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    EXP 4 Determination of Orifice Constants

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    siva ram
    This document describes an experiment to determine the orifice constants for a horizontal jet of water flowing through an orifice. Water is supplied to a tank and allowed to reach a steady flow state through the orifice. Measurements are then taken of the jet trajectory and diameter at the vena contracta to calculate the velocity coefficient. Water collected over a measured time period is used to determine the actual discharge and discharge coefficient. Repeating the experiment for different orifice shapes allows determining the orifice constants of contraction, velocity, and discharge.

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    EXP 4 Determination of Orifice Constants

    Uploaded by

    siva ram
    19 views6 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the orifice constants for a horizontal jet of water flowing through an orifice. Water is supplied to a tank and allowed to reach a steady flow state through the orifice. Measurements are then taken of the jet trajectory and diameter at the vena contracta to calculate the velocity coefficient. Water collected over a measured time period is used to determine the actual discharge and discharge coefficient. Repeating the experiment for different orifice shapes allows determining the orifice constants of contraction, velocity, and discharge.

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    EXP 4 Determination of Orifice Constants

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the orifice constants for a horizontal jet of water flowing through an orifice. Water is supplied to a tank and allowed to reach a steady flow state through the orifice. Measurements are then taken of the jet trajectory and diameter at the vena contracta to calculate the velocity coefficient. Water collected over a measured time period is used to determine the actual discharge and discharge coefficient. Repeating the experiment for different orifice shapes allows determining the orifice constants of contraction, velocity, and discharge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    19 views6 pages

    EXP 4 Determination of Orifice Constants

    Uploaded by

    siva ram
    This document describes an experiment to determine the orifice constants for a horizontal jet of water flowing through an orifice. Water is supplied to a tank and allowed to reach a steady flow state through the orifice. Measurements are then taken of the jet trajectory and diameter at the vena contracta to calculate the velocity coefficient. Water collected over a measured time period is used to determine the actual discharge and discharge coefficient. Repeating the experiment for different orifice shapes allows determining the orifice constants of contraction, velocity, and discharge.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    EXPERIMENT : - 4

    EXPERIMENT Determination of orifice constants for orifice discharging horizontal jet

    THEORY

    An orifice is a hole in the side (or bottom) of a tank which allows the liquid to flow through it under
    a head H. The velocity

    v= [ 2gH ] … … … … (1)

    Theoretical discharge Q t = a 0 [ 2gH ] - - - - - - - - ( 2 )

    Where a0 is the cross section area of the orifice.

    Now due to contraction of the jet at vena contracta the area of flow at vena contracta is a c which

    is less than a 0 and the velocity of jet is also less than the theoretical value due to friction .

    cc = a c / a 0 - - - - - - - ( 3)
    Co-efficient of contraction

    c v = va / v t - - - - - - - (4)
    Co-efficient of velocity

    cd = Q a / Q t = cc c v - - - - - -(5)
    Co-efficient of discharge

    The actual discharge through the orifice is

    Qa = cd a 0 [ 2 gH ] … … … … (6)

    H
    c
    d0
    VENA
    c CONTRACTA

    Figure
    FM2.1 Small Orifice

    EXPERIMET-6 1

    c
    For a sharp edged orifice the theoretical value of c c is 0.611

    Trajectory method

    If a constant water level is maintained in the tank the jet coming out of the orifice reaches steady
    state. At this stage the x and y coordinates of a point with vena contracta as origin are measured
    from which

    c v = ( x 2 / 4yH )
    1/ 2
    … … … … (7)

    Actual velocity va can also be measured by pitot tube.


    c
    To calculate cd actual discharge is measured over a time in the measuring tank. Once cd and cv are
    known cc can be calculated. Also, the jet diameter at vena contrata can be measured directly.

    OBJECTIVE

    To determine orifice constants cc, cd , cv .

    APPARATUS

    Stop watch, scale, measuring tank, traveling gage.

    PROCEDURE

    1. Note down the diameter of the orifice.

    2. Start water supply to tank.

    3. Allow the steady state of flow as indicated by constant value of head H in tank with
    centre line of orifice taken as datum.

    4. Record H.

    5. Measure the diameter of jet at vena contracta.

    6. Take several readings for dimensions x and y along the trajectory of jet (about 3-4
    points).

    7. Collect the water in measuring tank over a time interval t to obtain flow rate Q.

    8. Change the flow step 3 onwards several times.

    9. The complete procedure may be repeated for other shapes of orifice (triangular,
    rectangular, etc.)

    EXPERIMET-6 2
    DATA SHEET
    Orifice shape:

    Orifice dimensions:

    Area A = ……………………………..

    Orifice tank Diameter = …………………………….

    Area = …………………………….

    Temperature of water = …………………………….

    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

    Reading number = ………………….

    Qa =

    Qt =

    cv = 0.55 / slope of x vs y

    cd =

    cc = cd / cv =

    = ac / a 0 =

    EXPERIMET-6 3
    Diameter of orifice: Area (a0):

    TABLE 1

    Expt H hi hf h t x y dc
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    ASSIGNMENT

    1. Plot x versus y and calculate cv from it

    EXPERIMET-6 4
    Remarks:

    2. Plot Q vs H to show whether cd is constant over the range of the experiment

    EXPERIMET-6 5
    Remarks:

    DISCUSSION

    EXPERIMET-6 6

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