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Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Problems 2

The document discusses finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 3 matrices and determining if they are diagonalizable. For each matrix, it finds the eigenvalues and describes the eigenvectors associated with each. It then shows that in each case the matrix is diagonalizable by constructing an invertible matrix P such that P^-1AP is a diagonal matrix.

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Ari P Kusuma
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174 views2 pages

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Problems 2

The document discusses finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 3 matrices and determining if they are diagonalizable. For each matrix, it finds the eigenvalues and describes the eigenvectors associated with each. It then shows that in each case the matrix is diagonalizable by constructing an invertible matrix P such that P^-1AP is a diagonal matrix.

Uploaded by

Ari P Kusuma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - Problems 2

For each of the following matrices A, find the eigenvalues λ of A and for each λ determine a maximal
set of linearly independent eigenvectors associated to λ. Say then if the matrix is diagonalizable or
not, and motivate your answer. In the case A is diagonalizable, determine an invertible matrix P
such that P −1 AP = D is diagonal.
 
2 0 1
1. A = −1 2 3
1 0 2
 
6 2 0
2. A = 2 3 0 
0 0 −1
 
2 0 1
3. A =  0 2 1
1 1 1
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - Answers 2

1. The characteristic equation of A is det(A − λI) = (2 − λ)(λ2 − 4λ + 3) = 0, so the eigenvalues


are λ = 1, 2 and 
3. Each
 eigenvalue has only one linearly independent
  eigenvector. The  eigen-
1 0 1
value λ = 1 has  4  as an eigenvector, while λ = 2 has −1 and λ = 3 has 2 .
  
−1 0 1
Since there are three linearly independent eigenvectors, A is diagonalizable.
The matrix P is constructed by taking the eigenvectors and making them the columns of P .
Then
 −1     
1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
P −1 AP =  4 −1 2 −1 2 3  4 −1 2 = 0 2 0 = D.
−1 0 1 1 0 2 −1 0 1 0 0 3

2. The characteristic equation of A is det(A − λI) = (1 + λ)(λ2 − 9λ + 14) = 0, so the eigenvalues


are λ = −1, 2 and 7.  Each eigenvalue has only one linearly independent
  eigenvector.The
0 1 2
eigenvalue λ = −1 has 0 as an eigenvector, while λ = 2 has −2 and λ = 7 has 1 .
1 0 0
Since there are three linearly independent eigenvectors, A is diagonalizable.
The matrix P is constructed by taking the eigenvectors and making them the columns of P .
Then
 −1     
0 1 2 6 2 0 0 1 2 −1 0 0
P −1AP = 0 −2 1 2 3 0  0 −2 1 =  0 2 0 = D.
1 0 0 0 0 −1 1 0 0 0 0 7

3. The characteristic equation of A is det(A − λI) = λ(2 − λ)(λ − 3) = 0, so the eigenvalues are
λ = 0, 2 and
 3. 
Each eigenvalue has only one linearly independent
  eigenvector.The
 eigenvalue
1 1 1
λ = 0 has  1  as an eigenvector, while λ = 2 has −1 and λ = 3 has 1 .
−2 0 1
Since there are three linearly independent eigenvectors, A is diagonalizable.
The matrix P is again constructed by taking the eigenvectors and making them the columns
of P . Then
 −1     
1 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
P −1AP =  1 −1 1 0 2 1  1 −1 1 = 0 2 0 = D.
−2 0 1 1 1 1 −2 0 1 0 0 3

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