UGS Advanced Excercise
UGS Advanced Excercise
UGS Advanced Excercise
The purpose of these exercises is to use ETAP to model and examine the adequacy of an
existing underground raceway design. Then propose a number of options for correction of
deficiencies found in the design.
In these exercises you will model cross sections A, B, and C and determine the worst case
scenario. Then using the ETAP calculation modules, you will investigate possible solutions for
the problems found.
Cross section C: Direct buried conduits, direct buried cables, and a heat source
Objectives:
Obtain cable loading from load flow calculation results
Add existing and new cables to underground raceway systems
Add existing and new directly buried cables
Understand the relationship between multiple UGS presentations
Performing steady state temperature calculations to determine the worst case scenario
2. Select the OLV1 presentation. Go to the Loading page of the following cable editors and
record the existing Operating Loads.
Cable 22 =
Cable 23 =
Cable 24 =
3. To update the Operating Loads based on the Load Flow Analysis results go to the Load
Flow Study Case editor and check the Update Cable Load Ampacity option.
Then check the Operating Loads of the same cables and record them.
Cable 22 =
Cable 23 =
Cable 24 =
Cond6 includes Cable26 with the following specifications. This cable is not part of the
one-line diagram.
Cable 26 requirements:
5. Perform Steady State Temperature calculations and record all cable loading and
temperatures in Table 1.
6. Based on the calculation results are the cable sizes, ampacity, and temperatures adequate?
Describe your findings.
Route the existing Cable22 and Cable23 in Section A, in Loc1 and Loc2.
Loc3 includes Cable5 with the following specifications. This cable is not part of the one-line
diagram.
Cable5 requirements:
Cable6 requirements:
8. Perform Steady State Temperature calculations and record all cable loading and
temperatures in Table 1.
9. Are the cable sizes, ampacity, and temperatures adequate? Describe your findings.
Notes:
The same cables and conduits in the Cross Section A are buried in the Cross Section C.
What is the easiest method to simulate Section A Buried?
11. Perform Steady State Temperature calculations and record all cable loading and
temperatures in Table 1.
12. Are the cable sizes, ampacity, and temperatures adequate? Describe your findings.
13. For Cable24, the operating load is 158.2 A. What is operating load per each conductor?
14. Which cross section presents the worst case scenario and therefore should be considered
for cable temperature calculations?
15. Activate the Cross Section-B UGS presentations. Go to the direct buried editor and change
the width from 30 to 40. Note the error message and explain the problem.
16. Additional Exercise – Use one revision to manually adjust the load amps of the overheated
cables and determine the appropriate load current.
Objectives:
Understand the two ETAP Ampacity Calculation Methods
Determine the optimal cable ampacities for given cables
Use the ampacity calculation results for cable loading evaluation in the load flow analysis
Determine the optimal ampacity of cables with a number of cables with fixed ampacities
Open the UGS Project-2 project. Run Steady State Temperature calculations for the
presentations titled Cross Section-C. Temperatures for a number of cables exceed the alarm
temperature of 90C. Let’s consider various feasible options for reducing cable temperature in
the Cross Section C:
1. What is the optimal ampacity of cables, should the maximum temperature of cables do not
exceed the Alarm Temperature? Record your findings in Table 2.
2. From the Cable Ampacity Study Case Editor, check the “Update
Currents from Ampacity Ca.” option and run Uniform Ampacity
Calculations.
3. Verify that the Allowable Ampacity is updated for the existing cables in the one-line diagram
and record them in the table below. The Allowable Ampacity field is located in the Cable
Editor, Ampacity Page.
4. Select the “UGS Calculated” option from the Ampacity Page of the cable editors for all the
existing UGS cables and run Load Flow.
5. Check the “Branch Loading” output report and verify that cable loadings are not exceeded.
6. What is the optimal ampacity of cables, if loading of Cable22, Cable23, and Cable24 should
stay fixed? Record your findings in Table 2.
Uniform Uniform
Loading Fixed
Cable ID Size Ampacity Ampacity
(Amp) Current
(Amp) (Amp)
Cable24-1A 4/0 F
Cable24-1B 4/0 F
Cable24-1C 4/0 F
Cable24-2A 4/0 F
Cable24-2B 4/0 F
Cable24-2C 4/0 F
Cable26-1C 2
Cable26-1B 2
Cable26-1A 2
Cable22-1A 4/0 F
Cable22-1B 4/0 F
Cable22-1C 4/0 F
Cable23-1A 4/0 F
Cable23-1B 4/0 F
Cable23-1C 4/0 F
Cable5-1A 250
Cable5-1B 250
Cable5-1C 250
Cable5-2A 250
Cable5-2B 250
Cable5-2C 250
Cable6 250
Objectives:
Determine the optimal cable sizes for the given ampacities
Determine the optimal cable sizes for the given ampacities and fixed cable sizes
7. If reduction of cable loading is not an option, size the cables so that the maximum cable
temperature remains below the alert temperature? Record your findings in Table 3.
8. What are the optimal cable sizes, if replacing Cable22, Cable23, and Cable24 is not an
option? Record your findings in Table 3.
9. From the Study Case Editor, select “Size from Cable Sizing Calc.” and run Cable Sizing.
Verify that calculated cable sizes are updated for all applicable UGS presentations.
Cable Sizing
Loading Cable Sizing Fixed
Cable ID Size Results
(Amp) Results Sizes
With Fixed Sizes
Cable24-1A 4/0 79.08 F
Cable24-1B 4/0 79.08 F
Cable24-1C 4/0 79.08 F
Cable24-2A 4/0 79.08 F
Cable24-2B 4/0 79.08 F
Cable24-2C 4/0 79.08 F
Cable26-1C 2 100.00
Cable26-1B 2 100.00
Cable26-1A 2 100.00
Objectives:
Enter load profiles for cables
Perform Transient Temperature Calculations and study the plots and output reports
5. View the temperature plot for all cables. What is the temperature for all cables?
7. Run Transient Temperature Calculation, view the plots and comment on results.
Objectives:
Perform uniform temperature calculations
Compare the results with steady state calculation loading and temperature.
8. Run uniform temperature calculations and determine ampacity of cables for the condition
that all cables reach just below the alarm temperature.
Record the results in Table 4 and compare the cable ampacity with operating current used
in steady state calculations.
According to IEC 60287-2-1, section 2.2.7.3, formulas for external thermal resistance of the
duct are only valid for Y/X ratios less than 3; where the X and Y quantities are the shorter and
longer dimensions of the duct bank cross section, respectively.
Modeling of DC Cables
A DC cable is handled in a similar way to that of an AC cable in cable derating calculations.
However, since the current flowing through and the voltage applied on a DC cable are DC
current and voltage, the losses in an AC cable due to AC current nature do not apply to a DC
cable. These losses include loss due to conductor proximity and skin effect, losses in shield,
sheath, and armor layer, loss in a steel conduit, and cable die-electric loss. For a DC cable, all
these losses are equal to zero.