NIT Kurukshetra

FLOPPY DISK

Name : Saurabh Yadav

Class : CO-4

Roll No. : 109545

 INTRODUCTION
The storage device is an essential component
in digital computer.It is needed for storing the
programs & data.
There are 2 types of storage device.
1. Primary
2. Secondary
Secondary memory device such as magnetic
& tapes contain large amount of data.
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 DISK DRIVES
Disk drives are usually refer to secondary storage device
(ROM). Information stored in most type of drives can be
accessed & update quickly & easily.
Disk drives read from & write to the media in a serial format.
There are several types of disk drives given bellow
1. FLOPPY DISSK DRIVES.
2. HARD DISK DRIVES
3. CD ROM DRIVES.
4. OTHER SPECIAL DRIVES.
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 FLOPPY DRIVES
A floppy dives is an essential type of storage device.a disk
drive with removable disk is called as floppy drive.
The disk used with a floppy drive are small removable disk
made by plastic , coated with magnetic recording
material .
A floppy drive has a media ,a floppy disk that is easily
removable & small in physical size and /or capacity.

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IDENTIFICATION OF FLOPPY
DISK

• IF WE HAVE TO IDENTIFY
BETWEEN HARD DISK & FLOPPY
DISK THEN FOLLOWING POINT
ARE PRESENT
1. IN THE CASE OF FLOPPY DISK
HEAD ALWAYS TOUCHS THE
DISK.
2. IN THE CASE OF HARD DISK
IS ALWAYS SPINNING.

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 Construction of floppy drive
The floppy disk is made by nonmagnetic material, while it is
coated by magnetic material which is used to store the data.
there are read & write head used to read & write on the disk
respectively.
There are stepping motor is used to move the head according to
controller pin.
Disk hub is used to clamp the disk for spinning of disk to access
the desire portion of disk
Whole structure is covered by shell , while disk is protected by
liner.
Insertion key, write p. key is also situated.
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TRACKS AND SECTORS
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 TYPE OF FLOPPY DISK
Floppy disk are classified on basis of their size,these size are
following .
1.) 8 “
2.) 5.25 ”
3.) 3.5 “
Usually with decrease in size, storage capacity increases.
Among these 3.5 ‘” floppy commonly used today ,due to
1.Small in size to fit in a shirt pocket.
2.They have built in size “window” to protect media from dust.
3. There is very little difference in price between 3.5 & 5.25 “
floppy disk. 8
 HISTORY OF FLOPPY

The first floppy drive was come with IBM pc was

5.25” & stored 360 k byte of data. which was
DSSD. but now it is 1.2 M byte DSDD
IN 1980 IBM introduced a new floppy disk which
was 3.5” & storage capacity was 1.44 M byte &
DSHD.
There is another floppy which has storage
capacity 2.8 M byte,3.5”,DS extra high density.

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 3.5 INCH FLOPPY DRIVE
SHELL SPECIFICATION
It has a tough, high impact plastic shell.It is just 3.7
inch from front to back & 3.5 inch wide.It’s weight is
22 grams.
LINERS
To protect the floppy disk,a thin sheet of unwoven
cloth akin is provided on each side of the medium
from the shell.
HUB
Every time you slide a disk into the drive ,drive hub
clamp onto the disk to hold & spin it.the hub entered
the drive hole & forced the entire disk into the proper
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position for proper reading & writing.
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INSERTION KEY
There are 8 possible way to enter your disk into disk drive & only
one is correct.so insertion key provide the right direction to insert
your floppy.
DENSITY KEY
This key is actually the present or absent of a hole in one corner
of the disk.double density key lack a hole while high density have
a hole.
WRITE PROTECTION
It is right against to write new data in floppy.in 5.25 inch floppy ,if
notch is covered by a tab.the information in the disk is protected
& vice versa.
But in case of 8 & 3.5 inch write protection is opposite to 5.2512
inch floppy.
 100 MB TECHNOLOGY

The storage capacity of floppy is 1.4Mb , which

is not sufficient usually that’s why new
technology introduces in the form of zip disk
Storage capacity of zip disc is about 95.8 Mb.
we can’t format the zip disc for increasing the
storage capacity of it because its servo can’t be
change.

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 WORKING OF CONTROLLER
Controller
When we press the save button ,the keystroke is
detects pc hardware & recognize by its BIOS.
2 Then BIOS send the electronic code to our program &
our program send request to DOS to write on the disk
3 DOS send instruction to BIOS & BIOS send to part of
disk control hardware.
4 This hardware tells drive to move its head .
5 Finally the head read the content from disk.

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 WORKING OF FLOPPY DISK
1. Two signal control the head position ,one signal move the head according to step
pulse by stepper motor & another signal control the direction of the head.
2. To determine which of the side of double disk is read “write signal” signal is used ,it
tells the disk drive to use upper head .(by default lower head).
3. Writing on the require two signal. ”write data” comprises the information that is
actually to be written on the disk.
3. Stepping motor is used to move the read/write head for getting the data from desire
drive surface
4. Finally the controller commands the head to read or write the information.
5. The information is encoded using following methods
FM ENCODING RULE
MFM ENCODING RULE
RUN LENGTH ENCODNG RULE

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PARAMETERS OF FLOPPY DRIVE
1. Calculation of the capacity of drive
There is the formula to calculate the disk capacity
(No of bytes /sector)* (no of sector /track)* (no of track
/surface)*(no of surface).
2. Drive access time
Track seek time+ Rotational delay+ Transfer time.

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 MECHANICAL DESIGN
To carry out their design purpose ,we have to study it’s
mechanical design.
Speed control
A servo system keeps the disk spinning at the correct speed.
HEAD SPEED CONTROL
The stepper motor moves the head with respect to
appropriate voltage pulses.
HEAD INDEXING
The head can put on a right place with assurance ,the resorts
to a process called “INDEXING”.
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 USES & APPLICATION
The application of floppy drive are as follows
1. These are used as the main type of secondary
storage device.
2. We can transfer the information from one computer to
another computer.
3. To provide the backup or save the copy of information
contain in the hard disk.
4. Unlike the audio & video disk ,when we get copy of
copy of program quality is not degrade.

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