CIMA Cement Industries Mala..
CIMA Cement Industries Mala..
CIMA Cement Industries Mala..
Overview On Cement
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In 1824, Joseph Aspdin of England
invented Portland cement by burning
finely ground chalk with finely divided
clay in a lime kiln until carbon dioxide
was driven off. The sintered product was
then ground and he called it Portland
cement, named after the high quality
building stones quarried at Portland,
England. Today, the term is generally
synonymous with Portland Cement,
07 July 2010 which is one of several cement types
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produced.
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Click here for more info. Concrete is a compound material made Good-quality concrete (a
from sand, gravel and cement. The strong hard building
cement is a mixture of various minerals material composed of sand,
which when mixed with water, hydrate gravel, cement and water)
and rapidly become hard binding the sand has many advantages that
and gravel into a solid mass. Cement can add to its popularity. First, it
CIMA Webmail is economical when
be defined as any compound that can be
used to bind two materials together e.g ingredients are readily
wood, bricks, tiles etc. available. Concrete's long
life and relatively low
The first recorded use of cement was by maintenance requirements increase its
the Egyptians, who used it to build their economic benefits. Concrete is not as
Related Links pyramids, in around 2,500 BC. They used likely to rot, corrode, or decay as other
mud mixed with straw to bind dried building materials. Concrete has the
bricks made from clay. They also used ability to be molded or cast into almost
gypsum mortars and mortars of lime in any desired shape. Building of the molds
the pyramids. In the later periods of and casting can occur on the work-site,
civilization, volcanic materials were which reduces costs.
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ground with lime and sand to produce
better cement. The Romans from 300 BC In Malaysia, infrastructure projects using
found that by mixing a pink sand-like cement as a building material (for
material which they obtained from example airports, highways, dams,
Pozzuoli with their normal lime-based housing areas and office buildings) are
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concretes they obtained a far stronger the foundation of our future growth.
material. The pink sand turned out to be Cement is an important means for
fine volcanic ash and they had everyday life of human beings and is
inadvertently produced the first widely use in all buildings throughout the
'pozzolanic' cement. The Romans used world.
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pozzolana cement cement near Mt.
Vesuvius to build the Appian Way, Roman
baths, Coliseum, Pantheon in Rome and
Pont du Gard aqueduct in South France.
They were the first who invented what
today we called hydraulic cement-based
concrete.
The quality of Portland cement is defined by Malaysian Standard MS 522, which is loosely
based on the British standard BS 12. This is however now superseded by EN 196, which is
the European Union standard. These standards specify a series of test for which the cement
will have to conform to. The most common being:
a) fineness - blaine method
b) chemical composition
c) strength - mortar / concrete cubes
d) setting time - vicat method
e) soundness - Le'Chatelier method
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NS CEMENT
TWINLION
Twinlion Cement Type I Portland Cement
and Type II
Portland Composite Cement is specially
manufactured for general applications. It is
designed in such manner that Twin Lion
Cement, when appropriately mixed with
water and sand, it exhibits cohesiveness, less
bleedings, smooth finishing surface and it is
also very easy to use. The Twin Lion Cement
complies with the European Standard BS EN
197-1:2000 which is internationally
accepted. It is available in a bag of 40kg.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
Cement is a hydraulic binder and is defined as a finely ground inorganic material which ,
when mixed with water , forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration
07 July 2010 reactions and processes which , after hardening retains it's strength and stability even under
Job Vacancy at water. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of several types of cement being
Pemasaran Simen manufactured throughout the world.
Negara Sdn. Bhd.
Click here for more info. OPC consists mainly of lime (CaO) , silica (SiO2) , alumina (AL2O3) , iron (Fe2O3) and
sulphur trioxide (SO3). Magnesium (MgO) and other Oxide elements are present in small
quantities as an impurity associated with raw materials. When cement raw materials
containing the proper proportions of the essential oxides are ground to a suitable fineness
and then burnt to incipient fusion in a kiln , chemical combination takes place , largely in the
solid state resulting in a product named clinker. This clinker , when ground to a suitable
CIMA Webmail fineness , together with a small quantity of gypsum (SO3) is Portland Cement. SO3 is
added at the grinding stage to retard the setting time of the finished cement.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
The raw materials used in the manufacture of cement are limestone, shale, sand and iron ore,
typical chemical compositions of which are given in the table below. Limestone makes up
07 July 2010 approximately 80% of the raw material requirements, composes of mainly calcium carbonate
Job Vacancy at with small intrusions of magnesium carbonate. Quarrying operations are geared to minimizing
Pemasaran Simen the intrusions. The limestone is crushed to less than 25mm in size. MgO in the cement, if
Negara Sdn. Bhd. present in sufficient quantities will cause expansion upon hydration thus resulting in
Click here for more info. unsoundness in the concrete.
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Due to the variable nature of these components, they are pre-blended prior to their use. It is
crushed and stored in a pre-blending hall, utilizing the chevron pile stacking method. In this
method, stacking takes place at one end of the pile. At the other end of the pile the material is
reclaimed and then stored in a feeding hopper which is ready for use.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
The raw materials are extracted from the hoppers via weigh-feeders. The materials are
conveyed to the grinding mill and are ground to a suitable fineness , called raw meal at this
stage. This is then stored in a blending silo and blended to ensure homogeneity. The
07 July 2010 proportions of the 4 components are controlled by the continuous sampling and testing of
Job Vacancy at this raw meal. The raw meal chemical composition is determined by the use of an x-ray
Pemasaran Simen fluorescence analyzer. This is linked to the computer which will automatically adjust the
Negara Sdn. Bhd. weigh-feeders, so that the resultant raw meal stored in the blending silo meets the preset
Click here for more info. parameters. After blending this material is then discharged into the storage silos ready for
the next phase of production. The parameters used in the control of the raw meal are lime
saturation factor, silica modulus and iron modulus. These are actually proportions of the
various chemical components which are desired in the resultant clinker. The formulae being
:
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As coal is used as a fuel the coal ash, a combustion product of the coal, has to be treated
as an individual raw material component and the appropriate corrections made at the
weigh-feeder stage.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
For the production of cement clinker, the raw meal which is known as kiln feed at this stage has to be
heated to a temperature of about 1450 degree celcius in the long cylindrical rotating kiln. The kiln feed
enters the system at the top of the pre-heater and fall until the lower end of the kiln. The heat
07 July 2010 exchange occurs during this process when the hot gases from the kiln end rise up to the top of the
Job Vacancy at pre-heater. The clinker formation process is divided into four parts: drying , calcining , sintering and
Pemasaran Simen cooling. As the kiln feed moves towards the lower end of the kiln it undergoes successive reactions as
Negara Sdn. Bhd. shown in the table below.
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KTM e-freight (click here) The principal chemical compounds in the clinker are tricalcium silicate , C3S (40-60%) , dicalcium
silicate, C2S (16-30%), tricalcium aluminate, C3A (7-15%) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, C4AF
(7-12%). The cooling zone in the kiln is actually quite short but it is in this zone that nodulisation of
the melt occurs.
The red hot clinker is then discharged into the cooler , where it is quenched cooled to around 100
UEM Group (click here) degrees centigrade. The heat dissipated by the clinker is used as secondary air for the combustion in
the calciner. This hot gas is also used in the dryers at the raw materials preparation stage. Rapid
cooling of the clinker is essential as this hampers the formation of crystals , causing part of the liquid
phase to solidify as glass. The faster the clinker cooling the smaller the crystals will be when emerging
from the liquid phase.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
Cement is produced by grinding clinker with gypsum (calcium sulfate) in the finish-grinding
mill to a required fineness. A small quantity of gypsum, about 3 to 5 %, is needed to control
the setting time of cement produced. The amount of gypsum being used is determined by
07 July 2010 the Sulphuric Anhydride (SO3) contents in cement.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
After the grinding process, cement is pumped into the storage silos. This silo is preventing the moisture
to react with cement. When needed cement from the silos is packed into bags or loaded into road
07 July 2010 tankers and rail wagons for despatch.
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Manufacture of OPC | Raw Material Preparation | Raw Material Proportioning & Grinding
Clinker Burning | Cement Grinding | Cement Storage & Distribution | Cement Quality
Summary
Cement Quality The Portland cement is produced base on the specifications outlined in the
Malaysian Standard MS 522, which is loosely based on the British standard BS 12. This is
however now superseded by EN 196 , which is the European Union standard. The most
07 July 2010
common requirements that have to comply are:
Job Vacancy at
Pemasaran Simen
a) fineness - blaine method
Negara Sdn. Bhd.
b) chemical composition
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c) strength - mortar / concrete cubes
d) setting time - vicat method
e) soundness - Le'Chatelier method
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Glosary
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A general purpose Portland cement. Suitable for all uses where the
special properties of other types are not required. Its uses include
Type I
pavements and sidewalks, reinforced concrete buildings, bridges,
masonry units.
Type IV is a low heat of hydration cement for use where the rate
and amount of heat generated must be minimized. It develops
strength at a slower rate than Type I cement. Type IV Portland
Type IV
cement is intended for use in massive concrete structures, such as
large gravity dams, where the temperature rise resulting from
heat generated during curing is a critical factor.
To achieve the balance of properties for a particular application, you mix different
proportions of portland cement, hydrated lime, sand and water. Portland cement yields
greater compressive strength but lower water retention during the cure, thus risking
shrinkage cracks. Lime yields lower compressive strength but greater bond strength and
flexibility. Sand, the aggregate, adds volume and minimizes shrinkage as the cement dries.
Water makes the mix workable and activates hydration, the chemical reaction that hardens
the cement.
STORAGE
Store bagged cement on a raised floor in a damp-proof shed. If this is not possible, then
store the cement on a raised platform and cover with waterproof sheeting. Use the cement
in the order you receive it. i.e. first in first out.
WATER
In general, the more water used for a given quantity of cement, the weaker the concrete or
mortar will be. It is therefore important to use adequate amount of water in order to make
the mix workable.
MIXING
Accurately measure all materials with a suitable container (wheelbarrow or bucket). Mix
thoroughly until a uniform colour is obtained. Add adequate amount of water whilst mixing.
CURING
Concrete or plaster should be kept moist for at least 7 days to prevent cracking and to
ensure that it's strength increases. Spray gently with water and protect it with plastic
sheets to prevent it from drying out.
Other information:
Transport in vehicles with adequate protection from weather
Arrange cement bags on timber pallets/platform at least 15cm above the floor. Place
stacks away from
external walls and they should not exceed 10 bags.
The cement should not be lumpy
Cement should be from bags that are not torn or interfered with.
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SYN TAI HUNG TRADING SDN BHD EKAJAYA (M) SDN BHD
NO 59-7, 7th FLOOR CRYSTAL CROWN HARBOUR VIEW
THE BOULEVARD HOTEL
KTM e-freight (click here) MID VALLEY CITY No 217, PERSIARAN RAJA MUDA MUSA
LINGKARAN SYED PUTRA 42000 PELABUHAN KELANG
59200 KUALA LUMPUR. SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN.
Tel : +604 22879218 Tel No : +603 30010648
Fax : +604 22872366 Fax No : +603 30019648
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