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EXP 5 - Study of Hydraulic Jump in A Rectangular Channel

The document describes an experiment to study the hydraulic jump characteristics in a rectangular horizontal channel. Water is supplied to the channel through an upstream sluice gate and flows over a downstream weir. Measurements are taken of flow depth and velocity before and after the hydraulic jump to determine parameters like sequent depths, specific energy loss, Froude numbers, and relative jump height. The data is then analyzed by plotting relationships between these parameters to observe trends in hydraulic jump behavior.

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siva ram
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343 views9 pages

EXP 5 - Study of Hydraulic Jump in A Rectangular Channel

The document describes an experiment to study the hydraulic jump characteristics in a rectangular horizontal channel. Water is supplied to the channel through an upstream sluice gate and flows over a downstream weir. Measurements are taken of flow depth and velocity before and after the hydraulic jump to determine parameters like sequent depths, specific energy loss, Froude numbers, and relative jump height. The data is then analyzed by plotting relationships between these parameters to observe trends in hydraulic jump behavior.

Uploaded by

siva ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT : - 5

EXPERIMENT Study of hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel

THEORY

For the open channel flow in a horizontal rectangular channel we define:

Q = flow rate

q = Q/b = flow rater per unit width

v, y = velocity and depth of flow, respectively

E = specific energy = y + v2/2g

F = Froude number =  (v2/gy)

yc = critical depth of flow

When the flow changes from supercritical (F > 1) to subcritical (F < 1) hydraulic jump takes place.
As a result, the depth of flow changes from y1 (< yc) to y2 (> yc); y1 and y2 are called the sequent
depths occurring at the same specific force. Considerable losses occur during the process. The
following expressions are applicable to rectangular channel where section 1 is prior to jump and
section 2 is after the jump (Figure OC3.1).

y1 = - (y2/2) + (y22 /4) + (2q2 /gy2)

or y1 /y2 = ½-1 + (1+8F22)

Figure (OC3.1)- Hydraulic jump

EXPERIMENT-7 1
Energy loss between sections 1 and 2 is given by,

E = E1-E2 = (Y2-Y1)3/ (4Y1Y2)

Efficiency of the jump = E2/E1

Relative height of jump = hj/E1

Where, the height of the jump hj = Y2-Y1

Specific force, P = ½ y2 + q2 / (gy)

OBJECTIVE

To study the hydraulic jump characteristics in a rectangular horizontal channel.

APPARATUS

Rectangular channel, sluice gate, adjustable downstream control weir, velocity and depth
measuring devices, measuring tank, stop watch, scale.

PROCEDURE

1. Adjust the flume to make it horizontal. Properly insert the sluice gate on upstream
side and start the flow.

2. Measure the channel width b. Allow the water supply and adjust the inflow control
valve and the downstream tailgate so that the required jump profile is obtained in the
middle of the section.

3. Allow the flow to steady. Measure the depths y1 and y2 before and after the jump and
depth y0 upstream of sluice gate.

4. Measure velocities v1 and v2 before and after the jump.

5. Collect the outflow over a time interval t to obtain the flow rate Q through the channel.

6. Measure the length of the jump Lj.

7. Repeat the procedure from step 3 onwards changing the flow rate Q.

DATA SHEET
EXPERIMENT-7 2
Width of the channel, b=………………

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

Reading number ………………

Q=………………

q=………………

E 1 =… … … … … …

E 2 =… … … … … …

E =… … … … … …

F1=… … … … … …

F 2 =… … … … … …

EXPERIMENT-7 3
OBSERVATIONS

Table 1

Exp. No. y1 Y2 hj Lj hi hf t Q q V1 V2

hi and hf are the initial and final levels of water in the measuring tank.

OBSERVATIONS (continued)

Table 2

EXPERIMENT-7 4
Exp. No. y2/y1 F1 F2 E1 E2 hj/E1 ∆E ∆E/E1

EXPERIMENT-7 5
ASSIGNMENT

1. Plot y2/y1 vs. F1

EXPERIMENT-7 6
ASSIGNMENT (continued)

2. Plot hj /E1 vs. F1 .Determine maximum relative height of the jump

EXPERIMENT-7 7
ASSIGNMENT (continued)

3. Plot E/E1 vs. F1

DISCUSSION
EXPERIMENT-7 8
EXPERIMENT-7 9

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