SQL CAST and CONVERT

It converts an expression from one data type to another.

CAST and CONVERT have similar functionality.

SQL CAST and CONVERT Syntax

Using CAST:
CAST ( expression AS data_type )

Using CONVERT:
CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )

Example of SQL Cast and Convert

SQL Cast and Convert - Date Time

-Converting date time to character data(vachar)
-The default values (style 0 or 100, 9 or 109, 13 or 113, 20 or 120, and 21 or 121) always
return the Without century year(yy).
-Add 100 to a style value to get a four-place year that includes the century year(yyyy).
-Below is example for converting 1 format of date time to different format of date time, so that
it can be use in various condition.

Value of current Date Time GETDATE()

SELECT (GETDATE()) = 2007-06-06 23:41:10.153

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),0)
Return Value = Jun 6 2007 11:07PM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),100)
Return Value = Jun 6 2007 11:07PM

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),1)
Return Value = 06/06/07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),101)
Return Value = 06/06/2007

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),2)
Return Value = 07.06.06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),102)
Return Value = 2007.06.06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),3)
Return Value = 06/06/07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),103)
Return Value = 06/06/2007
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),4)
Return Value = 06.06.07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),104)
Return Value = 06.06.2007
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),5)
Return Value = 06-06-07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),105)
Return Value = 06-06-2007

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),6)
Return Value = 06 Jun 07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),106)
Return Value = 06 Jun 2007

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),7)
Return Value = Jun 06, 07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),107)
Return Value = Jun 06, 2007

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),8)
Return Value = 23:38:49
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),108)
Return Value = 23:38:49

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),9)
Return Value = Jun 6 2007 11:39:17:060PM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),109)
Return Value = Jun 6 2007 11:39:17:060PM

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),10)
Return Value = 06-06-07
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),110)
Return Value = 06-06-2007

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),11)
Return Value = 07/06/06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),111)
Return Value = 2007/06/06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),12)
Return Value = 070606
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),112)
Return Value = 20070606

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),13)
Return Value = 06 Jun 2007 23:40:14:577
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),113)
Return Value = 06 Jun 2007 23:40:14:577
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),14)
Return Value = 23:40:29:717
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),114)
Return Value = 23:40:29:717

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),20)
Return Value = 2007-06-06 23:40:51
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),120)
Return Value = 2007-06-06 23:40:51

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),21)
Return Value = 2007-06-06 23:41:10.153
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),121)
Return Value = 2007-06-06 23:41:10.153

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),126)
Return Value = 2007-06-06T23:41:10.153

SELECT CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),131)
Return Value = 21/05/1428 11:41:10:153PM
SQL CASE Function

SQL Case evaluates a list of conditions and returns one possible result expressions.
CASE has two formats:
1. Simple CASE Function - Compares an expression to determine the result.
2. Searched CASE Function - Evaluates a set of Boolean expressions to determine
the result.

CASE Syntax
1. Simple CASE function:
CASE input_expression
WHEN when_expression THEN Result
ELSE result_expression
END

2. Searched CASE function:

CASE
WHEN Boolean_expression THEN Result
ELSE result_expression
END

1. Simple CASE Function

Evaluates input_expression and find the match with when_expression. If found, it
will return the Result and if not found, it will return the ELSE result_expression if an
ELSE clause is specified, or a NULL value if no ELSE clause is specified.

DECLARE @Type varchar(20)

SET @Type = 'Programming'

SELECT
CASE @Type
WHEN 'Sql' THEN 'sqltutorials.blogspot.com'
WHEN 'Programming' THEN 'programmingschools.blogspot.com'
WHEN 'Travel' THEN 'travelyourself.blogspot.com'
ELSE 'Not yet categorized'
END

Value = programmingschools.blogspot.com
If SET @Type = 'Picture', then Return value = Not yet categorized
2.Searched CASE Function
Evaluates Boolean_expression for each WHEN clause and returns result_expression
of the first Boolean_expression that evaluates to TRUE.
If no Boolean_expression evaluates to TRUE, SQL Server returns the ELSE
result_expression if an ELSE clause is specified, or a NULL value if no ELSE clause is
specified.

DECLARE @Price integer

SET @Price = (20-9)

SELECT
CASE
WHEN @Price IS NULL THEN 'Not yet priced'
WHEN @Price < color="#ff0000">THEN 'Very Reasonable Price'
WHEN @Price >= 10 AND @Price < color="#ff0000">THEN 'Reasonable Price'
ELSE 'Expensive book!'
END
Value = Reasonable Price

If SET @Price = (30-1), then return Value = Expensive book!

SQL DATEDIFF Function

Returns the number of date and time boundaries crossed between two dates
SQL DATEDIFF Syntax = DATEDIFF ( DatePart , StartDate , EndDate )

DECLARE @StartDate DATETIME

DECLARE @EndDate DATETIME
SET @StartDate ='2007-06-05'
SET @EndDate ='2007-08-05'

SELECT DATEDIFF(Year, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate

Return Value = 0 Year

SELECT DATEDIFF(quarter, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate

Return Value = 1 quarter

SELECT DATEDIFF(Month, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2 Month

SELECT DATEDIFF(dayofyear,@StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate

Return Value = 61 day

SELECT DATEDIFF(Day, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate

Return Value = 61 Day

SELECT DATEDIFF(Week, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate Return Value = 9 Week

SELECT DATEDIFF(Hour, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate Return Value = 1464 Hour

SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate Return Value = 87840 minute

SELECT DATEDIFF(second, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate Return Value = 5270400 second

DECLARE @StartDate DATETIME

DECLARE @EndDate DATETIME
SET @StartDate ='2007-06-05'
SET @EndDate ='2007-06-06'
SELECT DATEDIFF(millisecond, @StartDate, @EndDate) AS NewDate
Return Value = 86400000 millisecond

SQL DATEADD Function

Returns a new datetime value based on adding an interval to the specified date.
SQL DATEADD Syntax
DATEADD ( datepart , number, date )

DECLARE @DateNow DATETIME

SET @DateNow='2007-06-04'
SELECT DATEADD(Year, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate
Return Value = 2010-06-04 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(quarter, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2008-03-04 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(Month, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-09-04 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(dayofyear,3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-07 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(Day, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-07 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(Week, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-25 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(Hour, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-04 03:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(minute, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-04 00:03:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(second, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate

Return Value = 2007-06-04 00:00:03.000
SELECT DATEADD(millisecond, 3, @DateNow) AS NewDate
Return Value = 2007-06-04 00:00:00.003