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Example 7.6. Calculation of A Phospohote Solution Cooler

This document contains calculations for a phosphate solution cooler using a shell and tube heat exchanger. It includes: 1. Heat balance calculations to determine the mass flow rate of cooling water needed. 2. Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) calculations to determine the temperature difference across the exchanger. 3. Determination of inlet and outlet temperatures for the hot and cold streams. 4. Calculations of heat transfer area, fluid velocities, Reynolds numbers, and overall heat transfer coefficient to evaluate exchanger performance against design requirements.

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sigit permadi
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
181 views8 pages

Example 7.6. Calculation of A Phospohote Solution Cooler

This document contains calculations for a phosphate solution cooler using a shell and tube heat exchanger. It includes: 1. Heat balance calculations to determine the mass flow rate of cooling water needed. 2. Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) calculations to determine the temperature difference across the exchanger. 3. Determination of inlet and outlet temperatures for the hot and cold streams. 4. Calculations of heat transfer area, fluid velocities, Reynolds numbers, and overall heat transfer coefficient to evaluate exchanger performance against design requirements.

Uploaded by

sigit permadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Nama : Sigit Permadi

NPM : 1615041053
Mata Kuliah : Perancangan
Alat Proses

Example 7.6. Calculation of a phospohote solution cooler


20,160 lb/hr of a 30% K2PO4solution, specific gravity at 120oF = 1.30, is to be cooled from 150
to 90oF using well water from 68 to 90 oF. pressure drops of 10 psi are allowable on both streams,
and a total dirt factor of 0.002 is required.
Available for this service is a 10.02 in. ID 1-2 excchanger having 52 ¾ in OD, 16 BWG tube 15”0”
loug lain out 1-in square pitch. The bundle is arranged for to passes, and the baffles are spaced 2
in. apart. Will the exchanger be suitable.
Solution
Exchanger :
Shell side Tube
ID = 10.02 in Numer of length = 52, 16 “0”
Baffle space = 2 in OD, BWG, pitch = ¾ in, 16 BWG, 1
in.square
Passes = 1 Passes = 2

1) Heat balance
Spefic heat of phospahe = 0.19 Btu/(lb)(oF) . karena phosphate dalam larutanair yang terdiri
dari 30 % phosphate dan 70% phosphate maka = 0.3 × 0.19 + 0.7 × 1 = 0.757 Btu/(lb)(oF)
Specific heat of water = 1 Btu/(lb)(oF)

Maka :
Q(phosphate) = 20,160 × 0.757 × (150 − 90) = 915,000 Btu/hr
Diamana Q yang di transfer sam adnegan Q yang di terima , maka: Q(phosphate) = Q(water)
Q(water) = 915,000 Btu/hr , dan massa air yang digunakan ialah :
𝑄 915,000
𝑊 = 𝐶𝑝 ×∆𝑡 = 1 ×90−68 = 41,600 lb/hr

2)
Hot fluid condition Cold fluid Diff
150 Higher temp 90 60
90 Lower temp 68 22
60 differences 22 38
1 2 (𝑇 −𝑡 )−(𝑇2 −𝑡1 ) 𝛥𝑡 − 𝛥𝑡1
2 (150−90)−(90−68)
ΔT(LMTD) = ln (𝑇 = ln 𝛥𝑡 = ln (150−90)/(90−68) = 37.9oF (persamaan 5.14)
−𝑡 1 2 )/(𝑇2 −𝑡1) 2 /𝛥𝑡1

𝑇1 −𝑇2 150−90
𝑅= = = 2.73
𝑡2 −𝑡1 90−68

(𝑡2 −𝑡1 ) 90−68


𝑆= = 150−68 = 0.268
𝑇1 −𝑡1

Suhu ΔT(LMTD) dievaluasi dengan nilai FT dengan fig.18 pada appendix, Karena nilai
R=2.74 maka dilakukan interpolasi.

S R FT
2.68 2.6 0.876
2.68 2.74 x
2.68 3 0.735

2.6−2.74 0.876−𝑥 0.876−𝑥


= 𝑥−0.735 , 0.54 = 𝑥−0.735 ,
2.74−3
0.54𝑥 − 0.3969 = 0.876 − 𝑥
1.54x = 1.2729 , x = 0.82
Maka nilai FT = 0.82, sehingga nilai ΔT(LMTD) menjadi : (fig.18)
Δt = FT x ΔT(LMTD = 0.82 x 37.9 = 31.1 oF (persamaan 4.42)

3) Tc dan tc
150+90
Tc = = 120oF
2
90+68
Tc = = 79oF
2

Dengan aksen = shell side


Tanap akses = tube side

4) Dengan menggunakan tabel.10 maka didapat luas permukaan tube 𝑎𝑡′ = 0.302 in2
𝑡 𝑁 × 𝑎′
𝑡
𝑎𝑡 = 144 (tabel.10)
×𝑛
Dimana :
Nt = number of length = 52
𝑎𝑡′ = luas permukaan tube = 0.302 in2
n = nuber of passes = 2
52 × 0.302
𝑎𝑡 = = 0.0545 ft2
144 × 2

𝐼𝐷 ×𝐶 ′ ×𝐵
4') 𝑎𝑠 = , dengan : (persamaan 7.1)
144 ×𝑃𝑇
C’ = jarak antar tube (pitch tube – diameter tube) = 1-0.75 = 0.25
B = jarak antar baffles = 2
PT = pitch tube = 1
Maka :
10.02 ×0.25×2
𝑎𝑠 = = 0.0347 ft2
144 ×𝑎

𝑤 41,600
5) 𝐺𝑡 = 𝑎 = = 762,000 lb/(hr)(ft2)
𝑡 0.00545
𝐺
𝑉 = 3600𝑡 ×𝜌 , ρ(air) = 1000 kg/m3 atau 62.5 lb/ft3
762,000
𝑉 = 3600 ×62.5 = 3.40 fps

𝑤 21,160
5') 𝐺𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 578,000 lb/(hr)(ft2)
𝑠 0.0347

6) At tc = 790F, dari fig. 14 maka didapat viskositas air pada suhu 790F (tabel.14)
𝜇 = 0.91 x 2.42 = 2.20 lb/(ft)(hr)
Dari tabel.10 maka didapat diameter tube
D = 0.620/12 = 0.0517 ft (tabel.10)
𝐷𝐺𝑡 0.0517 × 762,000
𝑅𝑒𝑡 = = = 17,900
𝜇 2.20

6') At Tc = 1200F, dari fig. 14 maka didapat viskositas air pada suhu 1200F
𝜇 = 2 x (𝜇(air)) = 2 x 0.91 = 1.20 x 2.42 = 2.90 lb/(ft)(hr) (fig.14)

𝛱𝑑0
4 ×(𝑃𝑇2 − )
4
De = diameter equivalent sheel, 𝐷𝑒 = (persamaan 7.3)
𝛱𝑑0
𝛱 ×0.752
4 ×(12 − )
4
𝐷𝑒 = = 0.95 in
𝛱 ×0.75
0.95
𝐷𝑒 = = 0.079 ft
12
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑠 0.079 × 578,000
𝑅𝑒𝑠 = = = 15,750 (fig.28)
𝜇 2.90

7') Dari fig.28 maka di dapat jH sebesar 71

8') At Tc = 1200F, k=0.k(water)

Dengan menggunakan tabel.4 maka didapat nilai “k” air dengan cari interpolasi
Suhu k
85 0.356
79 x
120 0.381

85−79 0.356−𝑥 0.356−𝑥


= 𝑥−0.381 , −0.1707 = ,
79−140 𝑥−0.381
Maka nilai x = 0.36

Maka nilai k (phosphate) = 0.9 x 0.36 = 0.324 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(0F/ft)


1
𝑐𝜇 3
(𝑘)
Dengan :
c = specific heat

1
(0.757×2.90) 3
( 0.324 ) = 1.89

9) hi merupakan koefisien heat transfer yang dapat dicari dengan menggunakan fig.25. pada v=
3.40 maka di dapat ti = 800 Btu/hr(ft2)(0F) (fig.25)

hi = 800 x 1.0 = 800


ℎ𝑖 ×𝐼𝐷 800 ×0.620
ℎ𝑖𝑜 = = = 662 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(0F) (permsaaan 6.5)
𝑂𝐷 0.75

1
𝑘𝑐𝜇 3 0.324
9') ℎ0 = 𝑗𝐻 𝐷 ( 𝑘 ) × 1 = 71 × (0.079) × 1.89 = 550.1 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(0F) (persamaan 6.15b)
𝑒
10')

11')

12') ɵs = ɵt = 1

13') Clean overall coefficient Uc

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 662 ×550.1


𝑈𝑐 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = 662+550.1
= 300.4423 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(0F) (persamaan 6.38)

14') design overall coefiscient UD


Ecternal surface :0.1963
𝐴 = 52 × 16 "0"×0.1963 = 163 ft3
𝑄 915,000
𝑈𝐷 = 𝐴 𝛥𝑡 = 163 ×31.7 = 177.0819 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(0F) (tabel.10)

15') Dirt factor Rd


𝑈 −𝑈 300.4423−177.0719
𝑅𝑑 = 𝑈𝑐 𝑈 𝐷 = 300.4423 ×177.0819 = 0.002319 (hr)(ft2)(0F)/Btu (persamaan 6.13)
𝑐 𝐷

550.1 summary 662


Uc 300.4423
UD 177.0419
Rd calculated 0.002319
Rd required 0.0020

Pressure Drop

1) Untuk Ret = 17,900, dengan menggunakan fig.26 maka di dapat f = 0.00028 ft2/in2 (fig.26)

1') Untuk Res = 15750, dengan menggunkan fig.29 maka didapat f = 0.0019 ft2/in2 (fig.29)

2) Dengan menggunakan persamaan 7.45 (persamaan 7.45)


𝑓𝐺𝑡2 𝐿𝑛 0.00023 ×578,0002 ×16 ×2
𝛥𝑃𝑡 = = = 1.6 psi
5.22 ×1010 𝐷𝑠 ɵ1 5.22×1010 ×0.0517×1×1.0

Dengan menggunakan fig.27 pada (S) 𝐺𝑡 = 762,000 . maka: (fig.27)


V2/2g’ = 0.08
4𝑛 𝑉 2 4×2
𝛥𝑃𝑟 = = × 0.08 = 0.7 psi (persamaan 7.46)
𝑠 2𝑔′ 1
𝛥𝑃𝑇 = 𝛥𝑃𝑡 + 𝛥𝑃𝑟 = 1.6 + 0.7 = 2.3 psi
Allowance ΔPT = 10.0 psi

2') Dengan menggunakan persamaan 7.43 (persamaan 4.43)


No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B
= 12 16/2 = 96

De = ID = 10.02/12 = 0.833 ft
Dengan menggunakan persamaan 7.44 maka : (permsaan 7.44)

𝑓 𝐺 2 𝐷𝑒 (𝑁+1)
𝑠 0.0019 ×578,0002 ×0.833 ×96
(S’) 𝛥𝑃𝑠 = 5.22 ×1010 ×𝐷𝑒 𝑠 ɵ𝑠 =
= 9.5 psi
5.22×1010 ×0.079 ×1.30×1.0

Allowable ΔPs = 10.0 psi

Dengan memvariasikan laju alir massa yaitu ditambah (10,20,30)% dan di kurang (10,20,30)%
maka akan didapatkan kondisi yang berbeda pada masing-masing variasi tersebut. Dengan
menggunakan cara yang sama perhitungan di lakuakan di ms.excel dan didapat data sebegai
berikut :
flowrate W(phosphate) Q1=Q2 W (air) at as Gt V Gs
awal 20160 915667,2 41621,23636 0,054527778 0,034791667 763303,3668 3,392459408 579449,1018
10% 22176 1007233,92 45783,36 0,054527778 0,034791667 839633,7035 3,731705349 637394,012
20% 24192 1098800,64 49945,48364 0,054527778 0,034791667 915964,0402 4,07095129 695338,9222
30% 26208 1190367,36 54107,60727 0,054527778 0,034791667 992294,3769 4,410197231 753283,8323
-10% 18144 824100,48 37459,11273 0,054527778 0,034791667 686973,0301 3,053213467 521504,1916
-20% 16128 732533,76 33296,98909 0,054527778 0,034791667 610642,6935 2,713967527 463559,2814
-30% 14112 640967,04 29134,86545 0,054527778 0,034791667 534312,3568 2,374721586 405614,3713

Ret De Res hit hiot jH sheel hos uc uD


17937,62912 0,079042817 15793,54798 800 661,3333333 71 550,7111971 300,4870387 180,6299095
19731,39203 0,079042817 17372,90278 880 727,4666667 80 620,5196587 334,8753316 198,6929004
21525,15494 0,079042817 18952,25758 920 760,5333333 82 636,0326501 346,3667576 216,7558913
23318,91786 0,079042817 20531,61237 1000 826,6666667 84 651,5456416 364,3665127 234,8188823
16143,86621 0,079042817 14214,19318 720 595,2 68 527,4417099 279,6380207 162,5669185
14350,1033 0,079042817 12634,83838 660 545,6 66 511,9287184 264,1141596 144,5039276
12556,34038 0,079042817 11055,48359 580 479,4666667 64 496,4157269 243,8970059 126,4409366

Rd ΔPt V^2/2g' ΔPr ΔPs


0,002208251 1,588953267 0,08 0,64 9,533791156
0,002046707 1,922633453 0,1 0,8 11,5358873
0,001726372 2,288092704 0,12 0,96 13,72865926
0,001514112 2,685331021 0,14 1,12 16,11210705
0,002575261 1,287052146 0,061 0,488 7,722370836
0,003133986 1,016930091 0,052 0,416 6,10162634
0,00380874 0,778587101 0,042 0,336 4,671557666
Dari data tersebt dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan bertambahnya lajua alir massa maka akan
semakin besar nilai Nre yang juga berpengaruh terahadap perpindahan panas yang terjadi di dalam
alat transfer panas (sheel and tube). Perubahan yang terjadi pada masing- masing kondisi terlampir
pada tabel berikut.
Gt V Gs Ret De Res
flowrate
763303,3668 3,392459408 579449,1018 17937,62912 0,079042817 15793,54798
awal
839633,7035 3,731705349 637394,012 19731,39203 0,079042817 17372,90278
10%
915964,0402 4,07095129 695338,9222 21525,15494 0,079042817 18952,25758
20%
992294,3769 4,410197231 753283,8323 23318,91786 0,079042817 20531,61237
30%
686973,0301 3,053213467 521504,1916 16143,86621 0,079042817 14214,19318
-10%
610642,6935 2,713967527 463559,2814 14350,1033 0,079042817 12634,83838
-20%
534312,3568 2,374721586 405614,3713 12556,34038 0,079042817 11055,48359
-30%

hit hiot jH sheel hos uc uD Rd


800 661,3333333 71 550,7111971 300,4870387 180,6299095 0,002208251
880 727,4666667 80 620,5196587 334,8753316 198,6929004 0,002046707
920 760,5333333 82 636,0326501 346,3667576 216,7558913 0,001726372
1000 826,6666667 84 651,5456416 364,3665127 234,8188823 0,001514112
720 595,2 68 527,4417099 279,6380207 162,5669185 0,002575261
660 545,6 66 511,9287184 264,1141596 144,5039276 0,003133986
580 479,4666667 64 496,4157269 243,8970059 126,4409366 0,00380874

ΔPt V^2/2g' ΔPr ΔPs


1,588953267 0,08 0,64 9,533791156
1,922633453 0,1 0,8 11,5358873
2,288092704 0,12 0,96 13,72865926
2,685331021 0,14 1,12 16,11210705
1,287052146 0,061 0,488 7,722370836
1,016930091 0,052 0,416 6,10162634
0,778587101 0,042 0,336 4,671557666
laju lair massa VS NRe (tube dan sheel)
25000

20000

15000
NRe

10000 laju alir massa VS Nre tube


laju alir massa VS Nre sheel
5000

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
Laju Alir massa

NRe (tueb dan sheel) VS UC


400
350
300
250
UC

200
Nre tube VS UC
150
Nre sheel VS UC
100
50
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
NRe

NRe (tueb dan sheel) VS UD


250

200

150
UD

100 Nre tube VS UD


Nre sheel VS UD
50

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
NRe

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