MATHEMATICS SM025

MATHEMATICS 2
SM025
Past Year Collections

Name : __________________________
2018/2019
JOHORE MATRICULATION COLLEGE
84900 TANGKAK JOHOR

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

CONTENTS

Topic Pages

1 INTEGRATION 1-12

2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 13-19

3 NUMERICAL METHODS 20-24

4 CONICS 25-31

5 VECTORS 32-40

6 DATA DESCRIPTION 41-53

7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS 54-60

8 PROBABILITY 61-71

9 RANDOM VARIABLES 72-88

10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 89-98

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TOPIC 1: INTEGRATION

1. Evaluate each of the following integrals :


2
(a)  sin 5x cos x dx
0

cos 3 
(b)  sin 2  d


3
 sin
2
(c)  cos 2  d ( 2003/04 )
0

1 1
2. Show that   2 sec 2  Hence, evaluate
1  sin  1  sin 

4
1 1
 1  sin 3x  1  sin 3x dx ( 2004/05 )
0

5x 3  x 2  x 1
3. Express

x 2 x 2 1  in the form of partial fractions. Hence,

e
5x 3  x 2  x  1
evaluate 
1 
x 2 x 2 1  dx . Give the answer correct to three significant

figures.
( 2005/06 )

2
x
3
4. Evaluate x 4  5dx ( 2005/06 )
1

ln x
5. Let f ( x)  , 1 x  e .
x

(a) Find the area of the region bounded by f (x) and the x-axis.

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(b) Hence, find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region
2 radians about the x axis. Give the answer in terms of e and .
( 2005/06 )

6. Let R be the region bounded by y  x ln x, y  0, x  1 and x  4 . Find

(a) The area of R,
(b) The volume of revolution when R is rotated through 360o about the x-
axis ( 2006/07 )

2x 4  4x 2  1
7. Express as partial fractions. Hence,
x3  x
2
2x 4  4x 2 1
evaluate  dx .
1 x3  x
( 2006/07 )

2x 3  9x 2  4x  7
 g x  
A B
8. Given  . Determine the function
2x 2  9x  4 2x  1 x  4

2x 3  9x 2  4x  7
g x  and find the values of A and B. Hence, find  dx .
2x 2  9x  4
( 2007/08 )
9.
y

y 3 x y
4x
1 x

O x

In the figure above, R is the region bounded by the line y  3  x , the curve
4x
y and the y-axis. Find
1 x

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(a) The area of R ,

(b) The volume of solid obtained when R is rotated through 3600 about the x-
axis. Give your answer in terms of  . ( 2007/08 )

10. Evaluate

 ln x dx
1
1 e
x
(a) x
dx (b) ( 2008/09 )

11. Given a function g is defined by

 xe x , x 1
2


g x    ln x 2
 , x 1
 x

 g x  dx
3
Evaluate ( 2009/10 )
1

12. A region R is bounded by the curve y  xx  2 and line y  x .

(a) Sketch the graphs and shade the region R.
(b) Find the area of R. ( 2009/10 )

2
13. Find the exact value of
 t 3 t 2  1 dt . ( 2010/11 )
1

2
Express 8 x  15 as partial fraction. Hence evaluate  8 x  15 dx .( 2010/11 )
2
14.
2 x 3  3x 2 x 3  3x

15. Consider the curve given by the equation f ( x)  2  x 2 .

(a) Sketch the region bounded by the curves f (x) , g ( x)  x 2 , the lines x  0

and x  2 . Hence, find the area of the region.

(b) Find the volume of solid generated when the region bounded by the curve
f (x) , lines x  1 and x  2 is rotated completely about the x-axis.
( 2010/11 )

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9
x
16. By using the substitution t = x , find the exact value of the integral  x  1dx
4

( 2011/ 12 )

x 2  2x  1 A B C D
17. Find the values of A, B, C and D if   2  .
x ( x  1)
2 2 x x x 1 x 1

 x 2  2x  1 
4
Hence, evaluate   2 2 dx . ( 2011/12 )
 x ( x  1) 
2 

18. Find the area of the region bounded by y  sin x, x = 0, x = π2 and the x-
axis. If the region rotated 360 about the x-axis, find the volume of the solid
generated. ( 2011/12 )

2 x 2  4 x  3 A( x 2  x  1)  B(2 x  1)
19. Find the values of A and B if  .
x2  x 1 x2  x 1
2x 2  4x  3
Hence, find  2 dx. . ( 2012/13 )
x  x 1

 sin x cos 4 xdx. by using the substitution u  cos x .

3
20. (a) Find
e
(b) Evaluate 
1
x ln xdx. . ( 2012/13 )

21. (a) Sketch and shade the region R bounded by the curves y  x 2  2 , the line
2 y  x  2, x  0 and x  2. Hence, find the area of R.
(b) If the region R in part (a) is rotated through 2 radian about the x-
axis, find the volume of the solid generated. ( 2012/13 )

22. Determine  cot 2 2 sin 3 2d . ( 2013/14 )

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7 x 2  3x  2
23. Express as partial fractions. Hence evaluate
x  12 x  2
7 x 2  3x  2
4

 x  1 x  2dx .
3
2
( 2013/14 )

24. Given f ( x)  ln( x) .

(a) Sketch the graph of f. shade the region R which is bounded by f(x), x-
axis, x = 1 and x = 2.
(b) Find the area of R.
(c) Find the volume of the solid generated when the region R is rotated
3600 about the x-axis. ( 2013/14 )

25. Evaluate the following integrals:

(a)  sin 6x cos 4x dx

 (3 tan x  4)
5
(b) sec 2 x dx ( 2014/15 )

1 x
26. Given that f ( x)  and g ( x) 
x3 4
(a) On the same axes, sketch the graphs of f and g for the values of
x between x  0 and x  2 . Shade the region R bounded by f , g , x  0 and
x  2.
(b) Find the area of region R
(c) Find the volume of the solid generated when the region R is rotated
through 2 radian about the and x  axis ( 2014/15 )

27. (a) Find the values of A,B and C if

x2  9 A B C
  2 
x ( x  3) x x
2
x3

x2  9
1
(b) Hence, evaluate  2
 2 x ( x  3)
dx ( 2014/15 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025
e

 x ln x dx  4 1  e  .
1 2
28. Show that ( 2015/16 )
1

1 4x
29. Express in partial fractions and hence, find the exact value of
3  x  2 x2
1 4x
1

 3  x  2x
0
2
dx. ( 2015/16 )

30. (a) Sketch and shade the region R bounded by the curve y  x , line
y  2  x and y  axis . Hence, find the area of the region R .

(b) If R1 is a region bounded by the curve y  x , line y  2  x and

x  axis , deduce the ratio of R : R1 .

(c) Find the volume of the solid generated when the region R is rotated
through 360 about the x  axis . ( 2015/16 )

e2x
31. Solve  1  e 2 x dx ( 2016/17 )

4x4  2x2 1
32. (a) Show that the expression can be written as
(2 x  3) 2 ( x  1)
A B C
x2   .
2 x  3 (2 x  3) 2 x  1

(b) From part (a), determine the values of A,B and C. Hence, solve

4x 4  2x 2 1
 (2 x  3) 2 ( x  1) dx ( 2016/17 )

33. Given the curve y  4x 2 and the line y  6 x

(a) Find the intersection points.
(b) Sketch the region enclosed by the curve and the line.
(c) Calculate the area of the region enclosed by the curve and the line.
(d) Calculate the volume of the solid generated when the region is
revolved completely about the y-axis. ( 2016/17 )

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
6
 tan 2 cos 2 d
2
34. Evaluate ( 2017/18 )
0

6x2  x  7
35. Express in partial fractions. Hence, show that
(4  3x)(1  x) 2
1
6x 2  x  7
 (4  3x)(1  x) 2 dx  1  ln 2 ( 2017/18 )
0

36. Given the curve y 2  x and the line y  2 x  1 .

(a) Determine the points of intersection between the curve and the line.
(b) Sketch the curve and the line on the same axes. Shade the region R
bounded by the curve and the line. Label the points of intersection.
(c) Find the area of the region R.
(d) Calculate the volume of the solid generated when the region R is
rotated 2 radians about the y-axis. ( 2017/18 )

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Suggested Answers

1 1
1. (a) (b)   sin   C (c) 0.1580
6 sin 

2
2. 
3

1 1 4x
3.   , 3.24
x x 2 x 2 1

4. 13.590

1  5
5. (a) (b) 2  
2  e

6. a) 4.282 b) 8.03
1 x
7. 2x   , 4.151
x x 2 1

x2
8.  ln 2 x  1  ln x  4  C
2

9. a) 1.273 b) 4.514 

10.  
a) ln 1  e x  c b)
x2
2

 ln x 
1
2 
c

11.
ln 33
3

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12 .a) b) 4.5

13. 8
15

 2 x3  3x dx  5 ln x  2 ln 2 x 
8 x 2  15 5 2x 8 x 2  15 1 2
14.   3 C
3 x 2x 2  3
2 x  3x ,

15. (a)

-1 1 2

Area  4

(b) V  13  or 0.867
15

3
16. 2 + ln( )
2

17. A  2 , B  1 , C = 2, D = 0 , 0.561

1 3
18. Area = 2π unit2 , Volume = π unit3
2

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19. A  2 , B  1 ; 2 x  ln x 2  x  1  C

20. (a)
cos 7 x cos 5 x
7

5
C (b)
1 2
4

e 1  or 2.09726

11 102
21. (a) (b) 
3 5

22. 
1
6
 
cos 3 2  c

7 x 2  3x  2 3 2 4
23.   
x  1 x  2
2 x  1 ( x  1) 2 x2

24. (a) (b) 0.386 (c) 0.5916

1  cos 10 x cos 2 x 
25. (a)   C (b)
1
3 tan x  46  C
2  10 2  18

19
26. (b) 0.3145unit 2 (c)  unit 3
120

27. (a) A  1 , B  3 , C=2 (b) 3.361

28. DIY

2
29. ln 
3

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30. (a)

5
Area  unit 2
6
11
(b) 5 : 7 (c) unit 3
6

1
31.  ln 1  e 2 x  C
2
101 19 1
32. (a) x  2   
10(2 x  3) 2(2 x  3) 2 5( x  1)

x2 101 19 1
(b)  2x  ln 2 x  3   ln x  1  C
2 20 4(2 x  3) 5

3 
33. (a) 0,0 and  ,9 
2 
y
(b) y  6x
2
y  4x

x
0 3
2

9
(c) Area  unit 2
4
27
(d) V   unit 3
8

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3
34.
16

3 1 2
35.  
4  3x 1  x (1  x) 2

1 1
36. (a)  ,  and 1,1
4 2
(b)
y
y2  x

1 1
 , 
4 2 x

1,1 y  2 x  1

9
(c) unit 2
16
9
(d)  unit 3
20

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TOPIC 2: FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

dy
1. Determine the general solution of differential equation x  3 y  x 3 . Hence,
dx
find the particular solution of the equation if it has a stationary point
corresponding to x  1. ( 2003/04 )

2. Solve the following differential equation,

y0  1 ;
dy
 xe x  2 y ; ( 2004/05 )
dx

3. The motion of an object is governed by equation

dv
 g  kv
dt
where v is the velocity at time t, g is the gravity and k is a constant.
(a) Find the velocity v by assuming that the object start from rest.
(b) Deduce that after a long period of time, the object will move with a
g
constant velocity ( 2005/06 )
k

4. Consider a simple electric circuit with the resistance of 3 and inductance of

2H. If a battery gives a constant voltage of 24 V and the switch is closed when
t  0 , the current, I (t ) , after t seconds is given by
dI 3
 I  12 ; I (0)  0
dt 2
(a) Obtain I (t )
(b) Determine the difference in the amount of current flowing through the
circuit from fourth to eighth seconds. Give your answer correct to 3
decimal places.
(c) If current is allowed to flow through the circuit for a very long period of
time, estimate I (t ) ( 2006/07 )

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5. A parachutist jumps off an aeroplane on a regular training session. When his

parachute open, he travels vertically downward with a velocity v o. The

velocity of the parachutist at time t minutes is v and his acceleration is given

dv
by  g  v , where g is acceleration due to gravity and  is a constant.
dt
g g 
(a) Show that v     v0 e t
  
(b) Determine the difference in the velocities of the parachutist from the
fifth to the tenth minutes.
(c) Find the velocity of the parachutist after a very long period. ( 2007/08 )

6. A total of 30 rats are randomly captured from a plantation and kept to breed in
an experimental laboratory. After a month under observation, the number of
rats has increased by 10. The rate of increase per month of population is given
dp
by  kp(50  p) where p is the current population and k is a constant.
dt
(a) Solve the differential equation. Give your answer for p in terms of t.
(b) Compute the number of rats after a period of one year. ( 2008/09 )

dy 1
7. Solve the differential equation  with initial condition y(0) = 4 .
dx xy

Express y in terms of x . ( 2009/10 )

8. A model for the concentration of glucose solution in the bloodstream,

dC
C  C (t ) , is given by the differential equation  r  kC , where r is the
dt
constant rate at which glucose solution enters the bloodstream and k is a
positive constant. If C (0)  C0 , show that the concentration at any time t is

 r r
C (t )   C0  e  kt 
 k k
After a very long period of time, the concentration of glucose is found to be 1
2
unit. If C0 = 9 , what is the concentration of glucose at t  ? ( 2009/10 )
k

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9. Obtain the general solution for dy  2 y  4e 2 x . ( 2010/11 )

dx

10. Newton’s law of cooling states that hot liquid at temperature H cools at a rate
dH proportional to the difference between its temperature and temperature of
dt

the surrounding environment H 0 . Show that H  Ae kt  H 0 , where k is the

cooling rate constant and A is an integral constant. A hot tea at 76C is left in
a room of 22C .
(a) Find the Newton’s cooling equation.
(b) Using a container X, it is found that after 10 minutes in the room, the

temperature of tea has decreased by 10 C . Determine the temperature

of tea after 15 minutes in the room.
(c) Using a different container Y, whose k  0.10 , determine the time
taken for the tea to cool down to room temperature.
(d) In which of two container, X or Y, does the tea cools down to room
temperature faster? ( 2010/11 )

dy
11. Solve the differential equation e x  2e x y  1, given that y  2 when x  0 .
dx
( 2011/ 12 )

dN
12. A radioactive substance of mass N gram decays at the rate of  kN,
dt
where k is a constant. Initially the amount of the substance was 80 gram.
After 100 years it decayed to 20 gram.
(a) Express N in terms of the elapsed time t.
(b) Calculate the amount of the substance remains after 120 years.
( 2011/12 )

dy
13. Solve the differential equation x  y  x sin x, y    1. ( 2012/13 )
dx

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dy 4 x3
14. (a) Solve the differential equation  , given that y  2 when x  0.
dx 3 y 2

(b) Assume that P  t  represents the size of a population at any time t and the

increment in population size at time t can be modeled by the differential

dP  t 
equation  0.005P  t  with an initial condition P  0   1500.
dt
Determine the size of this population after 10 years. ( 2012/13 )

15. According to the Newton’s law of cooling, the rate change of temperature of
an object is proportional to the difference in temperature between the object
and the surrounding temperature, M. The law is given by the following
dT
differential equation  k (T  M ) where T(t) is the temperature of the
dt
object at time t and k is a constant.
(a) Express T in terms of time t.
(b) A bowl of soup is removed from an oven with temperature at 60 0 .
What is the temperature after 5 minutes if k = 0.04 assuming that the
temperature of that surrounding is 26.9 0 . ( 2013/ 14 )

16. The amount and Q(t ) of radioactive substance present at time and t in
reaction is given by the differential equation
dQ
 kQ
dt
where k is a positive constant. If the initial amount of the substance is 100mg
and is decreased to 97mg in 6 days, determine
(i) the half-life of the substance
(ii) the amount of radioactive substance present after 30 days
(b) Find the general solution to the differential equation
dy
(1  x)  y  1 x ( 2014/15 )
dx

 1  2 x 2  y where x  0 and y  1 when

dy
17. Find y in terms of x given that x
dx
x 1. ( 2015/16 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

dy
18. Find the general solution of the differential equation  y cot x  2sin x .
dx
( 2015/16 )

19. In a Chemistry experiment, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, reacts with

hydrochloric acid, HCL, to form sodium chloride salt, NaCl, and water. Before
the reaction starts, no NaCl salt is formed. At time t (minute), the mass of
NaCl salt formed x grams and the rate of change of x is given by

  50  x  , where  is a positive constant.

dx
dt
(a) Find the general solution for the above equation.
(b) Find the particular solution if 35 grams of NaCl salt has formed in the first
30 minutes.
(c) Hence, find
(i) The mass of NaCl salt formed in 60 minutes.
(ii) The time taken to form 40 grams of NaCl salt. ( 2016/17 )

dy
20. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation  y 2 xe  2 x . Give
dx
your answer in the form y  f (x) .
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy xy
  1  x 2 ,given that y  1 when x  0 . ( 2017/18 )
dx 1  x 2

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

Suggested Answers

 1
1. y  x 3  ln x  
 3

1   1 
2. y  ln 2 xe x  e x  e 2  1
2   2 

3. (a) V 
g
k

1  e  kt  (b) V 
g
k

  t 
3

4. (a) I (t )  81  e 2  (b) 0.0198 (c) 8
 
 

g




5. b) v10  v5    v0  e  5  e 10  c) v 
g


150e 0.981t
6. a) P  b) P  50
2  3e 0.981t

2
 1 3
 
7. y   3x 2  8 
 
 

8. C  2.083

9. y  4 xe 2 x  ce 2 x

10. (a) H  54ekt  22 (b) H  61.7 C

(c) t   (d) Y is faster than X

11. y  e  x  e 2 x

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

12. (a) N  80e 0.0139t (b) N  15.09

sin x
13. y   cos x 
x

14. (a) y  3
x4  8 (b) P 10   1577

15. (a) T  Ae kt  M (b) T= 540

16. (a) ( i) t  134.54 days (ii) Q  85.87mg

(b) y  (1  x) ln(1  x)  C(1  x)

4 7  2
17. x2  y2  y   0,  0, 
3 3  3

2
18. y  xe1 x


19. (a) x  50 1  e t  
(b) x  50 1  e  0.0401t 
(c) ( i) x  45.5 (ii) t  40.1

4
20. (a) y 
2x
2 xe  e2x  C

1  x3 
(b) y  x   1
1  x 2  3 

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

TOPIC 3 : NUMERICAL METHODS

1. Using the Newton-Raphson method and by taking x  0.6 , estimate the root

of the equation x 3  3x 2  1  0 correct to three decimal place. ( 2003/04 )

1
2. Use the trapezoidal rule to approximate  1  x 2 dx with 6 subintervals,
-1
giving your answer correct to three decimal place. ( 2004/05 )

4
 cos
4
3. Use the trapezoidal rule with four subintervals to approximate x dx .
0

Give your answer correct to three decimal places. ( 2005/06 )

1
dx
4. (a) Use the trapezoidal rule with n  4 to approximate  1  x . Using definite
0

1
dx
integration, find the value of  1  x . Compare two answers and give a reason
0

for the difference.

(b) Approximate 3 7 by using Newton-Raphson method and initial value 2, up

to second iteration.

5. By sketching the graph of y  x 3 and y  4 x  2 , show that the equation

x 3  4 x  2  0 has three real roots.

a) Show that one of the real roots of the equation lies between 1 and 2.
b) By using the Newton- Raphson method and initial value 2, determine the
real root that lies between 1 and 2, correct to two decimal places. ( 2007/08 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025
1
6. (a) Approximate x
0
1  x 2 dx by using Trapezoidal Rule and n = 4. Give your

answer correct to four decimal places.

1
1
( b) Using the substitution u  1  x 2 , show that x
0
1  x 2 dx 
3
.

Give a reason for the difference of the values obtained in a) and b). ( 2008/09 )

7. (a) Given g ( x)  ( x  1) x  2. By using the Newton-Raphson method starting

at x0  1.1, find the root of g (x ).

1

 xe
x2
(b) By using trapezoidal method, obtain the approximate value of dx
0

based on four subintervals, correct to four decimal places. ( 2009/10 )

3
ln x
8. By using the substitution u  ln x, evaluate  x
dx up to five decimal places.
2
3
ln x
If  x
dx is approximated using the trapezoidal method based on five equal
2

subintervals, compute the error. ( 2010/ 11 )

Show that the equation 5  3x 3  x has a root in the interval 1,2 . By using
1
9.

the Newton-Raphson method with the first approximation x1 =1, find an

approximate root of the equation correct to three decimal places. ( 2011/ 12 )

10. (a) Show that x 4  3x 2  1 has a solution on the interval (1,2)

(b) Use Newton Raphson’s method with x0 = 1 to estimate the solution for part
correct to four decimal places. ( 2012/ 13 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025
2

x
2
11. (a) Use trapezoidal rule with four subintervals to estimate e x dx , correct to
0

four decimal places.

(b) Given f ( x)  x 3  5x  3 . Show that f ( x)  0 can be written as
3
x  g ( x)   . With the initial value x1  0.5 , find the roots of f (x) by
x 5
2

using iteration method. Hence, calculate the root of f (x) accurate to three
decimal places. ( 2013/14 )

1
12. Use the trapezoidal rule to estimate  f ( x)dx from the data given below:
0

x 0.00 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.00

f (x) 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6
( 2014/ 15 )

13. Use the Newton-Raphson method with initial approximation x1  1 to find

6
2 on 0,2 correct to three decimal places. ( 2014/ 15)

14. (a) Given f1  x   2 x and f 2  x    ln x.

(i) Without using curve sketching, show that y  f1  x  and y  f 2  x 

intersect on the interval of 0.1,1 .

(ii) Use Newton-Raphson’s method to estimate the intersection point of

y  f1  x  and y  f 2  x  with the initial value x1  1 . Iterate until

f  xn   0.005 . Give your answer correct to three decimal places.

(b) By using the trapezoidal rule, find the approximate value for
1

x
0
x  1 dx when n  4 , correct to four decimal places. ( 2015/16 )

15. (a) Show that the equation  4 x 2  5x  7  0 has a root on the interval  2,0 .
Use the Newton-Raphson method to find the root of the equation correct to
four decimal places.

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

0
(b) Estimate the value of  x cos x dx using trapezoidal rule with subinterval



. Give your answer correct to four decimal places. ( 2016/17 )
4

16. Show that the equation ln x  x  4  0 has a root between 1 and 3. From the
Newton-Raphson formula, show that iterative equation of the root is
x 5  ln xn 
xn 1  n . Hence, if the initial value is x1  2 , calculate the root
1  xn
correct to three decimal places. ( 2017/18 )

Suggested Answers

1. x  0.653

2. x  1.459

3. x  0.541

4. (a) 0.697 , 0.693 Reason : value are different , trapezoidal rule only find the
approximate value, define integral find the exact value.
(b) x  1.9167

5. 1.68

6. (a) 0.2928
(b) Using the trapezoidal rule, we’ll get only the approximate value.
Definite integral, we’ll get the exact value

7. (a) 1.00 (b) 0.8959

8. Integration: 0.36325 Trapezoidal: 0.36296

The error = 0.36296  0.36325 = 0.00029

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

9. 1.154

10. x = 0.6181

11. a) 13.9962 b) 0.657

12. 2.925

13. 1.123

14. (a)(ii) 0.426,0.853 (b) 0.6478

15. (a)  0.8381 (b) 2.1061

16. 2.926

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

TOPIC 4: CONICS

1. A straight line x  2 y  0 intersects a circle x 2  y 2  8x  6 y  15  0 at the

points P and Q. Find the coordinate of P and Q. Hence, find the equation of
the circle passing through P, Q and the point 1, 1 . ( 2003/04 )

2. (a) Find the foci of 9 x 2  4 y 2  36 and sketch its graph.

(b) By using the implicit differentiation, find the gradient of the tangent to the

curve 9 x 2  4 y 2  36 . Hence, find the coordinates on the curve with

9
gradient ( 2004/05 )
2

3. Find an equation of the circle passing through the origin and its center is the

focus of the parabola x 2  8 y  16 ( 2005/06 )

4. Let L be a line passing through the centre of the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  7

and perpendicular to the line 3x  4 y  7 . Find
(a) the coordinates of the point of intersections of L and the circle.
(b) the equations of the tangents to the circle parallel to 3x  4 y  7
( 2006/07 )

5. Find the values of p, q and r which make the ellipse

4 x 2  y 2  px  qy  r  0
Touches the x-axis at the origin and passes through the point (1,2) .Express the
equation obtained in the standard form and hence find its foci. ( 2007/08 )

6. The end point of the diameter of a circle are A(2,0) and B(10,4).
(a) Determine the equation of the circle
( b) The equation of the tangent line to the circle at the point B. ( 2008/09 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

7. An ellipse with centre at the origin passes through the points (2,0) and
 3 
1, 3  . Find the equation and the foci of the ellipse ( 2009//10 )
 2 

8. Given the circles

C1 : x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0

C2 : x 2  y 2  1
Find

(a) the center and the radius of the circle C1 .

(b) the equations of the tangent from the point ( 0,3) to the circle C 2 .

(c) the equation of the circle that passes through the point (-5,0) and the

points of intersection of the circles C1 and C 2 . ( 2009/10 )

9. Find an equation of the circle that passes through the points 1,4 , 2,2 and

 1,3 . Hence, find the radius of the circle. ( 2010/11 )

10. A circle C passes through the origin and has its centre at point 3,3 .
(a) Obtain the equation of the circle C.
(b) If the line y  x  6 meets the circle C at points P and Q, determine the
coordinate of P and Q.
(c) Find the coordinates of the points on the circle C where the tangents
are parallel to the line PQ. ( 2010/ 11)

11. Show that 4 x 2  16 x  y 2  2 y  8  0 is an equation of an ellipse with vertical

major axis. Hence, find its centre and foci. ( 2011/12 )

12. A line segment joining  1,0 and 3,4 is a diameter of a circle.

(a) Find an equation of the circle.
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point 3,4
(c) Find the points of intersection of the circle with its chord of which the
midpoint is the origin. ( 2011/12 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

13. Find the center and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 . Obtain the equation of
The tangent to the circle at the point (0,2) ( 2012/13 )

14. An equation x 2  4 x  4 y  8  0 represents a parabola

(a) Determine the vertex, focus and directrix of the parabola.
(b) Show that the tangent lines to the parabola at the points A(2,5) and
5
B(3, ) intersect at the right angle. ( 2012/13 )
4

15. Two circles of radius 5 units pass through the origin with their centres lie on
the line x  y 1 . Show that the equations of the circles are

x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  0 and x 2  y 2  8x  6 y  0 ( 2013/14 )

16. Given 9 x 2  72 x  16 y 2  32 y  16 is the equation of an ellipse.

(a) Write the equation in standard form.
(b) Find the foci, vertices, lengths of the major and minor axes.
(c) Sketch the graph. ( 2013/14 )

17. Given a parabola with vertex (-2,1), opening to the right and passes through
the point (3,6). Find the equation of the parabola and determine its focus.
( 2014/15 )

18. Find the equation of a circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 which passes through

the points A(0,1), B(3,2) and C(-1,-4) . Hence, determine its center and radius.
Find the points of intersection of the circle with the y axis. ( 2014/15 )

19. (a) Find the equation in standard form of an ellipse which passes through
the point  1, 6  and having foci at  5, 2  and  3, 2  .

(b) From the result obtained in part (a), sketch the graph of the ellipse.
( 2015/16 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

20. Find the vertex, focus and directrix for parabola y 2  64  8 y  16 x. Hence,
sketch and label the vertex, focus and directrix for the curve. ( 2016/17 )

21. The end points of the diameter of a circle are P(0,1) and Q(3,3) .
(a) Determine an equation of the circle.
(b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the circle at the point P(0,1) .
( 2016/17 )

22. Determine the vertices and foci of the ellipse

25x 2  4 y 2  250 x  16 y  541  0 . Sketch the ellipse and label the foci,
center and vertices. ( 2017/18 )

23. Show that the line 2 y  5x  4  0 does not intersect the circle

x 2  y 2  3x  2 y  2  0 . Find the center and radius of the circle. Hence,

determine the shortest distance between the line and the circle. ( 2017/18 )

Suggested Answers

1. x 2  y 2  23x  36 y  15  0

2.  
(a) 0, 5 and 0, 5 
y


F 0, 5 
0,0 x


F 0, 5 
dy 9x  6 3   6 3 
(b)  ,   ,  and  , 
dx 4y  10 10   10 10 

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

3. x2  y2  8y  0

 4 7  14 17  3 11
4. (a)   ,  and  ,  (b) y   x 
 5 5 5 5 4 2

5. p  0 , q  4 , x 2 
( y  2) 2
4
  
 1 , F1 0,2  3 , F2 0,2  3 

6. (a) ( x  6) 2  ( y  2) 2  20 or x 2  y 2  12 x  4 y  20  0
(b) 2 x  y  24  0

7.
x2 y2
4

9

 1 , F1 0, 5 , F2 0, 5   

8. ( a) Center C = 1,1 Radius r  1

(b) y  8 x  3 or y   8x  3

(c) x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  5  0

1 5 5
9. x 2  y 2  x  5 y  4  0 ; center  ,  ; radius=
2 2 2

10. (a) x2  y 2  6x  6 y  0
(b) P0,6 and Q6,0

(c) 0,0 and 6,6

x  22   y  12    
 1 , center 2,1 Foci  2 ,1  5 3  ,  2 ,1  5 3 
11.
25 25  2   2 
   
4

12. (a) x2  y2  2x  4 y  3  0 (b) y 7x

 3 3  3 3
(c)  2 ,  and   2 , 
 5 
5  5 5 
 

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

13. Center (1, 0) , r  5 . Equation of tangent 2 y  x  4  0

14. (a) V 2,1, F (2,2) , directrix y  0

15 . DIY

16. (a)
 x  4 2 
( y  1) 2
1
16 9
(b) Foci : F1 (4  7 ,1) and F2 (4  7 ,1) , length of major = 8 , length

of minor = 6 , Vertices : 0,1 and 8,1 .

(c)

 3 
17.  y 12  5( x  2) ; F   ,1
 4 

1 5  13 
; 0,1,  0, 
65
18. 3x 2  3 y 2  2 x  10 y  13  0 ; C  ,  ; r 
3 3 3  3

x  12   y  22 1
19. (a)
32 16

(b)
y

F (5, 2) C (1, 2) F (3, 2)

x

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

20. V   3,4 , F   7,4 , directrix x  1

F  7,4 V  3,4

x 1

2
 3
21. (a)  x     y  12 
25 3
(b) y  x 1
 2 4 4

 
22. V  5,7 and V  5,3 ; F  5,2  21 and 5,2  21  
y V 5,7 


F 5,2  21 

C 5,2


F 5,2  21 
V 5,3

5  3 
23. r  , center   ,1 shortest distance = 1.39
2  2 

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

TOPIC 5 : VECTORS

1. Given two vector a  2 i  j  q k and b  q i  2 j  2q k .

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(a) Determine the value of q such that a and b has the same magnitude.
1 1 
(b) If q  4 , find the angle between the vector b and  a b  .
~ 2 ~ 2 ~
(c) (i) Find the value of q if a  b  8 i  4 j  2 k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(ii) Determine the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through

point (1,0,2) and perpendicular to a and b . ( 2003/04 )
~ ~

2. A(6,3,3), B(3,5,1) and C(-1,3,5) are the point in a three-dimensional space.

Find
 
(a) the vector BA and BC in terms of unit vector i , j and k . Hence ,
~ ~ ~

 
show that BA is perpendicular to BC ,
(b) a unit vector that is perpendicular to plane containing the point A, B
and C.
(c) a Cartesian equation of the plane described in (b). ( 2004/05 )

3. If u, v and w are three nonzero vectors such that u  v  w  0 show that

2 2 2
w u v
uv  ( 2005/06 )
2

4. The position vector of point P, Q and R are given respectively as

p  4 i  3 j  11 k , q  2 i  8 k , r  i  2 j
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(a) Show that PQR is a right angle triangle and calculate its area.
(b) Find an equation of the plane containing P, Q and R
(c) Find parametric equation of the straight line passing through the point
3,5,2 and perpendicular to the plane containing P, Q and R ( 2005/06 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

5. The vector a, b and c are such that b  c  3 i and c  a  2 i  k , where i, j

~ ~ ~

and k are unit vector. Express a  b  a  b  4c  in terms of i, j and k.

( 2006/07 )

6. The point A(2, 1, 2 ) , B(5,7,3) and C (3,3,1) lie on the plane 1 . The
equation of second plane  2 , is given as 2 x  y  2 z  5 .
 
(a) Find the vector AB and AC
(b) Determine the Cartesian equation of 1 .
(c) find the acute angle between 1 and  2 , giving your answer in degrees.
( 2006/07 )

7. The position vectors p, q, r and s are given such that s  p  q  r   0 and

s  q  r  p  0
(a) Show that s  r   p  q  0 .
(b) If p  4i  5j, q  3i  2 j, r  4i  j and s  xi  yj , find the values of x
and y. ( 2007/08 )

8. Given that u  3i  3j  ak and v  bi  2k . If u  v  6i  2 j  12k ,

determine the values of a and b.
Hence, determine
(a) the direction angles of u .
(b) the area of parallelogram with sides u and v .
(c) the angle between u and v . ( 2007/08 )

2
9. If u  v  5 and u  v  1 , find u  v by using the property a  a  a .

( 2008/09 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

10. Let P (1, 3, 2) , Q (3,  1, 6) and R (5, 2, 0) be points in three dimensional

space.
Determine :
a) the direction cosines for the vector PQ.
b) whether PQ and PR are perpendicular vectors.
c) an equation of the plane containing P, Q, and R.
d) the parametric equations of the line passing through the point
B (0, 1, 2) and perpendicular to the plane in part (c). ( 2008/09 )

11. Given u  2i  2 j  k . Find the vectors which have magnitude 6 and parallel

to u . ( 2009/10 )

12. The points A (1, 3, 2) , B (3,  1, 6) and C (5, 2, 0) lie on the plane  . A line L
Passes through the points P (1, 2, 2) and Q (0, 1, 4) . Find

a) AB  AC and hence, obtain an equation of the plane  in Cartesian form

b) the parametric equations of the line L.the point of intersection of L and  .
( 2009/ 10 )

13. Given three vectors a  2i  j  4k , b  j  3k and c  5i  6 j  2k . Find

the value of  such that
(a) a is perpendicular to b.
(b) ab  c . ( 2010/11 )

14. Given the points A 1, 3,1 , B  4, 1, 2 , C 12, 0,1 and D  0, 2, 0  . Find
(a) A vector equation of the line AB.
(b) An equation of plane ABC in the Cartesian form.
(c) The acute angle between the plane ABC and plane ABD.
( 2010/ 11 )

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

15. Given the point P  4, 2, 3 , the straight line L : x  2  y  z  1 and the
4 3 5
plane  : 2 x  y  2 z  9 . Find

(a) an acute angle between the straight line L and the plane Π.
(b) an intersection point between the straight line L and the plane Π.
(c) a Cartesian equation of the plane containing the point P and the
straight line L. ( 2011/12 )

 
16. P, Q and R are three points in space where PQ  a and PR  b . Given
 

a  2 i  2 j  k and b  i  2 j  2 k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(a) Find the area of triangle PQR.

(b) Find the parametric equations of the line L passing through the point
R  2, 0, 3 and parallel to vector a .

   
(c) If u   b a  a b  and v   a b  b a  , evaluate u  v . Hence,
~  ~ ~ ~ ~  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

interpret the geometrical relationship between u ( 2011/12 )

~

17. The plane 1 contains a line L with vector equation r  t j and a point

P3,1,2 .

(a) Find a Cartesian equation of 1 .

(b) Given a second plane  2 with equation x  2 y  3z  4 , calculate the

angle between 1 and  2 .

(c) Find a vector equation for the line of intersection of 1 and  2

( 2012/13 )

18. Given nonzero vectors p and q are perpendicular. Prove that

2 2 2
(a) pq  p  q .

(b) pq  pq . ( 2013/14 )

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19. Given the points A(1,2,-2) , B(2,4,6) and C(-4,3,-1). Find the area of the
triangle ABC. ( 2013/14 )

20. Given two planes  1 : x  2 y  z  1 ,  2 : 2 x  y  4 z  1 and the straight line

x  2 y  3 z 1
L:   .
2 4 5
(a) Find an acute angle between the planes  1 and  2 .
(b) Write the equation of L in parametric form. Hence, find the
intersection point between the straight line L and the plane  2
(c) Find a Cartesian equation of the plane which is orthogonal to the
straight line L and passes through the point (1,2,-3). ( 2013/14 )

21. Given two straight lines,

x 1 y  2 z x2 y z4
L1 : t    and L2 : t   
3 8 3 10 10 7
(a) Show that L1 and L2 are not parallel and find the acute angle between
the two straight lines.
(b) Determine intersection point between L1 and plane
 : 2 x  y  5z  25  0
(c) Find an equation of the plane containing L1 and L2 . ( 2014/15 )

22. Given P, Q and R are three points in a space where

PQ  a  3i  j  k , PR  b  2i  j  3k

and the coordinates of R is (3, 0, 1)

(a) Hence, show that
(i) a and b are not perpendicular

a  b  a b  a  b
2 2 2 2
(ii)

(b) Find the area of triangle PQR

(c) Find the Cartesian equation for the
(i) plane that passes through the points P, Q and R
(ii) line that passes through the point R and perpendicular to the
plane in part (i). ( 2014/15 )

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23. (a) If p  3i  j  2k and q  2i  2 j  k , show that

 
2 2 2 2
pq  p q  p q .

(b) Given a triangle ABC with AB  2a and AC  3b . Use the result in

part (a), show that the area of the triangle is 3 a b   a b  . Hence,

2 2 2

deduce the area of the triangle if a  p and b  q . ( 2015/16 )

24. Given a line l : x  2  t , y  3  4t , z  5  3t and two planes

1 : 2 x  y  7 z  53 and  2 : 3x  y  z  1 . Find
(a) the point of intersection between the line l and the plane  1 .

(b) the acute angle between the line l and the plane  1 .

(c) the acute angle between planes  1 and  2 . ( 2015/16 )

25. Given four points A   2,8,4 , B  2,,1 , C  0,9,0 and

    
D   4,3,7 . Determine the value of  if AB  AC  AD   64 . ( 2016/17 )
 

26. Find the angle between the line  : x, y, z  1, 3,  1  t 2, 1, 0 and the plane

 : 3x  2 y  z  5 . ( 2016/17 )

27. Given vectors p  3 i  6 j   k and q   i  4 j  5 k where  and  are

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

constants.
(a) Find the values of  and  if p and q are parallel.
~ ~

(b) Given   1, find  if p and q are perpendicular. ( 2017/18 )

~ ~

28. Given three point P 3,2,1 , Q 2,4,5 and R1,2,4 . Calculate the area of
triangle PQR. ( 2017/18 )

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x 1 y  3 z  2
29. Given the line L :   and the plane 1 : 2 x  y  2 z  17 and
2 1 3
 2 : 4 x  3 y  5z  10 .
(a) The intersection point between L and  1 .
(b) The acute angle between  1 and  2 .
(c) The parametric equations of the line that passes through the point
2,1,3 and perpendicular to the plane  2 . ( 2017/18 )

Suggested Answers

1
1. (a) q   (b) 102.6
2
(c) (i) q  2 (ii) 4 x  2 y  z  6

 
2. (a) BA  3 i  2 j  2 k , BC  4 i  2 j  4 k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1   1  
(b)  4 i  20 j  14 k  or 4 i  20 j  14 k 
612  ~ ~ ~ 612  ~ ~ ~

(c) 2 x  10 y  7 z  63

3. DIY

4. (a) Area = 32.24 (b) 10 x  19 y  z  28

(c) x  3  30t , y  5  57t , z  2  3t

5. 12 i  8 j  4 k
~ ~ ~

 
6. (a) AB  7 i  8 j  5 k , AC  5 i  2 j  k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(b) x  y  3z  3 (c) 72.5

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7. (a) DIY (b) x  5, y  2

8. a  1 ; b  4
(a)   0.81 rad ,   0.81 rad   1.8 rad

(b) 13.56 unit2 (c)   2.37 rad or 135.9

9. 6

1 2 2
10. a) ,  , (b) not perpendicular
3 3 3
(c) 6x + 10y + 7z = 50 (d) x  12t , y  1  20t , z  2  14t

11. 4i – 4j + 2k or – 4i + 4j – 2k

12. (a) 12i + 20j + 14k , 6x + 10y + 7z = 50

(b) x  1  t , y  2t , z  2  2t
(c) ( 6, 7, – 8)

13. (a)   12 (b)   3

14. (a) r  i  3 j  k  t  3i  4 j  k  (b) 3x  11y  35z  71

(c) 50.22

15. (a)  (b)  2, 3, 4  (c) 2 x  y  z  3  0

45 
4

65
16. (a)  4.03 unit 2 (b) x  2  2t , y  2t , z  3  t
2
(c) 0 ; u and v are parallel
~ ~

17. (a)  2 x  3z  0 (b) 58.74

(c) r  2 j  t (6i  9 j  4k )

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18. DIY

19. 21.4360

20. (a)   69.10

3
(b) x  2  2t , y  3  4t , z  1  5t ,(1,-5,  )
2
(c) 2 x  4 y  5z  5

21. (a)   1.05rad / 60.21

(b)  2,6,3
(c) 26 x  51y  110 z  76  0

22. (b) 6.12

x  3 y z 1
(c) i. 2 x  11y  5z  11 ii.  
2 11 5

23. (b) 3 122

24. (a) 5,15,4 (b) 46.1 (c) 60.5

25. w  10

26. 28.6

15 29
27. (a)   , 2 (b)   
2 3

28. 20.4 unit 2

29. (a) 5, 1,  4 (b) 45 (c) x  2  4t ; y  1 3t ; z  3  5t

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TOPIC 6: DATA DESCRIPTION

1. The number of accidents recorded yearly in a certain district for eight

consecutive years are 96, 82, 80, x, 94, 82, 96, and (x + 6). If the sample mean
is 88, find the value of x and the sample median. ( 2003/04 )

2. The frequency distribution table for ages (in years) of a sample of 50

participants in a motivation program is as follows :

Age Class Limit Number of Participants

7–9 4
10 – 12 10
13 – 15 12
16 – 18 18
19 – 21 6

Find the mean, median, mode and standard deviation of the above sample.
(2003/04 )

3. (a) The following data set represents the number of candies that was obtained
by 8 children in a game.
3 0 2 1 2 0 2 3
Determine the median.
10
209
(b) The sample variance of a set of data with  10 is . If  xi 2 is 65,
90 i 1

find the sample mean. ( 2004/05 )

4. The following table shows the distribution for the weight of 50 parcels in a post
office.
Weights (kg) Number of Parcels
0.5-5.5 4
5.5-10.5 6
10.5-15.5 12
15.5-20.5 16
20.5-25.5 10
25.5-30.5 2
Calculate the mean and the first quartile of the above sample. ( 2004/05 )

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5. The cumulative distribution for the ages of 50 patients at a clinic on a

particular day is shown in the table below.
Age ( Years) Number of Patients
<2 0
<12 5
<22 12
<32 29
<42 38
<52 45
<62 50
Calculate the
(a) median
(b) mode ( 2005/06 )

6. Consider a sample consisting of the following observations :

24 12 22 12 20 32 4 10
(a) Calculate the mean, median and mode.
(b) A new sample is formed using the above observation with three values in
part (a) included. For this new sample, calculate the
(i) first quartile
(ii) standard deviation ( 2005/06 )

7. The mean sample

w, w, 7, 9, 11, 12, 3w, 18
is 10.25 with w constant.
(a) Find w
(b) Calculate the coefficient of variation and interpret your answer ( 2006/07 )

8. The following table show that the distribution for the number of medical
leaves ( in days) taken within a certain period by 65 employees of a company.
Number of Medical Leaves (days) Number of Employees
1-3 4
4-6 6
7-9 8
10-12 12
13-15 18
16-18 11
19-21 6

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Calculate
(a) the mean, mode and median. Hence describe the distribution of the data.
(b) the variance. ( 2006/07 )

9. Given a sample of heights ( in cm) of seedlings in an experiment as follows:

76.0, 68.1, 73.4, 80.2, 75.4, 78.3
a) Find the mean and standard deviation of the above data
b) If it was later discovered that the measuring scales were reading cm
below the correct height, state the changes ( if any) on the mean and the
variance ( 2007/08 )

10. The consultation times ( in minutes) for 100 patients at a private clinic is given
in the table below.

Time interval (minutes), Frequency,

0–9 9
10 – 19 34
20 – 29 20
30 – 39 18
40 – 49 9
50 – 59 7
60 – 69 3

Given that  xf  2620 and x 2

f  91858

a) Find
i. The mode and median
ii. The mean, standard deviation and Pearson skewness coefficient
b) Hence, state the reason, which of the above measures of central tendency
better describes the distribution of the data. ( 2007/08 )

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11. The following table shows the frequencies of daily income of 42 fruit sellers

Income, x (RM) Number of fruit sellers

100  x  120 4
120  x  140 8
140  x  160 14
160  x  180 12
180  x  200 4

a) Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the daily income
b) What is the daily income earned by the most fruit sellers?
c) State the skewness of the daily income distribution using the Pearson’s
coefficient of skewness.
d) If the average income of fishmongers per day is RM180 with standard
deviation of RM20, determine whose income is more stable between the
fishmongers and fruits sellers? ( 2008/09 )

12. The relative frequency distribution of the marks for a Statistics test obtained
by a group of 100 students in the last semester is shown in the following table.

Marks Relative frequency

0  19 0.05
20  39 0.15
40  59 0.38
60  79 0.32
80  99 0.10

Determine the mean and median for the distribution. ( 2008/09 )

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13. The waiting time for 50 customers to have their food served at a restaurant on
a particular day is shown in the following table

Time (minutes) Number of Customers

1–5 4
6 – 10 9
11 – 15 15
16 – 20 11
21 – 25 6
26 – 30 3
31 – 35 2

Calculate the mean, median and mode of the waiting time

14. The summary statistics of the length (in cm) of a sample of 50 adult insects of
a certain species is as follows

 x  45 ,  x 2  81
Calculate the mean and variance. ( 2010/11 )

15. The time (in minute) used by 120 students surfing the internet to perform a
certain project is given in the following relative cumulative frequency table.
Time (x), in minutes Relative cumulative frequency
x0 0
x  20 3
40
x  40 19
60
x  60 2
3
x  80 53
60
x  100 1
Find
(a) The median and mean.
(b) Pearson’s skewness coefficient and comment on the value obtained.
( 2010/11 )

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16. The frequency distribution of the age (in years) of 80 patients in a clinic is
given in the table below

Age 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

Number of
5 15 24 18 10 8
Patients
Find the mean and mode. Hence, calculate and interpret Pearson’s coefficient of
the skewness given that the standard deviation is 6.798 years. ( 2011/12 )

17. The following is the stem-and-leaf diagram for a sample of heights (in cm) of
a type of herbal plant. All observations are integers.
13 06
14 588
15 0258
16 0688
17 15
19 2
23 0
(a) Calculate the mean.
(b) Find the values of the median, first and third quartiles.
(c) Construct the box-and-whiskers plot and comment on the data distribution.
( 2011/12 )

18. The mean and median of the ordered sample data 1, 2, 4, 7, x, y, 11, 12, 15, 2y
are 8.7 and 8.5 respectively. Determine the values of x and y. Hence, find the
variance. ( 2012/13 )

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19. The following table gives the cumulative frequency distribution for the
weights (kg) of fifty hampers during a festival at a supermarket.

Weight ( kg ) Cumulative frequency

< 2.5 0
< 5.5 5
< 8.5 15
< 11.5 28
< 14.5 40
< 17.5 50
(a) Find the mean, median and standard deviation.
(b) Hence, calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and interpret your
answer.
(c) State with reason whether mean or median is a better measure of location.
( 2012/13 )

19. The weights(in kg) to the nearest integer of ten lecturers in a college are given
as follows:
51, 74, 59, 59, w, 51, 60, 70, w + 8, 56
where w is an integer. If the mean weight is 65 kg, determine the value of w.
Hence, find the mode and the 80th percentile. ( 2013/14 )

20. The following table shows the frequency distribution of the number of children at
a childcare center according to their ages (in years).
Age Frequency
1.0 - 2.0 12
2.0 – 3.0 8
3.0 – 4.0 2
4.0 – 5.0 4
5.0 – 6.0 10

(a) Calculate the mean, mode and median. Hence, state the shape of the
distribution of the data and give your reason.

(b) Calculate and interpret the value of third quartile. ( 2013/14 )

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21. The following table shows the frequency distribution of the total time (hours)
spent by 60 students in a week for revision:

Total time (hours) Number of students

0 to less than 5 7
5 to less than 10 12
10 to less than 15 15
15 to less than 20 13
20 to less than 25 8
25 to less than 30 5

Find the mean, mode and standard deviation. ( 2014/15 )

22. The following data are collected from a number of patients X in a clinic and is
represented by the stem-and-leaf diagram as below:
2 8 8 9
3 1 2 3 6 6
4 0 1 5 7 9
5 2 3 3 6 6 6 8
6 0 2 3 5
7 2 4
8 0
Based on the given diagram,
(a) find the mode, median, first and third quartiles.
(b) find the mean and standard deviation gives that  x  1335 and

x 2
 71783.

(c) calculate Pearson’s coefficient of skewness of the data distribution. ( 2014/15 )

23. Weights (kg) of a random sample of 90 female students and 105 male students is
summarised as  x  50  234 and   y  63  367.5 respectively.

Calculate the mean weight of all the students. ( 2015/16 )

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24. The time taken for 70 students to walk from the hostel to class in a certain college
are shown in the following table.
Time (minute) Number of student
2-4 5
5-7 9
8 - 10 19
11 - 13 21
14 - 16 12
17 - 19 4
(a) Find the mean and mode.
(b) Determine the 40th percentile.
(c) Find the standard deviation.
(d) Calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness. Interpret your answer .
( 2015/16 )

25. The mean survival times(weeks), x , of a sample of 20 animals in a clinical

trial is 28 with summary statistics  x 2  18000

(a) Find the standard deviation correct to three decimal places.
(b) It is known that the median is 26, computer Pearson’s Coefficient of
Skewness. Comment on your answer. ( 2016/ 17 )

26. The following list is the number of car thefts during the year 2013 in 11
particular cities.
110 340 210 300 660 115 135 400 180 145 265
(a) Find the median.
(b) Draw a box-and whisker plot to represent the data. Hence, state the
shape of the distribution of the date and give your reason ( 2016/17 )

27. A sample of positive integers is arranged in ascending order as follows :

3x  2 , 40, 4x , 2y , 59, 3y  9
If the mean and median of the sample are 49 and 47 respectively, determine
the values of x and y. Hence, rewrite the sample in ascending order.
( 2017/18 )

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28. The frequency distribution for 80 employees at a supermarket according to

their daily wage class is as shown below:
Class Boundary of Daily Wage(RM) Frequency
15  20 4
20  25 12
25  30 20
30  35 32
35  40 8
40  45 4

(a) Find the median and standard deviation of the sample.

(b) Calculate and interpret the Pearson’s Coefficient of skewness for the
data.
(c) Determine the daily wage k where 80% of the worker earn at most k
ringgit per day. ( 2017/18 )

Suggested Answers
1. x  84 , median = 87

2. Mean = 14.72 , median = 15.25 , mode = 16.5 , standard deviation 3.46

3. (a) median = 2 (b) mean = 2.1

4. Mean = 15.8 , Q1  11.54

5. (a) 29.65  30 (b) 27.56  28

6. (a) Mean = 17 , median = 16 , mode = 12

(b) (i) Q1  12 (ii) 7.74

7. (a) w  5 (b) 45.69% , data is inconsistent

8. (a) mean = 12.2 , mode= 13.88 , median= 12.92 .

mean  median  mode , data is skewed to left,
(b) 24.41

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9. (a) mean = 75.23, s = 4.22

(b) 75.23 + a, variance remains the same

10. (a) i. mode = 15.91, median = 23.0

ii. mean = 26.2, standard deviation = 15.31,

skewness = 0.627 or 0.672

(b) For a skewed data, the mean is being dragged in the direction of the skew

(no more equal to the mode and median). So, it loses ability to provide the

best central tendency. Therefore, median is the best indicator of central

tendency, since it is not strongly influenced by the skewed values.

11. (a) mean = RM151.90, s = RM22.44

(b) RM155
(c) Sk = –0.138, the distribution is skewed to the left
(d) income of fishmongers are more stable because their CV is smaller
than the CV of the fruitsellers.

12. mean = 54.9, median = 55.29

765
13. Mean =  15.3 , median = 14.5, mode = 13.5
50

13. Mean= 0.9 , variance =0.8265

14. (a) median = 50.476 , mean = 51.167

(b) Sk  0.093 , the data distribution is slightly/ small negative skewed or

approximately symmetric

15. Mean = 24.8125, Mode = 23, Sk = 0.267 (approximately symmetric)

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16. (a) Mean = 161.88

(b) Q1 = 148, Q2 = 158, Q3 = 169.5
(c) 115.75 201.75

*
130 148 158 169.5 192

110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240

17. x = 8, y = 9, Variance = 30.23

18. (a) mean = 10.72, median = 10.808, standard deviation = 3.812

(b) Pearson coefficient of skewness = -0.071 @ -0.072
Slightly/ small negative skewed or approximately symmetric
(c) i) mean or median because skewness is small
ii) either or both because almost symmetry
iii) median because mean approximate median

19. w = 81, mode = 51 and 59, P80 = 77.5

20. (a). mean = 3.278, mode = 1.75, median = 2.75, Positively skewed
(b). P75 = 5.1, 75% of the children are at most 5.1 years old.

21. mean=14, mode=13, standard deviation=7.266

22. (a) mode=56, median=52, Q1  36, Q3  60

(b) mean=49.44,standard dev=14.90

(c) -0.44 or -0.5154

23. Mean weight = 57.68

372 243
24. (a) ; (b) 9.71 (c) 3.85 (d) -0.109 (negatively skewed)
35 22

25. (a) 11.050 (b) 0.543 , positively skewed.

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26. (a) 210

(b)

LF UF
Q1 Q2 Q3

110 130 210 340 4 660

0
Positively skewed . 0

27. x  11 , y  25 , 35, , 44, 50, 59, 66

28. (a) Median = 30.6 Standard deviation = 5.85

(b) S k  0.308 , distribution is negatively skewed.

(c) 34.4

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TOPIC 7: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

1. Fifteen glasses of similar colour and size, are labeled each with a number from
1 to 15. In how many ways can
(a) 8 glasses be selected such that 5 are labeled with odd numbers and the rest
with even numbers?
(b) 5 glasses be arranged in a row such that the first 3 glasses are labeled with
odd numbers and the other two with even numbers? ( 2003/04 )

2. A gymnastic team consists of 5 men and 7 women.

(a) In how many ways can the team be lined up if all the men have to be
together?
(b) Find the number of ways a team of 5 members can be formed if the team
consists of
(i) 3 men and 2 women.
(ii) At least 3 men. ( 2004/05 )

3. (a) How many words consisting of three alphabets can be formed from the
word TSUNAMI if
(i) none of the alphabets can be repeated?
(ii) every alphabets can only be used once in each word and no word starts
with M ?
(b) How many ways can two alphabets be chosen from the word TSUN and
one alphabet from the word AMI ? ( 2004/05 )

4. How many ways can all the alphabets from the word PUTRAJAYA be
arranged if
(a) the first letter is P and the last letter is A?
(b) all the letters A must be next to each other?
(c) they begin with a consonant and end with a vowel? ( 2005/06 )

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5. In a cooking competition, 6 out of 10 contestants are females. In how many

ways can one choose
(a) the champion, first and second runner-up?
(b) four winner consisting of at least two females?
(c) winners for first, second and third place consisting of two females and a
male? ( 2005/06 )

6. A total of 13 candidates comprising 5 mathematicians and 8 physicists will be

selected to form a committee. In how many ways can
(a) a committee of 5 members can be formed if it consists of at least 3
mathematicians ?
(b) All candidates be placed in a row such that they always sit in a group of
same expertise?
(c) Any 3 member may be selected from the candidates for the positions of
president, secretary and treasurer?
(d) a committee of 5 members with a mathematician as president and a
physicist as secretary can be formed? ( 2006/07 )

7. (a) There are 10 men, 15 women and 12 children participating in a family day
event.
i. In how many ways can a group of 7 men, 13 women and 10 children be
formed if a particular lady and a particular child must be in that group?
ii. Thirty participants are required in an event. In how many ways can
this group be formed if each group must consist of at least 8 men?

(b) A five-digit number may be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

with no repetition. How many
i. five-digit numbers having values between 10000 and 50000 can be
formed?
ii. five-digit even numbers having values more than 60000 can be
formed? ( 2007/08 )

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8. (a) In how many ways can 6 women and 3 men be arranged in a row if
i. the row begins with a man and ends with a woman?
ii. the men must be separated from each other?
(b) In how many ways can a four-member committee be formed from 6
women and 3 men if the committee has equal number of both sexes?
( 2008/09 )

9. The selection committee of a competition will determine the winners for the
first to the fifth place. If twelve females and eight males participate in the
competition, in how many ways can one select
(a) three females for the first to the third place winners, and two males for the
fourth and fifth place winners?
(b) five winners which consist of three females and two males?
(c) at least four females win in the competition? ( 2008/09 )

10. (a) How many one-, two-, three-, and four-digit numbers can be formed by
using the digits 4, 5, 6, and 7, when each digit can be used only once?
(b) How many of the numbers formed in part (a) are odd and greater than
600? ( 2009/10 )

11. Three boxes A, B and C has identical green and red dice as shown in the
following table
Box A B C
Colour
Green 4 5 3

Red 5 6 4

(a) If all dice in box A are arranged in a row, in how many different
arrangements can this be done?
(b) A die is randomly drawn from each of the boxes. If all dice drawn are
of the same colour, in how many different ways can this be done?

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(c) Four dice are randomly drawn without replacement form box B. How
many different ways can the dice drawn such that there are equal
number of red and green dice ?
(d) A die randomly drawn from box A is put into box B. subsequently, a
die drawn from box B is put into box C. Finally, a die is drawn from
box C and the colour is noted. Calculate the probability that the die
drawn from C is green ( 2010/11 )

12. Six yellow balls are labeled with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and four red
balls are labeled with letters P, Q, R and S. All the ten balls are of similar size. In
how many different ways can one
(a) arrange all the balls in a straight line such that balls of the same colour are
next to each other?
(b) Choose and arrange equal number of yellow and red balls in a straight line
such that balls of the same colour are next to each other? ( 2011/12 )

13. A team of four members will be formed by selecting randomly from a group
consisting of four students and six lecturers. Calculate the number of different
ways to form a team consisting of
(a) No students at all
(b) Equal number of students and lecturer
(c) More students than lecturers ( 2011/12 )

14. A security code is to be formed by using three alphabets and four digits chosen
from the alphabets {a, b, c, d, e} and digits {1,2,3,4,5,6}. All the digits and
alphabets can only be used once. Find the number of different ways the security
code can be formed if
(a) there is no restriction imposed.
(b) all alphabets are next to each other and all digits are next to each other.
(c) it consists of at least two consonants. ( 2012/13 )

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15. (a) In the final of a science quiz competition, team A and B sit in rows facing
each other. Each team consists of two females and two males. Find the
number of different seating arrangements of all the contestants if
(i) in each team, contestants of the same gender request to sit next to each
other.
(ii) contestants of the same gender do not sit next to each other in team A, or
in team B, contestants of the same gender sit at both ends of the row.
(b) A test consists of ten true-false questions. How many possible arrangements
of answers can be obtained if
(i) all questions must be answered?
(ii) only six randomly chosen questions must be answered. ( 2014/15 )

16. Seven identical boxes are labeled with numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7. If five boxes
are chosen at random,
(a) find the number of different ways to arrange the boxes in a row such that
(i) there are two odd and three even numbered boxes.
(ii) there are only one even numbered box.
(b) find the probability that there are only two odd numbered boxes next to
each other. ( 2014/15 )

17. Given a set of digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.

(a) Find the number odd different ways to choose two prime digits from
the set.
(b) Four-digit numbers are to be formed from the set and the numbers do
not start with digit 0. Find the possible number of ways of getting
(i) Even numbers between 6000 and 7000 if every digit can be repeated.
(ii) Numbers greater than 6000 that end with digit 5 and the digits can only
be used only once.
(iii) Numbers that contain exactly two odd digits and they must be next to
each other with no repetitions of digits allowed. ( 2015/16 )

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18. (a) A total of 6 students can sit on 10 chairs which are arranged in a row.
(i) Find the number of different ways that all the 6 students can sit .
(ii) If both seats at the ends are o be seated, find the number of different
ways this can be done.
(iii) If 2 particular students do not sit next to each other, find the number of
different ways that all 6 students can sit.
(b) A committee consisting of 2 males and 3 females is to be formed from
5 males and 7 females. Find the number of different ways if
(i) A particular female must be in the committee.
(ii) 2 particular males cannot be in the committee. ( 2016/17 )

Suggested Answers

1. (a) 1960 (b) 14112

2. (a) 4838400 (b) (i) 210 (ii) 246

3. (a) (i) 210 (ii) 180 (b) 18

4. (a) 2520 (b) 5040 (c) 16800

5. (a) 720 (b) 185 (c) 360

6. (a) 321 (b) 9676800 (c) 1716 (d) 6600

7. (a) i) 600600 ii) 7480980
(b) i) 3360 ii) 1200

8. (a) i) 90720 ii) 151200

(b) 45

9. (a) 73920 (b) 739200 (c) 570240

10. (a) 64 (b) 18

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11. (a) 126 (b) 180

373
(c) 150 (d) or 0.4317
864

12. (a) 34560 (b) 23808

13. (a) 15 (b) 90 (c) 25

14. (a) 756000 (b) 43200 (c) 529200

15. (a) (i) 64 (ii) 16 (b) (i) 1024 (ii) 13440

16. (a) (i) 720 (ii) 360 (b) 288

17. (a) 6 (b) (i) 499 (ii) 224 (iii) 1040

18. (a) (i) 151200 (ii) 50400 (iii) 120960

(b) (i) 150 (ii) 105

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TOPIC 8: PROBABILITY

1. (a) For any sets R and S, P(R) = P(S '  R) + P(S  R). Show that
PS R   1 PS ' R  .

(b) If P( R)  0.5 , P(S ' )  0.3 and PS ' R   0.4 , evaluate P( R  S )

( 2003/04 )

2. A total of 120 students of a private college ride 3 types of motorcycles

(KRISS, SUZUKI and HONDA) to campus. From the total, 75 riders are
males. Out of 50 students who ride KRISS, 30 are females. There are 30
males who ride SUZUKI and 5 females who ride HONDA. If one students
who rides a motorcycle to campus is chosen at random, find the probability
that the student
(a) rides a KRISS or a SUZUKI.
(b) is female or rides a SUZUKI.
(c) rides a SUZUKI given that the student is female.
(d) is male who rides a SUZUKI or female who rides a KRISS. (2003/04 )

3. Given that the two events E and F with P( E )  0.1 and P( F )  0.3 are
independent.
(a) State a condition for two events E and F to be independent.
(b) Find P( E  F ) . Are the events E and F mutually exclusive ?

(c) Find PE ' F ' ( 2004/05 )

4. The workers in a factory need to attend a competency course and pass three
tests. The probability of passing the first test is 0.9 and if a worker passes a
test, the probability that the worker will pass the subsequent test is 0.7.
Instead, if the worker fails, the probability that the worker will fail the
subsequent test is 0.8.
(a) Construct a tree diagram for the events.
(b) Find the probability that a worker will pass the first and the third test,
(c) Find the probability that a worker will pass at least two test. ( 2004/05 )

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5. Given A and B are two events with the following probabilities :

, P  A B '  and P A  B   .
2 3 1
P( A) 
7 7 21
(a) Find P A  B  .
(b) Determine whether A and B are independent events ( 2005/06 )

6. A game is involves rolling a fair die followed by drawing a marble from either
an urn A or B. If the outcome is less than 3, then a marble is drawn at random
from urn A. Otherwise, a marble is drawn at random from urn B. Urn A
contains 3 red marbles, 4 blue marbles and 3 green marbles. Urn B contains 3
red marbles and 1 blue marble.

(a) Find the probabilities that

(i) a red marble is chosen
(ii) the outcome of the die is less than 3 if it is known that the marble drawn
is red.
(iii) it is red or a green marble

(b) The similar game is repeated but two marbles are drawn instead from either
urn A or B. Find the probability that both marbles are red if the first marble
is taken
(i) with replacement
(ii) without replacement ( 2005/06 )

7. Given two events A and B with the following probabilities:

, P A ' B   , P( A  B) 
2 3 1
P( A) 
5 5 15
Find
(a) P(B)

(b) PA B ' ( 2006/07 )

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8. Ali plans to buy a computer and the probability that he gets a loan is 0.6. The
probability that he will buy the computer if he gets the loan is 0.9, and the
probability that he will still buy the computer even though without getting the
loan is 0.7.
(a) What is the probability that Ali will buy a computer?
(b) If it is known that Ali did not buy a computer, what is the probability that
he failed to get the loan. ( 2006/07 )

9. The probability of a woman giving birth to a baby boy is 0.6. If the woman
gave birth to 3 children, find the probability that
(a) The number of sons exceeds the number of daughters.
(b) All three children are of the same gender. ( 2007/08 )

10. The probability that a student passes Mathematics is 0.4. If the student passes
Mathematics, the probability that the student will pass Physics is 0.7. If the
student fails Mathematics, the probability the student will pass Physics is 0.63.
(a) Calculate the probability that the student passes
i. Physics,
ii. Mathematics if the student passes Physics.
(b) Determine whether the events of a student passing Mathematics and
Physics are independent. ( 2007/08 )

11. A total of 400 new students at a college were interviewed to find out if they
either receive a scholarship, loan or no financial aid. There are 150 male
students, of which 50 receive loan and 70 do not receive any financial aid.
One hundred female students receive scholarship. There are 140 students who
do not receive any financial aid. If a new student is selected at random,
calculate the probability that the student is a
(a) Female or a scholarship recipient.
(b) Loan recipient if it is known that the student is a female.
(c) Male who is a scholarship recipient or a female who receive a loan.
(d) Female or non-scholarship recipient. ( 2008/09 )

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1 3 1
12. Given two events A and B with P( B)  , P( A  B)  , P( B A) 
3 4 4
Find
a) P(A)
b) P( A ' B ' ) ( 2009/10 )

13. In chess tounament between A and B, the probability A wins is 0.2, B wins is
0.5 and the probability of a draw is 0.3. If A and B were to meet in three
games, calculate the probability that
(a) Two games are draw
(b) A and B win alternately
(c) Either A or B wins all the games
(d) B wins at least two games ( 2010/11 )

14. Given P( A)  0.5 , P( B)  0.6 and P( A  B)  0.8 . Calculate the probability

that both events A and B occur. hence, verify that A and B are independent
events. ( 2011/12 )

15. It is found that 30% of the population of an island are overweight. Among the
overweight, the probability of those who do not have any chronic illness is 0.4
and among those who are not overweight, the probability that they do not have
any chronic illness is 0.65.
Draw a tree diagram to represent the given information.
(a) Hence, if a person is randomly chosen from that population, find the
probability that he
(i) does not have any chronic illness.
(ii) is overweight knowing that he does not have any chronic illness.
(b) If two persons are randomly chosen from the population, find the
probability that
(i) both of them do not have any chronic illness.
(ii) only one of them has chronic illness.
(iii) at least one of them does not have any chronic illness
( 2011/12 )

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16. A box consists of five grape-flavoured sweets and four strawberry-flavoured

sweets. All the sweets are of the same size. A child chooses at random four
sweets from the box. Find the probability that
(a) all sweets are of the same flavor.
(b) less than three sweets are strawberry-flavoured. ( 2012/13 )

17. Every year two teams, Unggul and Bestari meet each other in a debate
competition. Past results show that in years when Unggul win, the probability
of them winning the next year is 0.6 and in years when Bestari win, the
probability of them winning the next year is 0.5. It is not possible for the
competition to result in a tie. Unggul won the competition in 2011.
(a) Construct a probability tree diagram for the three years up to 2014
(b) Find the probability that Bestari will win in 2014
(c) If Bestari wins in 2014, find the probability that it will be their first
win for at least three years.
(d) Assuming that Bestari wins in 2014, find the smallest value of n such
that the probability of Unggul wins the debate competition for n consecutive
years after 2014 is less than 0.05 ( 2012/13 )

18. The events A and B are independent with P(A) = x, P(B) = x + 0.3 and
P( A  B)  0.04. Determine the value of x. Hence, find P( A  B)'. ( 2013/14 )

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19. The probability that a person is a carrier of Thalassemia is 0.03. If a person is

actually a carrier, the probability a medical diagnostic test will give a positive
result, indicating that he is a carrier, is 0.92. If the person is actually not a
carrier, the probability of a positive result is 0.03. Draw a tree diagram to
represent the given information.
(a) A medical diagnostic test is said to be efficient if 5% of the time it
gives a correct positive result. Determine if the test is efficient
(b) Find the probability that the test gives a negative result.
(c) What is the probability that the diagnostic test gives a negative result
and the person tested is not a carrier?
d) Two persons who took the test are randomly chosen. What is the
probability that both give positive results? ( 2013/14 )

20. Given P( A  B' )  0.25 , P( A)  0.48 and P( B)  0.42 . Find P( A  B).

Is A and B mutually exclusive events? Hence, determine whether A and B are
independent events. ( 2014/15 )

21. In a college there are 150 students taking courses in Chemistry, Physics and
Biology.
Among the students, 92 are females. There are 48 students taking Chemistry
which 28 are females. Half of the 68 students taking Physics are females.
(a) Construct the contingency table for the given data.
(b) A student is chosen at random. Find the probability that the student
(i) takes Biology.
(ii) is a male, given that he takes Biology
(iii) takes Biology or a female.
(c) Two students are chosen at random, find the probability at least one
student is a female and takes Biology. ( 2014/15 )

22. Given P( A)  0.37, P( B A)  0.13 and P( A'B)  0.47 . Find

(a) P( A  B) .
(b) P(B) and hence calculate P(( A  B)' ) . ( 2015/16 )

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23. A car insurance company offers two types of insurance plan for privately-
owned cars, namely Plan X and Plan Y. for a random sample of 60 clients for
each insurance plan, the number of claims is given in the following table.

Claim
Plan Yes No
X 38 22
Y 45 15

Let
A = the event that no claim is made by the client
B = the event that the customer takes Plan X.
(a) Find P( A  B) .
(b) Find P( A'B) .
(c) Given that the chosen client did not make any claim, find the
probability that the insurance plan taken was Plan X.
(d) Determine whether the events ‘make a claim’ and ‘the type of each
insurance plan taken’ are independent. Give reason for your answer.
( 2015/16 )
24. Given that P( A)  0.35 and P( B)  0.45 .Calculate
(a) P( A  B) if event A and B are mutually exclusive.
(b) P( A  B ' ) if event A and B are independent. ( 2016/17 )

25. The table below shows the classification of 200shirt based on sizes and
colours.
Small Medium Large
White 40 35 5
Blue 10 30 15
Black 25 20 20

A shirt is selected randomly. Find the probability that the shirt is

(a) Small in size.
(b) Either blue or white.
(c) Medium size given that it is blue. ( 2016/17 )

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26. Let A and B be two events where P( A ' )  0.7 , P( B)  0.4 and P( A  B)  0.6 .

Determine P( A  B) and then evaluate PA B  . Hence, state with reason

whether A and B are independent events. ( 2017/18 )

27. A survey was implemented on 400 students at a private university in order to

collect information on the popular choice of minor subjects ( Language,
Statistics and Information Technology ) by students of various major of study
( Medicine, Engineering and Economics ). The following tables describes the
data collected from the survey.

Major Medicine Engineering Economics Total

Minor
Language 30 80 30 140
Statistics 10 30 10 50
InformationTechnology 60 120 30 210
Total 100 230 70 400

If a student from this group is selected at random, what is the probability that
he
(a) Is either majoring in Medicine or doing a minor in Information
Technology?
(b) Is a non-Medicine student who does a minor in Language?
(c) Chooses a minor in Statistics knowing that he is an Economics student ?
(d) Is neither an Engineering student who does a minor in Statistics nor is he
an Economics student who does a minor in Language? ( 2017/18 )

Suggested Answers
1. (a) DIY (b) 0.9

3 5 2 1
2. (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 9 2

3. (a) P( E  F )  P( E)  P( F ) or PF E   P(F ) or PE F   P(E )

(b) P( E  F )  0.03 , E and F are not mutually excluscive because P( E  F )  0

(c) 0.9 .

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4. (a)
0.7 P3
P2
0.7 0.3 F3
0.2 P3
P1
0.9 F3
0.3 F2 0.8
0.7 P3
0.2
0.1 F1 P2
0.3 F3
0.8 F2 0.2 P3

0.8 F3
(b) 0.495 (c) 0.698

43
5. (a) (a) not independent.
63

3 1 7
6. (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
5 6 10
81 16
(b) (i) (ii)
200 45

1 2
7. (a) (b)
6 5

2
8. (a) 0.82 (b)
3

9. (a) 0.648 (b) 0.28

10. (a) i) 0.658 ii) 0.426 (b) Not independent

11. (a) 0.7 (b) 0.32 ( c) 0.275 (d) 0.925

5 3
12. (a) (b)
9 8

13. (a) 0.189 (b) 0.07 (c) 0.133 (d) 0.5

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14. 0.3

15. C
0.6
O
0.3 0.4 C
C
0.7 0.35
O
0.65 C
(a) (i) 0.575 (ii) 0.209
(b) (i) 0.331 (ii) 0.489 (iii) 0.819

16. (a) 0.048 (b) 0.833

17. (a)

(b) 0.444 (c) 0.3243 (d) 6

18. 0.54

19. (a). 0.0567. The test is efficient. (b). 0.9433 (c). 0.9409 (d). 0.00321

20. P( A  B)  0.23 , not mutually exclusive events

A and B are not independent events.

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21. (a)
C P B T
M 20 34 4 58
F 28 34 30 92
T 48 68 34 150

(b) (i) 0.2267 (ii) 0.1176 (iii) 0.64

(c) 0.3609

22. (a) 0.0481 (b) 0.5181; 0.16

11 7 22
23. (a) (b) (c) (d) not independent
60 8 37

24. (a) 0.80 (b) 0.193

3 27 6
25. (a) (b) (c)
8 40 11
26. P( A  B)  0.1 , PA B   0.25

5 11 1 17
27. (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 40 7 20

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TOPIC 9: RANDOM VARIABLES

1. The probability distribution function of a random variable X is

 3
P( X  x)  k   for x = 0, 1, 2, 3
 x
where k is a constant. Determine
(a) the value of k. Hence, find P(0  X  3) .
(b) E (X ) , Var (X ) and Var (2 X  3) . ( 2003/04 )

2. The probability density function of a continuous random variable X is given by

cx 2 0 x3
f ( x) 
0 others

where c is a constant. Find

(a) the value of c and P(1  X  2)
(b) the median of X.
(c) E (X ) and Var (X ) . ( 2003/04 )

3. The probability density function of a continuous random variable X is given by

x 0  x 1
f ( x)  2 x 1 x  k
0 otherwise
where k is a positive constant.
(a) Show that k  2
(b) Calculate P(0.5  X  3)
(c) Find the mean and variance of X. ( 2004/05 )

4. A discrete random variable X has a probability distribution function given by

3
P( X  x)  m  x , x  0,1,2,3,4,5
2
where m is a constant.
(a) Determine the value of m.
(b) Calculate P( X  x), x  0,1,2,3,4,5 .
(c) Find the mean and variance for Y  5  2 X . ( 2004/05 )

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5. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable

X is given as follows:
X -1 0 1 2 3
P( X  x ) p 3p 2p p p
1
Show that p 
8
(a) Find the cumulative distribution function of X
(b) Find
(i) mean
(ii) median


(iii) E 3 X  12  ( 2005/ 06 )

6. The continuous random variable X has the probability density function of

a x x 1  x  1
f ( x) 
0 otherwise

3 2
Show that a 
4
 1
(a) Find P 0  X   and give your answer in the surd form
 2
(b) Find the median and the expected value of X ( 2005/06 )

7. The probability density function of a continuous random variable X is given by

kx2 1  x  2
f ( x)  k 2 x4
0 otherwise

where k is a positive constant.

(a) Find k
(b) Determine, F (x) , the cumulative distribution function for X.
(c) Calculate
(i) Var (X )
(ii) Var (3 X  2) ( 2006/07 )

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8. The probability function of a discrete random variable X is

kx
P(X = x) =
2
where x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and k is a constant.
2
(a) Show that k  .
21
(b) Find Var  X  . ( 2007/08 )

9. The time taken by a student (in hours) to study is given by a continuous variable
X, with a cumulative density function of
 0 if x0

F (x) = 1  k (10  x) if
2
0  x  10
 if x  10
 1

where k is a constant.
a) Determine the value of k
b) Find P(3  X  9)
c) Determine the probability density function of X for 0  x  10.
d) Find the median of X.
e) Obtain the variance of X ( 2007/08 )

10. A bookstore recorded the number of books, X, sold daily with the probability
6 x
P( X  x )  , X  0,1, 2, 3, 4 .
20
 3
Calculate E (X ) . Hence, find P  X  E ( X )   . ( 2008/09 )
 2

11. A continuous random variable X has the cumulative function given by

0 , x 1

x  a 2 , 1 x  3
12
F (x) 
14 x  x 2  25
, 3 x 7
b
1 , x7
where a and b are constants.

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(a) Show that a  1 and b  24

(b) Find P(2  X  5) .
(c) Calculate the median.
(d) Determine the density function.
(e) Sketch the graph of f (x) and hence find the mode. ( 2008/09 )

12. The following table represents the probability distribution of a discrete random
variable Y.
y −2 −1 1 3 5
P(Y = y) 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1
Find
a) P( Y  1).

b) E (Y  3) 2 and Var Y  3. ( 2009/10 )

13. The probability density function of a continuous random variable X is given by

 k ln x
 , 1 x  e
f ( x)   x

 0, otherwise

Show that k = 2.

Hence,

a) Obtain the cumulative distribution function, F(x).

b) Determine the 81st percentile for the distribution of X.

c) Calculate E(X). ( 2009/10 )

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14. The cumulative probability distribution function of a discrete random variable X

is

0, x  1
1
 , 1  x  2
6
2
P( X  x)   , 2  x  4
3
5 , 4  x  6
6

1, x6

(a) Construct the probability distribution table of X.
(b) Calculate Var (X). ( 2010/11 )

15. A continuous random variable, Y has a probability density function

c(3  y 2 ), 0  y  2
f ( y)  
 0, otherwise

3 3
Show that c  and E (Y )  .
10 5
Hence,
a) Calculate P(Y  E(Y )).
b) Determine the mode of the distribution.
c) Show that the median, m of the distribution satisfies the equation
m3  9m  5  0. ( 2010/11 )

16. A nurse works five days in a week. The number of days in a week she works
overtime is a discrete random variable X with probability function.

 k
 3x  1, x  0,1,2
3

 k
f ( x)   ( x  2), x  3,4
 3
 k
( x  1), x5

 3
1
where k is a constant. Show that k 
5

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(a) Find the probability she works overtime everyday in a week

(b) Calculate the probability that she will work overtime for at least three days in a
week.
(c) Determine the most likely number of days in week she will work overtime.
(d) Find the expected number of day in week she will work overtime. Hence,
evaluate E (3 X  1) . ( 2011/12 )

17. The continuous random variable X has the cumulative distribution function
 0 , x0


F ( x)  a x 3  3x 2 , 0  x 1 where a is constant.

 1 , x 1

Show that a  4. Hence,
(a) Calculate the mean and variance of X.
 1
(b) Find P  X  E ( X )  .
 10 
(c) If Y  4 X  3, find the E(Y ) and Var(Y ). ( 2011/12 )

18. A discrete random variable X has a probability distribution function

 25  x
 , x  1, 2, 3, 4
 32
p ( x)   where k is a constant.
 k , x5


1
(a) Show that k  .
16
(b) Find P 1  X  3 .

(c) Calculate the mean of X and hence, calculate E  2 X  3 .

(d) Find the variance of X and hence, calculate Var  9  2 X  . ( 2012/13 )

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19. A continuous random variable X has the probability density function

 6
 5x , 0  x 1

6
f ( x)    2  x 
2
, 1 x  2
5

 0 , otherwise

(a) Find the cumulative distribution function of X.
(b) Find
(i) P  0.5  X  1.5 .

(ii) P  X  1.5 .

(c) Calculate the median of X correct to three decimal places. ( 2012/13 )

20. The probability distribution function of a discrete random variable X is given

as follows:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 3 2 5 3
P( X  x )
k k k k k k

where k is a constant. Determine the value of k. Hence, calculate Var (2 X  1) .

( 2013/14 )

21. The number of vehicles owned by residents in a housing estate, X is a discrete

random variable with probability distribution function
 1
 , x0
120
f ( x)  
 x , x  1, 2, 3, 4.

x 1
(a) Verify that f(x) is a probability distribution function.
(b) Find the probability that a resident has more than two vehicles.
(c) Find the cumulative distribution function for X and hence determine the
median.
(d) Let Y = 30X + 10 be the monthly fee (in RM) imposed by a security
company. Find the expected amount of monthly fee to be paid.
( 2013/14 )

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22. The time for patients to experience complications in a week after a heart
surgery, X is a continuous random variable with probability density function
given by
a(1  x), 0  x 1
f ( x)  
0, otherwise.
where a is a constant. Show that a = 2.
Hence, find the
(a) cumulative distribution function of X and estimate its median.
(b) mean and variance of X. Calculate Var (3  2 X ) . ( 2013/14 )

23. Let X be the random variable representing the number obtained when a biased
dice is rolled. The probability of the biased dice to give odd numbers is three
times higher than even numbers when it is rolled.
(a) If the dice is rolled once,
(i) construct a probability distribution table for X.
(ii) find the probability of getting a number less than 3.
(iii) find the mean and variance of X.
(b) If the dice is rolled 100 times, find the expected value of getting the
number 6. ( 2014/15 )

24. The cumulative distribution function of a continuous random variable, X is

given as follows:
 0, x0
1
F ( x)   x( x  4), 0  x  4
 32
 1, x4

(a) Calculate P( X  1  1).

(b) Find the median.

(c) Determine the probability density functionof X.
Hence, evaluate E (3 X 2  1). ( 2014/15 )

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25. The continuous random variable X has cumulative distribution function F(x)
given by

 0, x0
 x2
 , 0 x2
F ( x)   2 6
 x  2 x  2, 2  x  3
 3
 1, x3

Find
(a) P(1  X  2.2) .
(b) The value of median.
(c) The probability density function of X.
(d) The expected value of X.
19
(e) The variance of X, given that E ( X 2 )  . ( 2015/16 )
6

26. Two dice are thrown and the numbers x and y obtained from each dice are
noted. The discrete random variable W is defined as
 xy , xy
W 
x y, x  y
(a) Write all the outcomes for W  4 and hence show that
5
P(W  4)  .
36
(b) Construct a table of the probability distribution of the random variable
W. hence, show that W is a discrete random variable.
(c) Find P(W  9) .
(d) Find the mode of W.
(e) Find E(W) and hence, calculate E(3 - 4W). ( 2015/16 )

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27. The number of times, X, a certain statistics book is borrowed from a library
per semester is modeled as probability distribution function below
k (7  2 x ) x  0,1,2,3
P( X  x) 
0 otherwise
with k as a constant. Find k. Hence,
(a) Construct a probability distribution table for X.
(b) Find P( X  2)
(c) Calculate E (2 X  3) .
(d) Find Var (2 X  3) ( 2016/17 )

28. Let probability density function of a continuous random variable X be defined

by

x2
f ( x)  , c  x  c
18
0, elsewhere
With c is a constant.
(a) Show that c  3 .
(b) Find the cumulative distribution function of X.
(c) Hence, find
(i) P(0  X  2)
(ii) The median of X. ( 2016/17 )

29. A game is conducted by tossing a biased coin 3 times. The coin has
1 2
probability P( H )  and P(T )  , where the event in obtaining head is H
3 3
and the event in obtaining tail is T.
(a) Construct a tree diagram and hence, show that the probability of
12
getting one head is .
27
(b) Let X be the number of heads that appears, find the probability
distribution of X.
(c) Suppose a player wins RM 2 each time a tail appears.
(i) Find the probability distribution of Y.
(ii) Calculate E (Y ) and Var (Y ) . ( 2016/17 )

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30. A probability distribution for discrete random variable X is as shown in the

table below
X 2 1 0 1 2 3
P( X  x) p 0.1 0.3 q 0.2 pq

Where p and q are constants. If E ( X )  0.65 , determine the values of p and q.

Hence, calculate the standard deviation of X. ( 2017/18 )

31. The probability distribution function of a discrete random variable X is given

as
x
, x  1,2,3
17
x
P( X  x)  , x  4,5,6,7
34
0, otherwise
(a) Calculate P(2  X  5) .
(b) Determine the value of Var (X ) . Hence, calculate the standard

deviation of Y   5 X 1 ( 2017/18 )

32. Continuous random variable X has a density probability function is given by

ax, 0  x 1
a
f ( x)  (4  x), 1 x  4
3
0, otherwise
Where a is a constant.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the E (X ) and Var (2  3 X ) .
(c) Evaluate P X  E ( X )  a 
(d) Estimate the median. ( 2017/18 )

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SUGGESTED ANSWERS

1 3 3 3
1. (a) k  , (b) E ( X )  , Var ( X )  , Var (2 X  3)  3
8 4 2 4

1 7
2. (a) c  , P(1  X  2)  (b) 2.38
9 27
9 27
(c) E( X )  , Var ( X ) 
4 80

1
3. (a) DIY (b) 0.875 (c) E ( X )  1 , Var ( X ) 
6

1
4. (a) m 
10
(b)
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P( X  x ) 3 1 1 3 5 7
20 20 20 20 20 20
67
(b) E( X )  , Var (5  2 X )  12.51
20
0, x  1

1
, 1  x  0
8

4
, 0  x 1
8
5. (a) F ( x) 
6
, 1 x  2
8

7
, 2 x3
8

1, x3
3
(b) (i) E ( X )  (ii) median =0 (iii) 14.5
4

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

2 3
6. (a) (b) median  0.630 , E ( X ) 
4 5

1
7. (a) k 
5
(b)
0, x  1
3
x 1
, 1  x  2
F ( x)  5
x 1
, 2 x4
5
1, x4
13
(c) (i) Var ( X )  1.251 (ii) Var (3 X  2)  11.25 (iii)
15

20
8. ( a) DIY (b)
9
1
1  (10  x), 0  x  10
9. a) k = b) 0.48 c) f ( x)   50
100
 0, otherwise
50
d) m = 2.929 e) Var ( X ) 
9

3 9
10. ;
2 20

3
11. (b) (c) 3.54
4
 x 1
 6 , 1 x  3 0.33
 7 x
(d) f ( x)    , 3  x  7 (e)
12 12
 0, elsewhere

1 3 7
Mode = 3

12. (a) 0.3 (b) 9.3 ; 4.01

 0, x 1

a) F ( x)  ln x  , 1  x  e e 0.9
2
13. b) c) 2
 1, xe


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14. (a)
X -1 2 4 6
P( X  x ) 1 3 1 1
6 6 6 6

(b) 4.5833

15. (a) 0.482 (b) mode = 0

4 7 43 48
16. (a) (b) (c) 2 (d) E ( X )  , E (3 X  1) 
15 15 15 5

2 19
17. (a) E( X )  ; Var ( X )  (b) 0.664
5 350

152
(c) E(Y )  1.4 ; Var (Y ) 
175

1 3 31 7
18. (a) k  (b) (c) ;
16 4 16 8
367 367
(d) ;
256 64

19.

 0 , x0


 3 2
x , 0  x 1
 5
(a) F ( x)  
 22  x
3

1  5
, 1 x  2


 1 , x2

4 1
(b) (i) (ii) (c) 0.913
5 20

20. k  15 , Var (2 X  1)  8.64

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 MATHEMATICS SM025

 0 , x0
 1
 , 0  x 1
120
 61
 , 1 x  2
120 241
21. (b).0.1583 (c). F ( x)   , median = 1 (d).  60.25
101 4
 , 2 x3
 120
 29 , 3  x  4
 30
 1 , x4


 0 , x0

22. (a). F(x) = 2 x  x 2 , 0  x  1 , median = 0.293
 1 , x 1

1
(b). E ( X )  , Var ( X )  0.056 , Var (3  2 X )  0.222
3

23. (a)(i)
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P( X  x ) 3 1 3 1 3 1
12 12 12 12 12 12

1 13 137
(ii) (iii) mean  , var iance 
3 4 48
(b) 8.33

24. (a) 0.375 (b) m  2.47

x  2
 , 0 x4
(c) f ( x)   16 , E (3 X 2  1)  19
0, otherwise

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 x
 , 0 x2
 3
(c) f ( x)   
31 2x
25. (a) (b) 3  2, 2  x  3
50  3
 0, otherwise


5 7
(d) (e)
3 18

5
26. (a) 2,2, 5,1, 1,5, 2,6, 6,2; P(W  4) 
36
(b)
W 1 2 3 4 5 9 16 25 36
P(W  w) 11 8 6 5 2 1 1 1 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

 P(W  w)  1
1 161 134
(c) (d) 1 (e) ;
12 36 9

1
27. k
16
(a)
x 0 1 2 3
P( X  x ) 7 5 3 1
16 16 16 16

15 19 55
(b) (c) (d)
16 4 16

0, x  3
3
x 1
28. (a) DIY (b) F ( x)   , 3 x  3
54 2
1, x3
4
(c) (i) (ii) median  0
27

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29. (a)

(b)
x 0 1 2 3
P( X  x ) 8 12 6 1
27 27 27 27

(c) (i)
y 0 2 4 6
P(Y  y) 1 6 12 8
27 27 27 27

504
(ii) E (Y )  , Var (Y )  2.667
27

30 p  0.15 , q  0.05 , standard deviation = 1.71

7 1041
31 (a) (b) Var ( X )  , standard deviation = 4.24
17 289

1 5 13
32. (a) a  (b) E ( X )  , Var (2  3 X ) 
2 3 2
(c) 0.7199 (d) median  1.55

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TOPIC 10 : SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. The average number of students entering the main door of a library between
9:00 to 9:30 am during the school holidays is 10.
(a) Calculate the probability that 3 to 5 students will enter the library at that
particular time.
(b) If the probability of less than m students entering the library at that time is
0.583, find the value of m. ( 2003/04 )

2. The monthly earnings of operators in a particular factory are normally

distributed with mean RM780 and standard deviation RM8.
(a) If the factory has 900 operators, how many operators earn between
RM770 to RM800 a month?
(b) If 67% of the operators earn more than RMd monthly, what is the
value of d? ( 2003/04 )

3. The probability that a person is cured from pneumonia after being given a new
type of medicine is 0.4.
(a) If a sample of 20 patients is randomly selected,
(i) find the mean and standard deviation of patients that will be cured.
(ii) find the probability that 4 to 12 patients will be cured.
(b) If a sample of 100 patients is randomly selected, find the probability that
less than 66 patients will not be cured. ( 2003/04 )

4. The distribution of the number of car breakdowns on a highway in any one

day is Poisson with mean 3.5.
(a) Find the probability that
(i) exactly 2 cars break down on a particular day.
(ii) At most 5 cars break down on a particular day.
(iii) between 100 to 111 cars break down on the days for the month of
April.
(b) An auto repair company places 3 of its trucks to provide assistance in car
breakdowns along the above highway everyday. Find the probability that on a
particular day the company could not provide any such assistance ( 2004/05 )

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5. It is know that 10 % of the patients with high fever are confirmed to be

suffering from dengue fever.
(a) If 15 patients with high fever are random chosen, find the probability that
(i) less than 9 are confirmed to be suffering from the dengue fever.
(ii) exactly 10 patients with high fever are confirmed to be free of dengue
fever
( b) If 100 patients with high fever are randomly chosen,
(i) approximate the probability that 9 to 14 patients are confirmed to be
suffering from dengue fever.
(ii) find the value of m such that the probability of more than m patients
that are confirmed to be suffering from dengue fever is 0.025.
( 2004/05 )
6. The number of short messages(SMS) received by a teenager in half an hour
has a Poisson distribution with the mean  .
(a) If the probability of received no SMS within half an hour is 0.0025, show
that   6 (to the nearest integer)
(b) using the value of   6 , find the probability that
(i) he receives less than six SMS in half an hour
(ii) he receives less than six SMS in one hour.
(iii) Two teenagers selected at random will receive at least six SMS in half
an hour ( 2005/06 )

7. In any of its shipments, a company found that the probability of bad oranges it
supplies is 0.2. At the receiving terminal, a sample is taken at random and the
number of bad oranges is recorded.
(a) A shipment will be rejected if there are more than 10% bad oranges in the
sample taken. Calculate the probability that a particular shipment will be
accepted if a sample of size 20 is taken.
(b) Using the normal approximation, estimate the probability of obtaining 180
to 210 bad oranges if 1000 oranges are inspected at random.
(c) In another shipment, the probability of obtaining bad oranges is 0.03. The
probability of rejecting this shipment is 0.022. Using the Poisson
approximation, determine the maximum allowable number of bad oranges
in a sample of size 300 such that the shipment is accepted. ( 2005/06 )

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8. In a delivery of microchips, it is known that number of defective is 2 out of 10.

(a) If 15 microchips are delivered, calculate the probability that
(i) at least 5 microchips are defective
(ii) Exactly 11 microchips are good .
(b) If 500 microchips are delivered, find n such that the probability of
obtaining the number of defective microchips exceeding n is 0.147
(c) Suppose in another shipment of microchips, the probability of defective is
0.01. If a sample of 300 microchips is taken from the shipment, estimate
the probability of getting 1 to 3 defective microchips. ( 2006/07 )

9. Assume that the number of e-mails received by a student daily has a Poisson
distribution with mean of 5.
a) i. Determine the probability that the student receives between 5 and 13
e-mails daily.
ii. If the probability of a student receiving not more than m e-mails in a
day is 0.616, determine the value of m.
b) If 15 days are randomly chosen, find the probability that the students
receives between 5 and 13 e-mails daily for a period of 9 days.
c) If 150 days are randomly chosen, use the normal approximation to find the
probability that the student receives between 5 and 13 e-mails daily for
less than 70 days. ( 2007/08 )

10. Compact discs produced by a factory are packed in boxes. Each box contains
100 compact discs. It is known that 4% of the compact discs produced are
defective.
(a) Show that the probability that a box chosen at random will contain at most
3 defective compact discs is approximately 0.43.
(b) Find the probability that among 12 boxes chosen at random, there will be 4
boxes which contain at most 3 defective compact discs.
(c) Seventy boxes are chosen at random. Find the probability that between 20
boxes and 40 boxes, inclusively, which contain at most 3 defective compact
discs. ( 2008/09 )

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11. In any large shipment of watermelons from a particular orchard, it is known

that 2% are unripe. Upon arrival shipment at a receiving depot, random
sampling with replacement are conducted.
a) Calculate the probability of getting at most one unripe watermelon in a
sample of size 20.
b) If the sample size is 1000, approximate the probability of getting not more
than eight unripe watermelons. ( 2009/10 )

12. The distribution of the weights of all sugar sachets produced by a particular
factory is assumed to be normal with mean 25 gm and the standard deviation
2 gm.
Show that the probability of a randomly selected sachet weighs within 1gm of
the mean is 0.383.
a) If ten sachets are randomly selected, find the probability that between four
and seven weigh within 1gm of the mean.
b) Determine the sample size, n such that the probability that none of the
sachet weighs within 1gm of the mean is 0.021.
c) If one hundred sachets are randomly selected, approximate the probability
that less than 40 sachets weigh within 1gm of the mean. ( 2010/11 )

13. On an average, a hospital receives 6 emergency calls in 15 minutes. It is

assumed that the number of emergency calls received follows the Poisson
distribution.
(a) Find the probability that not more than 15 emergency calls are received
in an hour.
(b) Find the number of emergency calls received, m, if it is known that the
probability at most m emergency calls received in half an hour is
0.155. ( 2011/12 )

14. The probability that a type of antibiotics can cure a certain disease is 0.95.
(a) If five patients are given the antibiotics, find the probability that
(i) exactly three patients are cured after finishing the course of
antibiotics.
(ii) at least one patient is cured after finishing the course of antibiotics.

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(b) If 500 patients are given the antibiotics, find the

(i) probability that more than 480 patients are cured.
(ii) largest possible value n such that the probability that at least n
patients recovered after finishing the course of antibiotics is 0.9.
( 2011/12 )

15. The number of motorcycles arriving at the main entrance of a university

during peak hours has a Poisson distribution with mean three per minute. Find
the probability that
(a) at most one motorcycle will arrive in one minute.
(b) exactly five motorcycles will arrive in two minutes. ( 2012/13 )

16. The registration record of a private college indicates that 40% of its new
intakes are international students and the remaining are local students.
(a) If 20 new students are randomly selected and the number of local
students are noted, find the probability that there are
(i) equal number of local and international students.
(ii) not less than 9 local students.
(b) Exactly 100 new students are randomly selected. By using a suitable
approximate distribution,
(i) find the probability that between 38 and 46 are international
students.
(ii) determine the value m such that the probability that the number
of international students is at most m is 0.993. ( 2012/13 )

17. A discrete random variable X has a Poisson distribution with parameter . By

using its probability distribution function, show that P(X = y +

1)= P( X  y) where y is an integer. Given that E(X) = 1.5, find P(X = 2).
y 1
( 2013/14 )

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18. The lifetime of D sized batteries produced by a local factory is normally

distributed with mean 11.5 months and standard deviation 0.8 months.
(a) Suppose a battery is selected at random from the factory’s production
line.
(i) Calculate the probability that the battery’s lifetime is between
9.5 and 11.5 months, correct to one decimal place.
(ii) If the probability that the battery’s lifetime is less than h
months is 0.975, determine the value of h.
(b) Suppose ten batteries are selected at random from the factory’s
production line, calculate the probability that at most three batteries
have lifetime between 9.5 and 11.5 months.
(c) If 100 batteries are selected at random from the factory’s production
line, approximate the probability that from 48 to 51 batteries have
lifetime between 9.5 and 11.5 months. ( 2013/14 )

19. A survey found that 32% of teenage consumers earned their spending money
from working part-time. If five teenagers are selected at random, find the
probability that at least two of them are working part-time. ( 2014/15 )

20. Number of accidents at a particular location of a highway occurs at the rate of

1.6 per week. Find the probability
(a) there will be two accidents in a week.
(b) there are more than 10 accidents in a five weeks period. ( 2014/15 )

21. An egg is classified as grade A if it weighs at least 100 grams. Suppose eggs
lay at a particular farm has the probability of 0.4 being classified as grade A
eggs.
(a) If 15 eggs are selected at random from the farm, calculate the
probability that more than 20% of them are not grade A eggs.
(b) A retailer bought 500 eggs from the farm.
(i) Approximate the percentage that the retailer would have bought
from 220 to 230 grade A eggs.
(ii) If the probability not more than m of the eggs bought are of
grade A is 0.9956, determine the value m. ( 2014/15 )

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22. The length of newborn babies at a hospital for a particular year is normally
distributed with mean of 52 cm and standard deviation of 2.5 cm. a baby’s
length is considered normal if it is between 46 cm and 56 cm. from a list of
100 birth records selected randomly for that particular year at the hospital,
how many babies are expected to have normal lengths? ( 2015/16 )

23. A car rental company has 7 cars available for rental each day. Assuming that
each rental is for the whole day and that the number of demands has a mean of
3 cars per day. Find the probability that
(a) The company cannot meet the demand in any one day.
(b) Less than 5 cars are rented in a period of 3 days. ( 2015/16 )

24. It is known that 37% of the students at a college do not take breakfast
regularly. A random sample of 20 students is chosen.
(a) Find the probability that there are at least two students who do not take
breakfast regularly.
(b) Use normal approximation to calculate the probability that there are
more than 10 students who do not take breakfast regularly. Verify that
the distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution.
( 2015/16 )

25. For every class of 40 students on average there are 4 of them are left-handed.
Find the probability that
(a) Exactly 5 students are left –handed in any class.
(b) Between 4 and 17 students are left-handed in any two classes. ( 2016/17 )

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26. The amount of grains packed in a sack is normally distributed with mean
weight  and standard deviation 6 kg. Given P( X  24)  0.1587 . The sack
is separated from others if it weight less than 25 kg.
(a) Find the value of  .
(b) Hence,
(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen sack has weights of more
than 33 kg.
(ii) Find the probability that a randomly chosen will be separated.
(c) A total of 5 sacks are chosen at random, find the probability that
(i) All the sacks are to be separated.
(ii) At least 4 of the sacks are to be separated. ( 2016/17 )

27. The number of text messages received by Rosnaida during a fixed time
interval is distributed with a mean of 6 messages per hour.
(a) Find the probability that Rosnaida will receive exactly 8 text messages
between 16:00 and 18:00 on a particular day.
(b) It is known that Rosnaida has received at least 10 text messages between
16:00 and 18:00 on a particular day, find the probability that she received
13 text messages during that time interval. ( 2017/18 )

28. In each delivery of cupcakes to a particular restaurant, 30% will be returned

due to not favoured by cupcakes lovers.
(a) Suppose 20 of the cupcakes are randomly selected from a delivery, what is
the probability that at most 5 will be returned ?
(b) Suppose the restaurant will be holding an event which requires an order of
200 cupcakes from the same supplier.
(i) Approximate the probability that between 56 and 62 of the cupcakes
will be returned.
(ii) If the probability of observing less than n number of cupcakes among
those delivered which are returned is 0.992, use the normal
approximation to determine the value of n. ( 2017/18 )

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Suggested Answers

1. (a) 0.0643 (b) m  11

2. (a) 799 (b) d  RM 776.48

3. (a) (i) 8 , 2.19 (ii) 0.963 (b) 0.8686

4. (a) (i) 0.1850 (ii) 0.8576 (iii) 0.3754 (b) 0.4634

5. (a) (i) 0.9978 (ii) 0.0105 (b) ( i) 0.6247 (ii) m  15

6. (a)   6 (b) (i) 0.4457 (ii) 0.0203 (iii) 0.3072

7. (a) 0.2061 (b) 0.7441 (c) k  15

8. (a) (i) 0.1642 (ii) 0.1876 ( b) 109 (c) 0.5982

9. (a) (i) 0.382 (ii) m  5 (b) 0.0483 (c) 0.9798

10. (a) DIY (b) 0.1886 (c) 0.9887

11. (a) 0.9401 (b) 0.00466

12. (a) 0.2818 (b) n8 (c) 0.5987

13. (a) 0.0344 (b) m8

14. (a) (i) 0.0214 (ii) 1

(b) (i) 0.1292 (ii) n  469

15. (a) 0.199 (b) 0.1606

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16. (a) (i) 0.1172 (ii) 0.9435

(b) (i) 0.4903 (ii) m = 52

17. 0.251

18. (a) (i) 0.5 (ii) h = 13.068 (b) 0.1719 (c). 0.3094

19. 0.5125

20. (a) 0.2584 or 0.2585 (b) 0.1841

21. (a) 0.9981 (b) (i) 3.5% (ii) m  228

22. 94

23. (a) 0.0119 (b) 0.055

24. (a) 0.9988 (b) 0.0749

25. (a) 0.1563 (b) 0.867

26. (a)   30 (b) (i) 0.3085 (ii) 0.2033

(c) (i) 0.0003473 (ii) 0.00715

27. (a) 0.0655 (b) 0.139

28. (a) 0.4164 (b) (i) 0.2964 (ii) n  76

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