Ga1arouoiysu nada-braht’-sa_ a06parsex da-moy. aomoa. Come see preekha-deetye — Iipuxonrre ewe us again, ye-shchyo, INQUIRIES ON onpocnt THE STREET HA YAMUE Goud you tell me kak mnye da- Kak wie the way tothe braht'-sadoa- 06parscx ao US. Embassy? meer-i-kahn-ska- Amepuxaucxoro vapa-sol' stva? —_nocoupctna? the main square da glahv-noy 0 riiaBHoi plo-shcha-di an Where isthe gdye tsyerkaf’? Tne uepxonk? church? the cathedal © sa-bor coop the park panrk naps What is the kakah-yaeta Kaxan sro name of this 0-lets2? yanna? street? How farisitto kak da-lee-ko Kax naneno the Historical cropusaeckiit Museum? myseit? Which way adye sye-veer? Tne cenep? isnonh? south yook wr east va-stok nocrok west zah-pat ana Imiost. (ms) ya ze-bloo-deel-sya. i sabaynuner. or (fs) ya za-bloo-dee-las'. 51 aafizyannacs. ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMIi Please show pa-zhah-loo-sta, _‘loxanyiiera, me where pakazhee-tyena uoxaxure wa we are on kahr-tye, gdye mi xapre, ne wit this map. na-kho-dim-sya. _waxoauaes. Please write Pa-zhah-loo-sta, Iloxanylicra, ftdown. narpl-shee-tye. musi. Turn right. pa-veer-nee-lye epHnre na-prah-va. anpano. Turn left. pa-veer-nee-tyo — Tlonepumre nalye-va. waren, Go straight ahead. iedee-tye prya-ma. Havre upawo NUMBERS, TIME, COLORS NUMBERS 4HCHA zero nol’ ons ‘one a-deen osu two dvah sa three tree 1p four chee-tirye werupe five pyat’ nant six shyest’ ects seven syem’ conte eight vo-seem’ roceny nine aye-vit seoar ten dye-si’ Becsrh Side 2 leven a-deena-tsat’ ——oamunaauare twelve dvee-nah-tsat’ —jweniauuarh thirteen tree-nah-tsat’ ‘Tpmwanuare fourteen chee-tirnah-tsat’ —serupanuar fittgen pyet-nab-tsat” RaTHanuarTe siteen sheest-nah-tsat’ —mecrnannars seventeen seem-nah-tsat” ——cewnanuarn eighteen va-seem-nah-tsat’ wocemaquars aENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyCCKH nineteen dee-wet-nahasat” nenstHanith fwenty dvah-tsat’ "ARANaT® twenty-one dvah-tsat’ a-deen —nsanmtars on twenty-two dvah-tsa dvah nants spa thirty tree-tsat’ ‘pnts forty so-rak copox fity pyet-dees-yat” ——_nsratecsth sty sheest-dees-yat! —mectwecars seventy syem’-does-yet" —cempnecars eighty vo-seem’dees-yat' socenmaccerh ninety deev-yano-sia —_sepanocio a hundred sto a two hundred —_duye-stee ree uieava pyer-viy wepre fta-roy reropott tryestiy spent cheet-vyor-tiy —wetnépristt a-deen rahs umn pas dvarah-za 0a pase ten percent dye-sil pratsen-tal necsrs npouestron How old sskol-ka vam CkombKo are you? yet? sant ter? Tam 34. mnye tree-tsat’ Mute sprauarn chee-ti-ye. wert. TIME BPEMS. What time isi?” _Katovly chahs? _Koroputi vac? It's one o'clock. See-chahs chahs. Celiac va. Is two o'clock see-chahs dvah_—Cetiuac na cha-sah. For one o'clock, simply say chahs, alter the numbers 2, 3, anc 4, say chi-sah. Aiter the numbers § through 20, say ch-sof. 10 ENGLISH Its ten to five. Ws twenty-five past three, Isa quarter past its halt ast one. Its early late ‘Shall we meet. at noon? at eight in the morning at four exactly tomorrow at fen this afternoon this evening cr tonight ‘second _ arminute an hour see-koon-da PRONUNCIATION byes deo-sya-tee pyat’. tree dvaht-sat’ pyat’, chyet-veert™ see-chahs ran-na poz-na fstrye-tim-sya {pol-deen"? vo-seem’ oo-trah rov-na chee-thrye zaht-tra vdye-sit see-vod-nya dnyom see-vod-nya vye-chee-rom micnoo-ta chahs PyccKuii Bes necarit Mernepre cenbnore. Toswnina roporo. Cefiuae pan. Berperanea owe? RnoceMt yrpa poRHO # neruipe saprpa W jlecwt anew cerommm pentepow cexyana nigra DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday pacnee-dyel-nik ‘tor nik, sroo-dah cheet-vyerk. Pyat-ni-tsa so0-bo-ta vas-ree-syen'-ye n AH HEAR IE ropaux pena ernepr cyGtiora oexpeces—_— ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyceKnnit every day kahen-dly dyen’ leave today. yoo A yevKaw ‘conan tomorrow aaerpa the day afer chye-reez dyen’ —epes ens tomorrow next week na slyed-o0-yoo- na cueayrouten shchey nidye-te — nenene \arrived ya pri-ye-khal A apex yesterday. (ms) _fchee-rah. puepa. or (3) A opnexara the day before © pa-zarfchee-rah —_ov0nNepa yesterday last week ra pro-shioy sa upomol nee-dye-iye neneae aday dyen’ ens MONTHS OF MECSILBI THE YEAR TOMA January yan-vahr” aunaph February tee-vraht’ March mahrt Agri a-pryel” May may June ee-yoon’ July ec-yoo!" August ahv-goost awryer Sepiember seen-tyahbr’ ‘cenrs6ph October ak-tyahbr’ oxta6ph November na-yahbr’ noa6pe December dee-kahbr’ neKa6ph What is the kacko-ye see-vod- Kaxoe ceroans date today? nya chi-slo? sneno? ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH Itisthe sath shee-sto-ye Lilectoe was of May. mah-ya this month lam mye-sits-ye_# vrow mecute this week na aro Kenene this year B 970M roy last year mpouinow ga-doo roay next year vy boo-doo-shcheem s Gyayitien ga-doo rony spring vees-nah we summer Weta nero autumn o-seen’ cen winter zimah asa THE WEATHER ToroaA How is the kakah-ya Kaxas weather ‘see-vod-nya ceroana today? pa-go-da? noroaa? it's cold. kholad-na, Kouoswo. tes fine. pree-krahs-na-ya —Mipexp: pa-go-da rnorona, Its hot. zhabr-ka. 2Kapro, tts sunny, ‘sol-neech-na, Commeuo, ts windy. Berpeno, Ws raini Maer aoxas, Is it snowing? Madr ener? How will the kackah-ya zahf-tra. Kaxan santpa weather be pa-go-da? niorona? tomorrow?PRONUNCIATION PyeCKHit boo-deet byner o-blach-na. ona prakr-lahd-na = npox:1anno ma-roz-na Mopomwo too-mahn Tynan vlahzh-na a1aKHO UBETA Kanoii 910 user? itis black. Sepa tis dark blue, _see-niy. Cut itis light blue. garloo-boy. Foay6o. Iris brown, ka-reech-nee-viy. Kopsienuit itis gray. ser, Cepni itis green. zee-lyo-niy Bene isles lee-to-viy, ee ro-zavly Posom krahs-niy Kpacwui Bem q tis yellow Keune Hike this color. mnye nrah-vit'sa Muo upansres e-tat tevyet ror ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyCcKHA PERSONAL NEEDS AT THE HOTEL BOCTHHMUE Isthere a Service dyes’ yest” ‘3nece ere Spo Bureau?® byoo-ro oostook? —Yenyr? dike to reserve ya kha-choo A xouy ‘room, za-bra-nee-ra-vat’ —216ponupoware rome Ihave reserved ¥ wens a room. Zarbra-nee-ra-van —vaGpamnponan no-meer. nonep. Doyouhavea oa vas yest’ ¥ pac evn double room? no-meer na howep He dvareekn? sunouna? asingle room at dyer’-nly orcas no-meer noMep Doyouhave 00 vas yest” Y pac ecth Homep a room with ‘no-meer 5 © nano? abath? a shower ayuiew air conditioning ovtamitnoHepon nye-ram twin beds ad-nas-pal‘ni-mi —juocnamsasyn kra-va-tya-mi npumenant What is the rate skol-ka sto-l'no-Cxoaako crow per day? meer soot-kee? _komep a cyrau? Is breakfast zaht-trak fkho-dit—Sasrpax wxomutr included? f sto-i:most’? » cronnocts? I be staying for ya prarboodoo A aposyy anve ‘wo nights, dvo-ye soo-tak. eyrox. "Many hotels have Service Bureaus to help you book fours or trips, order tickets for planes and trains, and help you with travel vias inside PusENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ryeckmit ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMA Isthere abetter yest’no-meer cri womep an electric fan ‘euTHAaTop room? palooch-shye? nonvuiie? aheater oGorpenarenn cheaper pa-dee-shyev-lye nosewienne larger pa-bol’-shye nno6oabute anton o0-tyook ynor smaller pa-myen'-shye —_nowensiie apillow a-doosh-koo ——noyunry quieter pa-spa-koy-nee-ye noctoxoitnes some shampoo _sham-poon’ suanmyns some soap mia Mout0 What isyour | valrshe eem-ya, = Bauuc ama, some toilet too-a-lyet-noo-yoo ryaiernywo name, please? pa-zhah-ioo-sta. _noxanyiicra a hooters ana OU ACTORS hgh Sirsa fel ene a towel paletyen-tsye —— nasorenue Maythave a raz-boo-dee-tye—Pasoyamre mena ‘Wal ineis” "wa nioefia ~~ he tacmeco ‘wake-up call at meen-yaf shyest’ » wects yrpa, Hentai aa saaoe 6am, please? —_oo-trah, noxaiylices vonved? pazhal-loo-sta. SS eee . May (have mnye noozh-na Mune nyo Could Ihave my yama-goo vzyat’ A wory RaAT these dothes "dat acbyerh cysts onexay key, please? _—klyooch? sre dry-cleaned? ——_doo f Khim- fm xuueray. ‘On what floor na ka-kom Ha xaxos arame cheest-koo. ismyroom? ——eta-zhye ol womep? washed f steer-00 a erupey moy no-meer? ironed paglah-roit noceunee contains fragile khroop-ki-ye xpynkne neu items. wye-shch. Side 4 AT THE Ace BYSPEAIRHHM Where can dye mozh-na Tue womuo I make zdye-lat’ enema’ photocopies? fi 2 oroxonnn? Mayluse the mozh-na vas-pol’- Moxa computer? za-vat-sakam- ——socnomao- Pyoo-tee-ram? eaTecn ontunsriepou? a typewriter pee-chaht-nay ——nesaroit masheen-kay —ssawnuxort atape recorder — mageni-ta-fo-nam — waruxtosonoxt the fax machine fahk-sam axcom How much do skel-kasto-it xoxoxo crour you charge stra-nee-isa? © erpannua? er page? Could send mozh-na Moxuo atelex? atprahwvit! ormpannrs tye-lyeks? resiexc? “Where is your gaye vahsh Tne nant office? kacbienyet? xaGauner? ihe supervisor's ka-b-nyet xaGuner office na-chahl'-i-ka — navambanxa Mr. Malenov's —ka-bi-nyet xabnner office malyeneva -Marenoss 29ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ryCCKHA the legal yoorrdee-chee- _wpianwecxut section skiy at-dyel rac the ad-mi-ni-stra- administrative teev-niy section at-dyel onsen need some mnye noozh-ni Mure nyxusi office kantsee-lyar- ——xauueampensse slationery skiye pr-nad- = npunagnem some plain lyohah-na-sti ocr letter paper —_pra-stah-ya nnpoctas an English- boo-mah-ga Syst Russian ahng-ia-too-sily —anrina-pycexuit dictionary sla-vahe caioraps Do you need vam yeshcho Hay emé anything else? shte-nibood’ = uro-n6yn noozh-na? nyseino? Here is my vot mah-ya Bor won business card. vizeetnaya somanrian kahr-iach-ka. saprouka, ‘THE TELEPHONE TENEOOH Maylusethe _mozh-na Moano telephone? Paz-va-neet'? ——rronousere? Where is the gdye toe-leefo-niy Tae renedyonnnsit Phone directory? sprah-vach-nik? —_cupasounux? How do imake — kahk pa-zvarneet’ Kax nosnom acallto the va-mye-rkoo? —» Awepsxy? United States? dike to make mnye nah-da Mue nano a collect c pa-zva-neet” iio-mOHNT ye za schyot ‘cud aBomenra. a-ba-nyen-ta an international za-gra-nee-tsoo— sarpanuy call long-distance pa meezh- call g0-r2-d00 no meaRropony 30 SE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMI What is the karkoy meezh-doo- Kanon mexay- area code for —-ga-rod-niy kot roponuuité xom. Moscow? mask-vi? Mockan? ‘The ling is busy. lee-ni-ya za-nya-tah, Jnana sunwra, Hello. a Who's speaking, kto 00 please? tecrlee-to-na? ta sah-sha is Sasha, Maylspeak pa-pra-see-tye, — Tlonpocwre, to Anya? pa-zhah-loo-sta, —noxaayiicra, a-nyoo. An, She's not here. ye-yo nyet. Ee wer He'snothere, _ye-ve nyet. 0 Wer. Could you take mozh-na Moxuo ‘a message, a-sta-veet! oeraniers please? zapees-koo? __vanucxy? TRANSPORTATION ELACESOF Alocronpune. INTEREST NATEALB- HOCTH Moscow mask-vah Mocks Moscow ma-skat-skiy00- Mocxoacxset University nieveer-sityet ——-Yatunepewrer or ‘em ge 00 Mry Ried Square ——ikrab-sna-ya Kpacnaa pplo-shchat TLiowam St Basi’s secbor va-see-iiya CoGop Bacnmes Cathedral ble-zhye-nava — Bnaxenuoro the Kremlin kryemt’ Kpewne the Chinese Cty kitay-go-at Karrait-ropoa 3tES ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. PyCCKM ENGLISH ‘PRONUNCIATION PyCCKMA St.Petersburg sahnkt pee- Cauxr-Tlerep6ypr How much is. skol’-ka sto-yit (Cxonnko crowr teer-boork 2 one-way bikyet vadeen Suet nonsn ‘the Hermitage er-mi-tahgh Spmarax ticket? ka-nyets? sone? Museum round-trip too-dah i Tyna the Peter and pye-tra-pahv-lay- Terponasuos- abraht-na 6 para0 Paul Forress ska-ya krye- Kast fourist-class Hoo-f-stee-ches-w rypucrimec- past’ pee kam klah-see —_kow wiacee the Martin : Mapruttexs 7 carey metry te is there a Vvblad-ntye —B nisxomitue special dnyl yest aut ecrs ATRIP TOE: weekend rate? _skeet-ka? cxnaa? — mid-week feceree-dee-nye » copeaune Have a good schastlee-va-va__ Cuacranaoro nee-dyert eae ‘mp! Pootee! neni ya ma-goo SL wory KynieTh Where can gdyemozh-na Ine woo koo-peet’ Fgot-niy —nsroviuti Irentacar? _vayaht’ na nest a bityet diya Guner an pra-kaht poxar sloo-dyen-ta? cygenTa?” auuuuy? senior-citizen pon a bicycle enocunen discount ewenonepa Where do | board gdye pri-chahl Tze mpmvan ‘Smoking or dla koor-ya Tina xypannx the boat? sood-na? yaa? non-smoking? shchikh ee-li dla wu suns the ferry pe-to-ma tapos nickoor-yah- exypauix? Where dol board gdye a-stanotka Pre octanoana a the streetcar? tram-vah-ya? Tpanenaa? Non-smoking, dlané-koor-yah- nn nexypaumex, weawis 5 please, shehikh, uoxanylicra. ‘Where is the gdye mee-tro? Tre merpo’ pa-zhah-loo-sta metro station? 7 tran station vag-zahl nora Could youtell —ska-zhee-tye, — Ckaxue, bus stop arsta-nof-ka ocranoaxa mewhenwe pazhah-loo-sta, noxazyitera, aefto-bo0-sa anrobyea reach my kag-dah boo-dt Kora Syner Wher oe mains ra ee stop? maya a-sta- Nom Where can I buy gdye mozh-na koo- Tue oxo : 7 woe novautenni?! ametto token?" peet’ zhee-ton? _xynurs 2xeron? oe Maylhavea — pa-zhah-loo-sta, —_Hoxanyiicra, nae ing cer? eee eater schedule, day-tye mnye ra-—nafire wie please? spisab-niye, —_ peemieare What lime does kag-dah at-kho-cit_ Korna orxonwr Epes — the trainleave —_po-yestna noeaa ma Formerly te Kirov Theater. for Figa? ere? Pory? "A metro token is raquired to pass through the gales at the metro entrance, a ~ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyCCKH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyccKnit What ime does kag-dah pri-bi-vah- Korsa upuGuaer Sx iters of shyest lee-trat lect» amtpoe the train get to yet po-yest vee. noes » gasoline, Dosnzee-na, ew sania Ekaterinburg? —_ka-lee-rin-boork? —Exarepmu6ypr? please. pa-zhah-loo'sta, —_woaatyhera, tsitontime? on idyot pa Ow wer 10 Piease fil up pol-niybahk, —_—_‘Tloasuil fax, farspi-sah-ni-yoo? —pacimcanun? the tank. pazhah-loo-sta. —o-xasyicra, Does this train po-yest e-sta-nahv- Hlocat eranannn- Mycarneeds — mnye nah-da Mune wano makeastop __i-va-ee-tsa acres m oil darleet’ masela——_nomirrs macro Tver? f tvye-ry0? Twepn? dvee-ga-tye'’ fn anuravens How long do ‘Ckommxo sia Where is the gaye bl-zhay-sha- Tze 6-uvxaiunan we stop here? Sh ETOH? closest service ya stahntsiya crams station? af-to-ap-sloo-shi- _asr006- INTHE CAR B MAIIHHE cay xunanna? Doss this road e-tada-ro-gana 9r0 nopora wa ‘This doesn't Dro He leadto Nizhniy neezh-niy Hiraseit work, paGoraer. ? ? jonropo? = Negros neva pea Can yourepair —pachi-nee-tye, —_Tloumanre, How many skol-ka Croisxo the tire, pa-zhah-loo-sta, —oxaayitera, kilometers is kila-mye-traf da xuusometpon 20 please? ka-lee-80. xoasso. itto Vladimir Wecdee-mira? ——_Buiaaumupa? the headlights —_fah-ri ‘hapa Can you direct pa-zhah-loo-sta,_oxaayiicra. Tneed to ‘ma-yoo ma-shee- Mow nauuy me to the pakazheetye — noxanure have my noo nahdaat- ano bridge, please? da-ro-goo na nopory wa car lowed. book-siravahl’, —ordyxcaposers most x . the highway sha-sye occ Foren on eens o%e agas station —_been-za-ka- SernoKo1! ahaa ne Jon-koo — the feny station arom napou How much will CkonbKo 310) a feet stort’? 6yner crowrs? How often does kahk chah-sia ax wacto cost? eee eee the fery leave? _kho-cit parrom? row napont? AT THE AIRPORT B ADPONOPTY lee-ko? eK? Is it far? eta dalee-ko? 910 aaexo' Wewkie obersndila iypamane Can you draw —narrisooy-tye ——-Hapucyfine ‘gate for na myest-nt-ye wa Mecrae me a map, kahr-too, xapry, domestic flights? _a-vi-a-rey-si? apmapelica? please? momanytiera international meezh-doo- Mexayeae flights na-tod-ni-ye pone avierey-si annapelien -1 ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyccKuit ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyccKnit ‘Where is the gdye zahl Tre saa Ihave nothing mnye nye-chee-va Mue nevero arrival gate? pii-bisti-ya? puSirs? to deciare. vno-sit'v dee- aMocuTe 8 departure atpracviye-nee-ya_ornpasnenna Warrah-tsiyoo. _nexnapauno. How long will the —na-skol’"-ka HackorKo: Ihave some 00 meen-ya yest’ = Y mena ects. flight to Moscow atlo-zhyen reysotoxeu pelic perfume. ‘doo-khee. aS. be delayed? namask-voo? a Mocxry? some cigarettes si-gar-ye-tt cenraperes At Heetae Korg marener agift pa-dah-rak nouapor “iepane tor yetaamayet canon my parson echye nati Saint Petersburg f sahnkt » Canxt- elongings vyesst leave? pee-teer-boork? —_TlerepSypr? Could you open _at-kroy-tye, ‘Orxpolite, Giyouplose: pazaveste, | icwear, your bag, pa-zhah-loo-sta, noxanyiiera, mealatigt "peshanogsta, womangiera, please? soon-koo enaay, attendant? styoo-ahr-da, erwapna, iGoae: ackrov Ve: SARRORTE (male attendant) eee dederiys, (Chiat EMERGENCY & MEDICAL SITUATIONS endant) pazhahvloo-sta, nomanyicrs, Woes gave Te styoo-ar-dye-soo. _crinapsteccy. hospital? bbal'-neet-sa? Gomummnta? AT CUSTOMS HA TAMOXKHE Call an vi-za-vee-lye Basownre: ‘ambulance! sko-100:yoo ‘exopyio Tamatouisl. yatooreest. A iypacn FEE eps: cnearen tt seta ‘businessman biz-neesmyen — Swowecwe the tre ee, ora business- department ma-shee-n00 wautreny, woman ———— arr a student stoo-dyent erynent Call the police! paz-va-nee-tye vv Llossounre # - mideet-si-yoo. usu. Is this duty free? e-ta ‘Dro obnaraeicH doctor dok-ta-roo oKropy ablagahyetsa nouns? poshienoy? Fire! pa-zhahr! Tloxap! This is my e-ta moy pamagee-ye!—Towornrel luggage. be-gahsh, ‘Saran. e-taek-stree-na-ya Sto oxcrpenuas my suitcase moy chee-ma-dan oii wemosau sitoo-ab-tsi-ya! —cirryauue, my briefcase moy part-tyel’ oil nopripent hard - aeeguee ‘There has been ‘Tass apapus, my handbags ma-ya soomrka y ples Do you have (00 vas yest’ shto¥ nac ecrn uro —_—_ anything to. vnye-sti v di- nuecra & tis dangerous. ‘ropndons. declare? Kla-rah-tsi-yoo? —_nexnapanyao?Ba ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMIE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PyccKnit tam sick. (ms) ya bo-leen. 3 GoneH. My ankle (00 meen-ya YY Mens Gone or fs) ya bal'nah. 5 Gonna, hur. eka, oaaKa om am pyna Can you get me mnyenoo-zheen Mue nyxel i. diol an interpreter? pee-ree-vot-chik,_neperoanux."? oe rela ve lost my moy pahs-part Molt uacnopr . foot cro passport pateeryalsa. ——niorepaua. hand uc py head rostona My wallet has oy ka-sheedyok Moi xoureuiex res? dete __been stolen oo-krabr yxpa ' teo hora Ineedto goto mnye noozh-na = Mute HyKHO. throat gorla ropi1o the dentist 1a pii-yom k a apiece stomach zhee-loo-dak 2RETYTOK stama-to-la-goo. _crostarouory tooth zoop x6 Doyouhave oo vas yest’ Y ac cers Thankyou for Spasee-baza Chaco wa any aspirin? a-spi-reen? acnupan? your help. po-mashch’ ono. lamaliergic 00 meerr-ya Y wei to penicilin, aleer-gee-yana — auteprivt na pee-nitsiteen, —— yenuusun this food e100 ye-doo ny eny shefish krah-bai xpavos cigarette si-ga-ryet-nly enraper smoke dim aM this medicine eta lckabrstwa 910 nexaperno pollen pil-ts00 mscisuy bee stung meen-ya 00-k00- Meria yxycura me. seelapchyela. —nvcna 1am diabeti ya diabyert . Literally: !need an interpreter.SOCIAL CUSTOMS & POLITE EXPRESSIONS leamed, there are many polite or customary expressions which, when used appropriately, will show that you understand, and respect the social customs of the country. When oreeting friends, Russians do not ask Hiow are you? as ‘Americans do. Certain expressions can be used as informal ‘greetings such as Privyét (Hi), or even Kahk deelih? (How's it going?). A more formal expression is Zdréhstvooytl. (Hello) ‘This can be used any time, but only once a day to the same Person. When you meet someone for the first time, you can say, Priyétna peznekémitsa or Ochin priyétna, both meaning I'm pleased fo mest you To address a man you do not know well, use the title Gaspadéen (Mr.) before his last name, for example, Gaspadiéen Pltrév. You would use Gaspazhéh (Mrs.) tor a ‘woman. However, you will need to say her last name with an added suffix, for example, Gaspazhah Pitréva. A young ‘woman whose name you do not know is often addressed simply as Dyévooshka (Miss) It you step in tront of someone, or must go through a crowd, you may beg pardon by saying lzvinéeti. You will probably hear the response Niehivé, meaning Never mind or Ifs OK. When you are invited into a Russian home, you may accept by saying § oodavél'stviyem (With pleasure). As you arrive, your host will greet you with Fkhadéeti, pazhahlooysta (Come in, please) and then béod'ti kak déma (Make yourself at home). ‘When having a crink with Russian friends, you may toast Za vahshe zdarévye! (To your health!) ori called on to make & toast, you might lift your glass To peace and friendship by saying Zaméer idréozhboo! When you are ready to eal, wish your companions Priyitrava apitéetal (Enjoy your ‘meail). Compliment your host or hostess at the end of your meal by saying Ochin fkoosna (This tastes delicious!). After an enjoyable time, remember to say, Bila échin priyétna (1 enjoyed it very much) and Spaséeba za tsyé (Thanks for 40 _ ——t— everything!) When someone thanks you, you may reply Pazhéhlooysta (You are welcome). When dining in a restaurant, say Afitsidhnt to call a waiter and Afitsiéhnka to calla waitress. Most Russian restaurants are open for lunch at 12:00 noon, and for dinner from about, 5:00 to 11:00 p.m. or even midnight. ‘A typical Russian appetizer may be ikréh (caviar) of kapchénaya asitréena (smoked sturgeon). You may also try marinovéhniyi gribi (pickled mushrooms) Before your meal, you might try akréshkoo, or cold kvass soup with chopped vegetables and meat, and for the main course, try zharkoye v garshdchkI, or meat roasted in a pot. Other typical main courses are varéniki (fruit dumplings), and pil’méni (Siberian meat dumplings). As for alcoholic drinks, Fussia is of course famous for its vodka (votka). ‘The most important Russian holiday is N6viy gét (the New Year}. On that day, you will be greeted with $ névim gédam! which means Happy New Year! To wish someone a Merry Christmas, say $ razhdistvém! and for a Happy Birthday, say 2 dnyém razhdénya! A generel greeting you can use for every holiday including the New Year and Christmas, is spréhznikam! ot Happy Holidays! Many English words have found their way into the Russian language. Listen to the following words and you will see how ‘easy it is 10 recognize them: aftamébil —bahnk ~—makarbni_— tlt aerapért futbol manumént —_spért katastréta — féelm —téhksi stép Congratulations! - Pazdraviyéhim! You are already welt on ‘your way to learning Russian! Good fuck! ~ Udéhehi vm! 4aBASIC RUSSIAN GRAMMAR Nouns in Russian are grouped into three genders: the masculine, ending in a consonant, -y or the *soft sign" ('). For example: sto! — table mahy—May —_ kon’ — horse the feminine, ending in-a, -ya or iva. For example: knéega — book zemlyé — earth Itéhliya — Italy and the neuter, ending in -0 or -e, For example: akné — window péle — field There are no articles (a, and the in English) in the Russian language. Therefore, kniga can mean the book or a book. Russian nouns can be in one of six cases. Showing the different cases involves changing the noun's ending: Nominative (N): usually nouns that are subjects or topios of sentences. For example: Dyévachka chitényet. The git is reading, Genitive (G): nouns that follow prepositions, “belong to” other persons or things, indicate negation and limitation of time, ‘space, or quantity. For example: Eta séomka dyévachki. Thisis the gir’s purse. Dyévachki zdyes' nee bila. The girl was not here. Accusative (A): nouns that are the objects of verbs, or epresent duration of time or inanimate destination, For example: Ya véezhoodyévachkoo. _! see the gil. Dative (D): nouns that represent the indirect object; someone who or something that experiences something: action over time. For example: Pyétroo bila khéladna. Peter was cold. (Lit: was cold to Peter) So Mshma dahla knéegoo dyévachkye. Mother gave the book to the gir. Mi khédim f kind pa panidyél'nikam, Wie go to the movies on Mondays. instrumental (i): nouns that are an indirect object; the manner in which or the instrument whith which an action s performed; unspecific ime reference. For example: On pisthl karandéhsham. He wrote with a penci Ya zenimshyoos’ éotram. | study in the moming. Prepositional (P): nouns which are the indirect object, location, description, For example: Mi bili fteshtre We were at the theater. ‘As shown above, the endings of the nouns indicate the case of the noun, as well as the gender and number. To form a plural, masculine and feminine nouns generally add -i, and neuter nouns generally drop the final -o and add - a inits place, For example: (mn) stof st6li (table, tabies) wy knéega —knéegi_—_(book, books) (oy akné——ékna (window, windows) Pronouns: The subject pronouns are as follows: ' ya we mi you (informal) tf ‘you (formal) vi he on they ani she anéh it and The form tis used to address a clase friend or a relative or child, and vi is used when addressing a person who is nat ‘weil known to the speaker, or who is higher in position or older in age.Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. Each of these affects the ending of the adjective. (m) krdhsniy stol, kréhsniye st6ti (red table, red tables) a -kréhsnaya knéega, kréhsnye knéegi (red book, red books) © -krésnaye akno, kréhsniye akné (red window, red windows) Verbs change their endings according to the person doing the action, There are two types of verbs which are grouped by two different sets of endings, and are known as first and second conjugation. For example: First conjugation: chitaht’ - to read head ya chitéhyoo we read ‘ni chitéhyem you read fi chitéhyesh you read vi chitéhyetye she reads ‘on, andh chitdhyet they read ani chitéhyoot Second conjugation: gavaréet’ — to speak 4 speak yagevar'éo we speak ‘mnt gavaréem ‘you speak tf govoréesh you speak vi gavaréete ‘sihe speaks ‘on, anéh gavaréet they speak ‘onde gavar'ét Russian verbs can also show aspect, indicating whether the ‘speaker sees the action as an ongoing process (in which case the imperfective aspect is used), or the completion of the action (in which case the perfective aspect is used). Perfect aspect verbs are not used whan the meaning is in the present tense. _ ‘The two verbal aspects, perfective and impertective, can be identified either by prefixes or suffixes added to the verb. For example: Ya chitéhl 6t00 knéegoo. (using the verb chit) Ya prachitéhl Stoo knéegoo. | read (ie. completed reading) this book. 1 was reading this book. {using the verb prachitaht') Negation in Russian is generally indicated by the word ne (rot; also ni) which can be placed in front of @ word to negate its meaning. For example: Ya znéhyoo iknow. Ya ni znéhyoo. 1 don't know. In Russian, several negative words may be necessary in a negative statement, and do net cancel each other out: Ya nikagdéh nikaméo ni a chom ni gavaréel. | never torabody not about something not sais Inever said anything to anyone. Questions in Russian are marked by intonation. Questions ‘with question words have a falling tone on the stressed part of the final word. For example: Koodth on pasho!? Where did he go? Questions which invite yes/no answers have a higher pitch ‘on the stressed part of the word. For example: Tichitéhl knéegoo? Did you read the book?= —_~— PycoKMit PRONUNCIATION ENGLISH PyCCKM PRONUNCIATION ENGLISH IMPORTANT SIGNS ‘Grmocropomee _ad-nas-laro-ni One-Way Tratfie abwxenie dvizhye-nki Henocunenseru _vrlskpiasti __ Oyelista Gace, Danger Brnwsauite, — vniemah Attention: eo aa Onacuit a-pahe-ni Dangerous repent {pier Roadworks 7 ae pavaret cave seuyrox pa6ors —viddeotsa rarbortt in Progress eee Bina vrimabeni Afention: Lee oe bead jenrexoes pe-shi-kho-d? Pedestrians # ae ee = eee juer exopoft poor sko-o ist ion Bnepeaw pire Tralfic Lights Tana sete po-rme-shcht enerobop sfrta-for Ahead 7 eee ee eee yan in Pat Ewe Ger aaa Croamea mann —_ Staryan-ka mas ng wocunenén vas-pri-ehehon Grommxa vanim — sta-yan-ka ma-shin No Parking — oo aerenti vpri'shehi-nah ia Fea mene caanpeutena Za-pri-shchi-nat “anpewe za-pri-shohon Tyaner too-alyet Restrcom Anexenne dii-zhe-nii Single Lene Tyaux too-pik Dead End 2 ont pan fecdin ryat Traffic Hepxurecn diab’ Keep Let steno cropowst —_lye-vay stava-ni Hlepaireck dir-abicis Keep Fight npapoii cropon _pra-vay sta-ra-nl Baxputo zackrita Closed Sauacniit auton Ze-pahe-niy veKhat Emergency Exit koo-it' Za-pi- No Smoking : shehahit-sa NoPassing O6ron Detour Opnean Orpannsenme ——agera-nehye-ni-i Reduce Speed exapocrn sko-ra-