International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System

IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

An Analysis of 80KW Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Power

Plant at St.Peter’s Engineering College

Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar Sudha Kumari Jha S.Maneendra

Dept.of EEE Vice-Chancellor Dean (ACAD) Dept. of EEE
St.Peter’s Engineering College KK University, VMSU, St.Peter’s Engg.College
Hyderabad., INDIA Bihar, INDIA East Sikkim, INDIA Hyderabad,INDIA

Abstract— In grid connected rooftop solar PV system, are needed in off-grid plants. Batteries require
available rooftop area on buildings is used for setting up replacement once in every 3-5 years in off-grid.
solar power plant and DC power generated from solar In Grid connected solar rooftop power plant, the DC
photovoltaic (SPV) cells is converted to AC power by power generated from solar photovoltaic (SPV) panel
solar grid inverter and is fed to the grid during day time.
is converted to AC power using solar grid inverter
In night when solar power is not sufficient, loads are
served by drawing power from grid. In this paper, real and is fed to the grid either of 11KV lines or of
time monitoring of 80KW solar photovoltaic roof top grid 400/230V, three / single phase lines and if any
connected power plant at St.Peter’s Engineering College, shortfall of solar energy is imported from grid[1]. A
Hyderabad city is carried out. The real time meter schematic diagram of a grid connected solar rooftop
readings on import side and export side of energy are photovoltaic power plant is shown in Fig.1 [10].
recorded. The annual average solar radiation at
St.Peter’s Engineering College is 5.67 kWh/m2/day. The
real time energy output of PV array on daily and hourly
basis and energy injected to grid are monitored. The
energy output and effect of losses is taken into account by
simulating 80KW grid connected PV system with PV Syst
and recommended the suggestions to improve energy
output of PV module.
Keywords— Solar rooftop; Peak demand; Energy
output; solar radiation; Inverter efficiency.

I. INTRODUCTION
Fig1. A Schematic diagram of a Grid connected
St.Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad is located Solar Roof Top Photo Voltaic Power Plant.
at latitude of 17.35 0N and longitude of 78.45 0E and
at an elevation of 505m from sea level. [3].
Electric utilities are finding it difficult to meet rise in III. SOLAR PANEL CHARACTERSTICS
peak demand and as a result, most of cities and towns The typical I-V curve and P-V curve for a solar
are facing severe electricity shortages. It is proposed panel are shown in fig.2 [7]
to achieve a minimum of 3000MW’s of grid
connected rooftop solar power plants in Telangana
state by 2018.

II. ON - GRID SOLAR ROOF TOP POWER

PLANTS
Solar Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight energy to
DC current through a photovoltaic process. The solar Fig.2. P-V and I-V curve of a solar cell at a
PV systems may be: off-grid and on-grid. Batteries particular temperature & irradiation

415 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

In the above figure, the Knee point is called Other components of solar rooftop power plant are
“maximum power point” (MPP). In the curve, Isc is cables, junction boxes, fuses etc. The expected life
the solar panel circuit current in short circuit of solar PV plant is 25 years.
condition & Voc is the solar panel circuit voltage
under open circuit condition. V PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PV SYSTEM
IMP and VMP are those of tracking point for maximum A. Inverter efficiency
current and maximum voltage respectively and can The inverter efficiency appropriately called as
be track by MPPT system. Thus, the multiplication conversion efficiency is given by the ratio of AC
of both IMP and VMP gives the condition of maximum power generated by the inverter to the DC power
power for solar module as generated by the PV array system [5]. The
PMAX = VMP * IMP watt instantaneous inverter efficiency is given by,
η
inv,T= PAC / PDC
IV COMPONENTS OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM B.System efficiency
A Grid-connected solar PV system consists of The instantaneous daily system efficiency is given as
following main components: PV module efficiency multiplied by inverter
A. Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and PV module efficiency.
η
standards sys, T = ηPV, T * ηinv,T
Solar Photovoltaic modules are mounted on the roof C. Energy output or energy fed to utility grid
of any buildings and convert sunlight energy into The energy generated by the PV system is the
direct current. Photovoltaic modules are formed with measure of energy across the inverter output
an array to get required voltage and current [8]. terminals for every minute. It is defined as the total
The PV modules must conform to the latest edition daily monitored value of AC power output and the
of any of the following IEC /equivalent BIS monthly AC energy generated [9].
Standards for PV module design qualification and
type approval: Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial PV VI REAL TIME SYSTEM DESIGN
Modules IEC 61215 / IS14286, Thin Film Terrestrial The main target is to design and install 80KW solar
PV Modules IEC 61646 / Equivalent IS (Under rooftop solar power plant.
Dev.), Concentrator PV Modules & Assemblies IEC A. Key facts of solar rooftop power plant
62108. Plant capacity in KWp : 80KWp Rooftop Solar power plant
In addition, the modules must conform to IEC61730 PV Technology/Module: Polycrystalline modules
Part 1-requirements for construction & Part 2 – Power conditioning unit: 80 KVA (30+30+20)
requirements for testing, for safety qualification or Power evacuation : 400/230V, three/single-phase, 50HZ
Equivalent IS (Under Dev.) A typical Design of 80KW Solar Roof Top Power
PV modules to be used in a highly corrosive Plant of St.Peter’s Engineering, Hyderabad city is
atmosphere (coastal areas, etc.) must qualify Salt shown in Fig 3.
Mist Corrosion Testing as per IEC 61701 / IS
61701[11]
B. Solar PV array support structure
Solar PV array support structure consists of
galvanized steel structures secure the solar PV
modules on the roof of any buildings.
C. Solar grid inverter
Solar grid inverter tied PV systems consist
of solar panels and a grid-tie inverter, with no
batteries. The solar panels feed a
special inverter know as Solar grid inverter which
converts the DC voltage coming from Fig.3 A typical Design of 80KW Roof top solar
the solar panels directly into AC power to match power plant at St.Peter’s Engineering College,
the grid[6]. Hyderabad.
D. Balance of system

416 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

Actual on-site 80KW Solar Roof Top Power Plant of Fig.5 Actual onsite of 80KW solar roof top PV
St.Peter’s Engineering, Hyderabad city is shown in modules at St.Peter’s Engineering College,
Fig 4. Hyderabad City
The PV module parameters and ratings are given in
Table 1 and more specifications of PV module and
dimension [2] are given in Table 2.

Table1. PV module parameters and ratings

Electrical Characteristics
Rated Maximum power (Pmax) 315Wp
Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 38.33 V
Fig .4 Actual onsite of 80KW solar roof top plant at
St.Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad City Maximum power current (Imp) 8.22A
B. System capacity based on rooftop area Open circuit voltage (Voc) 46.04V
Total Power output = Total area x Solar irradiance x
Conversion efficiency Short circuit current (Isc) 8.85A
80000 = Total area x 1000 Watts/m2 x 0.1641
Total area required for 8KWp = 487 Sq.m = 5245 Module efficiency 16.41%
sq.feet
The rooftop area required to install 80KWp is around Operating temperature 45°C
5250 sq.feet.
C. Number of PV panels for the system
Divide the total watt-hours per day needed from PV Table 2. PV module specifications and dimension
panels by the rated output watt-peak of PV modules. Specifications and Dimensions of PV module
Capacity of each module: 315Wp Solar cells Poly crystalline solar
Number of PV panels or modules required = cells
80000Wp / 315WP = 254
Solar cell size 156 mmx156 mm(6 inx6
Number of strings as per system Design = 16
in)
Numbers
Number of solar panels in each string = 16 Number of cells(pieces) 72 (6x12)
The maximum power of this module is 315Wp; Module dimensions 1956 mm x992 mm x40
hence it requires nearly 256 modules to design mm
80KW PV system. The selected PV is manufactured Weight 27 kg
by Vikram Solar and onsite arrangement of solar PV
modules at St.Peter’s Engineering College, Front glass 4 mm tempered glass
Hyderabad City is shown in Fig 5. Frame Anodized aluminum
alloy
Protection degree IP 65
High efficiency 16.41%
Grid connection ON/OFF grid

D. Solar Grid Inverter rating

The solar array PV capacity is 80KW. The solar grid
inverter requires will be in range of 76KW to 88KW.
In solar grid connected plant, input rating of inverter
should be same as PV array rating [4]. For this
system, solar grid inverter used is 80KVA

417 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

(30KVA+30KVA+20KVA) of Shenzhen Growatt Capacity of Distribution Transformer: 250KVA

New Energy Technology Co.Ltd. Make is shown in The rating of SRTPV capacity = 80KWp
Fig 6.
Total generating capacity in KWp = 80KWp

F. Feeder rating
The details of feeder are summarized as follows:
Name of 11KV Feeder: St.Peter’s Engineering
College, Hyderabad city.
Feeder Number: CF
Name of 66 / 11 KV substation: Kompally,
Hyderabad city
Type of conductor / cable (Size): Rabbit
G. Meter specifications
The meter specifications are given below:
Meter Make: Secure meters Ltd.
Model No: Premier 300 Type E3M024, 3-phase, 4-
wire
Fig.6 Actual onsite 80KVA solar grid inverter at Meter Number (RR Number): RRN1458
St.Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad City
Tariff: LT – 2
The inverter parameters are given in Table 3
Sanctioned Load: 100 KW
Table 3. Inverter parameters
Inverter specifications for 30KWp Inverter
VII REAL TIME TEST RESULTS
Model Name Growatt 30000TL3-SE
A. Meter output readings on Import and Export side
Maximum DC voltage 1000 d.c. V
The meter readings of energy meters on 03.03.2018
Maximum input current 2*34 d.c. A are given in Table 4.
Maximum apparent 33000VA Table 4 Meter reading on Import and Export side on
power 03.03.2018
Nominal output current 3*34 a.c. A Date &
Time
Import side Export side

Nominal output voltage 230V/400 a.c. V

03-03-2018 KWh KVAh KVArh KVA KWh KVAh KVArh KVA
Inverter specifications for 20KWp Inverter
Model Name Growatt 20000UE 9:00am 3474.6 3574.5 412.6 17.94 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

Maximum DC voltage 1000 d.c. V

Maximum input current 26/26 d.c. A 10:00am 3479.6 3579.6 413.4 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

Maximum apparent 20800VA 11:00am 3483.2 3583.3 414.0 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

power 12:00pm 3489.2 3589.5 415.6 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

Nominal output current 32 a.c. A 1:00pm 3499.2 3599.8 418.0 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

Nominal output voltage 230V/400 a.c. V 2:00pm 3507.3 3608.1 419.8 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

3:00pm 3515.7 3616.6 420.7 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

E. Distribution Transformer rating

4:00pm 3526.8 3627.8 421.8 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60
The details of distribution transformer used in this
Analysis is summarized as follows: 5:00pm 3534.1 3635.0 422.2 17.9 2243.4 2367.7 115.5 14.60

Location of Distributing Transformer: St.peter’s

Engineering College, Hyderabad city

418 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

The import and export meter readings of energy The energy output of First 30KVA inverter at
meters on 03.03.2018 are given in in Fig. 7 1:00PM on 03.03.2018 is 87 KWh, second 30KVA
inverter is 87 KWh and 20KVA inverter is 57 KWh.
4000
The total output energy from 80KW PV Plant on
3000
03.03.2018 at 1:00 pm is 231KWh.
2000
1000 Import The energy output of three inverters on 03.03.2018
0 Export
are given in Fig. 8
1:00pm
2:00pm
3:00pm
4:00pm
5:00pm
9:00am

12:00pm
10:00am
11:00am

350
300
250
200 30KVA-I
Fig.7 The import and export meter readings of 150
energy meters in KWh on 03.03.2018 30KVA-II
100
The energy at the import side on 03/03/18 at 50 20KVA
9:00AM is 3479.6KWh & export side is 2243.4KWh 0
80KVA

1:00pm
2:00pm
3:00pm
4:00pm
9:00am

12:00pm
10:00am
11:00am
so the energy injected into grid is 2243.4 KWh.
The energy at the import side on 03/03/18 at 1:00PM
is 3499.2KWh & export side is 2243.4KWh so the
energy injected into grid is 2243.4 KWh.
The Energy output of three inverters from the actual Fig.8 The energy output of three inverters on
site of 80KW solar roof top plant at St.Peter’s 03.03.2018
Engineering College, Hyderabad on 03.03.2018 as
The meter readings of energy meters on 05.03.2018
shown in Table. 5
are given in Table 6.
Table5. Energy output of Inverters on 03.03.2018
Table 6 Meter reading on Import and Export side on
05.03.2018
Date & Energy Energy Energy Total
Time output output output Energy Date & Import side Export side

03-03- of 30 of 30 of 20 output Time

2018 KVA KVA KVA of 80 05-03- KWh KVAh KVArh KVA KWh KVAh KVArh KVA
Inverter Inverte Inverte KVA 2018

in KWh r in r in Inverte
KWh KWh r in
3613.2 3715.3 424.5 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60
KWh 9:00am
9:00am 13 12 9 35
10:00am 21 20 13 54
10:00am 3621.7 3723.1 426.5 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60
11:00am 40 39 26 105 11:00am 3625.8 3727.5 428.1 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60

12:00pm 52 52 34 138 12:00pm 3636.9 3739.3 432.0 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60
1:00pm 87 87 57 231
1:00pm 3645.7 3748.4 434.7 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60
2:00pm 93 93 61 247
3:00pm 113 112 74 299 2:00pm 3651.4 3754.5 436.6 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60

4:00pm 118 118 78 314

3:00pm 3669.9 3773.6 441.4 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60

The energy output of First 30KVA inverter at

9:00AM on 03.03.2018 is 13KWh, second 30KVA
4:00pm 3682.5 3786.5 443.8 17.94 2302.5 2428.6 115.5 14.60
inverter is 12KWh and 20KVA inverter is 9KWh.
The total output energy from 80KW PV Plant on
03.03.2018 at 9:00 am is 35KWh.

419 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

The import and export meter readings of energy The energy output of three inverters on 05.03.2018
meters on 05.03.2018 are given in in Fig. 9 are given in Fig.10
4000
3000 350
300
2000 250
Import
1000 200 30KVA-I
Export 150
0 30KVA-II
100
1:00pm
2:00pm
3:00pm
4:00pm
9:00am

12:00pm
10:00am
11:00am

20KVA
50
0 80KVA

Fig.9 The import and export meter readings of

energy meters in KWh on 05.03.2018
The energy at the import side on 05/03/18 at Fig.10 The energy output of three inverters on
9:00AM is 3613.2KWh & export side is 2302.5KWh 05.03.2018
so the energy injected into grid is 2302.5 KWh.
The energy at the import side on 05/03/18 at 1:00PM
The energy output of First 30KVA inverter at
is 3645.7KWh & export side is 2302.5 KWh so the
9:00AM on 05.03.2018 is 26 KWh, second 30KVA
energy injected into grid is 2302.5 KWh.
inverter is 26KWh and 20KVA inverter is 18KWh.
The Energy output of three inverters from the actual The total output energy from 80KW PV Plant on
site of 80KW solar roof top plant at St.Peter’s 05.03.2018 at 9:00 am is 70 KWh.
Engineering College, Hyderabad on 05.03.2018 as
The energy output of First 30KVA inverter at
shown in Table.7
1:00PM on 05.03.2018 is 63 KWh, second 30KVA
Table7 Energy output of Inverters on 05.03.2018 inverter is 62 KWh and 20KVA inverter is 41 KWh.
The total output energy from 80KW PV Plant on
Date & Energy Energy Energy Total Energy 05.03.2018 at 1:00 pm is 166 KWh
Time output of output of output of 20 output of 80
30 KVA 30 KVA KVA KVA The day wise meter readings of import and export
05-03-
2018 Inverter in Inverter in Inverter in Inverter in Side energy meters for Jan & Feb, 2018 are given in
KWh KWh KWh KWh
Table 8.
26 26 18 70 Table 8 Meter reading on Import and Export side for
9:00 Jan & Feb, 2018
am
DATE IMPORT EXPOR IMPOR EXPOR
10:00am 34 33 22 89 (9AM)K T(9AM) T(4PM) T(4PM)
11:00am 38 37 25 100 Wh KWh KWh KWh
12:00pm 47 46 31 124 29-12-17 484.0 441.8 497.6 459.4
1:00 63 62 41 166 30-12-17 524.5 462.5 585.1 582.6
pm 2-1-18 644.5 644.4 687.9 654.7
2:00 101 101 66 268 3-1-18 703.8 657.7 705.0 662.4
pm
4-1-18 761.4 662.4 777.0 664.0
3:00 117 117 78 312
5-1-18 810.4 666.3 812.7 675.4
pm
6-1-18 854.0 673.3 855.9 698.2
4:00 120 119 80 319
pm 8-1-18 954.8 733.3 955.8 750.9
9-1-18 997.2 752.1 1004.4 758.4

420 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

10-1-18 1057.9 759.2 1058.5 775.6 The energy at the import side on 24/02/18 at
11-1-18 1094.9 777.8 1098.2 791.4 9:00AM is 2987.2KWh & export side is 2065.2
KWh so the energy injected into grid is 2065.2 KWh
18-1-18 1310.9 1132.9 1310.9 1159.1
The energy at the import side on 24/02/18 at 4:00PM
19-1-18 1345.3 1162.4 1345.6 1190.1
is 3045.5KWh & export side is 2065.2 KWh so the
20-1-18 1378.7 1192.4 1379.4 1222.4 energy injected into grid is 2065.2 KWh
22-1-18 1454.1 1298.0 1461.2 1300.3 VIII Energy Output and Effect of Losses using PV
23-1-18 1500.6 1302.2 1517.4 1305.4 Syst
24-1-18 1558.3 1306.4 1565.8 1314.9 The loss diagram over the whole year is obtained by
25-1-18 1605.2 1316.4 1605.8 1326.7 simulation 80KW grid connected PV Plant using PV
26-1-18 1649.1 1329.5 1649.3 1376.6
Syst Software as shown in Fig.11[12]
27-1-18 1683.1 1378.1 1683.6 1406.4
The horizontal global irradiation is 2021KWh/m2.
The IAM losses on global irradiation accounts for
29-1-18 1756.3 1483.7 1766.9 1486.2
3.1% so, the effective irradiance on collectors is
30-1-18 1809.6 1488.2 1818.8 1495.1 1975KWh/m2. The efficiency of PV module is
31-1-18 1864.1 1497.7 1865.3 1512.1 11.63%, the array nominal energy will be
01-2-18 1910.9 1515.5 1911.9 1540.9 157.9MWh. After deducting the PV losses due to
irradiance level is 4.1%, the PV losses due to
2-2-18 1942.8 1545.0 1942.0 1567.2
temperature is 14.9%, module quality loss is 2.7%,
03-2-18 1989.8 1569.0 1989.8 1603.7 the ohmic wiring loss is 1.1%, the array virtual
5-2-18 2067.4 1686.2 2068.9 1709.5 energy at MPP is 121.3MWh. After meeting of
6-2-18 2107.9 1712.2 2109.8 1738.8 inverter losses during operation of 4.8%, the
7-2-18 2148.4 1739.8 2164.9 1744.3 available energy at inverter output is 115.4MWh, so
the energy injected into grid is 115.4MWh/year.
8-2-18 2208.5 1744.8 2209.3 1775.2
9-2-18 2245.1 1777.1 2248.8 1795.6
12-02-18 2363.3 1859.1 2371.4 1369.4
14-2-18 2464.7 1925.0 2465.1 1938.6
15-2-18 2506.6 1940.3 2511.3 1948.8
16-02-18 2564.5 1950.4 2566.3 1960.6
17-02-18 2614.6 1962.9 2618.5 1972.1
19-02-18 2695.6 2045.1 2724.2 2049.5
20-02-18 2772.5 2050.6 2787.1 2052.4
21-02-18 2824.6 2053.1 2835.2 2056.0
22-02-18 2870.8 2056.7 2877.5 2062.2
23-02-18 2925.3 2063.3 2928.0 2065.2
24-02-18 2987.2 2065.2 3045.5 2065.2
26-02-18 3105.9 2150.0 3120.9 2177.1
27-02-18 3164.3 2178.0 3179.0 2179.8
28-02-18 3223.0 2181.3 3259.6 2181.4
The energy at the import side on 06/01/18 at
9:00AM is 854KWh & export side is 673.3KWh so
the energy injected into grid is 673.3 KWh.
The energy at the import side on 06/02/18 at
9:00AM is 2107.9KWh & export side is 1712.2
KWh so the energy injected into grid is 1712.2 KWh

421 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

Fig.11 The loss diagram over the whole year of The energy output of PV Plant depends on
80KW grid connected PV Plant irradiation, solar cell performance, PV losses and
also dust deposited on the solar panels. It is
recommended to clean solar panels daily to avoid
The balances and main results of 80KW grid
dust deposition on solar panels that reduces the
connected rooftop using PV syst is presented in
energy output of PV Panels.
Table 9.

The global horizontal irradiation is different for

different months in a year; it is maximum in the
Table 9. Balances and main results of 80KW using month of March and minimum in the month of
PV Syst November. The energy output of array is maximum
in the month of March and minimum in the month of
June. The energy injected into grid is maximum in
the month of March and minimum in the month of
June.
The real time meter readings on import side and
export side of energy are recorded. The annual
average solar radiation at St.Peter’s Engineering
College is 5.67 kWh/m2/day. The real time energy
output of PV array on daily and hourly basis and
energy injected to grid are monitored. The energy
output and effect of losses is taken into account by
simulating 80KW grid connected PV system with
PV Syst.
The global horizontal irradiation is different for
different months in a year, it is maximum in the
month of March i.e., 208 KWh/m2 and minimum in References
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5250 sft. We study how to establish a real time [5] R. Siddiqui, R. Kumar, G. K. Jha, and U.
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422 Jayanna Kanchikere, Kalyan Kumar, Sudha Kumari Jha, S.Maneendra

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 7, Issue 4
April 2018

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